How to pick mushrooms to cut or tear. Love for native mushrooms. In what cases do mushrooms need to be twisted
I live in the forest area. Picking mushrooms is my passion.
Mushroom pickers are divided into two camps: some believe that mushrooms should be twisted, others are for cutting them. In fact you can cut and twist, as you like.
Why is it right to pick and cut mushrooms
The mycelium consists of microscopic threads - the neck, which die off, new ones grow. And when the fungus is plucked or cut, it does no harm to the mycelium. With the help of a knife, the mushroom is cleaned of debris, before being put in a basket, they check if it is wormy.
When is it more convenient to twist the mushrooms
Tubular mushrooms on thick long legs, porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus, it is better to twist. Their stem is half buried and if the mushroom is cut off, then a large half will remain in the ground, part of the product is lost. The mushroom must be taken by the leg and, slightly twisting, pluck.
When is the best time to cut mushrooms?
Mushrooms that grow in families, for example, mushrooms, are best cut without damaging the little thing, which in a few days will grow up and become a full-fledged mushroom. It is also easier to cut agaric mushrooms. If they are torn off, then the gently sloping fragile legs will simply crumble.
At the place where the mushroom was found, it is not necessary to intensively rake the ground - they plucked the fungus, cover this place with fallen leaves and you can return to mushroom place in 3-4 days - and again you will harvest a bountiful harvest.
I recommend taking a look here:
- Blackberry yellow mushroom - edible? What does it look like, where does it grow?
For many years, disputes have not subsided among mushroom pickers - cut or twist. The answer to this question cannot be unambiguous.
Cut or twist?
It is necessary to cut the mushroom to the very root - so that the leg does not remain in the ground, otherwise it will begin to rot
It is extremely important to minimize the harm caused to the mycelium: it directly depends on whether there will be a mushroom harvest next year. However, there is no single correct answer to the question of what is the best thing to do: it all depends on what kind of mushroom it is, and on a number of other factors.
Mushrooms are twisted in the following cases:
- If the mushroom is tubular, that is, if it has a thick leg (boletus, boletus, boletus). We simply grab the mushroom and slowly turn it around its axis. We sprinkle the place where he grew up with earth for the speedy restoration of the damaged mycelium.
- If the fungus grows alone.
Mushrooms are cut in the following situations:
- If the mushroom is lamellar (camelin, wave, breast, etc.). The leg of such a mushroom is unusually fragile, and if you start to twist the mushroom, it will crumble.
- If there is a suspicion that the mushroom is wormy: by cutting, you can understand if this is so.
- If the mushrooms grow in a group, and not singly.
If the mushroom is hiding in the moss, then twisting will be difficult, and it is better to cut it off.
There is no single answer to the question of how best to pick mushrooms: you need to proceed from a specific situation. The only thing you definitely shouldn’t do is to pull the mushroom out of the ground: there is a high probability that next year the mycelium will no longer be in the same place.
We all heard that an experienced forester always takes a knife with him into the forest (and also a rope and a gag, but that's a completely different story;) because mushrooms should never be pulled out of the ground, but only carefully cut off at the base of the legs .
For those who are already tormented by this question long years those who suffer sleepless nights, again and again returning thoughts to this riddle, I will say right away that this is a myth.
There is no need to cut the mushrooms, they can be pulled out of the ground without being tormented by remorse - this will not cause any harm to the fungus. Anyway, you can read no further.
Caution ahead of a boring scientific explanation!
Well, okay, rebel, have your way, you've made your choice. So, let's first try to figure out where this myth's legs grow from.
ORIGIN OF THE MYTH.
Try to immediately remember everything you know about mushrooms. Most likely you will remember that most of mushrooms known to you grow from the ground, that they do not move, that they have an underground and above-ground part. Those who studied biology well at school will probably recall other features: they reproduce by spores, they have cell walls, and, like lower plants, they lack tissues. Whom does this description remind us of in the first place? That's right - this is very similar to the description of plants and it is not surprising that for a long time mushrooms were considered as such.
And what will happen if you approach, say, a blooming dandelion and pull it out of the ground? Of course, the dandelion will die, since you pulled out not only its shoot, but at the same time most likely pulled it out either with a part or with a whole root. However, there are quite a large number of plants, for example, lily of the valley, with highly developed underground organs in which they store a large amount of nutrients - if only the shoot is cut off from such a plant without damaging the underground part, the plant will not die, but using its underground reserves forms a new shoot. Simply put, a new plant will grow in place of the cut plant. It is not difficult to guess that, not knowing how mushrooms actually work and mistakenly considering them a variety of plants, people transferred these ideas to them, deciding that by pulling out a mushroom, they damage its "root" (which it actually does not have) and having come to the erroneous conclusion that a new one will no longer grow in place of such a "pulled out" mushroom.
HOW THINGS REALLY ARE.
However, despite their superficial resemblance, mushrooms are not plants at all. They have a different biochemical composition, a different physiology, a different structure, and most importantly, unlike plants, they are not able to photosynthesize (in short, for those who have forgotten what PHOTOSYNTHESIS is, this is a way to obtain the necessary nutrients when a plant takes from environment carbon dioxide and water and, using solar energy, produces proteins, fats and carbohydrates necessary for its life activity). Why did the dandelion, torn out by us as an example, die? Uprooting it, we deprived it of the ability to absorb water normally, the process of photosynthesis stopped and the dandelion died. For the same reason, he died when he was cut - by removing his aerial part, we deprived the root of the products of photosynthesis formed in the leaves and stem, and since he himself did not really store anything in the underground part, having lost nutrients, he was not able to form a new one. escaped and died again.
So how does a mushroom actually work? Like a plant, a fungus really consists of an above-ground and an underground part, but unlike a plant, the above-ground part of the fungus, called the fruiting body, is needed for only one purpose - to spread spores, i.e. approximately for the same for what we need to say an apple to an apple tree. The "real" mushroom is located underground and is called mycelium or, scientifically, MYCELIUM. It is the mycelium that is the true body of the fungus, on the surface of which it absorbs water and those very decaying organic substances from the soil.
But what does it change, you say? Do you still need to cut the mushroom, and not pull it out? After all, pulling it out can damage the mycelium, right?
Not really. The fact is that mushroom myceliums are usually huge and occupy huge areas. For example, the most big mycelium in the world covers an area of 8,800,000 square meters http://www.nat-geo.ru/fact/41372-gigant-iz-oregona. Therefore, even if we imagine that some enterprising mushroom picker combs a certain forest up and down, tearing everything out of the ground fruit bodies, along the way, capturing several square centimeters of mycelium with them, even in this case, the hypothetical damage that will be inflicted on the mycelium will be negligible in comparison with its scale, and the mycelium will grow to its previous size faster than you read this post to the end. But if the mushroom is cut off, then a piece of the damaged leg will remain in the ground, in which putrefactive bacteria will start up that can penetrate into the mycelium and also damage some (also not very large, however, since mushrooms are great masters in the fight against bacteria) part of the mycelium.
As you can see, no matter how you twist it, the procedure for cutting a mushroom is completely pointless and potentially even more harmful, so the next time you go for mushrooms, feel free to tear them with your hands and don’t worry =)
P.S. There are a few biological inaccuracies in the text. The author knows about them and asks him not to throw poop at him for them especially =) I tried to make the text accessible to a wide range of people who do not have special knowledge in biology, so I had to simplify in places.
How to take mushrooms: cut or twist?
This is the most "sick" question. Here - how many mushroom pickers, so many opinions. Here is what Dr. biological sciences L.V. Garibova: "Mushroom pickers are often worried about the question: how to pick mushrooms correctly - cut or twist? The answer is simple: mushrooms should be picked in the most convenient way. Tubular ones are easier to unscrew, they have a dense stem, and lamellar ones should be cut off, since their hollow stem very fragile and will crumble if you try to unscrew it.The main thing is not to dig up the forest floor, so as not to damage the delicate thin mycelium in it.The hole formed after the mushroom was removed should be sprinkled with earth or bedding.With such precautions, the mycelium on this The place will bear fruit again and again."
What to do if the mushroom turned out to be wormy?
If, after cutting the mushroom, you saw that it was wormy, you can do it in three ways.
First, you can not take it at all. In this case, leaving the mushroom on the ground, and even turning the hat upside down, as is sometimes done, is not worth it. Experienced mushroom pickers advise putting a hat of a worm mushroom on spruce branch, or chop dry, "spores down". At the same time, the hat does not rot, but dries, the spores ripen and dust on large area(you look, and several new foci of mycelium will start to grow). In addition, the mushroom dries up in winter, at the hungriest time, maybe it will please some hare, squirrel or bird. You work - 5 seconds, and the benefits are great. If each mushroom picker at least 20-30 mushrooms "prick" for a trip, then the mushrooms will become more and more.
Secondly, you can cut it into two halves along the entire length from the top of the cap to the end of the stem and see if the whole mushroom is wormy. If it turns out that the hat is clean, the stem can be cut off and only two halves of the hat can be taken.
Third, you can take worm mushroom whole, if it is not completely flabby and old. At home, it must be cut and put for several hours in a strong salt water(1-2 tablespoons of salt per medium saucepan). After such a "bath" all the larvae will crawl out of the fungus. Then the salt water must be drained, and the mushrooms thoroughly washed. The disadvantage of this method is that although the larvae will crawl out, the products of their vital activity may remain in the fungus.
How to "reliably" distinguish a non-poisonous mushroom from a poisonous one?
The right way only one - to inspect the mushroom and determine its type by characteristics. There are no other reliable ways. However, to reduce the risks, it is advisable to remember the following simple tips:
1. Never pick or eat those mushrooms that have a tuberous thickening at the base of the stem, surrounded by a shell (pale toadstool, fly agaric). Attention: pick mushrooms with a whole stem only, so as not to lose sight of this important feature!
2. Never taste mushrooms, do not lick them. So you still can’t determine anything, and poison (even in microscopic doses) can cause significant harm to the body.
3. If you have even a little doubt about the "edibility" of the mushroom, then it's better to throw it away.
4. Try not to pick mushrooms after a long period of dry and hot weather - in drought they lose water, their metabolism changes, which leads to the formation of unpleasant toxins even in noble mushrooms.
5. Do not pick old, spoiled, rotten, soft, overripe mushrooms. They are out of balance.
6. Do not trust the hand-drawn images of mushrooms in books - as a rule, they are far from reality.
(See also the question of external toxins and radiation below.)
There are very dangerous, but, unfortunately, deeply rooted misconceptions about allegedly "reliable" methods for detecting poisonous mushrooms. You need to know them, never use them and warn friends and neighbors about the danger.
Attention: the methods below are life-threatening! Under no circumstances should they be used!
Misconception 1. " poisonous mushrooms can be "calculated" with a silver spoon or onion"
Woe experts say that if you put a silver spoon in a saucepan with soaked mushrooms, then, in the presence of poisonous mushrooms, the spoon will turn black, and if you put an onion, it will turn brown. This is not true. This test method is similar to checking a gas leak with a burning match - it works until the first (and last) explosion.
Misconception 2. "Insects do not eat poisonous mushrooms"
Allegedly, if the mushroom was thoroughly gnawed by a snail, this indicates its suitability for food. This is not true. The human body is very different from the body of an insect, and what is suitable for snail food can be deadly to humans.
Misconception 3. "Poisonous mushrooms become edible after pickling or pickling"
This is completely untrue. Death cap can send to the other world both in salted and pickled form.
Misconception 4. "Poison from mushrooms can be removed if they are boiled for several hours"
This is a dangerous mistake. The poisons of most mushrooms are heat-resistant and it is impossible to turn a toadstool into a mushroom by boiling.
We all heard that an experienced forester always takes a knife with him into the forest (as well as a rope and a gag, but this is a completely different story because mushrooms should never be pulled out of the ground, but only carefully cut off at the base of the legs.
For those who have been tormented by this question for many years, those who suffer from sleepless nights, again and again returning their thoughts to this riddle, I will say right away that this is a myth.
There is no need to cut the mushrooms, they can be pulled out of the ground without being tormented by remorse - this will not cause any harm to the fungus.
ORIGIN OF THE MYTH.
Try to immediately remember everything you know about mushrooms. Most likely, it will come to your memory that most of the mushrooms you know grow from the ground, that they do not move, that they have an underground and aboveground part. Those who studied biology well at school will probably recall other features: they reproduce by spores, they have cell walls, and, like lower plants, they lack tissues. Whom does this description remind us of in the first place? That's right - this is very similar to the description of plants and it is not surprising that for a long time mushrooms were considered as such.
And what will happen if you approach, say, a blooming dandelion and pull it out of the ground? Of course, the dandelion will die, since you pulled out not only its shoot, but at the same time most likely pulled it out either with a part or with a whole root. However, there are a fairly large number of plants, for example, lily of the valley, with highly developed underground organs in which they store a large amount of nutrients - if only the shoot is cut off from such a plant without damaging the underground part, then the plant will not die, but using its underground reserves forms new escape. Simply put, a new plant will grow in place of the cut plant. It is not difficult to guess that, not knowing how mushrooms actually work and mistakenly considering them a variety of plants, people transferred these ideas to them, deciding that by pulling out a mushroom, they damage its “root” (which it actually does not have) and having come to the erroneous conclusion that in the place of such a “pulled out” mushroom, a new one will no longer grow.
HOW THINGS REALLY ARE.
However, despite their superficial resemblance, mushrooms are not plants at all. They have a different biochemical composition, a different physiology, a different structure, and most importantly, unlike plants, they are not able to photosynthesize (in short, for those who have forgotten what PHOTOSYNTHESIS is, this is a way to obtain the necessary nutrients when a plant takes carbon dioxide and water from the environment and , using solar energy, produces proteins, fats and carbohydrates necessary for its life activity). Why did the dandelion, torn out by us as an example, die? Uprooting it, we deprived it of the ability to absorb water normally, the process of photosynthesis stopped and the dandelion died. For the same reason, he died when he was cut - by removing his aerial part, we deprived the root of the products of photosynthesis formed in the leaves and stem, and since he himself did not really store anything in the underground part, having lost nutrients, he was unable to form a new one. escaped and died again.