Passive voice examples. Passive voice. The Passive Voice

To show that an action is carried out on an object/person, in English we use passive voice.

Look at the examples: “English is spoken in many countries. These machines are manufactured in Germany. This house is for sale."

In such sentences, the emphasis is not on who performs the action, but on what action is performed on the person/object. This is the passive (or passive) voice.

In this article we will look at the schemes for constructing the passive voice in the present tense in English -. We will look in detail at how to construct affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences.

In the article you will learn:

• Formation of the Passive Voice in Present Simple Time

What is passive (passive) voice in English

First, let's figure out what collateral is and why it is needed.

IN English pledge shows who performs the action:

• the person/object performs the action itself;
• a person/object experiences the action of another object.

In accordance with this, in English there are two types of collateral

• Active voice(Active voice)- actor performs the actions itself.

For example

• Passive voice(Passive voice) - the actor experiences the action of another person.

For example

The vase is broken. (The vase broke, but it didn’t break itself, but someone did it).

She is awakened by noise on the street. (She didn’t wake up on her own, but something woke her up.)

When do we use the passive voice?

Rules for using the passive voice in English

The most important thing to remember is that the passive voice is used when we talk about an action that is performed on a person/object.

The following cases of its use can be distinguished:

1. If we do not know who performed the action
For example: “Her wallet was stolen” (we don’t know who did it).

2. What matters to us is the action itself, not the person who performed it.
For example: “The watch is made in Switzerland” (it doesn’t matter to us who exactly made it).

3. If something unpleasant happened, but we don’t want to blame someone for it
For example: “The holiday is ruined” (we don’t want to say who exactly did it).

Now let's look at how to construct sentences in the passive voice in the simple present tense.

Present Simple Passive Voice in English

In the Present Simple we use the passive voice when we talk about an ordinary, regular, constant action, which is carried out on a person/object.

For example

Cheese is made from milk.
Mail is delivered every day.

Rules for constructing the passive voice in the Present Simple

The passive voice in the Present Simple is formed using:

• verb to be in the present tense (am, are, is);
• verb in the past tense.

There are regular and irregular verbs in English. Depending on the verb we:

• add ending -ed, if the verb is correct;
• we put it in the 3rd form if the verb is irregular.

The scheme for constructing the passive voice in the Present Simple will be as follows.

Object/person + am/are/is + 3rd form of irregular verb or regular verb ending -ed.

I	am
You		3rd form irregular verb or correct verb with ending -ed
We	are
They
He
She	is
It

Examples

The bread is baked every morning.
This bread is baked every morning.

Paper is made from wood.
Paper is made from wood.

These rooms are cleaned every day.
These rooms are cleaned every day.

Using by in the passive voice

If we want to indicate who did the action, we add preposition by. We put it at the end of the sentence, and after it comes the actor who performs the action itself.

The proposal outline will be as follows.

Object/person + am/are/is + 3rd form of an irregular verb or regular verb ending -ed + by + the one who performs the action.

Let's look at examples.

Our dinner is cooked by mom.
Mom cooks our dinner.

These jewels are made by Kate.
Kate makes these jewelry.

Using with in the passive voice

If we are talking about a tool with which an action is performed, we use preposition with. We put it at the end of the sentence, and after it comes the instrument.

A diagram of such a proposal.

Object/person + am/are/is + 3rd form of an irregular verb or regular verb ending -ed + with + a tool used to perform an action.

Examples

Bread is cut with a knife.
Bread is cut with a knife.

The pictures are drawn with a pencil.
These pictures are drawn with a pencil.

Negative Present Simple sentences in the passive voice

We can make the offer negative. To do this you need to put not after the verb to be.

Scheme of a negative sentence in Present Simple Voice

Object/person + am/are/is + not + 3rd form of irregular verb or regular verb ending -ed.

I	am
You			3rd form irregular verb or correct verb with ending -ed
We	are
They		not
She
He	is
It

Example sentences

The flowers are not watered
Flowers are not watered.

This car is not washed.
This car is not washed.

I am not invited.
I'm not invited.

Present Simple Interrogative Sentences in Passive Voice

To ask a question, we need to put the verb to be first in the sentence. The proposal outline will be as follows.

Am/are/is + object/person + 3rd form of irregular verb or regular verb ending -ed?

Am	I
	you	3rd form irregular verb or correct verb with ending -ed
Are	we
	they
	he
Is	she
	it

Examples

Is the house sold?
Is this house for sale?

Are the dogs walked by Tom?
Does Tom walk the dogs?

Now let's put the theory into practice. To do this, do an exercise on using the passive voice.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English. Leave your answers in the comments below the article.

1. These songs are listened to often.
2. She is not given gifts every day.
3. The phone is for sale.
4. Is the exam written with a pen?
5. Are these products made in China?
6. He is punished by his parents.

Today we will talk about one of the important topics when learning English - “Passive Voice”, the formation table of which raises many questions. This is a rather complex type of predicate. All times have their own formula, and we will look at each of them with examples. The very concept of voice (Passive Voice), the table, the rule of formation - this is what every person who wants to correctly express their thoughts in a foreign language should know.

The concept of collateral

Before moving specifically to the formulas for the formation of the passive voice in different tenses, you need to understand what the very essence of the voice is. Let's remember what voices exist in the English language. Here it is best to base your knowledge on the grammar of the Russian language, since there are certain similarities. So, there are two pledges:

1. Active Voice.
2. Passive Voice.

What is the difference? In active voice, the subject of the sentence is the active person, and the action is performed with his participation. (Mom washed the frame). The passive voice shows that the action is performed on a person or object. That is, the subject experiences a certain action and is not its performer. (The frame was washed by mom). It is important to use Passive Voice correctly. The table, examples and formulas help the user understand the difference in collateral at one time or another.

Features of the use of passive voice

One of the difficulties when using the passive voice for a Russian speaker is that we are basically completely focused on constructing sentences according to the norms of our native language. We must not forget that, unlike Russian, in English there is a fairly strict word order - first the subject, then the predicate. Thanks to it, you can navigate the objects and subjects of action. The Russian language has cases, which English cannot boast of. Passive Voice, the table of forms of which is proposed below, is based precisely on the strict order of constructing sentences. Let's look at this with an example:

• The man killed a gangster.- A man killed a bandit. In this case, the subject is “man”. He is the active person, which means that in the sentence we observe an active voice. We see this in the form of the verb.
• The man was killed by a gangster. - The man was killed by a bandit. In this sentence, the subject is also “man,” but he is no longer the actor, but, on the contrary, acts as the object of the action. Therefore, the predicate in a sentence is formed according to the rules of the passive voice. This is done in order to show: it was not a man, but a man who was killed.

The difficulty with such sentences is that we can express the idea in Russian in different ways. It is acceptable to use the phrase: “The bandits killed the man.” In such a sentence, “man” is no longer the subject, but becomes an object. In English, word order is unchanged, and the role of the subject remains with the "man". In order to avoid making a mistake, you need to analyze the members of the sentence not in the Russian version, but taking into account the construction of the phrase in English. Then you will clearly know which word serves as your subject and will be able to correctly evaluate and form the type of voice.

Passive Voice: Form Table

Let's consider all the variants of forms used in oral and writing in English. We remember that there are four groups of times:

• Indefinite.
• Continuous.
• Perfect.
• Perfect Continuous.

The last group of tenses does not use the passive form of the verb, which means it does not interest us today, but the first three almost all have a passive form. The basic formula of the voice we are interested in is the verb “to be” paired with the past participle (Participle II). We know that to be It has different shapes at every time. Accordingly, the formula changes along with the verb. As for Participle II, there are two options for education:

• We add endings to regular verbs - ed in accordance with spelling rules,
• irregular verbs are collected in a single table, where you need to take the ready-made participle form.

	Indefinite	Continuous	Completed (Perfect)
Present	am/is/are + Participle II	am being/is being/are being + Participle II	have been/has been + Participle II
Past	was/were + Participle II	was being/were being + Participle II	had been + Participle II
Future	will be + Participle II		will have been + Participle II

The passive voice is also not used in the future continuous tense. Now let's look at each formula with examples by group.

Passive voice during the Indefinite era

Passive Voice, the table of forms of which is given above, is most often used with verbs of the Indefinite tense group.

• The car is washed every day. - The car is washed every day.
• The man was called Hitch. - The man was called Hitch.
• Nelson will be asked to come. - Nelson will be asked to come.

All forms express a constant action that is happening in the present tense, has happened in the past or will take place in the future. But Passive Voice is used not only in simple indefinite tenses. The table shows us that there are other forms, for example in the group of Continuous tenses.

Passive voice in Continuous times

Continuous (or Long) tense means that an action occurs at some specific moment in the present or past tense. As already indicated, this form of passive does not apply in the future tense.

Passive voice during the Perfect era

There is another group of tenses that the Passive Voice table talks about. All tenses of a completed group mean that the action has already been completed, the result has been received, and it is visible either in the present tense, or was visible in the past, or will be observed in the future.

• The bed has been made already. - The bed has already been made (we see the result now).
• The bed had been made by 6 o’clock. - By 6 o’clock the bed was made (we already saw the result at 6 o’clock).
• The bed will have been made by the next morning.- The bed will be made by the next morning (we will see the result the next morning).

How correctly you use the form of the verb determines how the person with whom you are speaking in English will understand you.

The rules of the English language are such that at the beginning of a sentence there is usually a word indicating the object or person performing the action. For example:
I cook dinner every day.— I cook lunch every day.

The action is expressed in the active voice, that is, a person, in this case “I,” perform some action. The same idea can be expressed another way:
Dinner is cooked every day. — Lunch is prepared every day.

As you can see, the word “lunch” has formally taken the place of the subject, although “lunch” doesn’t do anything by itself. This sentence is written in the passive voice, in other words Passive Voice. In such a sentence, what matters is not who performs the action, but the action itself.

Rules for using the passive voice

When to use the passive voice?

1. When it is not known who or what is doing the action.
2. When the action itself is important, and not the person who performed it.

The passive voice is formed using the verb to be in the required form and the third form of the semantic verb.

The passive voice has several forms. In this lesson we will look at the forms of simple present, past and future tenses. Let's present the forms of the passive voice in the table:

To ask a question in the passive voice, just remember how the question is asked in the Present Simple tense, Past Simple and Future Simple. In the first two cases, the verb to be is placed before the subject, in the second - the auxiliary verb will. For example:
Is the letter sent?

Was the car washed?

Will the house be bought?

Negation is formed using the particle “not”: I won't be asked tomorrow.

If it is important for you to emphasize, by whom an action was performed, use a preposition by:
This book was written by Charles Dickens.— This book was written by Charles Dickens.

If after by you use a pronoun, it will be in the indirect case:
The tickets were bought by me.— The tickets were bought by me.

If it is important for you to indicate how an action is performed, use a preposition with:
Soup is eaten with a spoon.— Soup is eaten with a spoon.

By whom?	by
With what, with what?	with

Important! Modal verbs are often used in the passive voice. The proposal is structured as follows:
modal verb +be+V3

For example: It must be done tomorrow.

Important! Not all verbs can be used in the passive voice. These verbs include:

• to fly, to arrive
• to be, to become
• to have, to possess, to belong
• to come, to go, to last

The logical question is what to do if we want to express an action that has just ended or is ongoing this moment, using the passive voice. It's simple. The forms Present Perfect Passive and Present Continuous Passive will help you.

As you remember, with help. Present Perfect we express the result of an action, and Present Continuous describes the action taking place at the moment. The same thing can be expressed using the passive voice.

Compare several offers:

	ACTIVE VOICE	PASSIVE VOICE
Present Continuous	I am wash ing the car.	The car is being wash ed.
Present Perfect	I have wash ed the car.	The car has been wash ed.

As shown in the table, in the active voice the subject is a person, “I”, and in the passive voice the subject is taken by an object - “machine”. The passive voice form in both tenses is constructed using the verb to be and the verb in the third form, while the verb to be changes in accordance with the chosen tense form:

Present Continuous Passive	am/is/are + being + V3
Present Perfect Passive	have/has + been + V3

As you can see, in the passive voice the Continuous form is expressed using the verb be with the ending ing, and the Perfect form is expressed by the auxiliary verb have and the verb be in the third form.

Passive voice signal words

Important! The choice of the desired form of the passive voice will be prompted by the same signal words that are used with forms of the active voice. Let's look at a few examples:
The windows are being clean ed at the moment.

The football match is being play ed next Sunday.

The door has just been paint ed.

The cake hasn't been eaten yet.

As you can see, all signals are valid for both active and passive voices. And their place in the sentence is governed by the rules you already know.

To ask a question in Present Perfect Passive or Present Continuous Passive, you need to change the order of the words in the sentence, for example:
Are you being followed?

What has it been made of?

Lesson assignments

Task 1. Open the brackets using Passive Voice.

1. The car (not/sell) yesterday.
2. The ceiling (paint) next week.
3. The paper (buy) by my father every week.
4. A new house (build) here next year.
5. much money (spend) yesterday in the shop?
6. My clothes usually (iron) by my mother.
7. Your article (publish) last month.
8. The door (not/open).

Task 2. Translate.

1. The shop is closed.
2. Everyone trusts him.
3. When will the film be shown?
4. Yesterday the children were taken to the zoo.
5. The song was not sung.
6. Has your bag been stolen?
7. They didn't tell me anything.
8. Museums are visited by many people.

Task 3. Open the brackets using Present Perfect Passive or Present Continuous Passive

1. Jeanette usually goes to school, but this month she (teach) at home.
2. The problem just (solve).
3. I can't find my purse. I think, it (steal).
4. A very good job recently (offer) to my brother.
5. You breakfast still (cook).
6. The office (repair) at the moment.
7. You ever (bite) by a dog?
8. The new bridge (build) at the moment.

Task 4. Change the sentences using the passive voice.

1. I have already sold my flat.
2. She is writing a letter.
3. I buy bread every day.
4. He will repair the bike.
5. Is she using a computer at the moment?
6. Someone broke the window.
7. Mom has ironed my shirt.
8. You can buy cheese in any supermarket.

Answer 1.

1. wasn't sold
2. will be painted
3. is bought
4. will be built
5. Was much money spent…
6. are usually ironed
7. was published
8. isn't open

Answer 2.

1. The shop is closed.
2. He is trusted by everyone.
3. When will the film be shown?
4. The children were taken to the Zoo yesterday.
5. The song wasn't sung.
6. Was your bag stolen?
7. I was told nothing./I wasn’t told anything.
8. Museums are visited by many people.

Answer 3.

1. is being taught
2. has just been solved
3. has been stolen
4. has recently been offered
5. is still being cooked
6. is being repaired
7. Have you ever been…
8. is being built

Answer 4.

1. My flat has already been sold.
2. A letter is being written.
3. Bread is bought every day.
4. The bike will be repaired.
5. Is the computer being used at the moment?
6. The window has been broken.
7. My shirt has been ironed.
8. Cheese can be bought in any supermarket.

Comparing English with Russian, one can notice that some grammatical features and structures have much in common and are used in the same situations. Thus, the linguistic structure of English includes some grammatical phenomena and categories, in particular, the division into voices - active and passive (they are also called active and passive voice, respectively). If the situation with the active voice is clear, then for the passive form it is necessary to give some explanations and describe why such a construction is used.

What is Passive Voice

If we define the active voice, then we can say that most sentences belong here, since the passive is used less often. - this is a situation where the subject of a sentence is an independent performer of an action. Unlike the active, the passive voice in English is a grammatical construction associated primarily with the verb form and showing that the action is not performed by the subject itself; the subject undergoes the action rather than performs it. To put it simply, active and passive voice in English differ in that in the first the performer does something himself, and in the second he does not.

To clearly demonstrate how this looks in the language, it is worth giving examples of sentences that compare these two types of voice:

• · He buys meet at the market every Saturday – Every Saturday he buys meat at the market(the subject, i.e. “he”, is the independent performer of the action)
• · Meat is bought at the market every Sunday – Meat is bought at the market every Saturday(the subject, i.e. “meat,” cannot be an independent performer; the action is performed not by him, but on him)

How is Passive Voice formed?

Comparing Active and Passive Voice, you can notice the difference in the forms of the same time. The formation of the passive voice is impossible without the presence of two important grammatical factors:

1. Auxiliary verb to be, used in the form of the required tense – am, is, are, was, were, been, will be.

2. The form of the semantic verb in Passive Voice must necessarily be in, or, more simply put, be the third, if you refer to the table irregular verbs(if the verb is regular, the ending will be simply –ed).

This order is typical for almost all types of tense forms.

Note: upon education, any Continuous forms the presence of the verb to be is also required, but here the form of the verb will be being, since otherwise it will not be possible to show the duration.

• Finally his name was called and he stepped forward - In the end, his name was called and he stepped forward
• She saw that the test had been changed and felt fear - She saw that the test was changed and felt fear
• He felt with satisfaction that he was being stared at - He noted with satisfaction that they were looking at him

Questions in Passive Voice

Questions in the passive voice are formed quite standardly. Here the rules are the same as in the active voice, where interrogative sentences: the initial position in the sentence will be taken by the auxiliary verb of the required tense (if it is not there, then to be is brought forward in the appropriate form). The subject must come next, followed by the rest of the passive form and other minor members offers. Interrogative sentences in the passive voice look like this:

• Have you already been asked to come? – Have you already been asked to come?
• Was he invited to the party yesterday? – Was he invited to a party yesterday?

Negative sentences in the passive voice

The Passive Voice with negation is also simple in its formation: the standard particle not is added to the auxiliary verb (the verb to be, if the main verb is missing), and this rule is valid for all forms of the passive:

• He will not be allowed to use this car without my permission - He will not be allowed to use this car without my permission
• The juice hasn’t been drunk yet, there is some more left - The juice hasn’t been drunk yet, there is a little left

Verbs for Passive Voice

Despite its apparent simplicity, the passive voice in English cannot be used with all verbs. As a rule, verbs in transitive or, as they are also called, causative form are awarded such a privilege.

Transitivity English verb it is explained simply: if a word expressing an action can be given an addition, direct or indirect, then it is called transitive. Examples of such verbs are bring, eat, open, come, call and many others. If this cannot be done, then the verb is called intransitive and usually does not appear in Passive Voice (sit, fly, jump, live, etc.).

Note: in some cases the passive is formed even with intransitive verbs, but in this case it is usually accompanied by a preposition:

• At last an agreement was come at - In the end, they came to an agreement
• When a boy, he was often laughed at, but later everything changed - When he was a boy, he was often laughed at, but later everything changed
• When he was called for, he didn’t want to answer - When he was called, he didn’t want to answer

Modal Verbs and Passive Voice

The passive voice is formed even easier than with all the others. Since modal verbs can also have a passive form, there is a special case of use with them, but it does not pose any complexity, because here after the modal it is enough to add be and put the main verb following it in the Participle II form. In practice, modal verbs in this form are used quite often, and for such use of Passive Voice, examples can be as follows:

• The work must be done immediately - The work must be done immediately
• This text can not be translated without your help – This text cannot be translated without your help

Features of some temporary forms in Passive Voice

As mentioned above, the tense system provides for passive constructions in English, which are used freely and much more often than in Russian. However, it is worth noting that not all tenses can be in the passive form, and this is important to consider when using this grammatical structure in speech and writing. For this purpose, Passive Voice has a table that shows the basic Passive formulas and indicates those cases when their use is impossible.

Time table in Passive Voice:

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Past	was/were + V(3)	was/were + being + V(3)	had + been + V(3)	–
Present	am/is/are +	am/is/are + being + V(3)	have/has + been + V(3)	–
Future	will be + V(3)	–	will have + been + V(3)	–

There is a completely logical explanation for this: tenses of the category Perfect Continuous, and also the passive voice is not formed in English, since their structure contradicts the norms for the formation of the passive, because they are already supplemented by the verb to be in its original or third form. This means that it will no longer be possible to supplement the construction with anything, since the grammar prohibits this.

Prepositions for Passive Voice

Unlike Active Voice, Passive Voice is often used with prepositions, and this is typical not only for intransitive verbs. Sometimes there is a need to show who or with the help of which the action was performed. There are two standard prepositions here: by (expresses the performer, or agent) and with (expresses the instrument, which is called instrument).

Note: the statement that by is used only with animate nouns, and with is used with inanimate nouns is erroneous, and several situations with examples can confirm this:

• When he went for a walk to the mountains he was hit by a stone - When he went for a walk to the mountains, he was hit by a stone(the stone was not used as a tool or tool, everything happened by accident)
• The police note that the murder victim was struck with a stone – The police note that the murder victim was hit with a stone(the stone was used as a tool, using it purposefully)

Following the instructions described above will make it easy to distinguish between active and passive voice in English and will not cause inconvenience in forming the desired form.

If you are interested in this topic, then you are probably already familiar with the extensive system of English tenses. In this language there are 12 temporal aspects, each of which expresses certain circumstances of the commission of actions. In turn, the grammatical concept of active and passive voice in English is associated with aspects of time. Today we will find out what it is fundamental difference these categories, how they are formed and whether they can be used interchangeably.

The voice of a verb in English is designed to express the relationship between the subject, the object and the actions performed.

Most often, speech structures carry information that a specific person is performing actions on an object.

• Oleg is repairing my car now – Olegmendsminecar.

In this case, the actor is expressed by the subject, and the object of the action is expressed by the complement. This is a typical combination of active voice, because the emphasis is on the performer.

But sometimes there are situations in which the object plays the main role, and the character is in the background or is not indicated at all. In this case, the addition actually takes on the functions of the subject.

• Mycaris being repaired now – My car is being repaired now.

This construction is a clear example of passive voice, because in the center of attention is an object that does not perform actions itself, but is subject to someone else’s influence. Notice how the behavior of an English verb changes depending on the voice used. In the following sections we will dwell on this issue in detail and analyze the grammatical aspects of education verb forms English language, and also find out whether there are situations that can be expressed only by one specific voice.

Active and passive voice in English - comparative tables and examples

To understand the meaning of active and passive voice, as well as to understand the difference between them, we will compile two tables with construction formulas and examples.

Formation of the active voice

If you have worked through the entire tense system of the English language, then you are already very familiar with the active voice. It includes proposals of any aspect, provided that in them the main person independently performs the actions. In other words, the standard structure is used: subject (the subject performing the action) + predicate (the active form of the verb) + object (the object to which the action is directed).

Let's remember how the active voice is formed and give examples of sentences. For convenience, we divide the tabular material into three groups of times.

Active voice
Aspect	Statement	Negation	Question
Present tenses
Simple	infinitive (for 3rd person inf. + s(- es) My friend writes fairy tales for children. My friend writes fairy tales for children. They write tests every Friday. They write tests every Friday.	don’t / doesn’t + inf . My friend doesn't write fairy tales for children. My friend doesn't write fairy tales for children. They don't write tests every Friday. They don't write tests every Friday.	Do / does + inf . ? Does your friend write fairy tales for children? Does your friend write fairy tales for children? Do they write tests every Friday? Do they write tests every Friday?
Continuous	am/are/is + pruch . I (-ing form ) Now I am cooking pancakes. NowII'm cookingpancakes. We are doing a school newspaper now. We are running a school newspaper.	am/are/is + not + pruch . I (-ing form ) Now I am not cooking pancakes. I'm not making pancakes now. We are not (aren’t) doing a school newspaper now. We don't run a school newspaper.	am/are/is + pruch . I (-ing form )? Are you cooking pancakes now? YouNowyou're cookingpancakes? Are we doing a school newspaper now? Are you making a school newspaper now?
Perfect	has/have + pruch . II (past participle) She has already solved this problem. She has already solved this problem. You have already cleaned these rooms. You've already cleaned these rooms.	has/have + not + pruch . II (past participle) She has not (hasn’t) solved this problem yet. She hasn't solved this problem yet. You have not (haven’t) cleaned these rooms yet. You haven't cleaned these rooms yet.	has/have + pruch . II (past participle)? Has she solved this problem already? Has she already solved this problem? Have you cleaned these rooms already? Have you cleaned these rooms yet?
Perfect Continuous	has/have + been + ??? . I (-ing form ) I have been writing I'm writing mine homework It's already half an hour. She has been waiting for me for ten minutes. She waited for me for 10 minutes.	has/have + not + been + besides . I (-ing form ) I haven't been writing my homework for half an hour. I don't write my homework for half an hour. She hasn't been waiting for me for ten minutes. She didn't wait 10 minutes for me.	has/have + been + ??? . I (-ing form )? Have you been writing your homework for half an hour? Have you been writing your homework for half an hour? Has she been waiting for you for ten minutes? Shewaitedyou10 minutes?
Past Tenses
Simple	inf. + — ed or second form cont. Ch. My friend wrote fairy tales for children. My friend wrote fairy tales for children. They wrote tests every Friday. They wrote tests every Friday.	didn't + inf . My friend didn't write fairy tales for children. My friend didn't write fairy tales for children. They didn't write tests every Friday. They didn't write tests every Friday.	Did + inf . ? Did your friend write fairy tales for children? Your friend wrote fairy tales for children? Did they write tests every Friday? Did they write tests every Friday?
Continuous	was/were + pruch . I (-ing form ) At 8 a.m. I was cooking pancakes. At 8 am I was making pancakes. We were doing a school newspaper at 4 p.m. At 4 o'clock we made the school newspaper.	was/were + not + pruch . I (-ing form ) At 8 a.m. I was not (wasn’t) cooking pancakes. I didn't make pancakes at 8 am. We were not (weren’t) doing a school newspaper at 4 p.m. At 4 o'clock we didn't make the school newspaper.	was/were + pruch . I (-ing form )? Were you cooking pancakes at 8 p.m.? Were you making pancakes at 8 am? Were you doing a school newspaper at 4 p.m.? Did you make the school newspaper at 4 o'clock?
Perfect	had+ pruch . II (past participle) By the time she had solved this problem. By then she had solved the problem.	had+ not + besides . II (past participle) By the time she had not (hadn’t) solved this problem yet. By that time, she had not yet solved this problem.	had+ pruch . II (past participle)? Had she solved this problem by the time? Had she solved the problem by then?
Perfect Continuous	had + been + besides . I (-ing form ) I had been writing my homework since 5 o'clock. I was writing my homeworkfrom 5 o'clock.	had + not + been + besides . I (-ing form ) I hadn't been writing my homework since 5 o'clock. I haven't written my homework since 5 o'clock.	had + been + besides . I (-ing form )? Had you been writing your homework since 5 o'clock? Have you been writing your homework since 5 o'clock?
Future Tenses
Simple	will + inf . My friend will write fairy tales for children. My friend will write fairy tales for children.	will + not + inf . My friend will not (won’t) write fairy tales for children. My friend won't write fairy tales for children.	will + inf . Will your friend write fairy tales for children? Your friend will write fairy tales for children?
Continuous	will + be + pruch . I (-ing form ) I will be cooking pancakes at this time. I will cook pancakes at this time.	will + not + be + pruch . I (-ing form ) I won't be cooking pancakes at this time. I won't cook pancakes at this time.	will + be + pruch . I (-ing form ) Will you be cooking pancakes at this time? Will you be making pancakes at this time?
Perfect	will + have + and . II (past participle) She will have solved She will solve this problem by 7 o'clock tomorrow.	will + not + have + and . II (past participle) She won't have solved this problem by 7 o’clock tomorrow. She won't solve this problem by 7 o'clock tomorrow.	will + have + and . II (past participle)? Will she have solved this problem by 7 o’clock tomorrow? Will she solve this problem by 7 o'clock tomorrow?
Perfect Continuous	will + have + been + and . I (-ing form ) I will have been writing my homework from 5 to 6 o’clock. I will write my homework from 5 to 6 o'clock.	will + not + have + been + and . I (-ing form ) I won't have been writing my homework from 5 till 6 o’clock. I won't write my homework from 5 to 6 o'clock.	will + have + been + and . I (-ing form ) Will you have been writing your homework from 5 till 6 o’clock? Will you write your homework from 5 to 6 o'clock?

As can be seen from the table, when an active predicate is formed, both auxiliary words and action verbs undergo changes.

The active voice is used much more often than the passive voice, and unlike the latter, it is used with all types of verbs.

Formation of the passive voice

After you have mastered all the active forms, you can move on to studying the passive voice and its speech structures in English.

The passive type of predicate is not common, but in some situations its use is necessary. Passive voice is used in situations where:

• Performer unknown;
• It is incorrect to name the culprit of the events;
• The result of actions is important, not the performer;

In terms of semantic construction, the active and passive voice in English are diametrically opposed. Sentences in the passive voice are based on the following scheme: subject (the object of someone’s actions) + predicate (passive verb) + object with a preposition (the performer of the action or the means of labor).

Let's look at how affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences are formed in the passive voice. A grammar table will help us understand general formulas and consider examples of passive voice. For comparison, it contains the same sentences as in the active voice.

Passive voice
Aspect	Statement	Negation	Question
Present
Simple	am/are/is + ??? . II (past participle) This fairy tale is written by my friend. This fairy tale was written by my friend. These tests are written by us every Friday. We write these tests every Friday.	am/are/is + not + ??? . II (past participle) This fairy tale isn't written . Thisfairy taleNotwritten. These tests aren't written by us every Friday. We don't write these tests every Friday.	am/are/is + ??? . II (past participle)? Is this fairy tale written by your friend? Was this story written by your friend? Are these tests written every Friday? Are these tests written every Friday?
Continuous	am/are/is + being + pruch . II (past participle) Pancakes are being cooked now. PancakesNowgetting ready. The school newspaper is being done now. The school newspaper is currently being made.	am/are/is + not + being + pruch . II (past participle) Pancakes aren't being cooked now. PancakesNowNotgetting ready. The school newspaper isn't being done now. The school newspaper is not being made now.	am/are/is + being + pruch . II (past participle)? Are pancakes being cooked now? PancakesNowgetting ready? Is the school newspaper being done now? The school newspaper is now being made?
Perfect	have/has + been + besides . II (past participle) The problem has been already solved . Thisproblemalreadyresolved. The rooms have been cleaned . The rooms have been cleaned.	have/has + not + been + besides . II (past participle) The problem hasn't been solved yet. This problem has not yet been resolved. The rooms haven't been cleaned yet. The rooms have not been cleaned yet.	have/has + been + besides . II (past participle)? Has the problem has been solved ? Is this problem resolved? Have the rooms been cleaned already? Are the rooms already cleaned?
Past
Simple	was/were + ??? . II (past participle) This fairy tale was written by my friend. This fairy tale was written by my friend. These tests were written by us every Friday. We wrote these tests every Friday.	was/were + not + ??? . II (past participle) This fairy tale wasn't written by my friend. This fairy tale was not written by my friend. These tests weren't written every Friday. These tests were not written every Friday.	was/were + ??? . II (past participle)? Was this fairy tale written by your friend? Was this story written by your friend? Were these tests written every Friday? Were these tests written every Friday?
Continuous	was/were + being + ??? . II (past participle) Pancakes were being cooked . Pancakeswere preparing. The school newspaper was being done at that moment. The school newspaper was just being created at that moment.	was/were + not + being + ??? . II (past participle) Pancakes weren't being cooked at that moment. At that moment the pancakes were not cooking. The school newspaper wasn't being done at that moment. The school newspaper was not being made at that time.	was/were + being + ??? . II (past participle)? Were the pancakes being cooked at that moment? Were the pancakes being prepared at that moment? Was the school newspaper being done at that moment? Were they making a school newspaper at that moment?
Perfect	had + been + ??? . II (past participle) The problem had been solved by that time.	had + not + been + ??? . II (past participle) The problem hadn't been solved by that time. By then the problem was solved.	had + been + ??? . II (past participle)? Had the problem has been solved ? The problem was solved?
Future
Simple	will + be + ??? . II (past participle) This fairytale will be written by my friend. This fairy tale will be written by my friend.	will + be + ??? . II (past participle) This fairytale won't be written by my friend. This fairy tale will not be written by my friend.	will + be + ??? . II (past participle)? Will this fairytale be written by your friend? Will this fairy tale be written by my friend?
Perfect	will + have + been + pruch . II (past participle) The problem will have been solved . The problem will be solved.	will + not + have + been + pruch . II (past participle) The problem won't have been solved . The problem will not be solved.	will + have + been + and . II (past participle)? Will the problem have been solved ? The problem will be solved?

Passive tenses are formed by changing the form of the auxiliary to be, without affecting the action verb at all.

Note that not all verbs are used in the passive voice in English: passive predicates are formed only by transitive verbs, i.e. verbs that require an object. In addition, the passive voice is not used in aspects perfect continuous and does not have constructions of the simple continuum of the future tense. Thus, only 8 time aspects are available to him.