The largest mushrooms in the world: Photos of large mushrooms and myceliums. The largest mushrooms found by man: weight and height The largest mushroom on earth
There are many interesting facts about mushrooms. Japanese researchers have established for certain that the mushroom can think and remember, and the mycelium is a unique natural underground "Internet"! It is also interesting that the mycelium itself can grow indefinitely, sometimes reaching monstrous sizes. About 10 years ago in the state of Michigan (USA) a 2000-year-old mushroom net was discovered, it spread underground over 900 hectares, which is equal to about 1800 football fields. Given that the mycelium is the vegetative body of the fungus, we can safely say that the "Michigan miracle" is the most big mushroom in the world.
There are several more similar mycelium monsters on earth:
- honey agaric dark or, scientifically, Armillaria ostoyae, has in national park in Switzerland, near the Ofena Pass, a huge mycelium with an area of 35 hectares. The mycelium is at least 1000 years old and is the largest in Europe;
- in 1992, researchers in Washington state accidentally stumbled upon mycelium that covered 600 hectares;
- before the discovery of the “Michigan Diva”, the title “The Biggest Mushroom” belonged to an organism that scientists found in 2000 in a relict forest in Oregon (USA). Mycelium of honey mushrooms has grown just up to giant size: occupied 880 hectares, which is equal to 1,700 football fields, while its threads go deep into it by about one and a half meters. The age of this mycelium is 2500 years!
Outside, we see only representatives of this huge living creature - mushrooms with a stem and a cap, of a normal size and familiar to the eye. Meanwhile, in nature there are also huge mushrooms (in the usual sense of the word). The most big mushrooms in the world that amaze the imagination with their size and weight.
giant mushrooms
A huge raincoat from the champignon family was found in 1987 by Canadian Jean Guy Richard. This giant mushroom had a circumference of 2.6 meters, weighed 24 kg! A photo of a mushroom picker with his trophy immediately hit the Internet and scattered around the world. Scientists, evaluating the find, concluded: the raincoat could produce such a number of spores that the mushrooms that grew from their generation could cover the entire area of \u200b\u200bour planet three times.
Only 1 kg “lost” a mushroom to a raincoat, which local found in 2007 in the south of Mexico in the state of Chiapas. With a height of 67 cm, he weighed 23 kg. A year later, in 2008, again in Mexico, a biologist discovered a mushroom weighing 22 kg. Here are the giants! They can feed the whole village!
The largest mushroom (with a stem and cap) ever found in Europe is considered to be a champignon weighing 14 kg. It grew quietly in a field in the Italian province of Bari until it was found and cut by local farmer Francesco Quito. Together with his wife, they delivered the find home by car, cleaned it, cut it, fried it, and invited all the neighbors for a treat! This was a feast for the whole world!
In last place is a rather modest find of 25-year-old girl Terry Hodson Walker. She found the fungus on her land in the English county of Staffordshire in 2011. In fact, the fungus, indeed, has a very modest size compared to the giants described above. Its diameter was only 47 cm, and its weight was just over 2 kg. But for some reason, this find was given a lot of attention, a photo of a girl with a mushroom walks all over the Internet under the loud title "The biggest mushroom in the world"! Maybe the girl is pretty, because the mushroom is clearly not the biggest and does not deserve such interest ...
Russian record holders
This is again a raincoat mushroom. He was found in 2011 in the Permian forest by an amateur " silent hunting» Vladislav Grabosinsky. After measurements and weighing, it turned out that the giant has a hat with a diameter of no less than 1 meter 72 cm, its height is 52 cm, and it weighs 12 kg 150 grams. Vladislav did not eat the find, but delivered it intact to the Botany Department of the Perm University. Let them study for health!
Another record holder is the Russian birch boletus, found in a forest in the Tomsk region. It was discovered by local mushroom picker Aleksey Korol while picking mushrooms near his village. The man was simply shocked by the find: the height of the leg of the giant mushroom was 28 cm, and the diameter of his hat was 36 centimeters, while he weighed 2.4 kilograms! Interestingly, the mushroom was absolutely clean, without wormholes and damage.
If large raincoats or tinder fungus are periodically found, then such a giant boletus is an incredible rarity. So far, not a single such fungus has been officially recorded. Although it may be that simple people who find something similar do not understand the full value of the find. They simply rejoice at the big mushroom, take pictures with it as a keepsake and eat together a unique mushroom. Photos from the Internet prove that such giants are found in Russia.
For example, this photo from the web is clearly real. On it, two charming ladies represent just a huge mushroom, but no information about it has been found ... Therefore, it is advisable to report such findings to specialists, although it is not a fact that the giant will not be taken away, then you won’t have to try it, and it will be a little insulting ...
giant tinder fungus
Another giant mushroom was found in 2015 in China. Its scientific name is Ganoderma Lucidum or varnished polypore. The Chinese call it "Lingzhi" or "mushroom of immortality", claiming that this species prolongs life, preserves eternal youth, strengthens health, relieves hypertension and allergies, cures asthma and even oncology.
The find's cap diameter is 107 cm, and the "mushroom" weighed 7.5 kg. Experts valued it at $900.
In general, large tinder fungi are not so rare. For example, in the UK, on the territory of the Institute of Mycology, a tinder fungus grows, the diameter of which has already reached 4 meters!
The tallest
The tallest mushroom in the world is the parasol. It can be found in the forests of many European countries, as well as in Russia. On average, this fungus has a hat up to 30 cm in diameter, which is attached to a stem up to 40 cm high. But this is an average. Finds up to 1 meter high have been recorded! A mushroom to the waist is already from the country of giants!
From the Guinness Book of Records
There are two amazing entries in this Book:
- according to the first, in 1946 in Washington (USA) a tinder fungus was found, a real giant, whose dimensions were 140x94 cm, and it weighed as much as 136 kg!
- the second entry says that in 1985, again in the USA, in Wisconsin, a raincoat with a girth of almost 195 cm grew.
It is even difficult to imagine such a thing. But the Guinness Book of Records is credible...
Its weight is more than 20 kilograms, and its height is about 75 centimeters ...
Scientists say that this is a macrocybe titans and this specimen is one of the largest edible mushrooms that have ever been found on our planet ...
However, he falls short of the record: in 1985, in US state Wisconsin found the fungus galvatia gigantea weighing 140 kilograms and spanning almost two meters. This giant got into the Guinness Book of Records.
The unusual find has already been delivered to a special laboratory. Usually in such cases, giant mushrooms are dried and researched on the subject of their chemical composition ...
But this is the largest of the edible mushrooms, but here is an example of really giants!
So, the top 10 giant mushrooms.
10. Calvatia gigantea from England. Weight 2 kg
Opens ten large mushrooms Calvatia gigantea from England. The record holder was discovered by a young gardener, Terry Hodson-Walker, after the rainy season. The width of the giant's hat was approximately 46 centimeters, and it weighed 2 kilograms. After the discovery, the girl decided to apply to the Guinness Book of Records in order for the macromycete to be officially recognized as the largest mushroom in the world. The scientific name of the discovered fungus is Calvatia gigantea. This is an ordinary raincoat, which can be found almost all over the world. This species can reach colossal proportions, but often becomes a victim of forest animals that are not averse to feasting on a raincoat.
9. Boletus from Russia. Weight 2.4 kg
Another contender for the title of the largest mushroom in the world is a boletus from Russia, discovered in the Tomsk region. Local mushroom picker Alexei Korol found a giant boletus in the forest near his village. The diameter of the cap of the giant mushroom was 36 centimeters, and the height of the stem was 28 cm. The weight of the record holder was 2 kilograms 400 grams! As the TV channel "Russia" noted, this is not some kind of alien - a mutant from outer space, but common boletus, not even wormy.
8. Lingzhi from China. Weight 7.5 kg
Found a huge varnished tinder fungus, or, as it is called in China - lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) - weighs 7.5 kg, and its diameter is 107 cm. They found a find in one of the provincial Chinese cities of Hezhou. This mushroom belongs to the genus Ganoderma, which has been used in Chinese medicine for over 2000 years. It is also called the "mushroom of immortality". Lingzhi is believed to boost immunity due to active compounds called polysaccharides, which can increase the activity of white blood cells. The impressive size and weight of the tinder fungus allow it to take one of the lines in the ranking of the largest mushrooms in the world.
7. Raincoat from Russia. Weight 12 kg
The largest mushroom in Russia is a raincoat found by mushroom picker Vladislav Grabosinsky in the fall of 2011 in Perm region. The diameter of the giant's hat was 1 meter and 72 centimeters, and the height was about half a meter. The weight of the find exceeded 12 kilograms. Biologists do not consider this find rare. Raincoats grew and large sizes reaching 20 kg in weight. Raincoats are eaten when they are still young. Since it was already too late to eat the giant, Vladislav took him to study at the Botany Department of Perm University. This edible miracle was listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
6. Mushroom from Italy. Weight 14 kg
In Italy, a kind of record was also recorded. A huge champignon, weighing about 14 kilograms, was found by Francesco Quito, a resident of the province of Baria. Despite the fact that the mushroom was found near the village, Francesco could hardly carry it on his shoulder, so he had to use a car. The mushroom was unspoiled and edible. I had to call the neighbors to eat such a giant.
5. Macromycete from China. Weight 15 kg
In the Chinese province of Yunnan, a giant macromycete weighing 15 kilograms was discovered. The mushroom not only turned out to be huge, but also had unusual shape. Outwardly, it looked like a hundred small mushroom caps growing on one leg! In the diameter of the hat, it reached almost 1 meter. Scientists have not yet determined what kind of eccentric mushroom organism belongs to.
4. Macrocybe Titans from the USA. Weight 20 kg
If we talk about traditional macromycetes in the usual sense, then the leader in size can be called Macrocybe Titans, which grows in the Caribbean countries and the USA. In one of the southern Mexican states in 2007, a specimen was found with a mass of 20 kg and a height of about 70 cm. However, this find is not the only one. In 2005 in the United States, Mexican biologist and mushroom specialist Rene Andrade stumbled upon the same mushroom, which also grew on a coffee plantation, and its weight was as much as 28 kilograms. Such big sizes make this macromycete the object of close attention of the scientific community.
3. Macromycete from Canada. Weight 26 kg
Canadian macromycetes can also compete in size. A raincoat weighing 26 kilograms was discovered by a resident of Canada, Christian Terrien. A man discovered a mushroom while walking with his son through the forest. Canadians were amazed by their find and they admitted that they had never seen such large raincoats in their lives. The mushroom was taken home and had a photo shoot with him.
2. Fomitiporia ellipsoidea from China. Weight 500 kg
Another mushroom found and studied by Chinese mycologists grew 10.85 meters in height with a cap width of 82-88 cm. Scientists believe that this outstanding representative of the mushroom kingdom grew for at least 20 years. A giant tinder fungus with the world's largest fruiting body was found on Hainan Island in 2010, and has now been studied and classified. The brown monster turned out to be a perennial tree fungus - a representative of the species Fomitiporia ellipsoidea. One of the authors of the discovery, Yu Cheng Dai, from the Institute of Applied Ecology (IAE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says that he and his colleagues first found solid specimens of the same fungus in Fujian province back in 2008. But still, those macromycetes were not as large as the giant from Hainan. Interestingly, the authors of the study did not deliberately look for a record holder, but simply studied the diversity of tree mushrooms in the forests of the island. “None of us even imagined that a mushroom could grow so huge,” says Professor Dai. “We didn’t recognize him right away in the forest because he was too big.” Biologists estimated the volume of this fungus at 409-525 thousand cm3, and its weight at about 500 kilograms. Discovered by scientists F. ellipsoidea grows underground, so it long time remained unnoticed and was able to grow to such an impressive size.
1. Armillaria ostoyae from the USA. Weight over 600 kg
The first line of the ranking is occupied by the largest mushroom in the world, which mycologists ( Mycology(from other Greek μύκης - mushroom) - a section of biology, the science of mushrooms.) found in the relict forests of the United States. It is considered the largest living being on the planet. This giant belongs to the Armillaria family, whose representatives have long been known for their size. Most of this living organism was underground, only small mushrooms could be clearly seen on the surface. The name of these macromycetes is Armillaria ostoyae, or otherwise they are called honey mushrooms. One such honey agaric fits easily in the hand and is not too remarkable. But his mycelium, which is a single organism, occupied 880 hectares of area in Oregon National Park! Its tentacles are located underground and entangle an area equal in size to 1665 football fields. The fungus has grown through the Oregon forests for about 2,500 years, destroying the root systems of trees in its path. That is why this macromycete is considered the largest on the planet.
From time to time, information appears in the media that the largest mushroom in the world has been discovered, a new record holder among such creatures. According to biologists, the huge parameters of the new finds are a natural phenomenon and are not a sign of any anomaly. These representatives of a special form of life, which combine the characteristics of plants and animals, can grow to enormous sizes if they are given favorable conditions.
Scientists find it surprising that many of the giant mushrooms discovered are edible. It is amazing that these giants were able to survive and grow to an impressive size, despite the efforts of many mushroom pickers and the love of animals to feast on fresh mushrooms.
In the Oregon forests located in the United States, biologists managed to find a mushroom that is striking in its size. True, the terrestrial part of this record holder cannot surprise - Armillaria ostoyae fits in the palm of your hand. These mushrooms are known to us under the name honey mushrooms. The real surprise among scientists was the size of the mycelium, which impresses with its parameters:
- the area occupied by the rhizome of the fungus is 880 hectares;
- about 1665 football fields can be covered with mycelium;
- the age of formation of the root system of the fungus is 2500 years;
- the estimated weight of the mycelium is more than 600 kg.
Biologists after research have found that the discovered Armillaria ostoyae is not only the largest among other fungi, but also the greatest living creature on the planet. Even the roots of some centuries-old trees were destroyed by this giant's mycelium.
In 2010, a huge tree fungus Phellinus ellipsoideus was discovered in China. In about 20 years, he managed to reach a height of 10.85 m. The width of his hat reaches 88 cm. Scientists managed to find it during the study of various tree fungi on the island of Hainan. The giant grew underground, which did not allow him to be discovered earlier. According to a rough estimate by biologists, Phellinus ellipsoideus weighs up to 500 kg.
In 2005, a Mexican biologist found a macrocybe mushroom in the United States that grew between coffee trees and weighed 28 kg. After 2 years, another macrocybe of impressive size was discovered on a coffee plantation in Mexico. The giant, found in 2007, towered 70 cm above the ground. Its weight was 20 kg. Now scientists are trying to establish whether coffee trees have a positive effect on mushrooms, which contributes to their rapid growth.
Christian Terren discovered a raincoat in the forest, which struck with its size. This mushroom was found in Canada. In this country, a raincoat was first encountered, weighing 26 kg. It was discovered by accident, and immediately hit the pages of newspapers. Thanks to the place hidden from the eyes and favorable weather conditions the fungus was able to reach colossal proportions.
Biologists still cannot identify the type of fungus found in China's Yunnan province. This amazing creature had one leg and a lot of small hats that merged into one top. The diameter of such an unusual hat reached 1 m. Macromycete weighed 15 kg.
The real giant was found in the Italian province of Baria. A resident of one of the villages near the house came across a huge champignon. The weight of the find reached 14 kg. Careful examination showed that this giant is quite edible. The champignon was brought home by a lucky mushroom picker and cooked. Dishes from it were enough to arrange a small feast for the inhabitants of the house and their neighbors.
Another of the record holders was a huge raincoat, weighing 12 kg. This giant mushroom was found in the Perm region. But, according to biologists, larger raincoats are also found in Russia. According to unconfirmed data, micromycetes were detected, the weight of which reached 20 kg. The found mushroom was delivered to Perm University for study.
A place of honor among the largest mushrooms goes to the varnished tinder fungus. The giant was discovered by residents of the small Chinese town of Hezhou. The Chinese call this mushroom lingzhi. It has been used in alternative medicine for more than 2000 years for the preparation of healing potions. The weight of the find was 7.5 kg, and the diameter of this giant reached 107 cm.
Another mushroom of considerable size was discovered in Russia. A huge boletus was found by a resident of the Tomsk region. The hat of the discovered giant in diameter reached 36 cm. The stem of the mushroom towered 28 cm above the ground. The mushroom was edible and not damaged by worms. Weighing showed that the found giant weighs 2.4 kg.
After the rainy season, a young girl from England managed to find a huge raincoat. The diameter of the giant was 46 cm, and its weight was 2 kg. For rainy England, such huge mushrooms are not uncommon. True, they rarely grow to such sizes. Often forest animals feast on them or they fall into the baskets of mushroom pickers.
Scientists consider mushrooms to be the most diverse living creatures on our planet. There are so many of them that for each type of plant there are 6 species of mushrooms, with the most approximate calculation, it turns out that there are about 2 million species of mushrooms. They can be predators, move around, treat diseases...
At the same time, only 100 thousand have been studied, and even fewer have been classified.
fungi are a kingdom in their own right.
The long debate about what fungi are: plants or animals ended in 1960, when they were separated into a separate fungal kingdom. In terms of protein content, mushrooms are closer to animals, and in terms of the composition of carbohydrates and minerals, they are closer to plants.
most of the fungus is not visible to us.
The body of the fungus is a mycelium located in the ground. It can extend over great distances. And the fungus itself is a fruit intended for the implementation of the breeding program.
fungi are older than dinosaurs.
The fact that mushrooms existed 400 million years ago, that is, long before the advent of dinosaurs, has been proven. They are one of ancient inhabitants planets, along with ferns. But if the giant ferns, preserved from the same period, were significantly crushed, then the fungi, adapting, changed and, it seems, all these species still exist today.
mushrooms are very durable.
If mushrooms were less tenacious, they would not have retained their diversity. How tenacious they are can be imagined by anyone who has ever had a fungal infection or struggled with a fungal infection of the walls. It is extremely difficult to remove the fungus. Still would! Mushrooms survive at an altitude of 30 thousand meters above the ground, withstand high radiation (in the center of the Chernobyl accident, mushrooms survived) and a pressure of 8 atmospheres. They can even live on the surface of sulfuric acid!
mushrooms burn.
Surprisingly, mushrooms produce vitamin D, if, of course, they have enough sunlight. The color of the mushroom cap depends on this.
mushrooms move.
Not all, of course. Now only myxomycetes are classified as "walking" mushrooms. You can find them in middle lane Russia. This mushroom has no legs and in its appearance resembles a shriveled jellyfish. It is translucent and gelatinous. Moves by rolling from side to side. The speed is low, but it can get to a more suitable place in a few days, sometimes it even climbs onto a stump.
mushroom grows at the speed of bamboo.
IN Russian forests you can find a mushroom with the name "Vesyolka", which is included in the Guinness Book of Records as a record holder for growth rate. Every 2 minutes it grows by a centimeter! On the first day it looks like a grayish egg, on the second it becomes an umbrella on a high leg, and on the third it is no longer visible.
mushroom is the biggest Living being on the ground.
Don't believe? Very big White mushroom found in America (Wisconsin) in 1985. It weighed 140 kg and had a coverage of two meters. But, as we remember, this is only the visible part. A mycelium found in Oregon covers an area of 900 hectares and weighs several hundred tons! But in Switzerland, a mushroom was discovered at the age of about 1000 years - honey agarics. Its mycelium occupies 35 hectares of the area of the Swiss national park, Offenpass.
mushrooms are predators and killers.
Fungi feed on nematode worms, placing traps on them from mycelium rings. If the worm touches such a trap, it sticks to it and immediately becomes entangled in the threads of the mycelium. There is no chance to escape. Fungal spores can germinate inside living things. But if a person gets sick, then the caterpillar, for example, dies. And the fungus grows. One small pale grebe is enough to kill 4 people. But fly agarics will need a few pieces. Strong poisons were prepared from mushrooms and actively used to eliminate opponents. Emperor Claudius was poisoned by his wife Agrippina, who cooked soup from a pale toadstool.
mushrooms are healers.
Mushrooms have been used since ancient times as medicines. And now, in many homes, “tea” or “milk” mushroom grows in jars, a drink from which improves immunity and fights inflammatory diseases. In 1940, A. Flemming isolated penicillin from yeast fungi, opening the era of antibiotics. healing properties have champignons, purple rows, meadow and autumn mushrooms, milkman, chaga. And the skin of raincoats is used instead of adhesive tape - its inner part is sterile and has bactericidal properties.
most Russians eat mushrooms.
Half of the inhabitants of Russia collect mushrooms for food on their own. Every fifth buys them on the market. 16% - in the store. 14% of Russians have never eaten mushrooms and do not plan to do so.
mushrooms are a valuable nutritious product.
Mushrooms are a source of protein and, to a lesser extent, carbohydrates, while they do not contain cholesterol at all. By the way, precisely because mushrooms do not contain animal saturated fats, they cannot be classified as animals. In addition to protein and carbohydrates, mushrooms are rich in vitamins B1, B2, D, selenium, potassium and antioxidants.
mushrooms are hallucinogens.
Many mushrooms contain substances that cause a state of euphoria and hallucinations. Ancient shamans and Vikings knew this. Shamans used this property of mushrooms for rituals, and the Vikings - to give themselves courage and attack the enemy with all fearlessness and power.
billions of fungal spores fly through the air.
Fungi reproduce by spores. By taking air samples in almost any room, you can detect fungal spores. If we talk about traditional mushrooms, then ordinary champignon throws up to 40 million spores! Dung fungus - 100 million spores. The record holder is the raincoat mushroom, which throws out more than seven trillion spores! In this case, the spores are thrown over a distance of more than two meters and they fly at the speed of a car: 90 km / h or 25 meters per second.
the fungus can "pierce" the marble.
During the growth period, the pressure of the fungus reaches seven atmospheres (equal to the pressure in the tires of a dump truck). Therefore, a seemingly soft mushroom cap can break through not only asphalt and concrete, but also harder surfaces such as marble and iron. If the cap itself does not pass, then the mycelium will gradually destroy the barrier.
mushrooms above trees.
Such mushrooms grow in the tundra. The trees there are dwarf, 20-25 cm high and bend down to the ground. And mushrooms are standard, so they rise above the crowns of trees. It is interesting that they grow almost at once, in a hurry to have time to put out disputes during the short summer, and the view is very spectacular. Most of all, this period pleases deer, who are happy to eat the hats of these mushrooms.
mushrooms glow in the dark.
Some mushrooms have luminous mycelium. For example, autumn honey agarics growing on rotten stumps. At the same time, the mycelium penetrates the stump thickly. In the dark, you can see how the rotten glow - phosphorescent. This spectacle used to frighten people very much, who immediately populated the forest with witches and goblins. Interestingly, the flickering of such lights resembles the movement of living beings, as it changes with every tilt, every turn of the head.
mushrooms ladies and gentlemen.
It turns out that mushrooms are divided into male and female individuals. This is evidenced by the structure of fungal DNA, which resembles human sex chromosomes. This was reported by Joseph Heitman, who studies the fungi Phycomyces blakesleeanus in Medical Center Duke University. Sexually mature mushrooms can produce common offspring. Not all mushrooms have similar genes, which means that there are also evolving individuals among mushrooms, and who knows what such evolution will lead to.
mushrooms in legends, traditions and dream books.
It is interesting that in those places where mushrooms grow actively, including in Russia, many legends and legends with the participation of mushrooms are composed. At the same time, mushrooms can be good "Forest Mushroom" and evil: "Witch Mushroom". Mushrooms helped people survive in the forest.
The largest mushrooms in the world
If you ask people around, then to the question “What is the most big creature on Earth” almost everyone will answer that blue whale. This is even claimed by some scientists. But they are only partially right. Yes, the blue whale is a big animal. But the largest creature living on earth is a mushroom. In addition, it has been on the planet for several thousand years. In fact, mushrooms are amazing creatures of nature. They differ from animals in physiology and the lack of the ability to move independently, but from plants in that they do not take energy and carbon from carbon dioxide and sunlight. What's more, fungi tend to have chitin, which is found in invertebrates. Mushrooms are a huge kingdom of living beings Today, people know about one hundred thousand mushrooms, and some of them bring a lot of benefits to mankind. Here we should not forget about antibiotics and penicillin. Well, besides medicine, mushrooms are eaten. Almost all mushrooms grow in the form of a community of cells, which is collected in a thread of mycelium. And when they germinate into a plant, they can develop a pressure of 800 tons per square meter. And these same fungal threads play the role of the mouth and stomach of mushrooms. They release enzymes that break down potential food into components and eat the nutrients. It turns out that mushrooms grow inside the food they eat. By the way, when you cut a mushroom above the ground, there is still a whole mycelium under it. The mushroom picker is an invisible, but very large part of the fungus. Meanwhile, desperate botanists and the most sophisticated gourmets are in shock. The sizes to which mushrooms can grow can be so impressive that after what they see there are no questions. It is not known what factors can trigger the growth of fungi to unimaginable sizes. But it is clear that such anomalies are extremely rare, at least for today only a few cases are known.
Mushrooms can grow to incredible sizes Mushroom Monster For the first time about Armillaria giant mushrooms general public I only found out on April 2, 1992. One of the record holders was on the front page of the most popular New York Times newspaper. The publication described the find, according to reports, the interweaving of underground threads and ground mushrooms covered as many as 15 hectares of land. And all this was a single whole, which experts were able to prove. Armillaria - small mushrooms with a huge mycelium In the same year, another giant mushroom of the same species was found. It occupied a space of about 6 square kilometers. But even he did not become a real record holder. The largest mushroom on the planet grew in Malheur National Park in the state of Oregon in the city of Blue Mountains. "Mushroom" covered an area of 890 hectares, which is approximately 1220 football fields. Scientists even calculated how long it took him to grow so huge. It turns out that the age of the fungus is at least 2400 years old. It belongs to the species Armilaria ostoyae, and besides this, it is known as the honey mushroom. However, you definitely cannot make soup from such a record holder, since it is inedible. On the surface, the mushroom leaves only dead trees and small mushrooms, the rest is all underground.
The oldest mushroom in the world
giant mushrooms
But the largest edible mushroom was found by a certain Jean Guy Richard in Canada. In his basket was a unique raincoat (Calvatia gigantean). And he was really gigantic. The mushroom weighed exactly 22 kilograms and was 2.64 meters in circumference. A giant mushroom weighing 22 kg However, the Mexicans are really lucky. In the summer of 2007, a mushroom weighing about 20 kilograms and more than 60 centimeters long was found on coffee plantations in the Chiaps state of southeastern Mexico. It is noteworthy that he grew up right among the coffee trees. Another edible record holder found in Italy weighed 14 kilograms. It was discovered by Francesco Quito in the province of Bari. And it was a mushroom. To drag such a find home, the mushroom picker had to look for a car.
The biggest mushroom in Italy
Well, the previous giant mushroom was a truffle. True, he weighed a little less than his predecessors, only 7 kilograms. And the most interesting thing is that the people who found the mushroom did not find anything better than to fry and eat the find with their neighbors. And this is taking into account the fact that mushrooms in Italy are valued quite expensively, so the forest miracle could be sold at a profit. Another natural wonder met in the forests of Switzerland. Interesting fact, a huge mushroom turned out to be a simple honey agaric. Scientists were truly struck by its size, because no one had ever suspected before that such mushrooms as mushrooms could become giants. And in fact, the size of the mushroom can inspire respect. Its length is 800 meters and its width is about half a kilometer. With its size, honey agarics covered 35 hectares. In principle, his age is not small, according to the most conservative estimates, one thousand years.
The largest mushroom in the world
In 2011, there were reports that scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences on the island of Hainan found a mushroom weighing approximately 402-516 kilograms. Since then, it has been called the largest mushroom on the planet. Yu Cheng Dai and his colleagues made the discovery quite by accident. The company went on an expedition with one goal - to study the representatives of the kingdom of fungi in general, they were especially interested in those that, of course, are found in the forests of their native island. The largest mushroom in the world was found in China. It was Fomitiporia ellipsoidea The mushroom was assigned to the species Fomitiporia ellipsoidea, and its age was estimated at 20 years. Over the years, he managed to grow almost 11 centimeters long, 88 centimeters wide and 5 centimeters thick. The mushroom has an unprecedented volume - 409-535 thousand cubic centimeters. However, three years earlier, also in China, but on another island of Fujian, similar huge mushrooms were discovered, however, they were very different in size from their counterpart from Hainan.
Helpful Hints About Mushrooms
Never eat too many mushrooms (in any form). Although edible mushrooms are delicious, they still require good digestion; the best mushrooms, eaten in excess, can cause severe and even dangerous stomach upsets in people with weakened and improper digestion.
For aging mushrooms, before cooking them, you should always remove the lower layer of the cap: for agaric mushrooms - plates, for spongy mushrooms - a sponge, which in a ripe mushroom for the most part becomes soft and easily separated from the cap. Mature spores, contained in abundance in the plates and sponge of a ripe mushroom, are almost not digested.
Peeled mushrooms should be placed in cold water for 30 minutes to soak the sand and dry leaves adhering to them, and thoroughly washed 2-3 times, each time pouring fresh water. It is good to add a little salt to it - it will help get rid of the worms in the mushrooms.
There are fewer mushrooms in the shady wilderness than in patches lit by the sun.
Do not try raw mushrooms!
Do not eat overripe, slimy, flabby, wormy or spoiled mushrooms.
Beware of false mushrooms: do not take mushrooms with a brightly colored hat.
Mushrooms keep well if soaked for several hours in cold water, then cut off the contaminated parts of the legs, rinse in water with the addition of citric acid and boil in water with a small addition of salt to taste. After that, put the hot champignons together with the broth into glass jars, close (but do not roll up!) And store in a cool place (in the refrigerator). From these champignons you can cook various dishes and sauces.
Never pick or eat mushrooms that have a tuberous bulge at the base (like the red fly agaric) and don't taste them.
Be sure to boil the morels and stitches and rinse thoroughly with hot water.
Milky mushrooms should be boiled or soaked for a long time before salting or eating fresh.
Raw mushrooms float, cooked mushrooms sink to the bottom.
When cleaning fresh mushrooms, only the lower, contaminated part of the stem is cut off.
Remove the top skin of the cap from the oil.
In morels, the caps are cut off from the legs, soaked for an hour in cold water, washed thoroughly, changing the water 2-3 times, and boiled in salted water for 10-15 minutes. The decoction is not used for food.
Bouillons and sauces are prepared from porcini mushrooms; they are tasty in salted and pickled form. With any method of preparation, they do not change their inherent color and aroma.
Only a decoction of porcini mushrooms and champignons can be used. Even a small amount of this decoction improves any dish.
Boletus and boletus are not suitable for making soups, as they give dark broths. They are fried, stewed, salted and marinated.
Milk mushrooms and mushrooms are used mainly for salting.
Russula is boiled, fried and salted.
Honey mushrooms are fried. Small caps of these mushrooms are very tasty in salted and pickled form.
Chanterelles are never wormy. They are fried, salted and marinated.
Before stewing, the mushrooms are fried.
Mushrooms should be seasoned with sour cream only after they are well fried, otherwise the mushrooms will turn out boiled.
Mushrooms have such a delicate taste and smell that the addition of pungent spices to them only worsens their taste. They are the only mushrooms of their kind that have a light, slightly sour taste.
It is better to fill such primordially Russian food as mushrooms with sunflower oil. Everything is fried on it tubular mushrooms, as well as russula, chanterelles, champignons. They are filled with salted milk mushrooms and volnushki. Oil is poured into glass jars with pickled boletus and mushrooms, so that a thin layer of it protects the marinade from mold.
Do not leave fresh mushrooms for a long time, substances dangerous to health and even life appear in them. Sort right away and start cooking. As a last resort, put them in a colander, sieve or enameled pan and, without covering with a lid, refrigerate, but not more than for a day and a half.
Mushrooms picked in rainy weather spoil especially quickly. If you leave them in the basket for several hours, they will soften, become unusable. Therefore, they must be prepared immediately. But ready-made mushroom dishes cannot be stored for a long time - they will deteriorate.
So that the peeled mushrooms do not turn black, put them in salted water, add a little vinegar.
It is easy to remove the skin from russula if you first pour boiling water over them.
With butter before cooking, be sure to remove the film covered with mucus.
Spices are put in the marinade only when it is completely cleared of foam.
So that the marinade from boletus and boletus does not turn black, pour boiling water over them before cooking, hold in this water for 10 minutes, rinse, and then cook in the usual way.
So that the peeled champignons do not darken, they are placed in water slightly acidified with lemon or citric acid.
Be aware of the possibility of botulism and other bacterial diseases in case of violation of sanitary and hygienic requirements when canning mushrooms.
Do not roll up jars with pickled and salted mushrooms with metal lids; this can lead to the development of the botulinum microbe. It is enough to cover the jar with two sheets of paper - plain and waxed, tie tightly and put in a cool place.
It should be remembered that botulinum bacteria produce their own deadly dangerous toxin only with the most severe lack of oxygen (i.e. inside hermetically sealed cans) and at temperatures above +18 gr. C. When storing canned food at temperatures below +18 gr. With (in the refrigerator) the formation of botulinum toxin in canned food is impossible.
For drying, not old strong mushrooms are selected. They are sorted out and cleaned of adhering earth, but not washed.
In porcini mushrooms, the legs are cut off completely or partially so that no more than half remains. Dry them separately.
In boletus and boletus, the legs are not cut off, but the whole mushroom is cut vertically in half or into 4 parts.
All edible mushrooms can be salted, but most often only lamellar mushrooms are used for this, since tubular mushrooms become flabby when salted.
The marinade from boletus and boletus will not turn black if you pour boiling water over the mushrooms before cooking, soak in this water for 5-10 minutes, then rinse with cold water.
To make the marinade light and transparent, it is necessary to remove the foam during cooking.
Salted mushrooms cannot be kept warm, nor can they be frozen: in either case, they darken.
Store dry mushrooms in a sealed container, otherwise the aroma will evaporate.
If dried mushrooms crumble during storage, do not throw away the crumbs. Pound them into powder and store in a well-sealed container. glass jar in a dry, cool place. Mushroom sauces and broths can be prepared from this powder.
It is good to hold dried mushrooms for several hours in salted milk - they will become like fresh ones.
Dried mushrooms are much better absorbed if they are ground into a powder. From such mushroom flour, you can cook soups, sauces, add to stewed vegetables, meat.
Dried chanterelles are better boiled if you add a little baking soda to the water.
Stitches and morels must be boiled for 7-10 minutes before cooking, pour out the broth (it contains poison). After that, the mushrooms can be boiled or fried.
Boil chanterelles and valui before marinating in salted water for 25 minutes, put on a sieve and rinse. Then put in a saucepan, pour the required amount of water and vinegar, add salt and boil again.
Boil the mushrooms in the marinade for 10-25 minutes. Mushrooms are considered ready when they begin to sink to the bottom and the brine becomes clear.
Salted mushrooms are supposed to be stored in a cold place and at the same time make sure that mold does not appear. From time to time, the cloth and the circle with which they are covered should be washed in hot, slightly salted water.
Pickled mushrooms should be stored in a cool place. In case of mold, all the mushrooms should be thrown into a colander and washed with boiling water, then make a new marinade, boil the mushrooms in it and, putting them in clean jars, pour vegetable oil and cover with paper.
Dried mushrooms easily absorb moisture from the air, so they should be stored in a dry place in moisture-proof bags or tightly closed jars.
When salting mushrooms, do not neglect dill. Feel free to put it, marinating butterfish, salting russula, chanterelles, valui. But milk mushrooms, mushrooms, whites and volnushki are better to be salted without fragrant herbs. Their natural aroma is more pleasant than dill.
Don't forget the hell. Leaves and roots of horseradish, put in mushrooms, not only give them a spicy sharpness, but are reliably preserved without becoming sour.
Green twigs of blackcurrant give the mushrooms a flavor, and cherry and oak leaves - appetizing fragility and strength.
Most mushrooms are best salted without onions. It quickly loses its aroma, easily turns sour. Chop onions (you can also green) only in salted mushrooms and milk mushrooms, as well as in pickled mushrooms and mushrooms.
Bay leaf, thrown into boiling mushrooms and mushrooms, will give them a special flavor. Put in the marinade also a little cinnamon, cloves, star anise.
The largest living organism on the planet October 12th, 2015
This is a MUSHROOM, or rather, a dark mushroom mycelium (Armillaria ostoyae), which develops in forest reserve Malur in the US state of Oregon. The mycelium of this living creature covers an area of more than 880 hectares, and its age is estimated at 2.4 thousand years.
The largest living organism on the planet is sometimes called the Oregon monster or the monster mushroom, and not at all because of its gigantic size. The fact is that a giant mycelium, entangling the roots of trees, causes the death of the latter. And already many of the trees in the reserve have become victims of a huge mycelium. By the way, thanks to mass death trees and managed to calculate the giant.
Attracted by the history of tree death, biologists in 1998 were able to determine that the mushroom mycelium from Oregon is not separate clusters growing throughout the forest, but a giant integral living organism.
Previously, the largest living creature in the world was considered the mycelium of the dark mushroom, which grows in the state of Washington. Its size was estimated at 600 hectares.
It is possible that there are larger myceliums on our planet, the existence of which is still unknown to scientists.
And here is the story of its discovery:
This find was reported in the current issue of the Canadian journal Forest Research. "The fact that an organism like this has been growing in a forest for thousands of years really broadens our view of the forest ecosystem and how it works," said Dr. Katherine Parks, a pathologist at the US Department of Agriculture who led the study.
The researchers discovered this giant mushroom in the Malheur National Park, which covers an area of 590,000 hectares and consists of highland fields, pine forests and mountain lakes. This area lies at an altitude of 1200-2750 meters above sea level.
A single organism of such a large size has led to new insights into the role of fungi in forest ecology. It used to be believed that mushrooms like honey agaric grew in groups within the forest, visible from the air as ring zones of dead trees.
But when the researchers collected mushroom samples from an area of 9.65 square kilometers throughout the Oregon forest, during the course of the test it turned out that these were samples of the same mushroom. Scientists have estimated its age in the range from 2000 to 8500 years.
"It's a single organism that started out as a microscopic spore and then spread like a plant," Parks said. “If we could remove all the soil and look at what is left, then we would see only one big pile a single fungus with all its filaments of mycelium that permeate all the soil below the surface."
Researchers now believe that the fungus is part of a natural cycle of tree renewal and decline within forests and that it is often present in areas with little tree damage.
Our forestry should also think about this problem, since honey mushrooms grow throughout our strip of Russia. Apparently, the principle of distribution of all mushrooms is the same, regardless of their species and habitat. So when we go to the woods and collect mushrooms, perhaps we put them in our basket fruit bodies the same mushroom.
And here are some more options:
"Pando" is a clonal colony of aspen poplar (USA, Utah). As scientists have established, 47 thousand stems come from one once living poplar. All 47 thousand stems have a single root system and can be called a single organism, the mass of which is 6 thousand tons. The age of "Pando" is 80 thousand years (according to some estimates - up to a million years), which makes it one of the main candidates for the title of the longest-lived organism on the planet.
Clonal colony- This is a group of genetically identical individuals (plants, fungi, bacteria) that grew up in one place, multiplied vegetatively, and not sexually. In plants, an individual of such a population is called a ramet. In fungi, individuals develop from a common mycelium hidden in the soil. Clonal colonies are common in many plant species. Although some of them reproduce sexually through seeds, reproduction can be carried out in some cases through underground stolons and rhizomes. Above ground, these plants appear to be separate individuals, so clonal colonies are not always easy to recognize.
It is assumed that for most of his life Pando grew up in ideal conditions: Frequent fires have prevented its main competitor, the conifers, from colonizing, and climate change from humid to semi-arid has prevented the spread of seedlings and attendant competition from young poplars.
During severe fires, the organism survived thanks to the root system, throwing out new shoots on the ashes. Due to its age, Pando was born in a climate significantly different from today, and probably flowered in last time about ten millennia ago, according to an OECD report:
Clonal groups of P. tremuloides are very common in eastern North America, but usually occupy no more than 0.1 ha, while groups as large as 80 ha have been observed in Utah (Kemperman and Barnes 1976). According to some claims, seedlings have not spread in the western United States since the last glaciation, about 10,000 years ago (Einspahr and Winton 1976, McDonough 1985). In fact, some biologists believe that Western clones may be as old as 1 million years (Barnes 1966, 1975). A single clone, nicknamed "Pando" (Latin for "I spread"), has been claimed to cover 43 hectares, contain over 47,000 shoots, weigh over 6 million kg, and be the largest organism known (Grant et al. 1992, Mitton and Grant 1996) .
The clone covers 43 hectares (107 acres) and has about 47,000 trunks that die and are renewed from its roots. The trunks are connected to each other by the root system. Average age Pando's trunk (or rather, shoot) is 130 years old, as it became clear from the growth rings.
<…>Compared to Pando, the most widely accepted estimate of 80,000 years, according to the most accepted anthropological view, Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia and Oceania only 40,000 years ago, and to the Americas 10,000 years ago.”
Another candidate for the title of the longest-lived and largest clonal organism on Earth is a colony of oceanic Posidonia south of the island of Ibiza in the Mediterranean Sea. Clonal colony of oceanic Posidonia 8 km in size. across can be up to 100 thousand years old.
sources
http://www.nat-geo.ru/fact/41372-gigant-iz-oregona/
http://newsland.com/news/detail/id/1101406/
http://www.wolfnight.ru/forum/forum_theme.php?theme=1654&page=1
http://www.factroom.ru/facts/1461
Something else BIGGEST for you: here, and here The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -