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Hydrogen bomb and nuclear bomb differences. The difference between a hydrogen bomb and an atomic bomb: a list of differences, the history of creation

Race nuclear weapons began even before its creation, but only in 1945 it became real and visual for every person. After using weapons on two cities of the last country representing fascism (Japan), atomic bomb has become synonymous with nightmare and a way of instilling horror into the soul of every person. The power of the explosion of the first Little Boy bomb (Kid) amazed all contemporaries, because 21 kilotons of TNT was an absolute record that instantly killed 140 million people. The explosion power of the second Fat Man bomb (Fat Man) also amounted to 21 kilotons of TNT and brought many casualties among civilians. Then thousands of larger, more powerful and destructive varieties of such weapons were developed, but it was the Kid and the Fat Man who were the first ideal examples. These bombs gave a considerable impetus to the development of weapons, but it was they who became the reason why people began to counteract military manifestations in various parts of the planet.

Castle Romeo

One of the most powerful nuclear explosions in history took place on March 27, 1954. Castle Romeo was originally planned at 4 megatons, but the cheap thermonuclear weapons used made their adjustment, due to which a large explosion in the ocean amounted to 11 megatons.

Tests were carried out at the maximum distance from the nearby islands, because there were fears that an explosion could destroy even an entire island with all its inhabitants. To do this, it was necessary to bring a barge into the ocean, on which the coveted explosion occurred. This bomb allowed the nuclear program of a number of countries to move to a qualitatively new level, after all, it was possible to exceed the explosion force of 10 megatons in TNT equivalent, which long time was considered impossible.

Mike

Mike was originally planned as an experiment that would evaluate the capabilities of the atomic bomb. The force of the bomb explosion was estimated at 12 megatons, the height of the mushroom stem reached 37 km, and the diameter of the cap was 161 km. As a result of the test, all the islands of Elugelab were wiped off the face of the earth, and in their place a funnel 50 meters deep and 2 km in diameter was formed. Fragments of reefs scattered over a distance of 50 km, and they were radioactively contaminated. Each fragment introduced radioactive contamination into nature, which will persist for more than one century.

Castle Yankee

Castle Yankee was planned by US developers as a prototype of a small bomb with a large power reserve of 10 megatons. Real Power after the test was estimated at 13.5 megatons. Among the most significant parameters stood out:

  • mushroom leg height 40 km;
  • cap diameter 16 km;
  • the radiation cloud spread over 11,000 km in diameter in 4 days (the cloud reached Mexico City).

As a result, this is the second most powerful nuclear bomb in the world, which was developed in America. At that time, Russia was actively developing a more advanced program based on the reaction of hydrogen, so the tests were carried out without the participation of our country.

Castle Bravo

Castle Bravo is the strongest among the biggest thermonuclear bombs that have been tested in the United States. The explosion was carried out in 1954 and went down in history as one of the most harmful. The strongest pollution of nature by radiation caused irreversible consequences. The result of a strong explosion during testing was the following consequences:

  • explosion power 15 megatons;
  • exposure of hundreds of people in the Marshall Islands;
  • the leg height was more than 40 km;
  • cap diameter over 100 km;
  • blast wave created on the surface seabed funnel with a diameter of 2 km.

The most powerful nuclear bomb in the world was the reason for which the first restrictions on the ability to use had to be introduced. big bombs with high power. Since then, American scientists, as well as experts from other countries, have sought to minimize the impact on the environment and the planet. No less terrible projects have been developed that leave almost no harmful materials in the atmosphere, soil and water.

Tsar bomb

It was in the USSR that the most super-powerful nuclear bomb was developed. Initially, it was planned to create a weapon whose yield would be 100 megatons, but in order to reduce damage during testing, the actual yield had to be reduced to 58 megatons. The result of the test in 1961 was the following consequences:

  • mushroom leg height - 67 km;
  • cap diameter - 97 km;
  • explosion with a fiery cloud diameter - 10 km;
  • the sound wave propagated over a distance of up to one thousand kilometers;
  • the island in the Novaya Zemlya archipelago has become very smooth;
  • seismic wave circled the earth 3 times.

According to technology, this is a hydrogen bomb, and not a nuclear bomb in the full sense of the term. Thanks to this, after a while the territory was almost completely safe from radiation. In theory, the largest nuclear bomb in the world could increase the final yield of the explosion almost indefinitely.

The Soviet Tsar Bomba (aka Kuzkina's mother) became the starting point, after which restrictions on the conduct of hostilities began to be developed, and 110 countries signed an agreement. The main goal of these agreements is to prevent man from destroying nature and all life on the planet. Now this agreement is being imposed on the remaining countries by Russia, the United States and allied states, because only its observance will save humanity and the Earth.

1 place.

H-bomb.

It is also called thermonuclear, since the force of destruction of this weapon is many times greater than the ability of nuclear bombs. The approximate estimate of the explosion is 20 thousand kilograms of TNT.

The most powerful bomb in the world among hydrogen weapons - "Kuzkina mother", also called the "Tsar Cannon". The power of the weapon was so strong that when the bomb exploded, the shock wave circled the earth three times, for about an hour there were problems with radio communication due to ionization, and the stones became ashes.

The Soviet authorities tested "Kuzkin's mother" only once, but the entire territory at a distance of four hundred kilometers suffered. After that, 110 countries signed an agreement to end the use of nuclear and hydrogen weapons on the planet.

2nd place.

Nuclear bomb .

Thanks to nuclear weapons, it was possible to end the Second world war, but the price of this completion is too high. The world first learned about nuclear weapons in 1945, when Nagasaki and Hiroshima exploded. The power of the bombs was twenty thousand kilotons.

In total, more than two hundred thousand people died from two nuclear bombs. Since then, nuclear-type weapons have no longer been used against civilians.

3rd place.

non-nuclear bomb .

With the end of the Cold War world armament didn't stop. A number of states continue to develop their defense capabilities by creating new types of bombs.

One of the most powerful non-nuclear bombs was considered the GBU-43 / B, created in the USA. She is called the "mother of all bombs" for her power of 11 thousand kilograms of TNT. It was created thirteen years ago.

But Russian engineers outperformed the Americans by creating a reciprocal vacuum bomb called the "daddy of all bombs." Its capacity is 41 thousand kilograms of TNT, and today there is no more powerful bomb.

4th place.

neutron bomb .

This "smart" weapon kills only living organisms, practically without disturbing the surface of the earth. It was created by a US scientist Samuel Cohen, who considered his creation the most humane in the world.

The neutron bomb has a very weak shock wave. The released energy is no more than 20%; in an atomic explosion, these figures are twice as high.

5th place .

Intercontinental missile "Satan" .

This rocket made a lot of noise and was even listed in the Guinness Book of Records. It is considered the most powerful in the world. ballistic missile, with a capacity of more than 10 thousand kilotons and homing warheads. The rocket covers a distance of 11 thousand kilometers. Scientists and engineers from other countries have not yet created an analogue of such a weapon.

6th place.

Ballistic missile "Sarmat" .

This weapon is still at the design stage. It is assumed that the rocket will be made by 2020. "Sarmat" will be many times more powerful than "Satan" and will surpass it in terms of performance.

7th place.

Chemical weapon.

Weapon variant mass destruction. The first cases of its use date back to the 15th year of the last century. Then the Germans released chlorine in cylinders on Russian soldiers. More than fifteen thousand people were poisoned, and five thousand died.

8th place.

Laser gun .

Such weapons have the speed of light, and the range of destruction is several hundred kilometers.

9th place.

Missile complex "Topol-M" .

It is a three-stage monobloc rocket installed in vehicle. Its shelf life is from 15 to 20 years. Such missile system can be the core of all missile forces.

10th place.

Biological weapons.

It's called a ticking time bomb. The first facts of use were recorded even before our era, when the tribes sent plague and other diseases at each other. The most striking case of the use of biological weapons in our time is letters with anthrax powder.

Atomic weapons are rightfully considered not only the most terrible, but also the most majestic invention of mankind. So much destructive power is hidden in it that not only all kinds of life, but also any, even the strongest structures, are swept away from the face of planet Earth by a blast wave. There are so many nuclear weapons in Russia's military storage facilities alone that their simultaneous detonation can lead to the destruction of our planet.

And there is nothing surprising in this Russian reserves are in second place after the American ones. Representatives such as "Kuzkin's Mother" and "Tsar Bomba" are assigned the title of the most powerful weapon of all time. The TOP 10 lists nuclear bombs around the world that have or have had greatest potential. Some of them were used, causing irreparable harm to the ecology of the planet.

10th place. Little boy (Kid) with a capacity of 18 kilotons

This bomb was the first to be used not at the test site, but in real conditions. Its use has big influence to end the war between America and Japan. From the explosion of Little boy in the city of Hiroshima, one hundred and forty of its inhabitants were killed. This bomb was three meters long and seventy centimeters in diameter. The height of the nuclear pillar formed after the explosion was more than six kilometers. This city remains uninhabited to this day.

9th place. Fat Man (Fat Man) - 21 kilotons

This was the name of the second bomb dropped by an American plane on the city of Nagasaki. The victims of this explosion were eighty thousand citizens who died immediately, despite the fact that another thirty-five thousand people became victims of exposure. This bomb is still the most powerful weapon in the history of mankind, the use of which was carried out to achieve military goals.

8th place. Trinity (Thing) - 21 kilotons

Trinity owns the palm among the nuclear bombs exploded in order to study reactions and ongoing processes. The shock wave of the explosion lifted a cloud to a height of eleven kilometers. The impression that was received by scientists who observed the first nuclear explosion in the history of man, they called stunning. Puffs of white smoke in the form of a column, whose diameter reached two kilometers, rapidly rose up, where they formed a hat in the form of a mushroom.

7th place. Baker (Baker) - 23 kilotons

Baker was the name of one of the three bombs that took part in the operation codenamed Crossroads ("Crossroads"), which was carried out in 1946. During the test, the consequences of the explosion of atomic shells were studied. Animals and ships were used as test subjects. sea ​​class. The explosion was carried out at a depth of twenty-seven kilometers. As a result, about two million tons of water were displaced, which led to the formation of a pillar more than half a kilometer high. Baker triggered the world's first nuclear disaster. The radioactivity of the island of Bikini, which was chosen for testing, has reached such a level that it has become impossible to live on it. Until 2010, it was considered completely uninhabited.

6th place Rhea - 955 kilotons

Rhea is the most powerful atomic bomb ever tested by France in 1971. The explosion of this projectile was carried out on the territory of the Mururoa Atoll, used as a testing ground for nuclear explosions. By 1998, over 200 nuclear projectiles had been tested there.

5th place. Castle Romeo - 11 megatons

Castle Romeo belongs to the category of one of the most powerful nuclear explosions carried out by America. The order to start the operation was signed on March 27, 1954. A barge was brought into the open ocean to carry out the explosion, as there were fears that an island located nearby could be destroyed by a bomb explosion. It was assumed that the explosion power would not exceed four megatons, but in fact it was equal to eleven megatons. During the investigation, it was revealed that the reason for this was the use of cheap material used as thermonuclear fuel.

4th place. Mike device - 12 megatons

Initially, Mike's device (Evie Mike) had no value and was used as an experimental bomb. The nuclear cloud from its explosion rose thirty-seven kilometers, and the cap of the cloud reached 161 kilometers in diameter. The strength of the nuclear wave was estimated at twelve megatons. This power turned out to be quite enough for the complete destruction of all the islands of Elugelab, on which the tests were carried out. Where they were, a funnel formed, reaching a diameter of two kilometers. Its depth was fifty meters. The distance over which the fragments that carried the radioactive contamination scattered was fifty kilometers, if you count from the epicenter.

3rd place. Castle Yankee - 13.5 megatons

The second most powerful explosion carried out by American scientists was the explosion of Castle Yankee. Preliminary calculations made it possible to assume that the power of the device could not exceed ten megatons, in terms of TNT equivalent. But the actual force of the explosion was thirteen and a half megatons. The leg of the nuclear mushroom stretched for forty kilometers, and the hat for sixteen. four days the radiation cloud was enough to reach the city of Mexico City, the distance to which from the explosion site was eleven thousand kilometers.

2nd place. Castle Bravo (TX-21 Shrimp) - 15 megatons

The Americans did not test a more powerful bomb than Castle Bravo. The operation was carried out in 1954 and entailed irreversible consequences for the environment. As a result of a fifteen mega-ton explosion, a very strong radiation contamination occurred. Hundreds of people who lived in the Marshall Islands were exposed to radiation. The length of the nuclear fungus leg reached forty kilometers, and the hat stretched for a hundred kilometers. As a result of the explosion, seabed a huge funnel was formed, the diameter of which reached two kilometers. The consequences provoked by the tests forced the introduction of restrictions on operations in which nuclear projectiles were used.

1 place. Tsar bomb (AN602) - 58 megatons

There was not and is not more powerful than the Soviet Tsar Bomba in the whole world. The length of the projectile reached eight meters, and the diameter - two. In 1961, the explosion of this projectile was carried out on an archipelago called New Earth. According to the original plans, the capacity of AN602 was to be one hundred megatons. However, scientists, fearing the global destructive power of such a charge, decided to stop at fifty-eight megatons. The Tsar Bomba was activated at an altitude of four kilometers. The consequences of this shocked everyone. The fiery cloud reached ten kilometers in diameter. The length of the “leg” of the nuclear fungus was about 67 km, and the diameter of the cap covered 97 km. A very real danger threatened even the lives of people living at a distance of less than 400 kilometers. Echoes of a powerful sound wave could be heard at a distance of a thousand kilometers. The surface of the island on which the tests were carried out became absolutely flat without protrusions and any buildings on it. The seismic wave managed to go around the Earth three times, allowing each of its inhabitants to feel the full power carried by nuclear weapons. The result of this test was that representatives of more than a hundred countries signed an agreement prohibiting this type of test. It does not matter what medium is chosen for this - earth, water or atmosphere.

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Throughout its history, humanity has hardly invented something more terrible and deadly than atomic weapons. Falling to the ground, it creates a wave of terrifying force, destroying everything in its path. The most powerful nuclear bomb in the world is the Tsar bomb. Today we will talk about her and her brothers.

Tsar bomb

In 1961, when the USSR was in a state of cold war with the United States, the most powerful thermonuclear weapon in the world was tested for the first time - the AN-602 hydrogen bomb, which was immediately dubbed the "Tsar Bomba". This device was loaded with 58 Mt of pure TNT. The best scientists of the country at that time worked on the bomb - Sakharov, Smirnov, Adamsky and others.


When the Tsar Bomba was dropped from the Tu-95 aircraft, an incredible blast wave circled the planet three times - fluctuations were recorded in all parts of the world. In some way, the goal was achieved, everyone was convinced of the power that Soviet Union. Scientists, for their part, benefited theoretically from the experiment - it clearly showed that there are no restrictions on the power of thermonuclear devices.


Castle Bravo

This name was given to the testing of a bomb in 1954 in the Marshall Islands, USA. Lithium deuteride served as the thermonuclear fuel. The explosion generated energy in the amount of 15 Mt, which caused irreparable harm to the environment. After this event, many thought about the numerous shortcomings of this type of weapon.


An explosive device called Shrimp ("shrimp") was launched on March 1, watched from a special bunker at a distance of more than 30 km. The explosion took three seconds to cover a diameter of 5500 meters, destroying all life in the radius of action. The observation bunker was shaking like an earthquake. The explosion left behind a funnel that forever changed the contour of Bikini Island, and also greatly increased the level of radiation activity in the air.


Another test from the Castle series of American nuclear experiments. The device was also blown up on the Bikini Atoll in 1954, only in early May. The process released 13.5 Mt of TNT, although no more than 10 were expected. It is known that the Yankee was developed in a hurry to have an answer to the Soviet nuclear program.


The height of the “leg” of the mushroom formed during the explosion was almost 40 kilometers, and the diameter of the “cap” was 16 kilometers. A few days later, a huge cloud of radiation reached the city of Mexico City, despite the fact that it was 11,000 kilometers from the site of the explosion. The impression that this event made on people was displayed even by the creators of the series Lost in their creation.


Evie Mike is the very first test of a thermonuclear weapon in history. It was made in the USA in 1952. One of the most powerful nuclear bombs in the world created an explosion that released approximately 12 Mt. On November 1, a “mushroom” 37 kilometers high rose above the ground, and the diameter of its “cap” exceeded 160 kilometers.


The installation was on small island- Elugelab - and in the explosion wiped it off the face of the Earth, leaving only a crater. The area was immediately contaminated with radiation, and in addition, infected coral fragments were scattered in a diameter of 50 kilometers. An hour after the event, when the cloud had already blown away by the wind, a huge amount of scattered fermium and einsteinium was seen from a helicopter. The explosion itself was recorded on tape by the BBC and can still be seen today.


This test took place at the end of March 1954 in the USA, also as part of the Castle test series. Unlike its predecessors filled with "liquid" fuel, the Runt bomb contained "dry" fuel. It was the first ever launch of a nuclear explosive device not on the ground, but on a barge, and the force of its blast wave was 11 Mt.


The photo of Castle Romeo is now one of the most popular images of a nuclear explosion, it is used for book covers, TV shows, newspapers. This is probably due to the frightening yellow-red shades of the “mushroom”. Usually atomic explosions have a slightly different appearance, it depends on the substances they contain.


This was the name of the most powerful bomb ever made in France. For comparison, the United States dropped explosive devices of 20 kt each on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and on coral island Mururoa rocked an explosion with a power of 50 times more. A year before, the “Unicorn” – a bomb with a capacity of more than 900 Kt – was blown up at the same place, and a few hours after that, the French Minister of Defense was bathing in the water – he wanted to prove that nuclear weapons are completely safe.


In total, France conducted more than two hundred tests in its overseas territories - Polynesia, Algeria. The last one took place in 1998.

Baker

A bomb with that name was tested as part of the Crossroads series at the end of July 1946. The bomb was attached to the bottom of the landing craft and placed this ship in the center of the fleet. The explosion occurred 27 meters underwater. Almost all the ships present were blown to pieces, but even those that survived were beyond repair due to the strong background radiation.


Photographs of Baker look unusual compared to those of other bombs, because the explosion took place under water - a flash was barely visible in the depths. The scale of the raised wave can be estimated from the ships visible in the foreground. Most famous photo displays the place where the battleship was located weighing 27 thousand tons.


In 1945, the world's first large-scale nuclear test took place in the United States. A giant explosion with a power of 21 kt has become a symbol of the beginning of the nuclear age. The original idea of ​​creating nuclear weapons was discussed back in the 1930s, when physics was developing by leaps and bounds, and at the same time German fascism was flourishing in Europe. The authorities of many countries of the world were desperately trying to find a powerful new type of weapon that could protect them from a potential enemy.


Before the launch, many predictions were put forward - from the fact that the bomb would not explode at all to the fact that its power would be equal to 18 Kt (which almost came true). Someone said that the whole state of New Mexico and even the entire planet Earth would be destroyed. The latest theory was that the explosion would ignite the oxygen in the air and the atmosphere would be irreparably damaged. Scientists did their best to calm this panic.


A 21 kt bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945. It was based on implosive detonation technology. The design consisted of a 6 kilogram plutonium core surrounded by a heavy shell made of uranium-238, which reflects neurons. Outside there was another shell, aluminum, the purpose of which was to evenly distribute compression. Finally, a 2 cm ball of beryllium was mounted inside the core to serve as the initial source of neutrons.


After the end of the war, the US authorities, fully appreciating the power of this type of bomb (dubbed the Mark-III), ordered another 200 pieces for their weapons. In total, 120 devices were produced in 4 post-war years, then they were considered obsolete and replaced with a more modern type - Mark-IV. Subsequently, neutron initiation was practically not used anywhere else, being recognized as insufficiently effective.


A uranium bomb with a yield of approximately 13-18 Kt, made as part of the Manhattan Project. This is the world's first atomic bomb, which was used for the purpose of attack - dropped on the city of Hiroshima in 1945. The size of the device was 3 meters long, 0.71 meters thick, and weighed 4,000 kg. The kid was a cannon bomb, this technology works flawlessly, unlike implosion, and is also quite simple to manufacture.


Inside was placed 64 kg of pure uranium mined in the USA, Canada and the Congo, of which about 700 grams directly took part in the reaction. The explosion did not provoke severe pollution environment, because it occurred 600 meters above the earth's surface, in addition, uranium, which did not take part in the reaction, is not an object of strong radiation.


Many countries of the world have already abandoned the very idea of ​​producing and storing nuclear weapons. Let's hope that this step will benefit the planet, and soon other states will follow their example, because war is scary, but nuclear war- even scarier.

Video

Atomic weapons are the most terrible and majestic invention of mankind. The power of a destructive nuclear wave is so great that it can wipe out not only all living things, but even the most reliable structures and buildings. Russia's nuclear stockpiles alone are enough to completely destroy our planet. And no wonder, since the country has the richest stockpile of atomic weapons, after the United States. The Soviet "Kuzkina mother" or "Tsar bomb", tested in 1961, became the most powerful atomic weapons of all time.

The TOP 10 included most powerful nuclear bombs in the world. Many of them were used for testing purposes, but brought irreparable harm to the environment. Others have become weapons in the settlement of military conflicts.

Power 18 kilotons

little boy("Kid") - the first nuclear bomb that was not used for testing purposes. It was she who contributed to the end of the war between Japan and the United States. Little boy with a capacity of 18 kilotons caused the death of 140,000 residents of Hiroshima. A device 3 meters long and 70 cm in diameter created a nuclear pillar over 6 kilometers high. "Kid" and "following" him "Fat Man" brought considerable damage to two Japanese cities, which to this day remain uninhabited.

Power 21 kilotons

fat man(Fat Man) - the second nuclear bomb that the United States used against Japan. The victims of nuclear weapons were the inhabitants of the city of Nagasaki. An explosion with a capacity of 21 kilotons claimed the lives of 80 thousand people at once, and another 35 thousand died from radiation. Exactly this powerful weapon for the entire existence of mankind, which was used for military purposes.

Power 21 kilotons

(Thing) - the first bomb that marked the beginning of nuclear weapons testing. The wave of the shock explosion was 21 kilotons and rose as a cloud up to 11 kilometers. The first in human history nuclear explosion made a stunning impression on scientists. White clouds of smoke with a diameter of almost two kilometers rapidly rose up and formed the shape of a mushroom.

Baker Power 21 kilotons

Baker(Baker) - one of the three atomic bombs that participated in Operation Crossroads ("Crossroads") in 1946. The tests were carried out to determine the effect of atomic projectiles on sea ​​vessels and experimental animals. At a depth of 27 meters, an explosion with a capacity of 23 kilotons was made, which displaced about two million tons of water to the surface and formed a column of more than half a kilometer in height. "Baker" suffered "the world's first nuclear disaster." The radioactive island of Bikini, where the tests were carried out, became uninhabitable and was considered uninhabited until 2010.

Power 955 kilotons

"- the most powerful atomic bomb tested by France in 1971. A projectile with a yield of 955 kilotons of TNT was blown up on the Mururoa atoll, which is a nuclear test site. More than 200 nuclear weapons were tested there until 1998.

Capacity 11 megatons

- one of the most powerful explosions made in the USA. The operation was accepted for execution on March 27, 1954. The explosion was carried out on a barge in the open ocean, as it was feared that the bomb could destroy the nearby island. The power of the explosion was 11 megatons, instead of the expected 4 megatons. This is explained by the fact that cheap material was used as thermonuclear fuel.

Power 12 megatons

Mike device(Evie Mike) was initially of no value and was used as an experimental bomb. The height of the nuclear cloud was estimated at 37 km, and the diameter of the cloud cap was about 161 km. The strength of the nuclear wave "Mike" was estimated at 12 megatons of TNT. The power of the projectile was enough to wipe out the small islands of Elugelab, where the test was carried out. In their place, only a funnel with a diameter of 2 kilometers and a depth of 50 meters remained. Radioactively contaminated fragments from the reefs scattered 50 km from the epicenter of the explosion.

Capacity 13.5 megatons

- the second most powerful nuclear explosion produced by American testers. It was expected that the initial capacity of the device will be no more than 10 megatons of TNT. As it turned out, the nuclear explosion had a large force and was estimated at 13.5 megatons. The height of the stem of the nuclear fungus was 40 km, and the hat was 16 km. The radiation cloud reached Mexico City in four days, which is located 11,000 km from the site of the operation.

Capacity 15 megatons

Castle Bravo(Shrimp TX-21) is the most powerful atomic bomb ever tested in the US. The operation was carried out in March 1954 and suffered irreversible consequences. An explosion with a capacity of 15 megatons caused severe radiation contamination. Hundreds of people living in the Marshall Islands received radiation exposure. The stem of the nuclear mushroom exceeded 40 km, and the diameter of the cap was estimated at 100 km. The explosion caused the formation of a huge funnel on the seabed, 2 km in diameter. The consequences of the tests led to the limitation of operations carried out with nuclear projectiles.

Capacity 58 megatons

(AN602) - the most powerful Soviet nuclear bomb in the world of all time. An eight-meter projectile with a diameter of two meters was used as a test in 1961 on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. It was originally planned that the AN602 would have a capacity of 100 megatons, but being afraid of the global destructive power of weapons, they agreed that the explosion force would not exceed 58 megatons. At an altitude of 4 km, the Tsar Bomba was activated and gave stunning results. The diameter of the fiery cloud reached about 10 km. The nuclear pillar was about 67 km in height, and the diameter of the column's cap reached 97 km. Even being at a distance of 400 km from the epicenter of the explosion was extremely life-threatening. A powerful sound wave spread over almost a thousand kilometers. On the island where the test took place, there were no traces of life and no buildings, absolutely everything was level with the surface of the earth. The seismic wave of the explosion circled the entire planet three times, and every inhabitant of the planet could feel the full power of nuclear weapons. After this test, more than a hundred countries signed an agreement to stop this type of operation both in the atmosphere and under water and on land.