The heart is three-chambered with an incomplete septum. What animals have a three-chambered heart? Reptiles - mammals
1. About complication circulatory system compared to reptiles, indicates
1. The presence of two atria in the heart
2. Formation of an incomplete septum in the ventricle of the heart
3. The appearance of a three-chambered heart
4. Complete separation of venous and arterial blood
Explanation: Reptiles have a three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle, due to which the blood mixes, two circles of blood circulation. Mammals have two ventricles (accordingly, a complete septum between them), two circles of blood circulation, and the blood does not mix. The correct answer is 4.
2. Complex shapes Behaviors caused by the presence of the cerebral cortex are manifested in
1. Reptiles
2. Pisces
3. Amphibians
4. Mammals
Explanation: complex forms of behavior associated with a developed cerebral cortex are characteristic of mammals. The correct answer is 4.
3. Which part of the hearing organ of vertebrates develops only in mammals?
1. Middle ear cavity
2. Inner ear
3. Eustachian tube
4. Auricle
Explanation: Not a single class of animals, except mammals, has an auricle, but all other parts of the auditory analyzer do. The correct answer is 4.
4. Common dolphin plunging into depths of the sea, consumes the oxygen contained in
1. Lungs
2. Body cavities
3. Air bags
4. Gill
Explanation: The dolphin is a secondary aquatic mammal, that is, the dolphin's ancestors lived on land. And, like any other mammal, it has lungs in its respiratory system with which it breathes. It has neither air sacs (like birds), nor gills (like fish), and air does not accumulate in the body cavities either. The correct answer is 1.
5. In the process of evolution, which vertebrates first developed a three-chambered heart and lungs?
1. Reptiles
2. Birds
3. Amphibians
4. Pisces
Explanation: a three-chambered heart and lungs appeared in animals whose development is not associated with water, these are reptiles. The correct answer is 1.
6. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in
1. Trachea
2. Bronchi
3. Larynx
4. Pulmonary vesicles
Explanation: Mammals are the most highly organized animals and their gas exchange occurs in the pulmonary vesicles (alveoli). The correct answer is 4.
7. Birds have a heart -
1. Four-chamber
2. Two-chamber
3. Three-chamber, with a septum in the stomach
4. Three-chamber, without a partition in the stomach
Explanation: Birds are fairly highly organized animals with an intense metabolism and warm-bloodedness, so their heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The correct answer is 1.
8. Internal fertilization is typical for
1. Bony fish
2. Tailless amphibians
3. Tailed amphibians
4. Reptiles
Explanation: internal fertilization is characteristic of organisms that do not require water for development. Such organisms are, of the listed, reptiles. The correct answer is 4.
9. An incomplete septum in the ventricle of the heart appeared in the process of evolution in
1. Birds
2. Amphibians
3. Mammals
4. Reptiles
Explanation: Birds have a four-chambered heart, that is, the septum between the ventricles is complete (as in mammals), in amphibians there is no septum at all, so the heart is three-chambered, and in reptiles an incomplete septum appears, but already in crocodiles it becomes complete and their heart is four-chambered. The correct answer is 4.
10. Air bags as part respiratory system available from
1. Birds
2. Amphibians
3. Mammals
4. Reptiles
Explanation: Air sacs are an adaptation for flight, so they are part of the respiratory system of birds. The correct answer is 1.
11. Characteristics that distinguish amphibians from other vertebrates include
1. Dismembered limbs and differentiated spine
2. Heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle
3. Bare mucous skin and external fertilization
4. Closed circulatory system and two-chamber heart
Explanation: all vertebrates have dismembered limbs and differentiated spines, reptiles have a heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle, fish have a closed circulatory system and a two-chambered heart, and amphibians have bare skin and external fertilization. The correct answer is 3.
12. A high metabolic rate allows birds
1. Take care of the offspring
2. Lay eggs in nests
3. Eat a plant-based diet
4. Expend a lot of energy during the flight
Explanation: high level metabolism is one of the adaptations for flight, so we choose to spend large quantity energy during flight. The correct answer is 4.
13. One of the signs of the complication of birds and mammals compared to reptiles is
1. Division of the body into sections
2. Constant body temperature
3. Internal skeleton
4. Presence of organ systems
Explanation: Birds and mammals, unlike all other animals, have a three-chambered heart and a constant body temperature. The correct answer is 2.
14. The highest level of metabolism is characteristic of
1. Bony fish
2. Arthropods
3. Amphibians
4. Mammals
Explanation: the highest level of metabolism is characteristic of the most highly organized group of animals. Among the answer options presented, the most progressive group is mammals. The correct answer is 4.
15. Mammary glands of mammals are modified glands
1. Sweat
2. Greasy
3. Salivary
4. Endocrine
Explanation: mammary glands are exocrine glands that arose from sweat glands (that is, they are modified sweat glands). The correct answer is 1.
16. Which of the listed characters first appeared in chordates?
1. Intestines
2. Nervous system
3. Circulatory system
4. Internal skeleton
Explanation: The vast majority of chordates have an internal bony skeleton (or cartilaginous), this is a progressive feature. The correct answer is 4.
Tasks for independent solution
1. Which of the following animals first developed a spine during the process of evolution?
1. Lancelets
2. Arthropods
3. Amphibians
4. Pisces
The correct answer is 4.
2. Lancelet belongs to the group of animals
1. Invertebrates
2. Vertebrates
3. Skullless
4. Soft-bodied
The correct answer is 3.
3. Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart, closely related to aquatic environment, combined into a class
1. Reptiles
2. Lantsetnikov
3. Amphibians
4. Cartilaginous fish
The correct answer is 3.
4. What kind of blood are supplied to the body cells of vertebrates?
1. Mixed
2. Venous
3. Arterial
4. Saturated with carbon dioxide
The correct answer is 3.
5. Arterial blood in the heart does not mix with venous blood
1. Most reptiles
2. Birds and mammals
3. Tailed amphibians
4. Tailless amphibians
The correct answer is 2.
6. What animals have an external skeleton made of chitin?
1. Bivalves
2. Turtles
3. Arthropods
4. Gastropods
The correct answer is 3.
7. Which part of the brain is most developed in mammals?
1. Forebrain
2. Cerebellum
3. Midbrain
4. Diencephalon
The correct answer is 1.
8. In which of the listed groups of animals, in the process of evolution, two atria first appeared in the heart?
1. Reptiles
2. Pisces
3. Amphibians
4. Skullless
The correct answer is 3.
9. Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart, pulmonary and cutaneous respiration, -
1. Amphibians
2. Cartilaginous fish
3. Mammals
4. Reptiles
The correct answer is 1.
10. The systemic and pulmonary circulation have
1. Amphibians
2. Lancelets
3. Bony fish
4. Cartilaginous fish
The correct answer is 1.
11. Snakes are different from lizards
1. The presence of horny cover
2. Feeding on live prey
3. Fused transparent eyelids
4. The ability to hide in holes
The correct answer is 3.
12. Dry skin with horny scales or scutes covers the body
1. Amphibians
2. Reptiles
3. Cartilaginous fish
4. Bony fish
The correct answer is 2.
13. Among vertebrates, the most complex structure of the circulatory and nervous systems have
1. Cartilaginous and bony fish
2. Tailed and tailless amphibians
3. Aquatic reptiles
4. Birds and mammals
The correct answer is 4.
14. How do higher mammals differ from marsupials?
1. Development of the coat
2. Duration of intrauterine development
3. Feeding offspring with milk
4. Internal fertilization
The correct answer is 2.
15. The bats navigate in flight using
1. Ultrasounds
2. Organs of vision
3. Taste organs
4. Ultraviolet rays
The correct answer is 1.
16. Snakes can swallow prey many times the diameter of their body thanks to
1. Flattened head and wide mouth
2. A small number of teeth and a voluminous stomach
3. High mobility of the jaw bones
4. Large sizes head and body
The correct answer is 3.
17. Birds differ from reptiles in character
1. The presence of yolk in the egg
2. Reproduction by eggs
3. Feeding offspring
4. Reproduction on land
The correct answer is 3.
18. Vertebrates that have a three-chambered heart and bare skin are classified as
1. Pisces
2. Mammals
3. Reptiles
4. Amphibians
The correct answer is 4.
19. Mammals can be distinguished from other vertebrates by the presence
1. Hair and ears
2. Dry skin with horny scales
3. Claws and tail
4. Four limb running type
The correct answer is 1.
20. The tadpole’s heart resembles a heart in structure
1. Pisces
2. Shellfish
3. Reptile
4. Adult amphibian
The correct answer is 1.
21. Skullless animals have a skeleton
1. Bone
2. Cartilaginous
3. Consists of chitin
4. Represented by a chord
The correct answer is 4.
22. The body cavity, mantle and shell have
1. Coelenterates
2. Crustaceans
3. Shellfish
4. Arthropods
The correct answer is 3.
23. In the distribution of mammals among orders, the most important feature is
1. The nature of the body cover
2. Teeth structure
3. Habitat
4. Body shape
The correct answer is 2.
24. Bony fish, unlike cartilaginous fish,
1. They have paired fins
2. Covered with scales
3. Have a swim bladder
4. They live in the depths of the ocean
The correct answer is 3.
25. Body cells are supplied with more oxygen in animals with
1. Gill breathing
2. Unclosed circulatory system
3. Indirect development
4. Constant body temperature
The correct answer is 4.
26. Fish determine the direction and speed of water movement, the distance to underwater objects, and the depth of immersion with the help of an organ
1. Vision
2. Touch
3. Rumor
4. Lateral line
The correct answer is 4.
27. The body shape of tadpoles, the presence of a lateral line, gills, a two-chambered heart, and one circulation indicate that amphibians are related to
1. Reptiles
2. Shellfish
3. Lancelets
4. Pisces
The correct answer is 4.
28. Mammals differ from other vertebrates in the presence
1. Nervous system
2. Five parts of the brain
3. Hairline
4. Sexual reproduction
The correct answer is 3.
1. Type
2. Family
3. Rod
4th grade
The correct answer is 4.
30. You can recognize amphibians among vertebrates of other classes by
1. Having two pairs of limbs
2. Skin with bone scales covered with mucus
3. Dry skin with horny scales or scutes
4. Bare, moist skin with many glands
The correct answer is 4.
31. Complex forms of behavior due to the presence of the cerebral cortex appear in
1. Reptiles
2. Pisces
3. Amphibians
4. Mammals
The correct answer is 4.
32. An ordinary dolphin, plunging into the depths of the sea, consumes the oxygen contained in
1. Lungs
2. Body cavities
3. Air bags
4. Gill
The correct answer is 1.
33. In the process of evolution, which vertebrates first developed a three-chambered heart and lungs?
1. Reptiles
2. Birds
3. Amphibians
4. Pisces
The correct answer is 3.
34. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in
1. Trachea
2. Bronchi
3. Larynx
4. Pulmonary vesicles
The correct answer is 4.
| Bony fish | Amphibians (frogs and newts) | Reptiles (lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles) | Birds | Mammals (animals) |
| covered with scales | Naked, covered in mucus (mucus moisturizes the skin so the skin can breathe) | Dry, without glands, | Has glands, covered with hair (hair) | |
| covered with horny scales | covered with feathers | |||
| Breathe gills | Saccular (primitive) lungs and skin | Cellular | Spongy | Alveolar |
| light | ||||
| Heart two-chamber | Three-chamber | Three-chamber with incomplete partition | Four-chamber (complete separation of arterial and venous blood) | |
| Cold Blooded ( Body temperature depends on temperature environment) | Warm-blooded (body temperature is constant, remain active regardless of ambient temperature) | |||
| Fertilization external (occurs in water) | Internal (occurs inside the mother’s body) | |||
| Development occurs in an aquatic environment. | Occurs inside the egg | Occurs inside the mother’s body in a special organ, the uterus, which contains the placenta. | ||
| A larva with gills and a lateral line (tadpole) emerges from the egg. | covered with a leathery (parchment) shell. The first completely terrestrial animals, because development is not related to water. | shelled | ||
Additionally
Amphibians:
- no chest, only one cervical vertebra.
- the tadpole looks like a fish (no legs, breathes with gills, two-chambered heart, lateral line). The tadpole can only develop in water, so amphibians cannot be considered completely land animals.
Reptiles- the first completely land animals.
Birds:
- have a keel for attaching flight muscles.
- lightness: hollow bones, no bladder, one ovary.
- Double breathing doubles the supply of oxygen.
Mammals:
- They feed their young with milk (they have mammary glands).
- there is a diaphragm (muscle, the border between the chest and abdominal cavities).
- differentiated (different) teeth – incisors, canines, molars.
- good brain development, complex behavior.
FISH - Amphibians
1. Establish a correspondence between the characteristic of animals and the class for which this characteristic is characteristic: 1) Fish, 2) Amphibians. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) the presence of a cervical vertebra
B) absence of ribs
B) indirect development
D) the presence of lever limbs
D) two-chamber heart
E) absence of lungs
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between the sign of the circulatory system and the class of vertebrates for which it is characteristic: 1) bony fish, 2) amphibians
A) the heart is filled with venous blood
B) the presence of a three-chambered heart
B) blood mixes in the ventricle of the heart
D) one circle of blood circulation
D) the presence of one atrium
Answer
3. Establish a correspondence between the structural features and the classes of animals for which they are characteristic: 1) Bony fish, 2) Amphibians. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) three-chambered heart
B) division of the spine into caudal and trunk sections
B) one circle of blood circulation
D) paired lungs
D) the presence of a cervical vertebra
E) bare skin covered with mucus
Answer
Amphibians - reptiles
1. Match the characteristics of animals with the classes for which this characteristic is characteristic: 1) amphibians, 2) reptiles
A) internal fertilization
B) fertilization in most species is external
B) indirect development
D) reproduction and development occurs on land
D) thin skin covered with mucus
E) eggs with a large supply of nutrients
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between the animal’s characteristic and the class for which it is characteristic: 1) amphibians, 2) reptiles
A) pulmonary and cutaneous breathing
B) external fertilization
B) dry skin, without glands
D) postembryonic development with transformation
D) reproduction and development occurs on land
E) fertilized eggs with high content yolk
Answer
3. Establish a correspondence between the characteristic and the class for which this characteristic is characteristic: 1) Amphibians, 2) Reptiles. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) a small supply of nutrients in the eggs
B) cutaneous and pulmonary respiration
B) reproduction and development in water
D) direct postembryonic development
D) dry skin, without glands
E) internal fertilization
Answer
4. Establish a correspondence between the sign of an animal and the class to which it belongs: 1) Amphibians 2) Reptiles. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) thin, mucous skin
B) breathes using the lungs and moist skin
C) the skin is dry, the respiratory organs are lungs
D) three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle
D) three-chambered heart without a septum in the ventricle
E) reproduces in water
Answer
5. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and the classes of animals to which they belong: 1) Reptiles, 2) Amphibians. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) the skin contains many glands
B) the body is covered with horny scales
B) there is a trachea and a bronchial system
D) the cervical spine is represented by one vertebra
D) the chest is absent
E) there is an incomplete septum in the ventricle of the heart
Answer
6. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and classes of animals to which they belong: 1) Reptiles, 2) Amphibians. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) skin without glands with horny scutes
B) costal type of breathing
B) direct development
D) shell, leathery membranes of eggs
E) sac-like lungs
Answer
FORMING 7:
H) abundance of skin glands
K) chest
L) laying eggs
Amphibians - BIRDS
Establish a correspondence between the features of the respiratory system and the classes for which these features are characteristic: 1) Amphibians, 2) Birds. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) there are air bags
B) the lungs have a spongy structure
C) ratio of skin surface to lung surface 2:3
D) the lungs are represented by hollow sacs
D) double breathing
E) partially cutaneous breathing
Answer
AMPHIBIDES - MAMMALS
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of reproduction and the classes of animals for which they are characteristic: 1) Amphibians, 2) Mammals. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) an egg with a large supply of nutrients
B) development of the embryo in the uterus
B) the presence of a placenta
D) development with metamorphosis
D) the presence of a larval stage in development
E) fertilization in the oviducts
Answer
REPTILES - BIRDS
1. Establish a correspondence between the sign of an animal and the class for which it is characteristic: 1) Birds, 2) Reptiles
A) warm-blooded
B) body temperature depends on the ambient temperature
C) three-chambered heart, two circles of blood circulation
D) the body usually comes into contact with the ground when moving
D) double breathing is characteristic
E) arterial and venous blood do not mix in the heart
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between the trait and the class of vertebrate animals for which it is characteristic: 1) Reptiles, 2) Birds. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) unstable body temperature
B) intensive metabolism in cells
B) absence of a bladder
D) four-chambered heart
D) incomplete septum in the ventricle of the heart
E) the presence of a keel
Answer
3. Establish a correspondence between the characteristic of a vertebrate animal and the class for which it is characteristic: 1) Reptiles, 2) Birds. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle
B) arterial and venous blood do not mix in the heart
B) have a constant body temperature
D) the presence of hollow bones filled with air
D) the presence of a tarsus
E) the presence of horny scales on the body
Answer
4. Establish a correspondence between the features and the classes of animals for which they are characteristic: 1) Birds, 2) Reptiles. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) the presence of a tarsus on the hind limb
B) lack of care for offspring in most species
B) absence of a bladder
D) presence of teeth
D) the presence of the coccygeal gland
E) warm-blooded
Answer
REPETTLES - MAMMALS
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and classes of animals for which these characteristics are characteristic: 1) Reptiles, 2) Mammals. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) complete separation of arterial and venous blood
B) embryonic development in the egg in all species
B) the presence of sweat glands
D) differentiated alveolar teeth
D) three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle
E) the presence of grooves and convolutions in the cerebral cortex
Answer
BIRDS - MAMMALS
1. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and classes of chordates: 1) Birds, 2) Mammals. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) have a buckle and shank in the skeleton
B) have large eggs with a large supply of nutrients
B) chest and abdominal cavity separated by a diaphragm
D) in many representatives the cerebral cortex has convolutions and grooves
D) double breathing is characteristic
E) the cervical spine has seven vertebrae in all representatives
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and classes of animals: 1) Birds, 2) Mammals. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) intrauterine development
B) alveolar lungs
B) tooth reduction
D) the presence of many sebaceous glands
D) the presence of air sacs
Answer
3. Establish a correspondence between the animal’s characteristic and the class for which this characteristic is characteristic: 1) Birds, 2) Mammals. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) the presence of sweat and sebaceous glands in the skin
B) the presence of a placenta
B) formation of a keel on the sternum
D) the presence of two sections in the stomach
D) lungs of alveolar structure
E) double breathing
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Aromorphosis, thanks to which ancient reptiles mastered terrestrial habitat,
1) internal fertilization
2) protective coloring
3) five-fingered limb
4) three-chambered heart
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the type of animal and the structural feature of its heart: 1) three-chamber without a septum in the ventricle, 2) three-chamber with an incomplete septum in the ventricle, 3) four-chamber
A) fast lizard
B) common newt
B) lake frog
D) blue whale
D) gray rat
E) peregrine falcon
Answer
Choose three options. Mammals differ from reptiles by having the following characteristics:
1) hair
2) three-chambered heart
3) sweat glands
4) development of the placenta
5) dry skin
6) unstable body temperature
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Reptiles are called true terrestrial animals because they
1) breathe atmospheric oxygen
2) reproduce on land
3) lay eggs
4) have lungs
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. A three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle was formed in the process of evolution in
1) amphibians
2) bony fish
3) reptiles
4) cartilaginous fish
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. In the process of evolution, two atria in the heart first appeared in
1) reptiles
2) fish
3) amphibians
4) skullless
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Mammals are different from other vertebrates
1) constant body temperature
2) sexual reproduction
3) the presence of hair
4) the presence of five parts of the brain
Answer
Choose three options. In birds, as in reptiles
1) dry skin, devoid of glands
2) missing teeth
3) the integument consists of horny substance
4) four-chambered heart
5) arterial blood does not mix with venous blood
6) intestines, ureters, reproductive organs open into the cloaca
Answer
It is known that the class Mammals has characteristic features. Select three statements from the text below that relate to the characteristics of this class.
Answer
(1) Internal organs in mammals are located in body cavities, which are separated from each other by the diaphragm into two: thoracic and abdominal. (2) The chest cavity contains the lungs, heart, and the abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines and other organs. (3) The lungs of mammals are called corpus spongiosum. (4) In the oral cavity, differentiated teeth mechanically crush food, and then it is chemically processed by enzymes of digestive juices. (5) The process of filtering blood from metabolic end products is carried out by the trunk kidneys. (6) Mammalian skin is dry without glands.
1. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, an animal has formed the brain shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by
1) four-chambered heart
2) external fertilization
5) cellular lungs
Answer
6) development of the embryo in the uterus
2. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, an animal has formed the brain shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by
1) three-chambered heart
2) internal fertilization
3) the skin is thin, dry, practically devoid of glands
4) constant body temperature
5) cellular lungs
Answer
6) diaphragm
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. What characteristics are common to humans and mammals?
1) warm-blooded
2) indirect development
4) three-chambered heart
3) open circulatory system
5) presence of a diaphragm
Answer
6) the presence of skin derivatives - sebaceous glands
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of animal skin and the class for which it is characteristic: 1) Reptiles, 2) Amphibians. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) forms bone plates
B) contains an abundance of glands
B) forms horny outgrowths
D) absorbs water
D) abundantly supplied with capillaries, thin
Answer
E) provides gas exchange
Establish a correspondence between the feature of the structure and function of the skin and the class of vertebrates for which this feature is characteristic: 1) Amphibians, 2) Reptiles. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) participates in gas exchange
B) has horny scales
B) secretes copious mucus
D) protects against drying out
D) ensures the flow of water into the body
Answer
1. Establish a correspondence between vertebrate animals with the characteristics of their body temperature: 1) constant, 2) variable. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) house sparrow
B) quick lizard
B) common dolphin
D) Nile crocodile
D) common newt
E) common mole
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between animals and the characteristics of their body temperature: 1) constant, 2) variable. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) waterfowl
B) lobe-finned fish
B) cetaceans
D) tailless amphibians
D) scaly reptiles
E) great apes
Answer
3. Establish a correspondence between animals and physiological characteristics: 1) warm-blooded, 2) cold-blooded. Write the numbers 1 and 2 in the sequence corresponding to the letters.
A) crocodile
B) frog
B) triton
D) penguin
D) coelacanth
E) whale
Answer
Establish a correspondence between organisms and their metabolic levels: 1) does not depend on environmental conditions, 2) depends on environmental conditions. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) grass frog
B) field mouse
B) barn swallow
D) common fox
D) quick lizard
E) common pike
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the skeletal features and the animals for which they are characteristic: 1) pigeon, 2) frog. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) the presence of a keel
B) toothless jaws with horny covers
B) the presence of a tarsus
D) one cervical vertebra
D) absence of a chest
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the type of animal and the structure of its heart: 1) three-chamber, 2) two-chamber. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) river perch
B) blue shark
B) pond frog
D) common newt
D) common pike
E) gray toad
Answer
Analyze the text “Characteristics of the Amphibians class.” For each cell indicated by a letter, select the corresponding term from the list provided. Amphibians go through the _______(A) stage in their development. This brings them closer to fish. Respiration in amphibians _______(B). They have a heart _______(B), and in connection with reaching land, _______(D) and lungs appeared.
1) Tadpole
2) Pulmonary breathing
3) Cutaneous pulmonary respiration
4) Two-chamber heart
5) Three-chambered heart
6) Swim bladder
7) Second circle of blood circulation
Answer
Analyze the text. For each cell indicated by a letter, select the corresponding term from the list provided. Reptiles are _____(A) vertebrates. Their level of organization is _____(B) than that of amphibians. In the process of evolution, reptiles developed adaptations to life on land: _____(B) the cover protects the body from drying out, the respiratory organ ______(D), the heart has _____(E) a septum in the ventricle.
1) warm-blooded
2) cold-blooded
3) higher
4) below
5) incomplete
6) horny
7) light
8) chitinous
9) full
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, an animal developed the lungs shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by
1. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, an animal has formed the brain shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by
1) four-chambered heart
3) skin with scales or scutes
4) constant body temperature
5) laying eggs with a thick shell
5) cellular lungs
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Which of the following features indicates the complexity of the organization of mammals compared to reptiles?
1) increase in the gas exchange surface in the lungs
2) the appearance of the internal skeleton
3) increase in the number of body parts
4) changes in the structure of the limbs
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Animals with the lungs shown in the figure are characterized by the following characteristics:
1) feather cover of the body
2) high metabolic rate
3) three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle
4) the skin contains many glands
3) open circulatory system
6) reproduce sexually, lay shelled eggs
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the animal and the number of chambers of its heart: 1) two, 2) three. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) viper
B) shark
B) lizard
D) salmon
D) triton
E) coelacanth
Answer
Rank the animals according to the complexity of their heart structure during evolution. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) toad
2) salmon
3) horse
4) turtle
Answer
From the text below, select three characteristics related to the adaptation of birds to flight. Write down the numbers corresponding to the selected answers. (1) The compact body of birds has an egg-shaped, streamlined shape. (2) Like mammals, birds are warm-blooded animals. (3) The cloaca of birds is a cavity into which they open, ureters and excretory ducts of the reproductive system. (4) Some bones have air-filled cavities. (5) The coccygeal gland, located above the root of the tail, secretes an oily secretion that serves for lubrication. (6) Birds have air sacs that enable double breathing.
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, an animal has formed the brain shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by
1) double breathing
2) the presence of mammary glands
3) numerous skin glands
4) four-chambered heart
5) compound eyes
6) warm-blooded
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, an animal has formed the brain shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by
1) incomplete septum in the heart
2) warm-blooded
3) incubation of clutches and care for offspring
4) numerous unfused bones of the caudal spine
5) well-developed lungs with air sacs
6) the presence of various skin glands
Answer
1) lever-type limbs
2) skin covered with scales or bone plates
3) presence of a cervical vertebra
4) development with metamorphosis
5) one circle of blood circulation
6) presence of a swim bladder
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, animals developed the heart shown in the figure, then these animals have
1) skin breathing
2) air bags
3) one cervical vertebra
4) swim bladder
5) horny scales on the surface of the body
6) two circles of blood circulation
Answer
Choose three correct options out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, an animal first formed the limbs shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by:
1) two-chamber heart
2) chest with ribs
3) two circles of blood circulation
4) abundance of skin glands
5) direct development without metamorphosis in most representatives
6) eyelids and lacrimal glands
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, an animal has formed the skin shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by:
1) three-chambered heart
2) alveolar lungs
3) seven cervical vertebrae
4) absence of a chest
5) cerebellar cortex and cerebral hemispheres with gyri and sulci
6) development with metamorphosis
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six. If, in the process of evolution, an animal has formed the respiratory system shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by:
1) dry skin without glands
2) the presence of fur
3) the presence of a buckle and tarsus in the skeleton of the limbs
4) high metabolism and warm-bloodedness
5) embryonic development in the uterus
6) absence of the cerebral cortex in most representatives
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. What animals belong to the class of reptiles?
1) common viper
2) pond frog
3) common newt
4) Nile crocodile
5) gray toad
6) viviparous lizard
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table. Reptiles are characterized by
1) reproduction on land
2) constant body temperature
3) direct development
4) articulated body
5) internal fertilization
6) supply the cells of the internal organs of the body with arterial blood
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. The complexity of the structure of the respiratory system of mammals, compared to reptiles, consists in
1) the appearance of the right and left lungs
2) presence of trachea and bronchi
3) increasing the respiratory surface of the lungs
4) the presence of nostrils and nasal cavity
Answer
Find three errors in the given text. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which errors were made.(1) Amphibians are vertebrate animals that live in water and on land. (2) They swim well; swimming membranes are developed between the toes of the hind legs of tailless amphibians. (3) Amphibians move on land using two pairs of five-fingered limbs. (4) Amphibians breathe using their lungs and skin. (5) Adult amphibians have a two-chambered heart. (6) Fertilization in tailless amphibians is internal; tadpoles develop from fertilized eggs. (7) Amphibians include lake frog, gray toad, water snake, crested newt.
Answer
1. Establish a correspondence between animals and the habitats in which they breed: 1) aquatic, 2) ground-air. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) common dolphin
B) common toad
B) crested newt
D) grass frog
D) emperor penguin
E) Nile crocodile
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between animals and their breeding environments: 1) aquatic, 2) ground-air. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) Katran shark
B) gray toad
IN) sea turtle
D) common viper
D) grass frog
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. What characteristics allow us to classify crocodiles as reptiles?
1) dry skin with horny scutes on the body
2) elevation of the nostrils and eyes above the surface of the head
3) swimming membranes on the hind legs
4) reproduction on land and internal fertilization
5) cellular lungs
6) four-chambered heart
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the systematic characteristics of a person and systematic groups, to which it is classified according to these characteristics: 1) class Mammals, 2) order Primates. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) the presence of nail plates
B) formation of sweat and sebaceous glands in embryogenesis
B) two mammary glands located on the chest
D) differentiation of teeth
D) developed facial muscles
E) long childhood
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and representatives of the classes of organisms shown in the figure. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) absence of a chest
B) skin respiration
B) reproduction on land
D) the presence of an incomplete septum in the ventricle of the heart
D) one cervical vertebra
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and representatives of the classes. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) differentiated teeth
B) double breathing
B) the presence of vibrissae
D) the presence of a carina on the sternum
D) air cavities in tubular bones
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. What signs are characteristic of this organism?
1) the body is covered with horny scutes
2) reproduces in water
3) external fertilization
4) there is no chest
5) four-chambered heart
6) respiratory organs - lungs
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. If, in the process of evolution, an animal has formed the heart shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized by
1) thin skin with an abundance of glands
2) pulmonary circulation
3) five-fingered lever-type limb
4) the presence of a cervical spine
5) bone or cartilaginous skeleton
6) gill breathing
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. What features in the structure of amphibians were formed in connection with living in a land-air environment?
1) three-chambered heart
2) brain and spinal cord
3) pulmonary circulation
4) paired olfactory organs
5) dismembered (lever) limbs
6) horny covering of the body
Answer
It is known that the vole is a placental, herbivorous mammal. Select three statements from the text below that describe the characteristics of a vole listed above.
Answer
(1) The vole is widespread in terrestrial ecosystems. (2) It is characterized by the presence of a diaphragm, alveolar lung, and well-developed incisors. (3) The babies develop in the uterus, where the baby's place develops. (4) The vole is classified as a consumer of the first order. (5) Voles provide food for many animals in different ecosystems. (6) Voles are very prolific animals.
Establish the sequence of complication of the circulatory system in chordates. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) three-chambered heart without a septum in the ventricle
2) two-chamber heart with venous blood
3) there is no heart
4) heart with an incomplete muscular septum
Answer
5) in the heart, the separation of venous and arterial blood flows
A) Establish a correspondence between animals and respiratory organs: 1) lungs, 2) gills. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
sea snake
B) stingray
B) salmon
D) lizard
D) anaconda
Answer
E) triton Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. U
placental mammals
1) there are differentiated teeth
2) development comes with complete transformation
3) there is a cloaca
4) the embryo develops in the uterus
5) there is no care for the offspring
Answer
6) sebaceous glands are developed
Establish a correspondence between aromorphoses and the classes of animals in which they first appeared: 1) Amphibians, 2) Reptiles, 3) Mammals. Write numbers 1-3 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) diaphragm
B) two circles of blood circulation
B) alveolar lungs
D) dense egg membranes
D) placenta
Answer
E) costal type of breathing
© D.V. Pozdnyakov, 2009-2019 “The oldest reptiles” - Has a long tail with a diamond-shaped extension at the end. Seymouria occupies an intermediate position between amphibians and ancient reptiles. The legs are weak and short with claws that are used to hold onto trees and rocks. Groups of dinosaurs. Brontosaurus and Diplodocus had long neck to get succulent foliage on tall trees
, and the iguanodon and anatosaurus, when feeding, stood up on strong hind limbs. “Yellowbellied” - Presentation on the topic: Yellowbellied (Pseudopus apodus). ? Ananyeva N. B., Bor L. Ya., Darevsky I. S., Orlov N. L. Five-language dictionary of animal names. External description . Relatives of the yellowbell are slender armored spindles from the genus Ophisaurus. Reaction to a person.. In captivity, it quickly gets used to taking food from hands.
“Class reptiles” - Lizards’ skin sheds in pieces. Scaly eyes. general characteristics class Reptiles. What is the role of amphibians in nature. In the water - ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. Zoo quiz. . IN digestive system the stomach and cecum are pronounced. External structure LIZARDS. - Why is the skin of a frog covered not with water, but with mucus?
"Reptiles" - Reptiles. Sea leatherback turtle Giant turtle (length up to 2 m and weight up to 600 kg). Anaconda From the boa constrictor family, reaches a length of 10-12 m. Reptiles The similarity of reptiles to other animals Features reptiles The most ancient reptiles Reptiles are giants.
“Internal structure of reptiles” - Venous blood. What is special about the lizard's respiratory system? Determine which diagram of the structure of the heart belongs to fish, frog, lizard. Digestion of proteins. Name the features internal structure Chameleon lizards? Right atrium. There is a tensile ligament in front of the jaw. What are the similarities and differences between the skeleton of a frog and the skeleton of a lizard?
“Orders of reptiles” - Order Scaly Lizards. Hence the name - “reptiles” - covered with scales. Reptile class. Most of them live on land. Squad Crocodiles. Habitats. Skeleton of reptiles. Order Beakheads. Reptiles are terrestrial animals. External structure of reptiles. Origin of Reptiles.
There are a total of 17 presentations in the topic
If a frog came to you for advice on whether it should change its three-chambered heart to a four-chambered one or a two-chambered one (by removing the septum between the atria), what would you advise it?
The frog should be advised to preserve its three-chambered heart. A two-chambered heart would be disadvantageous for a frog for the following reasons. With a three-chambered heart, blood carrying oxygen from the lungs enters the left atrium. Venous blood from muscles, internal organs, etc. enters the right atrium (blood from the skin also enters there). With simultaneous contraction of the atria, blood enters the single ventricle of the frog, but mixes little in it, since the ventricle contains a number of partitions and resembles a sponge in its structure. As a result, mixed blood, rather poor in oxygen, appears in the right half of the ventricle, and oxygen-rich blood in the left half. The analogue of the aorta (conus arteriosus) arises from the right side of the ventricle. The cone contains a special so-called spiral valve. Vessels carrying blood to the lungs and skin depart from the initial part of the cone; then the vessels going to the body and limbs depart; Vessels carrying blood to the brain and sensory organs located on the head extend even further. When the ventricle begins to contract, the pressure in it is still low, the spiral valve opens only the opening of the vessel going to the lungs and skin, and blood from the right half of the ventricle, poor in oxygen, begins to flow there. As the ventricle contracts, the pressure in it increases, and the spiral valve opens the opening of the next vessel; blood richer in oxygen flows to the body and internal organs. Finally, when the pressure increases further, the entrances to the carotid arteries, carrying blood to the head, will open. The most oxygen-rich blood will flow there from the left part of the ventricle, which is furthest away from the conus arteriosus. This blood only to a small extent enters other vessels, which were previously filled with previous portions of blood.
Thus, despite the presence of only one ventricle, the frog has a system for the expedient distribution of blood, enriched with oxygen to varying degrees, between the lungs, internal organs and the brain. If you remove the septum between the atria and make the heart two-chambered, then the blood coming from the lungs and venous blood will mix in this common atrium, which will significantly worsen the functioning of the circulatory system. The same mixed blood will enter the lungs as the brain. The efficiency of the lungs will decrease, the frog will receive less oxygen on average, and its activity level should also decrease. The brain will be especially affected, as it will begin to receive blood that is much poorer in oxygen.
Let us now consider the question of a four-chambered heart. It is easy to realize that in animals with a four-chambered heart, all the blood coming from the body must pass through the lungs, from where it returns to the second atrium. If the pulmonary vessels of a mammal or bird are blocked, all blood flow will stop. Frogs spend a significant part of their lives in water, in particular they spend the winter there. While underwater, the frog with a three-chambered heart can reduce the lumen of the pulmonary vessels and thereby reduce the flow of blood through the inactive lungs; in this case, the blood ejected from the ventricle into the pulmonary cutaneous artery enters mainly the skin and returns to the right atrium.
If the frog's heart were four-chambered and its pulmonary circulation was completely isolated, then this would be unprofitable. The frog would have to pump all the blood through the inactive lungs all winter, spending a noticeable amount of energy on this, which cannot be replenished in winter, and therefore, it would be necessary to accumulate additional reserves before wintering. Thus, a three-chambered heart is indeed most suitable for a frog with its amphibian lifestyle and important role skin respiration.