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Offers with will shall. Surprise, bewilderment or indignation. Forms and grammatical features

The English language is rich in modal verbs. They differ from ordinary ones in that they cannot be used without a semantic verb, since they do not have an independent meaning. One of the auxiliary words is should.

Basic meaning of the verb

The modal verb should is usually translated into Russian as “should”, “should”. It is often used in cases where moral duty is involved. Or our interlocutor wants to give us advice, a recommendation, in this case we will also hear in his sentence a construction with this modal verb.

Like other modal verbs, the modal verb should in English language does not change by gender and number. Whether you mean the future tense or the present, the meaning will be the same. This verb will be translated in exactly the same way: “should”, “should”. The meaning of a phrase or sentence with the modal verb should can change depending on the context in which it is used. For example, the speaker can use it to express advice, wishes, and maybe reproach.

You should have called me earlier. She's already gone.- You should have called me earlier. She's already gone.
Mike should take care of his children.- Mike should take care of his children.
You should not work till midnight. You shouldn't have worked until midnight.
I guess that Martha should be more polite when talking to Jake.- I think Martha should have been more polite when talking to Jake.

Modal verb should: difference in usage depending on tense

It should also be noted that in Russian speech, unlike English, similar phrases can be referred to any time, the phrases “should”, “should” will also be used.

However, in English, depending on the tense, different constructions will be used. If we are talking about an action in the present tense or the future tense, then this modal verb is used with the infinitive. When talking about the past tense, then the modal verb should is used with the Perfect Infinitive. Let's look at this difference with a few specific examples:

She should visit a doctor at least in a month. She should see a doctor at least in a month.
She shouldn't have visited him yesterday. He was really upset with her behavior at the party. She shouldn't have come to him yesterday. He was very upset by her behavior at the party.

Use of should have

Sometimes the modal verb should is used as part of special constructions. For example, should have can be used when talking about events that took place in the past tense. At the same time, these events should have happened, but for some reason this did not happen. In this case, it must be taken into account that after this construction, the Past Participle is used.

I should have told Jim the truth.- I should have told Jim the truth.
Jessika should have sent Mary the letter about this situation. Jessica should have sent Mary a letter about this situation.
You should have visit your old aunty. She felt bad.“You should have visited your old aunt. She felt bad.

When is the phrase shouldn`t have used?

The modal verb should in this construction is used in cases where it is necessary to suggest that an event has not yet occurred.

Mark shouldn't have left the office yet. I will call him. Mark wasn't supposed to leave the office yet. I'll call him.
She shouldn't have taken the medicine yet. She hasn't had to take her medicine yet.

Should or had better?

It is necessary to note one more feature of the use of the modal verb should in English. It can be used as an auxiliary in those sentences where general advice is given.

If the speaker wants to give a recommendation in a particular situation, it is better to use the combination had better. Moreover, if this advice is not heeded, it will entail dangerous consequences. Consider a few examples for a comparative analysis of those cases in which these structures are used.

People should keep their promises.- People must keep their promises.
Every student should read this book.- Every student should read this book.
Lucy had better go home. Lucy would have been better off going home.
I had better give him a chance tomorrow.- I'd better give him a chance tomorrow.
You had better be silent.- You'd better shut up.

Other features of the use of the modal verb should in English

In the future tense, the phrase had better is not used. The verb should is needed here:

People should unplug TV-set before they sweep the dust off it.- Switch off the TV before cleaning the dust off it.

The negative form had better is not used. The verb should is also needed here:

You shouldn`t sweep the dust off the TV set without unplugging it first.- You shouldn't have dusted the TV without unplugging it first.

You had better unplug the TV-set before you sweep the dust off it.- It's better to turn off the TV before dusting it.

The use of modal verbs shall and should: is there a difference?

When is it necessary to use the verb shall in speech, and when - should? What is the difference between these words and their role in the construction English sentence? And in general, many have heard that in reality the verb shall has long been outdated and no one uses it. Let's take a look at what the meaning of this verb is.

As for shall, at present it is really not used to refer to an action that is planned in the future. It is used as a modal verb, although at the same time its meaning carries a certain shade of the future.

Shall I do this job?- Shall I do this job?
Shall I help you?- Help me?
Shall I write the text down?- Shall I write down the text?

This modal verb gives a particularly polite sound to the statement. However, it may have another meaning. If it is used to refer to a person or group of people, it can carry the meaning of a threat or a warning.

You shall regret this action. You will regret this action.

As for the use of this verb with pronouns, it can carry the meaning of a firm promise, assurance:

I shall achieve this goal.- I will achieve this goal.

It is also used in sentences and phrases meaning hopelessness:

I shall do it.- I will do it (I have no other choice)

Importance of Distinguishing Two Modal Verbs

So, the verb shall differs from the verb should in its meaning. In fact, in modern English it is practically not used anymore: as practice shows, most often this verb is used in sentences to do something for your interlocutor, to help. The remaining uses of the modal verb shall refer to older texts. Use of the verbs shall and should is necessary in cases where it is justified by the situation. If these verbs are mixed up, the sentence will carry a completely different meaning.

To distinguish the verb shall from should, the latter should be remembered: it is used mainly for advice and recommendations. Often they are unobtrusive and friendly connotation. With the help of this modal verb, the interlocutor can express his opinion on any issue.

The second meaning of the verb should is an obligation, but in this case its meaning is not as expressive as, for example, in the modal verb must. Unlike must, the use of should leaves the interlocutor with the final choice. The modal verb must does not imply the possibility of disobedience - it is impossible not to follow these instructions.

It is known that in reality the verb should is a past tense form of the verb shall. In this sense, it is practically not used now - this happens in rare cases when coordinating times. As modal verbs, shall and should have completely different semantic functions.

The verbs will and shall, as a rule, are used to form the future tense: in the 1st person singular, shall is used, and will in all other cases.

Simply put, if your sentence uses the pronoun I (me) or We (we) as the subject, then you should use the verb shall.

This rule can be illustrated with a table:

But it is important to know that this rule is outdated, in modern English, the verb shall is not used at all to form the future. In all persons, the verb will is used. And you need the verb shall only for reading old tests.

Building the future tense in English

An affirmative sentence in the future tense is built according to the following scheme:

Subject + auxiliary verb will or shall + main verb infinitive + everything else.

In negative sentences, the scheme is similar, just after the auxiliary verb will / shall, a particle not is placed. To build an interrogative sentence, you need to move the auxiliary verb to the beginning of the sentence.

I will go for a walk.
I will go for a walk. (Modern version with the verb will)

I shall go for a walk.
I will go for a walk. (Obsolete version with the verb shall)

He will go for a walk.
He will go for a walk.

She will not live in this city.
She will not live in this city.

Will you sell your house?
Are you going to sell your house?

Short form of verbs will/shall

The British love to cut everything. Short forms of phrases with verbs will/shall are given in the table:

Other meanings of the verb shall

And yet there are a number of rare cases in which the verb shall is used even in modern English. These are the cases:

If you are asking a question with You as the subject (2nd person) and you expect the answer to be in the future tense. For example.

Shall are you going to school tomorrow?
You go to school tomorrow.

Yes, I shall. (No, I shall not.)
Yes, I go. (No I'm not going.)

In the second and third person to express the speaker's firm intention. For example:

He shall come here.
He will come here. (I'm pretty sure he'll come here.)

In the second and third person in sentences expressing an order. For example:

Each visitor shall present a passport.
Each visitor must present a passport.

We continue to study modal verbs. Today you will learn all about the verb should. I want to remind you that you can remember the rules only in one case: when you use them. Be sure to complete the task after the article, and I will definitely check it.

In this article we will consider: in what situations we use this verb, schemes for the formation of all types of sentences and examples for them.

Usage rules and translation of the verb should

The verb should is translated as "should/should". However, this verb is not as strict as must . When we say should, the action does not have to be performed. It's more of a recommendation on what to do.

We use it in the following cases:

1. If we give advice to someone or ask for advice.
For example: You should start running in the morning.

He should go to this party tonight.
He should go to this party tonight.

What should I do this time?
What do I need (should) do this time?

2. If we want to say how to do something right.
For example: If you want to learn a language, you should study every day.

She should come on time.
She should be on time.

They should talk calmly to each other.
They should talk calmly to each other.

3. Used to say what would have been right or sensible but hasn't been done.
For example: You should have called the police.

You should have told Tom he was wrong.
You should have told Tom that he was wrong.

We should have eaten something this morning.
We should have eaten something this morning.

4. Used in official orders, instructions and contracts.
For example: In case of fire, use the stairs.

Passengers should board the train now.
Passengers should take the train now.

Customers should pay for purchases at the checkout.
Customers must pay for their purchases at the checkout.

Affirmative sentences with the verb should

To say that someone should do something, we simply put should after actor. The educational scheme will be as follows:

The one about whom in question+ should + action

I
You
We		dance
They	should	write
She		cook
He
It

Examples:

You should look this word up in a dictionary.
You should look up this word in the dictionary.

They should stay at home today.
They should stay at home today.

Negative sentences with the verb should

In negation, we are saying that someone should not do something. That is, these things are not right or reasonable.

Should does not require auxiliary verbs, not is added immediately to should. The curriculum will be like this:

The person in question + should + not + action

I
You
We			dance
They	should	not	write
She			cook
He
It

Examples:

She should not go alone.
She shouldn't be walking alone.

You should not break your promise.
You shouldn't break your promises.

Reduction:

When negated, we can reduce the particle not.
should + not = shouldn't

Interrogative sentences with the verb should

When we ask a question with should, we want to know if we should do something. That is, we use this verb when we want to know someone's advice. The scheme for the formation of such a proposal:

Should + the one in question + action?

	I
	you
	we	dance?
Should	they	cook?
	she	write?
	he
	it

Examples:

Should I clean the room?
Should I clean my room?

Should she call him first?
Should she call him first?

When answering you can use should/shouldn"t:

Yes, you should.
Yes, it should.

No, you shouldn't’ t.
No, it shouldn't.

Or other appropriate expressions. For example:

You had better…
Do you feel better…

The best thing is to…
The best thing…

I think so.
I think yes.

Of course not!
Of course not.

no way!
In no case.

Interrogative sentences with qualifying words

To clarify any information, we use the following words:

What - what
Where - where
Who - who
Which - which
Why - why
When - when

We put these words in the first place, and the further word order remains the same as in a regular question. Education scheme:

Clarifying word + should + the one in question + action

		I
		you
What		we	write?
Where	should	they	cook?
When		she	dance?
		he
		it

Examples:

why should I believe you?
Why should I trust you?

What should she tell him?
What should she tell him?

Now you have learned all about the verb should. What's next? Complete the task. It won't take long, but it will show how well you understood the information. And I'll check and tell you how great you are :)

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. You should answer the phone.
2. She should not eat for an hour.
3. Should I buy this dress?
4. Why should I study English?
5. They should tell their parents the truth.
6. He shouldn't be late for class.
7. What should I get her for her birthday?
8. Your girlfriend should get more rest.

Leave your answers in the comments, as always.

Modal verbs act as auxiliary, carry a number of different semantic loads. All these rules have their own logical thread, remembering which, you will forever remember the features of shall, will, must, have to, should, ought to, would and others.

Basic concept of modality

Modal verbs perform the function of helping one word to another, filling a bunch of words with meaning.

I should go to work.– I have to go to work.

What happens if you remove should?

I go to work.- I go to work.

The meaning has changed. It is for the correct presentation of thought that modal verbs serve.

There are 8 basic verbs that follow a set of rules, and 5 words that are not modal but fit part of those rules.

Remembering the basic modal verbs is easy:

MMM - must, may, might;

WW - will, would;

CC - can, could;

SS - shall, should.

Side effects:

ought to, need, have to, be able to(for use in the past tense of verbs of opportunity);
used to(denoting an action that was performed before but is not currently being performed).

Basic rules of modal verbs:

You can't add s to them. Never. Forget about it. We are used to: She speaks English well. She is talking to him. With the modal verb of opportunity: She might speak English well. She could speak English well.
In questions, they behave just like a normal auxiliary verb: Is he leaving now? Is he leaving now? And now the verb of possibility: Could I leave now? - Can I go out now?
We use the modal verb first, and then the particle not and then the infinitive. In general, the same principle as in the second rule.

Shall and will before and now

The English language is very plastic or flexible. Every day it changes and adapts to people. This is how the rule changed. Future Simple or Future Indefinite tense.

Previously, the pronouns I and We added shall + infinitive without the particle to. The most famous example from the film The Lord of the Rings, when the hero shouts on the bridge: "You shall not pass!"

Examples:

I shall go to the park tomorrow.– I will go to the park tomorrow.
We shall cook dinner together. We will cook dinner together.
Shall I go to the zoo tomorrow? Will I go to the zoo tomorrow?
Shall we clean those windows? Will we clean those windows?
I shall not do that. - I will not do it.
We shall not go anywhere.- We're not going anywhere.
I shall not drink that.- I won't drink it.

Over time, shall has lost its function as an auxiliary verb of the Future Simple. Now we only know will + infinitive without to. Will is now used as an auxiliary verb in combination with the infinitive. The Lord of the Rings would now sound like: "You will not pass."

Examples:

I will go to the park tomorrow.– I will go to the park tomorrow.
We will cook dinner together. We will cook dinner together.
He will drive his car slowly. He will drive slowly.
She will bake a cake. She will bake a cake.
It will sleep here.- It (meaning the animal) will sleep here.
They will study English.- They will learn English.
You will pass the exam.- You will pass the exam.

Short forms of verbs in all forms

There are the following short forms of both verbs:

	?	+	—
Full form	Shall we do our homework?	We shall do our homework.	We shall not do our homework.
short form	—	—	We shan't do our homework.
Full form	Will we do our homework?	We will do our homework	We will not do our homework
short form	—	We'll do our homework.	We won't do our homework.

Shall

Shall today has become a modal verb and acts as a link. From the word that denoted the future tense, it began to be translated as "should." Being initial form well-known should - must.

Shall is used as a request for advice:

Shall I change my clothes?– Should I change my clothes?
I shall change my clothes.- I have to change my clothes.
Shall we do that?– Should we do it?
I shall not do that. I shouldn't be doing this (I shouldn't be doing this).

Or as a suggestion for something:

Shall I do it for you?– Do it for you?
Shall we dance?- Shall we dance?
Shall I ask him? Should I ask him?

However, shall continues to be used only with I and We.

Will

Of course, much more duties fell on the verb will. I and We are now used with will in the future tense. At the same time, the verb is either translated as “I will, you will”, etc., or gives the accompanying action the color of the future tense.

Examples:

What happens to other pronouns? When we use the 2nd person, we mean an offer, a request, or invite an interlocutor somewhere.

Examples:

Will you come to our wedding? Are you (or are you) coming to our wedding?
Will you join us tomorrow? Will you (or will you) join us tomorrow?
Will you clean the dishes?- Will you wash the dishes?
Will you tidy this room? Will you clean this room?
Will you have some tea?– Do you want tea?
Will you take my pen?- Will you take my pen?

If we talk about will as a modal verb, then we use it when we are 100% sure of what was said. And this applies to both the generally accepted fact (Water will boil in a minute. - Water will boil in a minute), and our prediction, that is, prediction. We are sure that our friend will arrive on time - he has never been late. – Our friend will come in time. He has never been late.

Spontaneous decision - saying your own with will

Will used in moments of spontaneous decision. You wanted to stay at home, but found out that you went out New film And so you decide to go to the cinema. I'll go to the cinema. - I will go to the cinema.

Examples:

We'll pay for you. We will pay for you.
I'll do my homework later.- I will do my homework later - perhaps the context of this sentence implies that you were called somewhere. And you decide to do your homework later.
I'll watch this video with you. I will watch this video with you.
I'll cook the dinner.- I'll cook dinner.
We'll bake this cake tonight. We will bake this cake tonight.

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Modal verbs of duty

There is a certain list of words denoting the obligation to do something. They can be conditionally distributed in a table from “can be done, you can not” to “requirement to fulfill 100%”. All these words are translated into Russian as “should” or “must”.

Must	Run 100%. Rules, laws, clear requirements.	You mustn't run near the pool.– You must not run near the pool (it is forbidden to run near the pool). You must pay bills in time. You must pay your bills on time. You mustn't live in that flat with pets. – You must not live in that apartment with animals (pets are not allowed).
Have to	A frequent substitute for must, but not as strict.	You have to do your homework.- You have to do your homework (but this is a duty for you personally, you cannot impose a ban). You have to tidy your room. You must clean your room. You have to go to work. - You have to go to work.
Right to	The even less obligatory ought to can be translated as “should”.	We ought to give some money for charity. We should give money to charity. We ought to help old people. We should help the elderly. We ought to say "Thank you". We should say "thank you".
Should	Can be translated as advice.	You shouldn't say these words. You mustn't say those words. You should go to the doctor.- You should go to the doctor.
need	Necessary. You don't have to do anything, eg.	You don't need to go to school today. It's Saturday. You don't have to go to school today. Today is Saturday.

Must and have to - must or must?

The difference between must and have to is from whom the obligation comes. In the case of must, these are laws or our own wishes. That is, we ourselves indicate what we must do.

Examples:

I mustn't steal other things. I shouldn't steal other people's things. Law.
I must go on a diet.- I have to go on a diet. It is not a law, but our will to place a certain prohibition or "law" within our own lives.
I mustn't kill people.“I shouldn't kill people.
I must study English.– I have to learn English. For non-compliance with this rule, only you can specify the punishment.

There is one more nuance - the translation of the expression "should be", where must is an optional requirement:

Have to has a different nature we are told what to do. At the same time, they cannot punish us for this within the framework of the state.

You have to go on a diet.- You should go on a diet. For health reasons, this is a must.
You have to go for a walk every day. You must walk every day.

Or the insistence of parents/friends:

You have to calm down.- You must calm down.
You have to eat three times a day. You must eat three times a day.

Should as speaking your mind

The verb should has several uses:

possibility;
advice;
criticism.

The difference between should and must, have to is in the scope. Should is translated as “should”, but does not mean an obligation, unlike must and have to.

Comparison:

You should visit your grandma. You should visit your grandmother (you'd better do it).	You have to drive slowly.– You must drive slowly (obligation of traffic rules).
You should eat more vegetables.- You should eat more vegetables (you are recommended to do this).	You have to clean vegetables before eating. You must wash vegetables before eating (doctor's insistence).
You should call your mother. You should call your mother (advice).	You must tell the police about an accident. You must tell the police about the accident.

Should and opportunity

It is important to note that the impossibility of doing something, and the assumption that it is quite probable to do it.

Examples:

Mother should win you.- Mom must defeat you (this is most likely).
Father should come for you after work.- Dad will pick you up after work (if he has time, if he finishes work, etc., it is indicated - the possibility of 90%).
Brother should be a great student.– The brother must be a good student (assumption, but not fact).

You can use the verb of responsibility as advice - you should do it, it would be better if you did the following. It can be well-known advice or from a specific person.

Examples:

You shouldn't be there.- You shouldn't be here (it would be better if this moment you weren't here).
You should drink 1.5 l per day.– You should drink 1.5 liters per day (you should drink 1.5 liters per day, a common fact).

Should and criticism

If you criticize, you are arguing that someone should do something better. To do this, use the modal verb should.

Examples:

You should try harder.- You should try harder.
You should study hard to pass the exam. You have to study hard to pass the exam.
You should go to bed earlier before important days. You should go to bed earlier before important days.

Difference between could, should and would

Could and would are united by the Russian particle BY. That is, when using these two words, the sentence will necessarily contain “would”.

For example:

He COULD do it.– He could do that.
She COULD work as a salesperson.– She could work as a shopkeeper.
He WOULD do it.– He would do that.
She would work as a salesperson.– She would work as a shopkeeper.

At the same time, these modal verbs also have separate semantic loads.

Could has two roles:

The second column of the verb can (form Past Indefinite);
Polite question.

Examples:

He could run for hours.– He could run for hours (just in the past).
Could I close the window?– May I close the window? (At the same time, the LI particle plays the role of BY).

Should is often confused with could in a probability expression. When we say: The working day ends at 18.00, he must be in traffic now. - Work day finishes at 6 p.m., he should be in traffic jam now., we mean the probability with a certain degree of success. We insist that the scenario develops in this way. Unlike could.

Work day finishes at 6 p.m., he could be in traffic jam or in a supermarket. - The working day ends at 18.00, it could be in a traffic jam or a supermarket. We do not claim that this is so, we do not even insist. We make a guess. That is, should shows a probability, and could shows a guess.

Would is also known for two roles similar to could:

second column of the verb will (form for various tenses, including Conditionals);
manifestation of desire.

In the first case, the same scheme applies as with could:

If I knew him, I wouldn't come. If I had known him, I would not have come.
If we hadn't been there, we wouldn't have had trouble.“If we weren't here, we wouldn't be in trouble.

At the same time, would retains the translation with the particle “would”.

In the case of expressing its desire, the particle can be omitted:

Would you like a drink?– Would you like something to drink?
I'd like a cup of tea, thanks. I would like a cup of tea, thanks.

Would - modal verb and will form

By itself, would is used to express the will of a person:

If we refuse something: He wouldn't do it anyway. – He would not have done it (he would not have wanted to do it, refused to do it).
We insist: I said, he would wait. I said he'll be waiting. (We emphasize the semantic would).
Let's talk about intent: I would go to Africa. - I'm going to Africa.
As a question: Would you like to go on a walk? – Would you like to go for a walk? Would you like to have a nap? - You'd like to take a nap.
As a request: Would you close the window, please? – Could you close the window, please?

Ought to and should - how to distinguish?

At its core ought to and should are interchangeable synonyms.

They have only two significant differences:

Ought we use with the “to” particle, while should is not.
- We ought to help our mum. We should have helped our mother.
- They should come out in time. They should have left on time.
Right to is used less often and more in a moral sense - as a voice of conscience or an indicator of a moral ideal.
- We ought to trust each other. “We should trust each other.
- We ought to help poor people more often. We should help poor people more often.
Should can also be used in ordinary advice that does not affect the moral side of the issue.
- You should eat more soups. You should eat more soups.

In other cases, ought to and should can be replaced with each other, for example:

He ought to help his sister with a homework. He should have helped his sister with her homework.
He should help his sister with a homework. He should have (or should have) helped his sister with her homework. The meaning has not changed.

May and should - ask permission

May is used in cases similar to should:

May I come in?– May I come in?
Should I come in?- Should I come in?

Even in the example, the translation difference is clearly visible. In the first case, we ask permission, in the second, we clarify the details. In case of May- the desire comes from us, we ask if it is possible to perform this or that action.

In the case of should, the call to action comes from the other person:

Here is your assignment. – Here is your job.
Should I do it now? - Should I do it now?

By itself, may is used to:

Opportunity expressions. He may be upstairs.- He might be upstairs. (We do not know this for sure, we make a very vague assumption - 50 to 50). The similar form might is translated in the same way, but has a lower probability - 40 to 60. The assumption is even more vague. It might want some food.- It (meaning the animal) probably wants food. We do not know this for sure, so we make an assumption.
Permissions. You may play computer games. You can (I give you permission) to play computer games. And, accordingly, I do not allow: You may not play in the garden. You are not allowed (you cannot) play in the garden. This form is very formal, more often used as written statement rules. Another formal permission question with a verb might. May I come in?- Can I come in?
Questions, requests. When we need something May I have a cup of coffee, please?– May I have a cup of coffee, please? Might here has the same meaning in a more formal equivalent (rarely used). Might I close the door?— May I close the door? By the degree of formality, it can be compared with the Russian "dare". Dare I close the door. Quite formal, isn't it?
Prohibition. You may not smoke here.– You can't smoke here (it's forbidden). A more formal phrase than must.

Might can also be used as the past tense of the verb may.

How to remember all this?

The main task is to correctly translate into Russian. Examples of education and use are the key to successful memorization of any rule. Various exercises and tests will help to learn the rule well.

Modal (and auxiliary) verbs are divided into three types: according to obligation, if possible, permission. At the same time, almost every verb can be included in the permission clause. Therefore, the third type includes those that are used only for permission.

Remember:

Duty. Must, should, ought to, have to. You must, you must, or you should.
Possibility. May, can, could, may, might.- You can.
Other. Shall, will, need.– We ask, clarify, talk about the lack of need (there is no permission or permission not to do something).

Lesson 3. Future Simple Tense - Future Simple Tense. Ways of expressing the future tense (repetition) and their comparison with the Future Simple. Suggestions and requests

In this lesson, we will take a closer look at the Future Simple Tense, as well as compare it with other ways of expressing the future tense previously considered. We will look at some uses of the Future Simple Tense in colloquial speech.

Topic 1. Using The Future Simple Tense. Difference between Shall and Will. Formation of affirmative and negative sentences. Short forms

For education all types of offers auxiliary verbs are used in the Future Simple shall or will. Formally shall used with the first person singular (I) and plural (we). But in modern colloquial speech it is found almost exclusively will. However, this trend does not mean that shall became an atavism, since it is indispensable in some interrogative sentences (to be discussed in topic 2) and has a very noticeable semantic potential, different from will. Literature, newspapers shall And will used according to grammar.

The main purpose of the Future Simple Tense is to designate an action that will happen in the future.

In the future tense, such temporary indicators as tomorrow, in two days (in two days), next week, etc. are used.

affirmative sentences

Word order: on first the place is the subject; on the second- auxiliary; on the third place the verb in the form of the infinitive without a particle to. The auxiliary verb can be followed by an adverb.

1	2	3	4	5	6
I	shall/will	see	him	again	tomorrow
We
She	will	go	there	next	Monday
He
You
They
It		probably	rain	in the afternoon

Abbreviations are often used in affirmative sentences. It is noteworthy that when using abbreviations, the need to choose between auxiliary verbs disappears, since only the same ending is taken from them -ll.

I "ll - He" ll - She "ll - We" ll - You "ll - They" ll - It "ll.

With help Future Simple future intentions that arise at the time of the decision are expressed.

The phone is ringing. - I "ll answer it.
Phone calls. - I will answer.

Will- it is also a noun, which translates as "will, desire." This semantic load was fully transferred to the auxiliary verb of the same name. Therefore, in the sentence "I will help you" there is a sense of determination.

At shall there is no such "determination". Shall usually expresses actions in which the desires of the subject are absent.

I shall be 30 next month.

The example of the following sentence clearly shows the semantic and stylistic difference between shall And will:

We will fight and we shall win.

Will here expresses the intention of the speaker, shall speaks of the inevitability of victory, "promises it."

Negative sentences

Negative sentences are formed by simply adding the negative particle not after the auxiliary verb. Abbreviations are often used in negative sentences. Sometimes it's not easy to "decipher" these abbreviations if you haven't seen them before.

So:
Won't- will not
Shan`t [∫a: n t] - shall not

1	2		3	4	5	6
	Full form	short form
I	shall not	shan't	be	here	next	Tuesday
We
She	will not	won't	return	home	so soon
He
You
They
It			happen	again

Note