Spell 3 forms. Complete list of irregular English verbs
Our topic today is an acquaintance with such an interesting phenomenon as forms irregular verbs. As you know, the English language is very cunning. This language often lays all sorts of traps for us. One of them is irregular verbs. English is not the only language that has irregular verbs. French is also rich in irregular verbs. Three or four forms of irregular English verbs?
Romanian language, German language, Latin language, Greek language also contains irregular verbs. And even the Russian language is replete with them. I think you have repeatedly heard about irregular verbs in English, in other words, Irregular Verbs. Why are such verbs called irregular? Everything is very simple: in the past tense they are conjugated in their own way, have their own special form, while all other verbs in the past tense have the ending -ed.
How to distinguish irregular verbs from regular ones?
For comparison, let's conjugate 3 regular regular verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple):
| work- ra | sing | |
| I worked | I translated | I managed |
| You worked | you translated | You managed |
| He worked | He translated | He managed |
| She worked | She translated | She managed |
| It worked | It translated | It managed |
| We worked | We translated | We managed |
| They worked | they translated | They managed |
As you can see, all 3 verbs are conjugated in the same way, according to the scheme stem + ending -ed.
The situation is quite different in the case of irregular verbs. We conjugate 3 more verbs in the past simple (Past Simple), which are incorrect, and here pay attention to the fact that each of these verbs has its own, completely different form at the end or even at the root of the word:
| blow- blow | go- go | bring- bring |
| I blew | I went | I brought |
| You blew | You went | You brought |
| He blew | He went | He brought |
| She blew | She went | She brought |
| It blew | It went | It brought |
| We blew | We went | We brought |
| They blew | They went | They brought |
Even to the naked eye it is clear that each of these verbs appeared in its own, completely different from the others, form. The catch is that there is no certain rule, by which you can find out the form of an irregular verb. Each of them hides in their own way. The English language, friends, is full of tricky things and underwater reefs. Another catch is that each irregular verb has not one form, but three.
Three forms of irregular verbs
So what are these three forms?
- The first is the infinitive or initial (indefinite) form of the verb
- The second is Past Participle I, that is, the form that corresponds to the simple past tense (Past Simple), it is also used in the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case)
- The third is Past Participle II, the one used in the present perfect tense (Present Perfect) and in the long past tense ( past perfect). The same form is used in passive voice (Passive Voice), in the conditional mood of the 3rd case (Conditional of the 3-d case) and some other grammatical rules.
Here are some examples of 3 forms of irregular verbs:
- To arise - arose - arisen - rise
- To be - was, were - been - to be
- To bear - bore - born - give birth
- To become - became - become - become, become
- To begin - began - begun - begin
- To catch - caught - caught - catch, catch
- To choose - chose - chosen - choose
- To dig - dug - dug - dig, dig
- To dream - dream - dream - dream, dream
- To feel - felt - felt - feel
- To forget - forgot - forgotten - forget
- To have - had - had - to have
Now let's look at these 3 forms using examples of sentences in all of the above tenses of verbs.
- So, the simple past tense of the verb (Past Simple Tense):
Yesterday she felt(self-bad) to feel). She felt bad yesterday. Last Wednesday we met Jim ( to meet). We met Jim last Wednesday. Last night I dream you ( to dream). “I dreamed about you last night. I was in Paris last year ( to be) — I was in Paris last year.
- Perfect present tense of the verb (Present Perfect Tense):
I have just seen him ( to see). “I just saw him. Tom has already brought my books ( to bring). Tom has already brought my books. Have you ever been in London to be)? - Have you ever been in London? Ann has already forgotten her boy-friend( to forget).- Anna has already forgotten her boyfriend.
- The past tense of the verb (Past Perfect Tense):
I noticed that I had forgotten my keys( to forget). — I noticed that I forgot my keys. He understood that he had lost his documents ( to lose). He realized that he had lost his papers.
- Passive voice (Passive Voice):
The dog is fed by me ( to feed). The dog is fed by me (I fed the dog). Made in France ( to make). - Made in France.
- Conditional mood of the 2nd and 3rd cases (Conditional). Here are the second and third forms:
If I had money, I would buy a car to have). - If I had money, I would buy a car (real condition). If I had money, I would have bought a car ( to have, to buy).- If I had money, I would buy a car (unreal condition, past tense).
How to learn all forms of irregular verbs?
Irregular Verbs Cheat Sheet
As mentioned above, there are no rules by which the forms of irregular verbs are formed, each has its own. But, we hope that this poetic form will help you quickly remember such irregular verbs:
To write-wrote-written
To eat-ate-eat
To speak-spoke-spoken
To break-broke-broken
To come-came-come
To become-became-become
To run-run-run
To swim swam swum
To know-knew-known
To throw-threw-thrown
To blow-blew-blown
To fly-flew-flown
Tossing-sang-sung
To ring-rang-rung
To hide-hid-hidden
To bite-bit-bitten
To send-sent-sent
To spend-spent-spent
To sleep-slept-slept
To keep-kept-kept
To tell-told-told
To sell-sold-sold
To teach-taught-taught
To catch-caught-caught
To fight-fought-fought
To think-thought-thought
To buy-bought-bought
To bring-brought-brought
To cut-cut-cut
To shut-shut-shut
To cost-cost-cost
To lose-lost-lost
To lead-led-led
To feed-fed-fed
To feel-felt-felt
To hold-held-held
From this funny poetic form we see that some irregular verbs have the same letter combinations, which allows them to rhyme and thus make it easier for us to remember them.
The "fourth" form of irregular verbs
There is a popular belief that there is also a 4th form of irregular verbs. This 4th configuration is formed according to the scheme base + ending -ing. It defines the Present Participle, that is, the present participle in tenses such as the present continuous (Present Continuous) and the past continuous (Past Continuous). In other words, this is the present and past tense of the imperfect form. It follows from this that there are not 3, but 4 forms of irregular verbs. But this 4th configuration is, as it were, unofficial.
Consider this same 4th form using examples of sentences with Present Continuous:
The same 4th form in sentences with Past Continuous.
Ekaterina
Good afternoon, thank you for your trainer. And since I haven’t been learning English very successfully for several years, I don’t care how the software works according to Petrov’s lessons. This is a very good idea, but not as well implemented as the systematized and concise approach of Petrov himself to the presentation of the material.
I will make a number of significant comments that will undoubtedly make the simulator better and it will be much more convenient to use it.
We are talking about the second test with listening and writing three forms. It is very good that you can train both listening and writing at the same time. Learning through writing makes memorization easier.
If you bring this simulator (test) to mind, then others will not be needed.
1. I compiled a list of irregular verbs for training of 88 verbs that disappeared forever when I turned off the computer - it would be nice if it was saved. Every day to compose the same ... so-so task :) After all, it is very convenient to set yourself a goal - every day to learn 6 verbs, for example, 60 in 10 days. I made a list and drove, because it's quite real! But now there is no such possibility (. There is no point in compiling your list either. A leaflet and a pen are more convenient (
2. The verbs for the test (for training) are issued in 6. It is extremely important to set up a return to the previous six for repetition. It is repetition that is the key to success, but without this function, using this simulator is almost useless.
3. The function of general cleaning of everything written is very necessary. That is, he wrote, checked, cleared with one click, after a while he returned to the same verbs - wrote, checked, cleared. And so far I do not remember. Now there are two options - either delete everything written by hand (in the age of technology, people expect a completely different ease of use), or move on to other verbs without learning the previous ones.
4. The listening function next to each form of the verb, and not just the infinitive, will be very helpful. So the simulator will be more effective. Now, for pronunciation, one has to turn to other sources.
5. Correct answers - it will be much more efficient for the student to turn this function off and on himself. Now the correct answers appear when checking and "hang" until the student writes them off and again presses the check button. It will be more useful if the student can see the mistake, but correct it from memory. For example, incorrect answers are highlighted in red and the student either writes the correct answer right away, or clicks on the hint for that option only and removes it when he sees fit.
Another exercise is not at all convenient for use, the words previously moved to the right places are shifted when new ones are transferred to neighboring cells, turning the exercise not into memorizing words, but simply into Tetris.
I would like a really useful service to be brought to mind and be good for both students and creators (after all, only a good product can bring not only benefit to others, but also profit to the creators;)).
Everyone who has ever sat down for a textbook in English, knows about such a phenomenon as a list of irregular English verbs. What is this list? It contains verbs that deviate from the standard rules for the formation of past tenses and participles. It is believed that in daily speech about seventy percent are used precisely irregular verbs (English name term).
From this we can conclude that knowing the list of irregular verbs in English is simply necessary if you want to speak and understand the interlocutor fluently.
The total number of irregular verbs is about 470 words. Is it possible to learn such a volume? Of course, this is quite real. However, in order for you to feel confident when speaking in English, you only need to know 180 verbs.
Before turning directly to the list itself, we will give some tips on how to achieve the desired knowledge as quickly and efficiently as possible.
Mechanical learning
The technique of mechanical memorization of information is one of the most common techniques. But how effective is it?
When memorizing, we often notice that a large number of words are quickly forgotten, and some even flatly refuse to settle in our long-term memory. In order for this technique to show itself only from the best side, it is necessary to use the learned verbs in practice as often as possible. By the way, listening to them in a movie, program or just a song helps a lot.
Be sure to have a list of irregular English verbs with translation
To begin with, you will have to become familiar with the meaning of each new word. Usually all irregular verbs tables include a translation column, so you don't have to worry about many hours of self-study with a dictionary. After the correct associations with the native language fit in the head, you can safely move on to the formed forms.
Irregular Verbs in Poems
Don't worry - you're not the only student trying to master the full list of English irregular verbs, and your hardships have someone to share. And some craftsmen even try to somehow help.
On the Internet, you can easily find all kinds of poems created specifically for such purposes. They contain a number of the most common verbs, skillfully built into the overall rhyme and tone of the work. And there are many funny associations there, so remember necessary information will be even easier.
using irregular verbs
Games can be played not only by children, but also by adults. And when it comes to education foreign language, then games are one of the most effective ways memorization. To find ready-made options also available on the Internet. Usually these are flash cards, various animations or mini-games, accompanied by sound examples. If you don’t really want to play on a computer, then you can easily do something with your own hands, for example, the same cards. If you have an English learning partner, then an analogue of a word game or the creation of dialogues consisting of irregular verbs would be appropriate.
Meet Irregular Verbs
Having told a little about the methods of memorization, we move on to the most important thing. So, we present you a list of irregular English verbs with translation.
Alphabetical verbs (a, b, c, d)
Verbs starting with a:
abide - abode - abided - stay, hold on;
arise - arose - arisen - rise, arise;
awake-awoke-awaked; awoke - wake up, wake up.
For the letter b:
backbite - backbitten - backbitten - slander;
backslide - backslid - backslid - fall off;
be - was (were) - been - to be, to be;
bear - bore - born - carry, be born;
beat - beat - beaten - beat;
become - became - become - become, become;
befall - befell - befallen - happen;
beget - begot (begat) - begotten - generate;
begin - began - begun - begin;
begird - begirt - begirt - encircle;
behold - beheld - beheld - to mature;
bend - bent - bent - bend (sya);
bereave - bereft (bereaved) - bereft (bereaved) - deprive;
beseech - besought (beseeched) - b-esought (beseeched) - beg, beg;
beset - beset - beset - besiege;
bespeak - bespoke - bespoken - order;
bespit - bespat - bespat - spit;
bestride - bestrode - bestridden - sit down, sit on horseback;
bet - bet (betted) - bet (betted) - bet;
betake - betook - betaken - to be accepted, sent;
bid - bad (bade) - bid (bidden) - command, ask;
bind - bound - bound - bind;
bite - bit - bit (bitten) - bite;
bleed - bled - bled - bleed;
bless - blessed - blessed (blest) - bless;
blow - blew - blown (blowed) - blow;
break - broke - broken - (c) break;
breed - bred - bred - grow;
bring - brought - brought - bring;
broadcast - broadcast - broadcast - distribute, scatter;
browbeat - browbeat - browbeaten - scare;
build - built - built - build;
burn - burnt (burned) - burnt (burned) - burn, burn;
burst - burst - burst - burst, explode;
bust - bust (busted) - bust (busted) - split (someone);
buy - bought - bought - buy.
Verbs starting with:
can - could - could - be able, be able;
catch - caught - caught - catch, catch;
choose - chose - chosen - choose;
cleave - clove (cleft, cleaved) - cloven (cleft, cleaved) - dissect;
cling - clung - clung - cling to, cling to;
come - came - come - come;
cost - cost - cost - cost;
creep - crept - crept - crawl;
cut - cut - cut - cut.
Verbs starting with d:
dare - durst (dared) - dared - dare;
deal - dealt - dealt - deal;
dig - dug - dug - dig;
dive - dived (dove) - dived - dive, dive;
do - did - done - do;
draw - drew - drawn - draw, drag;
dream - dream (dreamed) - dream (dreamed) - sleep, dream;
drink - drank - drunk - drink,
drive - drove - driven - drive, drive;
dwell - dwelt - dwelt - dwell, linger.
Alphabet continuation (e, g, f, h)
Verbs starting with e:
eat - ate - eaten - eat, eat.
Verbs starting with f:
fall - fell - fallen - fall;
feed - fed - fed - feed;
feel - felt - felt - feel;
fight - fought - fought - fight;
find - found - found - find;
flee - fled - fled - run away, escape;
floodlight - floodlighted (floodlit) - floodlighted (floodlit) - shine with a spotlight;
fly - flew - flown - fly;
forbear - forbore - forborne - refrain;
forbid - forbad (forbade) - forbidden - to forbid;
forecast - forecast (forecasted) - forecast (forecasted) - predict;
foresee - foresaw - foreseen - to foresee;
forget - forgot - forgotten - forget;
forgive - forgave - forgiven - forgive;
forsake - forsook - forsaken - leave;
forswear - forswore - forsworn - renounce;
freeze - froze - frozen - freeze, freeze.
Verbs starting with g:
gainsay - gainsaid - gainsaid - deny, contradict;
get - got - got - get;
gird - girded (girt) - girded (girt) - encircle;
give - gave - given - give;
go - went - gone - go, leave;
grave - graved - graved (graven) - engrave;
grind - ground - ground - sharpen, grind;
grow - grew - grown - grow.
Verbs starting with h:
hang - hung (hanged) - hung (hanged) - hang;
have - had - had - to have;
hear - heard - heard - hear;
hew - hewed - hewed; hewn - chop, hew;
hide - hid - hidden - hide (sya);
hit - hit - hit - hit, hit;
hold - held - held - hold;
hurt - hurt - hurt - deliver pain, offend.
Second part of the alphabet
Verbs starting with i:
inlay - inlaid - inlaid - invest, line;
input - input (inputted) - input (inputted) - enter;
inset - inset - inset - insert, invest;
interweave - interwove - interwoven - weave, cover with a pattern.
Verbs starting with k:
keep - kept - kept - store;
ken - kenned (kent) - kenned - know, recognize by sight;
kneel - knelt (kneeled) - knelt (kneeled) - kneel;
knit - knit (knitted) - knit (knitted) - knit;
know - knew - known - to know.
Verbs starting with l:
lade - laded - laded (laden) - load;
lay - laid - laid - put, put;
lead - led - led - lead;
lean - lean (leaned) - leant (leaned) - lean, lean;
leap - leapt (leaped) - leapt (leaped) - jump;
learn - learned (learned) - learned (learned) - to teach;
leave - left - left - throw;
lend - lent - lent - lend;
let - let - let - let go, give;
lie - lay - lain - lie;
light - lit (lighted) - lit (lighted) - illuminate;
lose - lost - lost - lose.
m verbs:
make - made - made - create;
may - might - might - be able, be able;
mean - meant - meant - have a meaning;
meet - met - met - meet;
miscast - miscast - miscast - it is wrong to distribute roles;
mishear - misheard - misheard - misheard;
mishit - mishit - mishit - to miss;
mislay - mislaid - mislaid - put in another place;
mislead - misled - misled - confuse;
misread - misread - misread - misinterpret;
misspell - misspelt (misspeled) - misspelt (misspeled) - write with errors;
misspend - misspent - misspent - save;
misunderstand - misunderstood - misunderstood - misunderstand;
mow - mowed - mown (mowed) - cut (lawn).
Verbs starting with r:
rid - rid (ridded) - rid (ridded) - get rid of;
ride - rode - ridden - ride;
ring - rang - rung - call;
rise - rose - risen - rise;
run - ran - run - run, flow.
Verbs starting with s:
saw - sawed - sawn (sawed) - to saw;
say - said - said - to speak, to say;
see - saw - seen - see;
seek - sought - sought - to search;
sell - sold - sold - trade;
send - sent - sent - send;
set - set - set - install;
shake - shook - shaken - shake;
shave - shaved - shaved (shaven) - shave (Xia);
shed - shed - shed - shed;
shine - shone (shined) - shone (shined) - shine, shine;
shoot - shot - shot - shoot, shoot;
show - showed - shown (showed) - show;
shut - shut - shut - slam;
sing - sang - sung - sing;
sink - sank - sunk - sink, sink, sink;
sit - sat - sat - sit;
sleep - slept - slept - sleep;
slide - slide - slide - slide;
slit - slit - slit - tear, cut;
smell - smelt (smelled) - smelt (smelled) - smell, smell;
speak - spoken - spoken - conduct a conversation;
speed - sped (speeded) - sped (speeded) - accelerate, hurry;
spell - spelt (spelled) - spell (spelled) - write or read, pronouncing each letter;
spend - spent - spent - spend;
spill - spilt (spilled) - spilt (spilled) - spill;
spin - spun (span) - spun - spin;
spit - spat (spit) - spat (spit) - spit;
split - split - split - split (sya);
spoil - spoilt (spoiled) - spoilt (spoiled) - spoil;
spotlight - spotlit (spotlighted) - spotlit (spotlighted) - illuminate;
spread - spread - spread - spread;
stand - stood - stood - stand;
steal - stole - stolen - steal;
stick - stuck - stuck - prick, glue;
sting - stung - stung - sting;
stink-stank; stunk - stunk - smell unpleasant;
strike - struck - struck - to beat, beat, strike;
swear - swore - sworn - swear, take an oath;
swell - swelled - swollen (swelled) - swell;
swim - swam - swum - swim;
swing - swung - swung - swing.
Verbs starting with t:
take - took - taken - take, take;
teach - taught - taught - learn;
tear - tore - torn - break;
tell - told - told - tell, say;
think - thought - thought - think;
throw - threw - thrown - throw.
Verbs starting with w:
wake - woke (waked) - woken (waked) - wake up, wake up;
wear - wore - worn - wear (clothes);
weave - wove (weaved) - woven (weaved) - weave;
wed - wed (wedded) - wed (wedded) - to marry;
weep - wept - wept - cry;
wet - wet (wetted) - wet (wetted) - wet, moisturize;
win - won - won - win;
wind - wound - wound - start (mechanism);
write - wrote - written - write.
We hope that after reading the article, English has become a little clearer for you.
English requires a detailed and systematic approach. Of course, if the priorities are obtaining knowledge that will help in practice. A special place within the framework of this goal is occupied, for which there are quite rational explanations.
|
Verb / Verb |
|||
| be | were, were | been | To be |
| beat | beat | beaten ["bi:tn] | Beat |
| become | became | become | Become |
| begin | started | begun | Start off |
| bleed | bled | bled | Bleed |
| blow | blew | blown | Blow |
| break | broke | broken ["brouk(e)n] | Break |
| bring | brought | brought | Bring |
| build | built | built | Build |
| burn | burnt | burnt | burn |
| burst | burst | burst | Break out |
| buy | bought | bought | Buy |
| catch | caught | caught | catch, seize, catch |
| choose | chose [ʃəuz] | chosen | To choose |
| come | came | come | Come |
| cost | cost | cost | Cost |
| creep | crept | crept | Crawl |
| cut | cut | cut | Cut |
| do | did | done | Do |
| draw | drew | drawn | draw, drag |
| dream | dream | dream | Dream, nap |
| drink | drank | drunk | Drink |
| drive | drove | driven ["driven] | drive |
| eat | ate | eaten ["i:tn] | There is |
| fall | fell | fallen ["fɔ:lən] | Fall |
| feed | fed | fed | Feed |
| feel | felt | felt | Feel |
| fight | fought | fought | Fight |
| find | found | found | Find |
| fit | fit | fit | Fit to size |
| fly | flew | flown | Fly |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | Forget |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | Forgive |
| freeze | frozen | frozen ["frouzn] | Freeze |
| get[get] | got | got | Receive |
| give | gave | given | giving |
| go | went | gone | Go |
| grow | grew | grown | Grow |
| hang | hung | hung | Hang |
| have | had | had | Have |
| hear | heard | heard | Hear |
| hide | hidden | hidden ["hidden] | Hide |
| hit | hit | hit | hit the target |
| hold | held | held | Hold |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | Hurt |
| keep | kept | kept | Contain |
| kneel | knelt | knelt | Kneel |
| know | knew | known | Know |
| lay | laid | laid | put |
| lead | led | led | News |
| lean | lean | lean | Tilt |
| learn | learned | learned | Teach |
| leave | left | left | Leave |
| lend | lent | lent | borrow |
| let | let | let | Let |
| lie | lay | lain | Lie |
| light | lit | lit | illuminate |
| lose | lost | lost | Lose |
| make | made | made | Produce |
| mean | meant | meant | To mean |
| meet | met | met | Meet |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | make mistakes |
| pay | paid | paid | To pay |
| prove | proved | proven | Prove |
| put | put | put | Put |
| quit | quit | quit | go out |
| read | read | read | To read |
| ride | rode | ridden ["ridn] | ride a horse |
| ring | rank | rung | Ring |
| rise | rose | risen ["rizn] | Get up |
| run | ran | run | run |
| say | said | said | Talk |
| see | saw | seen | See |
| seek | sought | sought | Search |
| sell | sold | sold | Sell |
| send | sent | sent | Send |
| set | set | set | Put |
| sew | sewed | sewn | Sew |
| shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n] | Shake |
| show [ʃəu] | showed [ʃəud] | shown [ʃəun] | Show |
| shrink [ʃriŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | Reduce |
| shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | Close |
| sing | sang | sung | Sing |
| sink | sank, sunk | sunk | Drown |
| sit | sat | sat | Sit |
| sleep | slept | slept | Sleep |
| slide | slide | slide | Slide |
| sow | sowed | sown | Sow |
| speak | spoke | spoken ["spouk(e)n] | Talk |
| spell | spelt | spelt | To spell |
| spend | spent | spent | To spend |
| spill | spilt | spilt | Shed |
| spoil | spoilt | spoilt | Spoil |
| spread | spread | spread | spread |
| spring | sprang | sprung | Jump |
| stand | stood | stood | To stand |
| steal | stole | stolen ["stəulən] | Steal |
| stick | stuck | stuck | prick |
| sting | stung | stung | Sting |
| sweep | swept | swept | sweep |
| swell | swollen | swollen ["swoul(e)n] | Swell |
| swim | swam | swum | To swim |
| swing | swung | swung | Sway |
| take | took | taken ["teik(ə)n] | Take, take |
| teach | taught | taught | Teach |
| tear | tore | torn | Tear |
| tell | told | told | Tell |
| think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] | Think |
| throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] | Throw |
| understand [ʌndə"stænd] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | Understand |
| wake | woke | woken ["wouk(e)n] | Wake up |
| wear | wore | worn | Wear |
| weep | wept | wept | Cry |
| wet | wet | wet | wet |
| win | won | won | Win |
| wind | wound | wound | Wriggle |
| write | wrote | written ["ritn] | Write |
Why is it important to know English irregular verbs?
So, irregular verbs, as mentioned above, play a key role in the successful study of English. Many people have been convinced of this. Consider the main nuances.
Practice shows that half of the mistakes made in speech and writing are the incorrect use of forms and tenses of verbs. Often the verb is superfluous in a sentence or used falsely. This can completely change the meaning. The principle of learning English is that you need to start with those topics in which mistakes are often made. That's why table of irregular verbs must be fully explored. Otherwise, it is realistic to get negative consequences, consisting in a confusion of phrases. When there are many mistakes, the desire to learn the language disappears. This cannot be allowed. It is important to focus on the success of the task. With the right approach, all goals will be achieved.
Irregular verbs can be used as builders of phrases and sentences that are unique in terms of impact and originality. English philologists are proud of such verbs, referring them to the origins of the ancient Germanic language. Many English-speaking poets and writers drew creative strength from them. Readers may say that they are not going to write poetry in English (although with time everything is possible, it is difficult to predict the twists of fate). However, they form its foundation. Without them, it is impossible to learn English. Many people who have devoted their free time to studying an international language have been able to verify this. Systems approach will allow you to master all topics, including those that are considered to be difficult in terms of learning.
The study of irregular verbs is also required for the reason that some regular verbs are very similar to them. For example, found is like an irregular verb. If it is perceived this way, then in practice there will be confusion. Every nuance is important and worth considering.
You need to start learning irregular verbs as early as possible. Most of them are based on exceptions rather than rules. This difficult moment should spur and stimulate. Regular verbs will become much easier to learn after. At all, basic irregular verbs in English yet they have a certain system. She will help you learn them.
Irregular verbs are difficult, that's a fact. However, it is worth devoting at least 10 minutes every day to these “insidious parts of speech” so that they are assimilated once and for all. Having a certain system will make the task a little easier. It is important to understand: without irregular verbs there will be no English. Therefore, it is worth giving them time.
If you have reached the study of verbs, then you have already gone through a lot. But there is still a long road to perfection ahead. The temporary system is based on such a distinction between this part of speech, as correct and incorrect. It is about the latter that we will talk and explain how to quickly learn irregular verbs.
So, we already know that with the passage of time, foreign conquests or other interactions of people, the English language also did not stand aside. This is especially true for verbs. If we study tenses, then we have to delimit according to this category. Irregular Verbs are found in almost every one of them.
Forms of irregular verbs in English
Where to begin? From acquaintance. What types are, when and how they are used. Indeed, when reading a rule, you often stumble upon the expression 2nd form, 3rd. And what is it, we will now consider. Once again, it is worth recalling that there are 3 forms of irregular verbs (some linguists distinguish four).
First form is it an infinitive or first column of the table. It is in this form that the verb is used in the dictionary: run, swim, give. It is used in Present Simple, Future Simple, in interrogative and negative sentences Past Simple.
The second form is this is the simple past tense (Past Simple): ran, swam, gave (second column). In this form, irregular English verbs are used in Past Simple (with the exception of interrogative and negative sentences).
Third form- this is the past participle (Past Participle or Participle II): run, swun, given. This form is the most commonly used verb. At times Perfect, at all times Passive Voice. You will find it in third column of the table.
fourth form is the present participle (Present Participle or Participle I): running, swimming, giving. It is used by the times of the Continuous group and Perfect Continuous. Not all tables contain a fourth column, only some.
When considering sentences with irregular verbs, pay attention to the tense.
How are the main irregular verbs of the English language formed?
It is impossible to clearly determine that these words change in this way, and others - the second or third. But it is still possible to trace a certain trend, and then it will not be a set of words and incomprehensible forms.
- By changing the vowel at the root of the word: meet - met - met; begin - began - begun.
- Changing the root and adding a suffix: speak - spoke - spoken; give - gave - given.
- The ending changes: send - sent - sent; build-built-built.
- And some verbs are the same in all forms: cut - cut - cut; put - put - put.
How to learn irregular verbs?
Everyone has their own methodology, their own way, which has its pros and cons. But I would like to start by saying a few generally accepted facts. First, learn all three forms at once and with translation. Irregular verbs with translation can be found in almost any grammar book, dictionary, online resources and on our website. The entire table can be downloaded. Don't learn 10 at once, take 5, spread over 3-4 days, do the exercises. Many teach in a row, alphabetically, some in groups (depending on the method of education). I find the second one to be more efficient and easier. Therefore, we will break all the irregular English verbs into groups.
1. Match completely
| bet | bet | bet | bet |
| cost | cost | cost | cost |
| cut | cut | cut | cut |
| hit | hit | hit | strike |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | damage |
| let | let | let | let |
| put | put | put | put |
| set | set | set | install, set |
| Shed | Shed | Shed | dump |
| shut | shut | shut | close |
| sleep | sleep | sleep | spit |
| split | split | split | divide, split |
| spread | spread | spread | distribute |
| trust | trust | trust | trust |
2. The second and third forms coincide - p-t
3. Matches the second and third forms - d-t
4. The root vowel changes - ew - own
5. A group of verbs with different root vowels
6. Endings aught/ought
7. Vowel alternation
| become | became | become | become |
| come | came | come | come |
| run | ran | run | run |
8. Vowel alternation + en ending
9. Alternation, ending en, doubling the consonant
| bite | bit | bitten | bite |
| fall | fell | fallen | fall |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbid |
| hide | hidden | hidden | hide |
| ride | rode | ridden | ride |
| write | wrote | written | write |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
10. The second and third forms coincide
| second and third | ||
| built | built | build |
| dig | arc | drip |
| find | found | find |
| get | got | receive |
| have | had | have |
| hear | heard | hear |
| hold | held | hold |
| lead | led | lead |
| leave | left | leave |
| lose | lost | lose |
| make | made | do |
| shine | shone | shine |
| shoot | shot | fire |
| sit | sat | sit |
| win | won | win |
| stick | stuck | stick, stick, |
| strike | struke | hit, hit |
| stand | stood | to stand |
| understand | understood | understand |
| deal | dealt | to deal with |
| mean | meant | to mean |
| sell | sold | sell |
| tell | told | talk |
| lay | laid | put |
| pay | paid | to pay |
| say | said | say |
| bleed | bled | bleed |
| feel | felt | feel |
| meet | met | meet |
| feed | fed | feed |
11. Have two options
| burn | burnt/burned | burnt/burned | burn, burn |
| dream | dream/dream | dream/dream | dream |
| dwell | dwelt/dwelled | dwelt/dwelled | dwell, live |
| hang | hung/hanged | hung/hanged | hang |
| kneel | knelt/kneeled | knelt/kneeled | kneel down, bow down |
| knit | knit/knitted | knit/knitted | to knit |
| lean | lean/leaned | lean/leaned | lean, lean |
| leap | leapt/leaped | leapt/leaped | jump up, jump |
| learn | learned/learned | learned/learned | teach |
| light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted | spark off |
| prove | proved | proven/proved | prove |
| sew | sewed | sewn/sewed | sew |
| smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | smell, smell |
| speed | speeded/speeded | speeded/speeded | accelerate |
| spell | spell/spelled | spell/spelled | to spell |
| spoil | spoilt/spoiled | spoilt/spoiled | spoil |
12. Completely different shapes
Remembering irregular verbs in English at first seems difficult, tedious. But believe me, if you do not reset yourself, learn from the groups that we have provided, you will easily master them. And this is very important! All irregular verbs are very often used in speech. Learn grammar and expand vocabulary.