Where does the snow come from and why is it white? Project: Where does snow come from? The poem is the logical problem of “Snowflakes”. M. Rodina
Soon after children start talking, they start asking a lot of questions, asking about everything they see. And sometimes it can be quite difficult for parents to answer them. Our “whys” will help you cope with complex children’s questions.
Today we answer children's questions about snow.
What is snow?
Snow is a vapor made up of water droplets that freeze at low temperatures. Frozen steam drops are snowflakes.
Although snow is simply frozen water, it is not like ice - unlike ice, it is white and brittle. A snowflake is a collection of small ice crystals that reflect off each other, thereby forming a white color. But snowflakes do not have hardness, because these crystals are very small and cannot withstand any pressure.
Where do snowflakes come from?
Very small drops of water that evaporate under the sun's rays from rivers, lakes, seas and oceans rise into the atmosphere, and when the temperature of the atmosphere reaches sub-zero levels, these vapor drops freeze. Due to the fact that they are very small and light, they float well in the air and fly across the sky. So, flying from side to side, under the influence of the wind, they stick to each other, like snow, from which we then make snowballs. Having stuck together in sufficient quantities to gain weight, the snowflakes become heavier than air and begin to descend to the ground. This is called snowfall.
All crystals have different shapes (needle-shaped, straight, square), but no matter what shape a snowflake is, it in any case has 6 sides; Each snowflake is unique and there is not one in the world with the same pattern.
Why is snow white?
What color is the ice? That's right, none. It is colorless because it allows all sunbeam, entirely, and remains colorless. If the ice did not transmit, but absorbed the entire ray of the sun, all its colors, we would see it black. But ice does not retain, absorb or reflect a single ray of sunlight. And that's why it's colorless.
Each snowflake, each beautiful star individually would freely transmit the entire ray of sunlight through itself, like ice, and would also be colorless. But the snowflakes fall on top of each other in disarray, lying in a loose mass; together they become opaque and therefore cannot transmit the entire ray of the sun through themselves. They reflect it entirely into our eyes. But a ray of sunshine, a sunbeam, is white! And that’s why we see snow as white.
But snow can appear yellow and green and red - if it is illuminated by the lights of an elegant Christmas tree. That is, snow (loose snowdrifts of snowflakes) always reflects the light that falls on it.
But sunlight usually falls on the snow. And the snow is dazzlingly white because it reflects the sun, the purest color of a white sunbeam.
Sheina Natalya
Development of cognitive and productive activity;
Formation of a holistic picture of the world, broadening the horizons of children
Cultivate emotional responsiveness in children.
Preliminary conversation with children, looking at the snow.
Where does snow come from?
Probably every child at least once asked an adult the question: “Where does snow come from? Is it Santa Claus bringing it?” You need to explain to your child where snow comes from and why. it's summer rain and snow in winter. Or maybe you think that snow and it's raining from the same clouds? This is wrong! Let's find out how this really happens. I suggest reading N. A. Guryeva’s story “Snow” from the book “Acquaintance with the Nature of Russia.” “In a snowfall, in calm, windless weather, snowflakes fall from the clouds to the ground like small parachutes. Previously, they thought that snow was frozen droplets of water and that it came from the same clouds as rain. But then scientists proved that snow is never born from water droplets. There is always water vapor in the air. In spring, summer and autumn, steam turns into raindrops, and in winter - into snowflakes. It turns out that water vapor rises very high above the ground, where it is very cold, and tiny crystals form from it. The crystal grows because other tiny crystals attach to it. Having grown heavier, this crystal begins to sink to the ground. As it falls, it continues to grow and turns into a beautiful star - a snowflake. By placing a mitten, you can catch a snowflake and admire its pattern. It seems that every snowflake is different from the others, but scientists have been able to identify several basic forms of snowflakes. They were even given names: star, plate, column, needle, fluff, hedgehog, cufflink. The shape of snowflakes depends on the weather.
"Snowflake".
Konstantin Balmont
Light fluffy
Snowflake white,
How clean
How brave!
Dear stormy
Easy to carry
Not to the azure heights -
Begs to go to earth.
Under the blowing wind
Shakes, flutters,
On him, cherishing,
Lightly swinging.
His swing
She's consoled
With his snowstorms
Spinning wildly.
In the shining rays
Glides skillfully
Among the melting flakes
Preserved white.
But here it ends
The road is long,
touches the earth
Crystal star.
Fluffy lying
Snowflake is brave.
How clean
How white!
Where do snowflakes come from?
Why are all snowflakes different?
The winter months are coming. At this wonderful time of year we can admire snow-white fluffy snowflakes. And at the same time learn a lot about them. After all, the natural world is amazing! But he reveals his secrets only to the most inquisitive and attentive. In our kindergarten there was a competition called “Snowflakes - Fun”. Our children and parents showed high creative activity. Have a nice journey into the world of snowflakes.
Publications on the topic:
MKDOU No. 28 "Guselki" Together with social partners of the Northern Cultural Center, they implemented the project "Where did the bread come from on the table?" in the kindergarten. IN.
Play is the main activity of a preschooler. We begin to master the first games with the group teachers and the teacher-psychologist of our kindergarten.
Within theme week“Fire - friend or foe” was not only reinforced by the pupils of the senior group “A” of the MK Preschool Educational Institution of Pavlovsk Kindergarten No. 10.
Good day, dear colleagues. I would like to offer a photo report for your consideration. Winter is an amazing and magical time of year. I am working.
Preschoolers of the senior “A” group of the MK preschool educational institution of Pavlovsk kindergarten No. 10 took an excursion outside the territory of the kindergarten for the first time. Target.
In connection with the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education, every teacher is looking for new approaches and ideas in their pedagogical activity. Me very much.
Crystal Formation
Snowflake symmetry.
Snow forms when microscopic water droplets in clouds are attracted to dust particles and freeze. The ice crystals that appear, initially not exceeding 0.1 mm in diameter, fall down and grow as a result of condensation of moisture from the air on them. This produces six-pointed crystalline forms. Due to the structure of water molecules, angles of only 60° and 120° are possible between the rays of the crystal. The main water crystal has the shape of a regular hexagon in the plane. New crystals are then deposited on the vertices of such a hexagon, new crystals are deposited on them, and so a variety of different crystals are obtained. different shapes snowflake stars.
Variety of snowflakes
There is such a variety of snowflakes that it is generally believed that no two snowflakes are alike. For example, Kenneth Liebrecht - the author of the largest and most diverse collection of snowflakes - says: "All snowflakes are different, and their grouping (classification) is largely a matter of personal preference." Simple snowflakes, such as prisms that form in low humidity, may look the same even though they are different at the molecular level. Complex star-shaped snowflakes have a unique, distinguishable appearance geometric shape. And variants of such forms, according to physicist John Nelson from Ritsumeikan University ( Japanese) in Kyoto, there are more atoms than there are atoms in the observable universe.
Snow as a weather phenomenon
Snow is one of the indispensable attributes of winter. Although low winter temperatures and absence of snow are possible, one of the main conditions climatic winter- the presence of stable (permanent) snow cover, which lies throughout the winter continuously or with short breaks.
At the same time, in some especially warm regions planets (for example, on the Arabian Peninsula) is weather phenomenon, like snow, is absent or observed only once every few decades.
In Russia, permanent snow cover is established in most of the country. The timing of its installation varies from year to year and from the timing of the onset of climatic winter. In the northeastern regions (Komi Republic, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Chukotka, Yakutia), where the climate is most severe, snow falls already in early October and persists in some places until early June. IN middle lane In Russia, the first snow usually falls at the end of October - beginning of November, the snow cover is established in the second half of November, and disappears completely at the end of March. In the flat part of the southern regions of the European part of Russia (especially in the Black Sea region), long-term snow cover (longer than 2-3 weeks) is established only in particularly severe winters, and not everywhere.
Types of snowfalls
In addition to the typical ones, there are special snowfalls associated with extratropical cyclones, lakes and mountainous areas.
Extratropical cyclones, characteristic of the Northern Hemisphere for Western Europe, Canada and Greenland, can create extreme conditions when there is heavy rain and heavy snow with winds exceeding 119 km/h. The deposition band that is associated with their warm front is often extensive, caused by weak upward movement of air over the frontal boundary; the moisture condenses as it cools and creates precipitation, forming a band of nimbostratus clouds. In the cold sector, poleward and west of the cyclone center, small to medium bands of snowfall typically range from 32 to 80 km in width. These stripes are associated with areas of cyclone frontogenesis, or zones of temperature contrast.
Often coming with cyclones cold air can lead to snow band effects over large bodies of water: large lakes effectively store heat, resulting in a significant temperature difference (more than 13 °C) between the surface of the water and the air above, due to this temperature difference, heat and moisture move upward, condensing into vertically oriented clouds that produce snow. The greater the decrease in temperature with altitude, the thicker the clouds that form and the more intense the snowfall.
IN mountainous areas heavy snowfalls occur when the air is forced to rise into the mountains and, cooling, give off excess atmospheric moisture, which falls in the cold conditions of the highlands on their windward slopes in the form of snow. Due to the nature of the mountainous landscape, forecasting heavy snowfalls remains a serious problem here.
Types of snow
Types of snow can be identified by the shape of the flakes, the rate of accumulation, and the ways in which it accumulates on the ground. Types of snow precipitation that, due to melting and freezing cycles, fall as pellets rather than flakes are known as pellets. Once on the ground, snow can be classified as powdery when it is still fluffy, granular when it has gone through a cycle of melting and freezing, and eventually as solid ice after compacting and drifting downward through repeated melting and freezing cycles. . Skiers and snowboarders divide the fallen snow into powder, snow, crust, slush and ice. When the snow is powdery, under the influence of the wind it can create snow drifts far from the place of initial fall, forming high snowdrifts or snow pits several meters deep. Snow barriers are designed to manage snow drifting near roads, improving road safety. Snow that falls on mountain slopes can turn into a snow slab, which can roll down a steep slope in the form of an avalanche. The frozen equivalent of dew, known as frost, forms snow forms on cooled objects when winds are light.
The intensity of snowfall is determined by visibility. When visibility is more than 1 km, the snow is considered light. Moderate snow describes snowfall that limits visibility to 0.5-1 km. Heavy snowfall is called when visibility is less than 0.5 km. Persistent snow of significant intensity is often called a “blizzard” (snow storm). When snow is of varying intensity and short duration, it is described as "shower snow".
Story
Research
On the morning of February 28, while taking my usual walk in the Yusupov Garden in St. Petersburg, I was struck by the unusual appearance of snowflakes falling on my coat. They consisted mostly of small columns, two millimeters in length, fig. 2, at both ends of which and in a plane perpendicular to their axis were attached disks with a diameter of about 1 millimeter.
Snowflake of unusual shape
I had never seen such an original form of snowflakes before, and therefore, armed with a magnifying glass, I began to take a closer look at all the details of their structure, which I tried to express in fig. 1. The column of white, opaque ice seemed cylindrical to me without any internal emptiness. All the posts were the same size, about 2 millimeters long and about 1/4 millimeter wide. It is possible and even probable that these columns were hexagonal prisms; but in the drawing I did not dare to do this, since, upon careful observation of several dozen snowflakes through a magnifying glass, the columns seemed cylindrical to me. I will say the same about two transparent ice disks attached to both ends of the column. They also seemed to be perfectly regular circles to the eye and through a magnifying glass. b b, although the base of their shape was probably a hexagon, as indicated by the number of spokes located radially inside the circles and almost always fluctuating between the numbers 6 or 12. Only in one case did I count 24 such spokes. Inside the circle was visible the round base of a column, the image of which represented a small opaque point, surrounded by a very thin radial stenciling, seemingly resting on the edge of the column. The number of these miniature rays could not be counted, but, apparently, it corresponded to the number of spokes of the circle. These latter seemed to me to be triangular, elongated pyramids (Fig. 3) made of completely transparent ice, resting with their base on the edge of the edge of the column, and with their apex on the edge of the disk. The space between these pyramids was filled with very delicate feathery formations of the shape shown in fig. 4. What especially struck me in these snowflakes was the original formation on the outer edge of the disks, decorated with a row of needles standing vertically on the outermost edge of the disk. The number of these needles, which also seemed to me like trihedral pyramids, always strictly corresponded to the number of spokes of the disk and, moreover, there were 4 needles for each spoke With. I found drawings of this very rare type of snowflakes from various authors, but everywhere only in the most general terms, without details. None, for example, show the knitting needles inside the disks and the needles located on their outer edge. Along with the described snowflakes, snowflakes of an ordinary hexagonal shape also fell, but in a very limited number.
The weather was cloudy, with weak S.W. and −5° Reaumur.
Snow, especially freshly fallen snow, is a good heat insulator - etc. = 0.1 −0.15 W/m*deg (at the level of good insulation materials). Although, as caking progresses, CTP increases to 0.6-0.7 W/m*g.
Creak (crunch) of snow
When squeezed, snow makes a sound reminiscent of a squeak (crunch). This sound occurs when walking in the snow, pressing on fresh snow with sled runners, skis, making snowballs, etc.
The creaking of snow can be heard at temperatures below −2° (according to other sources, below −5°). Above this temperature the squeak is not heard.
It is believed that there are three main causes of sounds:
- breaking snow crystals;
- sliding (displacement and friction) of snow crystals against each other under pressure;
- deformation of the crystal lattice.
The main reason for the creaking (crunching) of snow is considered to be the first one (breaking of crystals).
There are two maxima in the acoustic spectrum of snow creaking: in the range of 250-400 Hz and 1000-1600 Hz. The nature of the sounds produced depends on the temperature of the snow. At the beginning of the 20th century, meteorologists even proposed estimating the temperature of snow by the nature of the creaking. Breaking ice icicles and breaking ice with an icebreaker give a similar frequency distribution (125-200 Hz and 1250-2000 Hz), however in the case of ice the maxima are more clearly defined and separated from each other. Increasing frost makes the crystals harder, but more fragile. As a result of this, the high-frequency component (1000-1600 Hz) increases - the creaking of dry, frosty snow. If the frost weakens and the temperature rises above −6 °C, then the high-frequency maximum smoothes out and then almost completely disappears.
The melting of snow also affects the nature of the friction of snowflakes against each other: moistened (lubricated with water) crystals produce a sound different from the sound of friction of dry snowflakes, and at a temperature above a certain level the snow stops creaking altogether. This is due to the fact that at a certain temperature, when squeezed, snowflakes do not so much break as they begin to melt, the energy of compression is spent not on breaking the crystals, but on melting the snowflakes, the released water wets the snowflakes and instead of dry friction, “snowflakes sliding on a wetted surface” occurs.
The shape of the snowflakes also influences the nature of the sound.
A creaking sound similar to the creaking of snow can be obtained by squeezing, for example, mixed salt and sugar. This was used, in particular, when dubbing the film “Alexander Nevsky”.
Melting and sublimation
Melting snow cover
Under normal conditions, snow melts at air temperatures above 0 °C. However, in nature, significant volumes of snow evaporate even when negative temperatures, bypassing the liquid phase. This process is easy to observe on your own. This transition from solid state to gaseous is called sublimation or sublimation. Sublimation of snow occurs especially intensively under the influence of sunlight, however, there are studies demonstrating intense evaporation of snow particles as a result of their interaction during blizzard snow transfer.
Snow on other planets and satellites
See also
Snow on tree branches
Notes
- Brovkin V.V. Atmospheric phenomena - classification and description
- White magic > Physics > “All sorts of things” - Library of various articles
- Joan Von Ahn; Joe Sienkiewicz; Greggory McFadden (2005-04). "Hurricane Force Extratropical Cyclones Observed Using QuikSCAT Near Real Time Winds." Mariners Weather Log(Voluntary Observing Ship Program) 49 (1). Retrieved 2009-07-07.
- Owen Hertzman (1988). "Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Rainbands in Midlatitude Cyclones Abstract" (University of Washington). Bibcode: 1988PhDT.......110H.
- Yuh-Lang Lin Mesoscale Dynamics. - Cambridge University Press, 2007. - P. 405. - ISBN 978-0-521-80875-0
- K. Heidbreder. Mesoscale snow banding, TheWeatherPrediction.com(October 16, 2007). Retrieved July 7, 2009.
- David R. Novak, Lance F. Bosart, Daniel Keyser, and Jeff S. Waldstreicher. A climatological and composite study of cold season banded precipitation in the Northeast United States.
- B. Geerts. Lake Effect Snow. , University of Wyoming.
- Greg Byrd Lake Effect Snow. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (June 3, 1998). Archived
- Karl W. Birkeland and Cary J. Mock (1996). "Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Associated With Heavy Snowfall Events, Bridger Bowl, Montana, USA." Mountain Research and Development 16 (3): 281–286. DOI:10.2307/3673951.
- Glossary of Meteorology Ice pellets Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
- Glossary of Meteorology Snow pellets. American Meteorological Society (2009). Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
- Joy Haden CoCoRaHS in the Cold – Measuring in Snowy Weather. Colorado Climate Center (February 8, 2005). Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
- Caroline Gammel Snow Britain: Snow drifts and blizzards of the past. Telegraph Media Group (2 February 2009). Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
- ScienceDaily (2009-02-06). ""SnowMan" Software Helps Keep Snow Drifts Off The Road."
- David McClung and Peter Schaerer The Avalanche Handbook. - The Mountaineers Books, 2006. - P. 49–51. - ISBN 978-0-89886-809-8
- Glossary of Meteorology Snow. American Meteorological Society (2009). Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Winter Storms...the Deceptive Killers . United States Department of Commerce (November 1991). Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
- Glossary of Meteorology Snow shower. American Meteorological Society (2009). Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
- BASIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER, WATER VAPOR, ICE, SNOW
- Page 2
- http://edu.nstu.ru/frc/konkurs/snow_ice/10.htm
- Riddles of simple water. Books. Science and technology
- http://www.aliki.ru/library/n-t/tp/mr/sn.htm
- Simple experiments. Snow creaks:: Cool physics
- Dunin A.K. In the kingdom of snow. - Novosibirsk: Science, Siberian Branch, 1983.
- McFadden Lucy-Ann, Weissman Paul, Johnson Torrence Encyclopedia of the Solar System. - 2. - Academic Press, 2006. - P. 483–502. - ISBN 0-12-088589-1
- “The orange snow that fell in the Omsk region turned out to be non-radioactive” Lenta.ru, 02/02/2007.
Literature
- Izvestia Imperial Historical Society. Volume XXV. 1889. St. Petersburg.
Links
- Text of the miniature by J. Kepler “On Hexagonal Snowflakes”.
- Wilson Bentley's Snowflake Collection
- About snowflakes
| Weather | |
|---|---|
| Seasons | Winter Spring Summer Autumn |
| Atmospheric precipitation | |
Why snowflakes are different: let’s find out the world around us
Let's get to know the world around us: where do snowflakes come from? Why are all snowflakes different? Poems, fairy tales, speech exercises and a fun educational video lesson for kids.
It's the last month of winter. And in recent weeks we have been able to admire snow-white fluffy snowflakes. And at the same time learn a lot about them. After all, the natural world is amazing! But he reveals his secrets only to the most inquisitive and attentive. Have a nice journey into the world of snowflakes.
Let's get to know the world around us: snowflakes
Where does snow come from?
Probably every child at least once asked an adult the question: “Where does snow come from? Is it Santa Claus bringing it?” It's time to explain to your child where snow comes from and why it rains in summer and snows in winter. Or maybe you think that snow and rain come from the same clouds? This is wrong! Let's find out how this really happens. For the little ones, I have prepared an interesting cartoon with the answer to this question. And for older children, in addition to the cartoon, I suggest reading N. A. Guryeva’s story “Snow” from the book “Acquaintance with the Nature of Russia.” (I highly recommend that parents and teachers purchase this wonderful book about nature for children)
“In a snowfall, in calm, windless weather, snowflakes fall from the clouds to the ground like small parachutes. Previously, they thought that snow was frozen droplets of water and that it came from the same clouds as rain. But then scientists proved that snow is never born from water droplets. There is always water vapor in the air. In spring, summer and autumn, steam turns into raindrops, and in winter - into snowflakes. It turns out that water vapor rises very high above the ground, where it is very cold, and tiny crystals form from it. The crystal grows because other tiny crystals attach to it. Having grown heavier, this crystal begins to sink to the ground. As it falls, it continues to grow and turns into a beautiful star - a snowflake. By placing a mitten, you can catch a snowflake and admire its pattern. It seems that every snowflake is different from the others, but scientists have been able to identify several basic forms of snowflakes. They were even given names:
- star,
- plate,
- column,
- needle,
- fluff,
- stud.
The shape of snowflakes depends on the weather.
- On a windless frosty day, snowflakes fall slowly. They are large, shiny, like stars. Snowflakes fall one at a time, so they are easy to see.
- In mild frost, snowflakes look like snow balls - "snow pellets" And when strong wind coming "snow dust", since the wind breaks off the rays and edges of the snowflakes.
- When there is no frost, falling to the ground, snowflakes stick to each other and form « snow flakes» . They are large and resemble pieces of cotton wool.”
After reading the story, ask your child:
- What are snowflakes made of?
- What are they?
- What are “snow pellets”, “snow dust”, “snow flakes”?
Every time you leave home for a walk, to the store, to kindergarten or school, pay attention to the weather and snowflakes. What kind of snow is it today? Why is he like this? Remember with your child when he saw snow flakes and made snowmen out of them. When was there prickly snow? And why was it so unpleasant from him? What happened to these snowflakes - why did they suddenly become prickly? (The wind broke off their rays.)
Do you want to become wizards and see all the transformations of snowflakes on your computer screen? Then read on :)
Why are all snowflakes different?
Invite your child to catch two identical snowflakes in his mitten. Catch snowflakes and examine them on your mitten. You can show your child how to use a magnifying glass to look at snowflakes. Couldn't catch exactly the same snowflakes? Want to know why? I invite you and your child to a fun lesson at the forest school. Together with fairy-tale characters, the child will learn:
- where do snowflakes come from?
- what are they?
- Why are all snowflakes different in shape?
- How far does a snowflake travel on its way from heaven to earth?
- How does invisible air help snowflakes?
In an entertaining video for children about snowflakes, the child will see with his own eyes how snowflakes are made and how far they travel.
Snowflakes are made from pieces of ice, just like children's buildings are made from construction set parts. In order for your child to understand how small these pieces of ice are in size, do a small task. Show your child a ruler and 1 mm divisions. Examine these 1 mm divisions under a magnifying glass. Count on your computer screen how many of these pieces of ice fit in this small millimeter division of the ruler!!! Look how tiny these pieces of ice are! Remember with your child how he built houses, cars, and airplanes from construction kit parts. He took small parts - but the building turned out to be large. Nature also knows how to build. But she builds not houses, but snowflakes from an unusual ice constructor - from tiny pieces of ice!
Speech exercises.
Exercise 1. I’ll start, and you finish, answer in unison
- The snowflake is small, but the piece of ice is still... (smaller).
- The tree is big, and the house is still... (bigger).
- The cloud is white, and the snowflake is even ... (whiter).
- The blanket is fluffy, but the snowflake is even... (fluffier).
- A feather is light, but a snowflake is even... (lighter).
If your child makes a mistake, correct him. At the same time, do not repeat the child’s incorrect answer! In your speech, your child needs to hear only the right words! And then offer to find more words with this word. For example: the child said “easier” instead of the word “easier.” Then we come up with more questions: “The book is light, but the piece of paper is even... (lighter). Jumping is easy, but running is even... (easier). Now come up with a task for me.” And the baby composes a similar sentence - a riddle for you, and at the same time practices the grammar of the Russian language, comprehends its laws!
Exercise 2. Let’s help winter (selection of adjectives and verbs for the word “snowflakes”)
To carry out the exercise, you will need to cut out small circles about 2-3 cm in size from white paper and draw one snowflake on each of them. You will also need a background. In the background we will lay out a large snowdrift from our circles - snowflakes. The background can be a regular sheet of colored cardboard or a picture. Children are invited to help winter and make a big snowdrift out of snowflakes. But our snowflakes are magical. They can only fly if you tell them the magic word. Therefore, the rule will be this: say the word and take a snowflake, and now put it on the picture to build a snowdrift. Once we find a lot of words, we end up with a snowdrift! The forest dwellers will rejoice at him!
Tasks for the game:
Task 1. What kind of snow/snowflakes are there? Take turns choosing words with your child. They said the word and put down a snowflake. Now it's the child's turn. He says the word and puts down his snowflake. So we build a big snowdrift together. In the game, an adult speaks complex, rarely used words, while a child speaks more common and easier ones. With your child, remember the words from famous poems about winter - what words do they use to describe snowflakes? You will find some verses at the end of the article.
Sample vocabulary for the game:
What snowflakes? White, small, tiny, light, cold, lace, carved, clean, wet, fluffy, beautiful, shiny, sparkling, radiant, dazzling, silver, needle-like, large, small, icy, delicate, fragile.
What kind of snow? Light, sticky, white, sparkling, silver, fluffy, soft, cold, wet, clean, loose, dense, heavy.
Task 2. What are snowflakes doing? (option – what does snow do?)
Sample vocabulary for the game:
Snowflakes fall, fly, spin, lie on the ground like a snow carpet, sparkle, shine, melt, waltz, flutter.
Snow flies, swirls, creaks, shines in the sun, shines, falls, falls, walks, pours, lies, blinds the eyes.
In this game, the child sees a clear result of his efforts, his speech actions, which is very, very important for him! Otherwise, he will quickly lose interest in choosing words! But when helping Santa Claus or winter, the kid tries to find as many suitable words as possible!
Task 3. It's snowing. What else is going on? ( Time goes by, the bus is coming, the train is coming, etc.) / Who is coming? (A passer-by is walking, a mother is walking, a boy is walking, etc.). In this task, the child will get acquainted with the phenomenon of polysemy of words (we do not tell him the term, he simply selects the words in the task, listens to them, learns their meaning).
Exercise 3. Make up a word
- Snow is falling. This… ? (Snowfall).
- Walks in the snow. What… ? (Snowmobile)
- Rolling around in the snow. What… ? (Snowmobile)
- A machine removes snow. Which…? (Snow removal).
- White as snow. Which…? (Snow White).
In this task, the child learns to form new words from known ones. This is a very important skill. Even if the child makes a mistake and comes up with his own “funny” words, that’s great. Word creation and experimentation with words develops children's speech abilities. But be sure to support your child after the children’s version and tell the child the correct version: “The word you came up with could be in Russian. But people agreed to call it something else. We call it - ... (correct option)."
Poems about snowflakes for children
I'll start with my favorite, touching, tender and bewitching poem about a snowflake. A fragment from this poem can be learned by heart with a child of senior preschool age and remembered on a walk, while looking at winter landscapes and photographs.
Snowflake. Konstantin Balmont
Light fluffy
Snowflake white,
How clean
How brave!Dear stormy
Easy to carry
Not to the azure heights -
Begs to go to earth.Under the blowing wind
Shakes, flutters,
On him, cherishing,
Lightly swinging.His swing
She's consoled
With his snowstorms
Spinning wildly.In the shining rays
Glides skillfully
Among the melting flakes
Preserved white.But here it ends
The road is long,
touches the earth
Crystal star.Fluffy lying
Snowflake is brave.
How clean
How white!
The poem is the logical problem of “Snowflakes”. M. Rodina
A very interesting poem - logic problem for children. After reading the poem, ask your child to guess who took the snowflakes. And then read the next poem - the answer.
At my sister's, at Marinka's,
There are two snowflakes on the palm,
I wanted to show everyone
Lo and behold, there are no snowflakes in sight!
Who took the snowflakes?
At my Marinka's?
Snowflake. G. Abelyan
- Get down, snowflake,
On my palm:
You've been spinning for a long time,
Get some rest.
- Look, how cunning!
You think I don't know!
Warm on your palm
I'll melt right away!
I wish everyone a pleasant and interesting last days of winter! I hope that our meeting was interesting and useful for you and your children!
How does snow form?
As you know, snow - one of the types atmospheric precipitation . And the most important condition for its formation is cold. Water begins to freeze already at 0°С. Snow itself is formed when tiny water droplets in clouds are drawn to dust particles and immediately freeze. This is how ice crystals are formed, the size of which initially does not exceed 0.1 millimeters (in diameter). Then they fall down and grow thanks to air moisture condensation. This is where the six-pointed shapes of snowflakes are formed.
It is noteworthy that due to the structure of water molecules between the sides of snowflakes, angles of only 60 or 120 degrees.
More about the formation of snowflakes
Snowflakes owe their snow-white color air, which lies in their cavities. When light from a variety of waves hits snowflake crystals, it is reflected and scattered. The crystals themselves shimmer in many colors.
Every snowflake contains ~95% air. That's why they have very low density And slow fall rate.
The largest snowflakes in history were observed at the end of January 1887 in Montana (). One of the “snowflakes” found there had the size 37 by 20 centimeters! Later, in 1971, snowflakes measuring about 20 by 30 centimeters. With all this, normal size the average snowflake rarely exceeds 5 millimeters in diameter(weight in the area 0.005 grams).
Types of snow formation
Snowfall can take very different forms. They depend directly on air temperature and wind force. Here are the main snow forms:
- snow crystals. These are individual and independent ice formations. May have symmetry;
- snowflakes. Which is what I was talking about. This is a collection of snow crystals that have been loosely fused into a clump;
- frost. Severely supercooled water droplets that freeze when touched earth's surface;
- "cereal". These are loosely bound frozen drops of water. They are often called "soft hail";
- hail. Large pieces of ice can reach impressive sizes.
This is how normal snowfall can form in different ways.