Presentation on the topic of natural areas of South America. Natural areas of South America. How and why to use powerpoint presentations in geography lessons
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Savannah
Equatorial forests are replaced by grass palm savannas, which occupy mainly subequatorial and tropical climatic zones. The savannas in the Orinoco Lowland are called llanos (from Spanish - “flat”).
The savannas of the Brazilian plateau - campos (from Portuguese - “plain”) occupy a significant large territory than Llanos.
The appearance of llanos and campos is approximately the same: tall grasses, free-standing palm trees, cacti, acacias, mimosas, Cedracho tree. The fauna of the savannas is quite poor. The Nandu ostrich, small deer, wild peccary pigs, armadillos, and pumas live here.
Equatorial forests are replaced by grassy palm savannas, which occupy mainly subequatorial and tropical climatic zones.
The appearance of llanos and campos is approximately the same: tall grasses, free-standing palm trees, cacti, acacias, mimosa, cedarcho tree.
The fauna of the savannas is quite poor. The Nandu ostrich, small deer, wild peccary pigs, armadillos, and pumas live here.
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Lesson topic: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON: To get acquainted with the natural areas characteristic of the mainland; Develop an understanding of the flora and fauna South America; Name and show representatives of the flora and fauna of natural zones; Analyze the location of natural areas on the map; Form an idea about altitudinal zone in the Andes; Create an image of the nature of South America by watching video clips about the nature of the continent;
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EQUATORIAL FORESTS Characteristic feature continent - the presence of impenetrable evergreens equatorial forests. They are characterized by exceptional density, shade, richness and variety. species composition, an abundance of vines and epiphytes. The tree crowns completely hide what is happening on the ground (view from an airplane). The equatorial Amazon forests are one of the longest in the world. The road is in the Amazonian lowland, almost the entire space is occupied by endless jungle.
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They are located on the Amazonian lowland and the adjacent eastern slopes of the Andes, as well as in the northern part of the Pacific coast in the equatorial climate zone. Rivers have difficulty making their way through dense vegetation.
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TROPICAL FOREST K equatorial belt The humid evergreen forests of the Amazon River basin are adjacent to the north and south by a zone of evergreen subtropical forests. These equatorial and tropical forests are called selva, or selvas (translated from Portuguese this means “forest”).
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One of amazing plants– Victoria Amazonian. This is a giant water lily that prefers quiet backwaters, where its rounded leaves with sides float on the surface of the water, reaching 2 meters in diameter and capable of supporting a weight of up to 50 kg.
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Characteristic of South American tropical forest types of chocolate tree with flowers and fruits sitting directly on the trunk. The fruits of the cultivated chocolate tree, rich in valuable nutrients, provide raw materials for making chocolate. The seeds contain up to 50% fat. Cocoa butter is used in the confectionery industry and for the preparation of medicinal ointments.
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Hevea rubber plant belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family; there are more than 10 species of this tree. Hevea is a source of natural rubber. Collectors receive 3-7.5 kg of rubber per year from one tree. Hevea was exported to Asia and is now cultivated there on plantations
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The smallest monkey is 50-75 g and up to 30 cm in length. Many animals are adapted to life in trees, such as the spider monkey. The anteater is one of the major representatives local wildlife.
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SLOTH is an inhabitant of the equatorial forest. This slow animal hangs with its tenacious claws on the branches, its back down. Body length is 50-60 cm. It feeds on leaves and fruits of trees. Its yellow-white fur is sometimes covered with green patches of algae.
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Capybara (capybara) is the most large rodent on Earth. This rodent lives near rivers and lakes, in wetlands. The capybara swims well. The weight of the animal reaches 100 kg, and the body length is more than 1 meter. Serves as a hunting object for local residents.
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The world of birds is also rich: There are about 500 species of hummingbirds. This is the smallest bird on Earth. Its weight is 1.6-1.8 g, and its length is 2.5 cm.
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SAVANNAS Equatorial forests are replaced by grass palm savannas, which occupy mainly subequatorial and tropical climatic zones. The savannas in the Orinoco Lowland are called llanos (from Spanish - “flat”). The savannas of the Brazilian plateau - campos (from Portuguese - “plain”) occupy a much larger area than the llanos. The appearance of llanos and campos is approximately the same: tall grasses, free-standing palm trees, cacti, acacias, mimosas, Cedracho tree. The fauna of the savannas is quite poor. The Nandu ostrich, small deer, wild peccary pigs, armadillos, and pumas live here.
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The armadillo is a non-toothed mammal. The animal's body is covered on top with a thick shell of horny scutes. The armadillo reaches 1 m in length. It feeds on insects and larvae. During the day, the armadillo hides in burrows, and at night it wanders in search of food. In case of danger, it quickly burrows into the ground. Armadillo meat is edible and is hunted.
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Puma – american lion, large predator savannah Body length – up to 190 cm. Once this big cat was distributed from Canada to Patagonia. Currently this type heavily exterminated, therefore protected as a rare animal.
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Wild peccary pigs reach a length of 1 meter and weigh up to 50 kg. They eat plant foods. Residents of savannahs and forests hunt them for their edible meat and durable skins.
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STEPS South of the savannas in the subtropical climate zone lie the steppes, which in South America are called pampas, which translated from the Indian language means “a space devoid of woody vegetation" Almost all the land is plowed or turned into pasture, so there are almost no wild animals left, with the exception of rodents. The territory is covered with dense grassy vegetation: feather grass, wild millet, reeds.
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Llama - body length 1.5–1.75 cm. These animals are domesticated and have long been used as pack animals. They are hardy and submissive.
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SEMI-DESERTS AND DESERTSemi-deserts and deserts occupy not large area. They are located in subtropical and temperate climatic zones. The vegetation is represented by dry grasses and cushion-shaped shrubs. The same animals live in semi-deserts as in the pampa. This harsh region is called Patagonia.
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South America is the most
wet continent. Therefore here
forests are widespread, and
deserts and semi-deserts
relatively little.
-Under what climatic conditions is this formed?
zone?
- What are the conditions of these belts?
- In the basin of which river is this protection zone formed?
-That’s why this natural zone was called Amazonia.
S. Zweig “Whoever has seen the Amazon will have enough beauty for
all my life."
- What's so surprising?
In terms of the number of plant and animal species, it
exceeds the PP of equatorial humid forests
Africa. Plants - 4000 species. (Ceiba - up to 80m, Givea,
cocoa, palm trees), Victoria - Region.
Fauna: hummingbird, toucan, parrots, jaguar,
sloth, anaconda, capybara, etc.
EQUATORIAL FORESTS of South America - selva
A characteristic feature of the continent– the presence of impassable
evergreen equatorial
forests They are different
exceptional thickness,
shade, wealth and
species diversity
composition, abundance of vines and
Equatorial
epiphytes.
Amazon forests
occupy one of
first places in the world
by length.
.
Alexander Humboldt, a German scientist, named them hylaea. And often these forests are also called “the lungs of the planet!”
Selva-equatorial forests.Amazonian lowland Geographical location
Located on
Amazonian lowland
on the eastern slopes
Andes, as well as in the northern
parts of the Pacific
coastline in the area
equatorial
climate zone. orchid
ceiba – tree
reaching
height 80 m. Flora
equatorial forests
Hevea
cocoa Animal world
equatorial forests
monkeys
sloth anaconda
jaguar Fauna of the equatorial
forests
tapir
capybara Animal world
equatorial forests
hummingbird
toucan 2. Here nature is monotonous and depends on the season. Here
the period of hot days turned into the rainy season. Which
Can a natural area have such a characteristic?
Savannas and woodlands.
In what climatic zones is this protected area located?(
Subequatorial and partly tropical.
There are northern and southern part savannah
Vegetation: mimosa, bottle tree, ceiba)
Fauna: puma, rhea ostrich, armadillo,
ant-eater
SAVANNAH
Equatorial forests are replaced by grasslandsEquatorial forests
are replaced
palm
savannas,
which occupy
grass palm savannas,
mostly
subequatorial
And
which occupy
mostly
subequatorial and tropical
tropical
belts
climatic zones. climatic
Savannah on
Orinoco
lowlands
called campos approximately
Appearance
Llanosa
llanos (from Spanish -
"smooth").
is the same:
tall grasses, separately
Savannah of Brazil
standing
cacti, acacias,
plateaus - palm trees,
campos (from
Portuguese
– “plain”)
mimosas,
tree
cedracho.
occupy a significantly larger
territory,
than Llanos.
Animal
The world of savannas is quite poor.
The appearance of the llanos and campos
Here
live
ostrich Nandu, small
approximately the same:
high
herbs, separately
standing
palm trees,
deer,
wild
baker pigs,
armadillos,
cacti, acacia, mimosa, tree
Kedracho. Savanna fauna
cougars.
pretty poor. They live here
ostrich Nandu, small deer,
wild baker pigs,
armadillos, pumas. Flora of savannas
Campos savannah
Brazilian
plateau –(from
Portuguese –
"plain") occupy
much larger
territory than
Llanos. Flora of savannas
Llanos - savannahs
Orinoco
lowlands (from
Spanish -
"smooth"). Flora of savannas
Quebracho tree Savanna fauna
peccary pigs
ostrich rhea Savanna fauna
ant-eater
armadillo 3.Translated from the Indian language, the name of the following
natural area means an area devoid of trees
vegetation. What natural area are we talking about?
Steppe zone.
- In what climatic zone is this conservation area located?
-Subtropical zone.
-Why do steppe soils have high fertility?
- Lots of herbaceous vegetation (wild millet, feather grass)
The soils are chernozem-like and meadow.
Fauna: Llamas, viscachas, pampas cat,
pampas deer
Pampa - South American steppe
South of the savannahs in the subtropicalsteppes spread across the climatic zone.
Almost all land has been plowed or turned into
pastures, so there are almost no wild animals
remained, with the exception of rodents. Pampa - steppes of South America, translated from the language
Indian means "space devoid of
woody vegetation Flora
steppes (pampas)
Territory covered
herbaceous vegetation:
feather grass, wild millet, on
wetlands
reeds are growing.
reed
feather grass
wild millet Fauna of the steppes (pampas)
There are a lot of rodents in the pampa,
some species of armadillos
and birds.
Pampas cat
Pampas deer
Pampas cat
lama 4.-Which natural area on the mainland has
smallest area?
Desert and semi-desert zone.
-In what climatic zones is it located?
this natural area?
- Subtropical and temperate.
- Wet continent on the west coast
washed by a cold current that does not bring
precipitation.
Vegetable and fauna: rodents, nutria,
whiskey
Cacti, turf grasses. Semi-deserts and deserts in
South America are called
patagonia Patagonia occupies a small area on the mainland
square. They are located in subtropical and
temperate climate zones.
The vegetation is represented by dry cereals and
cushion-shaped shrubs.
The same animals live in semi-deserts as in
pump. This harsh region is called Patagonia. Atacama Desert
Atacama-spring
In the desert less than 100 mm falls
precipitation, and in some places less than 25 mm. Atacama Desert
There are areas in the Atacama Desert where there is never
it rains, but the only moisture is
fogs and dew. 5. Moving west, where do we end up?
Andes Mountains.
-What factors influence diversity altitude zones V
in the mountains?
- Mountain height
- The latitude at which they are located.
Areas of the Andes lying at different latitudes differ
number and composition of altitudinal zones. The higher the ridges
, the closer they are to the equator, the more
observed natural zones when rising from the foothills to
top.(slide-34,35)
The Andes mountain belts are home to:
- potatoes
- tomatoes
-cotton Altitudinal zone Andean fauna
condor
Spectacled bear
Our gift
The Spaniards brought this plant from SouthAmerica and tried to cook from its seeds
coffee. Unfortunately, no one drinks this coffee
became, but now the oil comes from it
plants are used in cooking
salads, mayonnaise, baked goods, sweets.
Guess what it is?