The best counterfeiter of the USSR. Viktor Baranov - the main counterfeiter of the Soviet Union

Viktor Baranov
Name at birth:	Viktor Ivanovich Baranov
Occupation:	inventor, artist, counterfeiter
Date of Birth:
Citizenship:	USSR USSR Russia, Russia

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Viktor Ivanovich Baranov(1941, Stavropol Territory) - Soviet and Russian inventor, artist. In 1978, he was arrested for making counterfeit money and sentenced to 12 years in prison. He was called "Counterfeiter No. 1".

Biography

As a child, Victor was fond of collecting old banknotes. Color pictures depicting royal people fascinated him. He heard a lot about the fact that there are people who can make the same ones, but he did not imagine that one day he would be able to do something similar.

After the seventh grade, he left for Rostov-on-Don to study at a construction school.

More than once he offered his inventions to enterprises, but for the most part they remained unclaimed. Then Baranov "for self-affirmation", as well as to finance his own inventions, takes up the manufacture of money.

He traveled to second-hand bookshops, but could not find all the books he needed there. He found the necessary literature in the Lenin Library, where he read, outlined and studied books on printing and zincography. He even stole a few, which he recalls with regret: “I don’t belong to crooked people.”

At one time he worked as a journalist. Shortly before his arrest, Baranov worked as a driver for the Stavropol Regional Committee of the CPSU. More than once he had to carry important people, including the first secretary of the local regional committee Mikhail Gorbachev.

Next to the inventor's house was a barn in which he equipped his "research laboratory". Overwhelmed by new ideas, Viktor Ivanovich did not leave there for days.

On April 12, 1977, he was detained at the collective farm market in the city of Cherkessk while selling another batch of fakes. During a personal search of Baranov, 77 counterfeit banknotes in denominations of 25 rubles were found. As it turned out, the driver quit in August 1976 and did not work anywhere, but the detectives found out that he did not need money: having lost his salary, he bought a Niva car, bought gold jewelry for his wife, and made expensive gifts to relatives. When police officers began to question Baranov about accomplices, he stated that he did everything alone. Experts initially did not believe this, however investigative measures confirmed the fact that Baranov had made counterfeit banknotes for a total of 33,454 rubles, while at the time of his arrest Baranov had sold banknotes in the amount of 23,525 rubles.

He was sentenced to 12 years in prison. Released in 1990. Lived in Stavropol. The latest hobby is perfume. On May 15, 2016, the premiere of the TV series, Money, "the plot of which is based on the story of V.I. Baranov, took place.

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An excerpt characterizing Baranov, Viktor Ivanovich

Berg took the opportunity to ask with particular courtesy whether they would now issue, as was heard, double the fodder allowance to army company commanders? To this, Prince Andrei replied with a smile that he could not judge such important state orders, and Berg laughed joyfully.
“About your case,” Prince Andrei turned again to Boris, “we will talk later, and he looked back at Rostov. - You come to me after the show, we will do everything that will be possible.
And, glancing around the room, he turned to Rostov, whom he did not deign to notice the position of childish irresistible embarrassment, turning into bitterness, and said:
- You seem to be talking about the Shengraben case? You were there?
“I was there,” Rostov said with anger, as if by this he wanted to offend the adjutant.
Bolkonsky noticed the state of the hussar, and it seemed funny to him. He smiled slightly contemptuously.
- Yes! Lots of stories about this stuff!
“Yes, stories,” Rostov spoke loudly, looking at Boris and then Bolkonsky with furious eyes, “yes, there are many stories, but our stories are the stories of those who were in the very fire of the enemy, our stories have weight, and not stories of those staff thugs who receive awards without doing anything.
“Which do you suppose I belong to?” - calmly and especially pleasantly smiling, said Prince Andrei.
A strange feeling of anger and at the same time respect for the calmness of this figure was united at that time in the soul of Rostov.
“I’m not talking about you,” he said, “I don’t know you and, I confess, I don’t want to know. I'm talking about staff in general.
“And I’ll tell you what,” Prince Andrei interrupted him with calm authority in his voice. - You want to insult me, and I am ready to agree with you that this is very easy to do if you do not have sufficient respect for yourself; but you will agree that both the time and place are very badly chosen for this. One of these days we will all have to be in a big, more serious duel, and besides, Drubetskaya, who says that he is your old friend, is not in the least to blame for the fact that my physiognomy had the misfortune not to please you. However,” he said, getting up, “you know my name and you know where to find me; but do not forget,” he added, “that I do not consider myself or you offended at all, and my advice, as a man older than you, is to leave this matter without consequences. So on Friday, after the show, I'm waiting for you, Drubetskoy; goodbye, ”concluded Prince Andrei and went out, bowing to both.
Rostov remembered what he had to answer only when he had already left. And he was even more angry because he forgot to say it. Rostov immediately ordered his horse to be brought in and, after taking a dry farewell to Boris, rode off to his place. Should he go tomorrow main apartment and call this breaking adjutant, or, in fact, leave the matter like this? was a question that tormented him all the way. Now he thought with malice about how pleased he would be to see the fright of this small, weak and proud little man under his pistol, then he felt with surprise that of all the people he knew, he would not have wanted so much to have his friend like this adjutant he hated.

On the next day of Boris' meeting with Rostov, there was a review of the Austrian and Russian troops, both fresh, who had come from Russia, and those who had returned from the campaign with Kutuzov. Both emperors, the Russian with the heir to the Tsarevich and the Austrian with the Archduke, made this review of the allied 80,000th army.
From early morning, smartly cleaned and cleaned troops began to move, lining up on the field in front of the fortress. Then thousands of feet and bayonets with fluttering banners moved, and at the command of the officers they stopped, turned around and formed up at intervals, bypassing other similar masses of infantry in different uniforms; then with measured clatter and clatter sounded elegant cavalry in blue, red, green embroidered uniforms with embroidered musicians in front, on black, red, gray horses; then, stretching out with its copper sound of trembling on carriages, cleaned, shiny cannons and with its own smell of overcoats, artillery crawled between the infantry and cavalry and was placed in designated places. Not only generals in full dress uniform, with impossibly thick and thin waists constricted and reddened, propped up collars, necks, in scarves and all orders; not only pomaded, dressed-up officers, but every soldier, with a fresh, washed and shaved face and cleaned up to the last possible shine with ammunition, each horse, groomed so that, like satin, its wool shone on it and hair to hair lay wetted mane, - everyone felt that something serious, significant and solemn was happening. Each general and soldier felt their insignificance, conscious of being a grain of sand in this sea of people, and together they felt their power, conscious of being part of this vast whole.

This man is still rightly considered an unsurpassed master in the manufacture of counterfeit banknotes. At one time, his criminal talent literally shocked Goznak specialists, party and police chiefs of the USSR. Today, Viktor Baranov huddles in an ordinary hostel room with his wife and young son. And after 11 years of imprisonment, he continues to translate his unexpected inventions into reality, but now they are exclusively law-abiding. April 12, 1977 Cherkessk. Kolkhoz market. The Adyghe salesman had just informed the policemen that a few minutes ago a buyer approached him with a request to exchange twenty-five-rouble notes. Merchants were asked to pay attention if someone offers quarter or fifty dollars on the market? So he turned. Yes, of course, he will show the buyer. Here's the one with the briefcase. The documents of the suspicious buyer turned out to be in order: Viktor Ivanovich Baranov, a resident of Stavropol. But as he turned out to be in order with cash, the policemen never dreamed of. Viktor Ivanovich had 1,925 rubles in quarter notes in his briefcase. These 77 banknotes became for Baranov the same as 33 irons for Professor Pleischner - a sign of failure. - So who are you? - the investigator asked him when the police brought the owner of the suspicious money to the police station. “I am a counterfeiter,” replied the king of counterfeiters. From point of view law enforcement This story started in the mid 70's. By 1977, in 76 regions of the USSR, from Vilnius to Tashkent, 46 counterfeit banknotes of fifty-ruble denomination and 415 of twenty-five-ruble banknotes were identified, which, according to experts, had a single source of origin. Exclusively high quality fakes made counterintelligence suspect the CIA, which, of course, could easily print rubles in a factory way in the United States, and then distribute them to the USSR through agents. Along with the spy version, the traditional version was also checked - it was assumed that the counterfeiters received the technology directly from Goznak. More than five hundred employees of the enterprise were under round-the-clock surveillance by the KGB for almost a year, until a second examination established that Goznak had nothing to do with it - just someone in the country was too well versed in the process of printing money. Counterintelligence with regret abandoned the idea to find American sowers in the USSR, scattering banknotes, and the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs focused on searching for a group of counterfeiters inside the country. Gradually, it was possible to determine that high-quality fakes appear more often in the south of Russia than in other regions. Then the circle of searches narrowed down to Stavropol, where for three months in 1977 86 counterfeit twenty-five rubles were immediately revealed. And finally, thanks to the vigilance of the Adyghe seller, the first, as the security forces believed, a member of a criminal group, was captured. It must be said that at the time of the arrest, Baranov was ... a freelancer of the Stavropol OBKhSS. As a driver, Viktor Ivanovich took two military officers on raids in all sorts of "bread places" - Senior Lieutenant Alexander Nikolchenko and Major Yuri Baranov (namesake). And it must have happened that the starley was in Pyatigorsk during the arrest, where he was just catching the notorious elusive counterfeiter! He learned that he was caught in Cherkessk, and received an order to deliver the captured to Stavropol. What was the astonishment of the opera when he saw his partner in front of him! .. “I knew that Yura and Sasha were looking for me, but I never asked them a question ... I would never use our friendly relations to my advantage” , - Baranov admits. “I decided for myself a long time ago,” says Baranov, “if they catch me, I won’t twist and turn. I never lied to the police." The police, however, did not know about this then and considered Viktor Ivanovich a counterfeiter courier, who decided to take all the blame on himself in order to shield his accomplices. Because one person cannot make counterfeit money of such impeccable quality!

“I was taken to Stavropol as a general,” recalls Baranov. “Two traffic police cars with flashing lights were driving ahead.” There, he immediately led the police to his barn, where a search revealed a compact printing house, bundles of printed money, and five notebooks describing many years of research. On the same day, the Minister of the Interior Shchelokov received a report on the table, and the very next morning a group of Moscow experts flew to Stavropol. During the investigative experiment, in front of the distinguished guests, Viktor Ivanovich created watermarks on paper, rolled the letterpress and intaglio, cut the sheet and numerated the treasury number. By the end of the performance, there were no more skeptics in the room. Everyone believed in a miracle and in the fact that the wizard needed to roll in a decent time. After that, by decision of the Main Investigation Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, one hundred more similar cases were attached to criminal case No. In the USSR, people were also sentenced to death for lesser crimes. Interest in money appeared in Vitya Baranov as a child, when he began to collect a collection of old banknotes. But he came to the fact that you can make money yourself much later ... In Stavropol, where the future criminal genius studied at an ordinary school, he was always on in good standing at teachers. Until the fifth grade, Vitya Baranov went to round honors, and his behavior was always exemplary. Among his favorites school subjects there was drawing ... The guy went to art school, wrote beautiful sunsets... And best of all, he made copies of famous paintings - "Alyonushka" by Vasnetsov, "Morning in a Pine Forest" by Shishkin and others. After the seventh grade, Vitya Baranov went to Rostov-on-Don to study at a construction school. For a year he mastered the specialty of a parquet carpenter. He also wanted to be a pilot. Collected with a friend at the flying club large group the same guys and began to deal parachuting. Victor made several jumps. At the draft board he was told that he needed to complete two more, and he would be called to landing troops. But, heeding his mother's lamentations, Baranov graduated from DOSAAF driving courses and went to serve in the autobat. And he was a secretary Komsomol organization his part. After the army, Victor worked at one time as a freight forwarder in the Stavropol regional committee of the party. And twice he even drove Mikhail Gorbachev home from work at night - at that time the third secretary of the committee for Komsomol work. - When I started making money, I was one hundred percent sure that nothing would work out. But it was interesting to test your abilities, - recalls the Stavropol "Kulibin".

He worked on banknotes for 12 years. During this time, I thoroughly studied as many as 12 printing specialties - from an engraver to a printer. For three years he "invented" the watermark, two - ink for intaglio printing. He studied textbooks for printing students, even traveled to Moscow, studied at Leninka rare books"by specialty" ... He had to do a lot by trial and error. The inventor closed in his barn on Zheleznodorozhnaya Street in Stavropol and worked literally day and night. The fruits of this work can be seen today in the Museum of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The whole room is occupied by Baranov's "exposition", which was brought to Moscow no less - on two KamAZ trucks! The special pride of the genius of forgery is the solution he invented for removing copper oxides during etching. Over this task long time all the printers of the world fought. Terribly laborious and painstaking work! And Baranov built a reagent from four components - two poison copper, two remove its oxides. Everything about everything needs a minute or two ... Goznak worked for 14 years on this poison, which received the unspoken name - "Baranovsky". The first banknote that Baranov made was a fifty-ruble note. One to one with the original in the smallest details. The only thing, out of respect for Lenin, the counterfeiter rejuvenated the leader by twenty years. And this was not noticed in any bank! He produced a little fifty dollars - 70 pieces. Caucasians in the markets "with hands" grabbed them and asked for more. But the Stavropol citizen decided to make a "quarter" - the most secure of the Soviet banknotes. “If the ruble was the most difficult, I would do it ... I was not interested in money as such,” Viktor Ivanovich laughs.

Even the police admit that Baranov used his money machine very modestly. The only serious acquisition for all these years was the car. And then, according to Viktor Ivanovich, the entire amount was paid to them from honest labor savings. “I didn’t go to restaurants, I didn’t smoke, I didn’t drink, I didn’t have girls. And there was no TV, there was only a small refrigerator. I didn't have to - I was doing work." All the money went to the manufacture of new equipment. He did not give counterfeit banknotes to his relatives. “My wife once asked where the money came from,” recalls Baranov. - I said that I offer my inventions to factories. I didn’t give my wife a lot of money - 25, 30, 50 rubles. In parallel with the study of the monetary business, Baranov observed the behavior of sellers in the markets in order to understand how money “moves”. For example, fishmongers always take banknotes with wet hands; meatmongers often have blood on their hands. Caucasians willingly take new crispy banknotes. As a result, Baranov attached 70 fifty dollars, after which he decided to tie them up. Tired of fanfiction. However, Baranov immediately lost interest in the money he made. He was not interested in wealth - he just needed funds to implement other bold projects. He thought that for this you need somewhere around 30 thousand rubles. No sooner said than done! Yes, that's the trouble, when Baranov took to change his money in the Crimea, bought two kilograms of tomatoes from one grandmother, walked away and only after a few minutes missed that he did not have a suitcase with him. He returned, and the old woman was like that, taking with her money for a good house ... The bungler-inventor had to turn on the printing press, which he was about to take apart and scatter in parts into different ponds. Baranov did not even think of counterfeiting the currency. But during one of his trips to the capital, he bought a dollar from a huckster - for the collection. Having looked at it more carefully, I was convinced how simple the money was in execution ... Baranov had no friends, because friends like to visit without knocking. For suspicious neighbors, he regularly arranged a "day open doors". Curious old women who looked into the workshop had a view of the locksmith, enlarger and containers for developing - all the most interesting Baranov hid disassembled under the shelves. Only a suspicious hunter neighbor continued to believe that Baranov was pouring shot in the barn at night.

It was during the creation of a new batch of quarters that the maestro made a fatal mistake. Fixing the cliche to create a protective net, Baranov did not pay attention to the fact that the cliché was turned upside down. As a result, having printed money, he found that in the place where the wave should have a rise, there was a descent. Believing that no one would notice this, he decided not to reject the party. However, in one of the banks, where such a bill eventually ended up, a sharp-sighted cashier noticed the difference and raised the alarm. From that moment, as they say in thrillers, Baranov had only a few months to live in freedom. “By the time I was arrested, all my equipment had been dismantled,” he says. - I was going to drive through the ponds and lakes and scatter it there in parts. I didn’t throw it out just because April, mud, you won’t pass. And thank God. Otherwise, divers would have to look for these parts at the bottom of the reservoirs. From the Stavropol pre-trial detention center, Baranov was transferred to Moscow, to Butyrka. Every day he was visited by specialists, to whom he demonstrated the victory of the human mind over Goznak during twelve investigative experiments. The technologist of Goznak wrote in his conclusion: “The counterfeit banknotes made by Baranov V.I. in denominations of 25 and 50 rubles are outwardly close to genuine banknotes and are difficult to recognize in circulation. That is why this forgery was very dangerous and could cause distrust of the population in genuine banknotes. Viktor Ivanovich willingly shared his achievements. For twelve years he hid, and finally people appeared who were able to appreciate his talent and titanic work. The king of counterfeiters gladly issued a recipe for his solution, which etched copper several times faster than it was done in Goznak (under the name "Baranovsky solvent" it was used in production for the next 15 years). For Minister of the Interior Shchelokov, Baranov outlined on ten pages recommendations for improving the protection of rubles from counterfeiting ... Probably, Viktor Ivanovich told the competent authorities a lot of useful things, given that the execution article was replaced with a colony, while they gave him three years less than the maximum term . “I printed a little money,” Baranov offers his explanation for the humanity of the Baranov court. - And then they would have shot. But you know what I'll tell you: it would be better if they shot you. I wouldn't suffer for eleven years when my hands are shaking with hunger, snow, wet feet and ten cars with concrete that need to be thrown with a shovel. Every day". In fact, Baranov printed a lot - about 30,000 rubles, but he put only a small fraction of this money into circulation, most of so it remained in the shed.

Baranov served his term in a special regime colony in Dimitrovgrad Ulyanovsk region. Like a real passionary, he showed his talents there too: “I wrote to the newspaper. Won once in a competition best article for all ITCs. Then they sent me a bonus - 10 rubles. And I was a director - I headed amateur performances. We had a choir with more than three hundred people, they occupied the first places for seven years in a row. Baranov also made the scenery for his productions, whether it was the Maxim machine gun or the emblem of the USSR, flashing lights to the beat of the recited verses. In the "zone" Baranov enjoyed great prestige. Contrary to the local order, the prisoners did not give him a nickname, but called him respectfully by his first name and patronymic. Returning after imprisonment in 1990 to Stavropol, Baranov again took up invention. “The meaning of a person’s life is creative work,” he says, waving a pick for 11 years. “What I was given, I realized, even if I had to endure a lot of suffering and serve time.” He still had no friends, his first wife divorced him in the ninth year of his imprisonment, all that remained was to invent. At the Analogue plant, where he soon got a job, Baranov proposed a new method for building up a nickel grid in batteries. “I was told then: “Who are you? Specialists from Germany came here, they didn’t come up with anything new!” And I promised them that they would supply me more cognac. And so it happened." Then Baranov opened the Franza company for the production of perfumes. I made six barrels of perfumes, 200 liters each. But a few years later the company closed, unable to compete with the shaft of cheap foreign perfumes. "The boxes they had were beautiful, but inside - bullshit." Baranov invented a method for cleaning potatoes from earth, stones and other inclusions. The solution is ingenious - pour everything into a container filled with salt water. The potatoes will float, the rest will go to the bottom. I wanted to patent my invention, but was refused - I filled out the form incorrectly ... Then a series of new inventions followed: ceramic car paint resistant to acids and alkalis, furniture made from paper waste, water-based furniture varnish, adhesive paste, light brick, healing balm. It was possible to attach some of the inventions, to receive royalties for something ... This is how Viktor Ivanovich lives today - in a hostel with his young wife and child. Modestly, but with the hope of recognition. And on the order of a Moscow company, Viktor Ivanovich developed his own trade protection system, which is much more effective than barcodes. Baranov lives with his wife and young son in a room in a simple Stavropol hostel. This is where he keeps all his equipment. Thoughts about going abroad, Baranov never had. So what if brains are valued higher there? He doesn't value money much. He needs them only to invent something new. And he also says that he will never give anyone the technology for making "Baranovsky" banknotes. #counterfeiter #biography

I think everyone will agree: it is categorically time for us to beat up the basics of the very first, bestial truths, to return to half-century-old anthologies for reminders of “what is good and what is bad”, to the fairy tale “Turnip” for the rehabilitation of the concept of collectivism, to “The Tale of fisherman and fish "for a memento about the inevitability of a broken trough, if you lust and eat in three throats out of order. Twenty years of timelessness and moral relativism loosened and loosened and ultimately knocked down the nationwide moral sight: if not direct sympathy, then non-judgment, obsequious readiness to justify betrayal from selfishness ("oh, so maybe Judas needs these thirty pieces of silver - for kids for milk, for mom for medicine? ”) Or resentment (“Shvabrin took revenge on the tyrant-Ekaterina for her youth ruined in the wilderness, and on the family of Captain Mironov - for outraged love!”). Applause was torn down by the social Darwinist Professor Preobrazhensky, a tear was squeezed out of a scoop for sausage directed by Regis Varnier - swimming across the Black Sea, noble indignation was fueled by the unbearable torment of an academician from physics, who was forced to take risks, but did not take risks for the sake of graduate school for a talented student black caviar on their own sandwich (“what the bastard system brought people to, but in the West they never would, never for anything ...!”) freely, legs dangling, settled; the phrase “human life”, having lost all ethical content, finally merged with savoir-vivre, and the motto “love yourself, sneeze at everyone, and success awaits you in life” began to be perceived without any almost - literally.

Conscious artistic attempts to reverse the trend since then have invariably failed, if not creative, then didactic fiasco: fasting, humble, righteous, passion-bearers and heroes offered by post-reform cinema, sometimes triumphed morally, but never - in the worldly, most important for the new viewer, and therefore never viewed by the same viewer as role models. A kind of apotheosis of the new Russian vision of righteousness was the Teacher's film "The Edge": leaving its premiere, one of the "night witches", a pilot, twice a hero Soviet Union, called the director a bastard for the fact that he, bypassing the Russian, kind, sacrificial, incredibly strong moral woman, gave according to the plot to a German woman, an enemy, the main, most valuable post-war resource - an okay, fair, sweaty muscle sparkling from the screen man. Because if anyone has kept their ethical sight for the dashing with the obese and kept it in a more or less combat-ready state, it is those people, and they unmistakably felt the creeping immorality of the scenario layouts, depriving their own and the right ones in favor of strangers and cunning.

The turning point, oddly enough, was made by Lilia Kim, a screenwriter now working in Hollywood. Almost for the first time in a quarter of a century, an organ worker turned out to be in her history not only the most crystal-clear, the most decent in every sense, the smartest and most professional figure, but also the most attractive relatively modern system coordinates, the most successful in everyday life, having received the final for an honest, staunchly, uncompromisingly done work, ranks, orders, cars, summer cottages, and - a prestigious, solid, stone-walled marriage. At the same time, the investigator of Goznak Filatov is by no means a speculative moralistic ideal. The sophistication of Dykhovichnaya as an actress, already, it seems, comparable to the sophistication of her brilliant compatriot Irina Metlitskaya, also a Minsker, who also came to the cinema from the matschool, her stylish, brittle thinness, the boiling cold of her game, professional, on the verge of a foul, the rigidity and intransigence of her character , who does not accept any verbal fog, any penumbra, knowing perfectly well that it is in the penumbra that every creature will stumble - cause the viewer, according to public discussions, sometimes envious hostility, sometimes the despondency of the consciousness of their own inconsistency, sometimes rejection mixed with admiration. And always - an unequivocal "I believe!" Almost the first in the post-reform cinema I “believe” in a titanic character, much larger than the environment.

Insofar as Environment"Money" - as if written off from the stories of Leonid Bezhin, who, in turn, wrote off a blueprint of everyday life, of which he was the same age. This is a life where, having received diplomas, “they begin to “get it on time, bring it before the holidays and wave it at demonstrations,” where they really live only on “unattended” days, and the rest are torn off, crumpled in a fist and thrown into the trash, like sheets of a calendar . In general, the classic Losev “was like a world, and I kind of lived in it with a bag of Chaldean flour; I was beaten in the nostrils by a burnt commander, unwashed armpits of the Komsomol. The small but significant difference in Anashkin's view of this world, however, lies in the fact that he looks not from the outside, painfully sniffing the vile armpits along with the lyrical hero fragrantly raised above the unbearable everyday life, but from the inside, taking responsibility for the smell from armpits, and for the fact that the combizhir was burnt. The irrational, grotesque materialism that engulfed the late Soviet Union with mass psychosis, almost for the first time in the entire post-reform period, evokes uninterested empathy in the authors, but mixed bewilderment with squeamish pity.

Indeed, according to the scenario, it turns out that Alexei Barannikov was pushed onto a slippery slope not so much even by the system that expelled him from the capitals, which did not need his inventions. A loner, a nugget, he, in general, is quite philosophical about the futility of butting with the clumsy Leviathan, who does not distinguish any separateness, and lives for himself, since the system supplies the most necessary, not particularly straining, leaving many intellectual and spiritual valences free to create - for himself like all true artists do. Itching, rutting, nibbling awakens in him precisely the late Soviet material rapacity, under its pressure, he exchanged the last penny of his soul for fake, masterfully executed fake quarters.

With the advent of money, many criminal professions were born, one of which is counterfeiting.

At one time, the criminal talent of Viktor Baranov shocked the specialists of Goznak and the police of the USSR with the skill of making counterfeit banknotes. Even now, many years later, he continues to make his unexpected inventions a reality.

On April 12, 1977, an Adyghe seller from the collective farm market in Cherkessk turned to the police and said that a few minutes ago the buyer had asked him to exchange several twenty-five-ruble banknotes. Previously, merchants were asked to report any instances of someone offering quarters or fifty dollars. The seller pointed to a citizen with a briefcase.

The citizen's documents were in order: Viktor Ivanovich Baranov, a resident of Stavropol. But the contents of the portfolio aroused suspicion. It turned out to be 1925 rubles in quarter tickets.

— So who are you? the investigator in the department asked him.

— I'm a counterfeiter replied the king of counterfeiters.

For the police, the story begins in the mid-70s.

By 1977, 46 counterfeit fifty-ruble denominations and 415 counterfeit twenty-five-ruble notes had been identified in the USSR, which, according to experts, had a single source of origin. The first suspicions fell on the CIA and Goznak employees. For more than a year, investigators watched the employees of the enterprise, until they agreed that someone else was well versed in printing money. The version of the involvement of the CIA disappeared by itself and the forces were focused on searching inside the country.

Over time, it was found that high-quality fakes appear more often in the south of the country. Gradually, the circle of searches narrowed to Stavropol, where 86 counterfeit twenty-five rubles were revealed in three months. And finally, thanks to the Adyghe seller, the counterfeiter was captured. The police assumed that it was a member of a criminal gang.

It is worth saying that Baranov was a freelancer of the Stavropol OBKhSS. By profession, he was a driver and took Senior Lieutenant Alexander Nikolchenko and Major Yuri Baranov to raids. " I knew that Yura and Sasha were looking for me, but I never asked them a question ... I would never use our friendly relations to my advantage”, Baranov admits.

« I decided a long time ago if they catch me, I won't twist and turn. I never lied to the police". Until recently, the police considered Viktor Ivanovich a petty figure in the party of counterfeiters, who decided to take all the blame on himself.

« They took me to Stavropol as a general, IN two traffic police cars with flashing lights were driving in front».

During the search, a compact printing house, bundles of printed money and five notebooks with a description of the research were found. On the same day, a report was placed on the desk of Interior Minister Shchelokov, and the next day a group of Moscow experts flew out.

During the investigative experiment, Viktor Ivanovich created watermarks on paper, letterpress and intaglio printing, cut the sheet and applied the treasury number with a numerator. By the end of the action, there were no more skeptics in the room.

Interest in money appeared in Viktor Baranov as a child, then he collected a collection of old banknotes. He was always in good standing with teachers, until the fifth grade he went with a round honors student, attended art school, wrote beautiful sunsets. Best of all, he made copies from famous paintings - "Alyonushka" by Vasnetsov, "Morning in a Pine Forest" by Shishkin and others.

After the seventh grade, Victor left for Rostov-on-Don to study at a construction school. For a year he mastered the specialty of a parquet carpenter, he wanted to become a pilot. In the flying club I gathered a large group of guys and began to go in for parachuting, made several jumps. Having listened to his mother, Baranov abandoned the idea of going into the landing force, finished driving courses at DOSAAF and went to serve in the autobattalion.

- When I started making money, I was one hundred percent sure that nothing would work out. But it was interesting to test your abilities, Viktor recalls.

For 12 years of research, he mastered more than a dozen printing specialties, devoted three years to the invention of a watermark, two to gravure ink. For a long time I studied textbooks for printing students. The inventor worked day and night, closed in his barn. The results of the work can be seen today in the Museum of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The exposition occupies a whole room.

The special pride of the genius is the solution he invented for removing copper oxides during pickling. All printers in the world struggled with this task for a long time. Baranov built a reagent from four components - two poison copper, two remove its oxides. The whole process takes less than two minutes. Subsequently, Goznak worked for 14 years on this poison, which received the unspoken name - "Baranovsky".

Baranov's first banknote was fifty rubles. It had only one difference from the original - out of respect for Lenin, the counterfeiter rejuvenated the leader by twenty years. He produced a little fifty dollars - 70 pieces. The Stavropol citizen decided to make a "quarter" - the most secure of the Soviet banknotes. " If the ruble was the most difficult, I would do it ... I was not interested in money as such».

The only serious acquisition for all these years was the car. According to Viktor Ivanovich, the entire amount was paid to them from honest labor savings. " I didn’t go to restaurants, I didn’t smoke, I didn’t drink, I didn’t have girls. And there was no TV, there was only a small refrigerator. I didn't have to - I was doing work". All the money went to the manufacture of new equipment. He did not give counterfeit banknotes to his relatives. " The wife once asked where the money came from, Baranov recalls. — I said that I offer my inventions to factories. I didn’t give my wife a lot of money - 25, 30, 50 rubles».

Baranov often observed the behavior of sellers in the markets, analyzed how money "moves". He noticed that fishmongers always take banknotes with wet hands; meatmongers often have blood on their hands. And Caucasians willingly take new crispy banknotes. As a result, Baranov attached 70 fifty dollars, after which he decided to quit with them.

He was not interested in wealth - he just needed funds for other projects. He thought that for this you need somewhere around 30 thousand rubles. The required amount was printed and the inventor went to the Crimea to change money. To his misfortune, a tomato trader stole a suitcase with money from him and the machine had to be turned on again.

Baranov had no friends. For suspicious neighbors, he arranged an "open day". The old women had a view of the locksmith, the enlarger, and the developing tanks - everything interesting Victor hid disassembled under the shelves. Only the neighbor-hunter continued to believe that the owner poured shot in the barn at night.

Somehow, during the creation of a protective net, Baranov did not pay attention to the fact that the cliché was turned upside down. As a result, he found that in the place where the wave should have a rise, there was a descent. Considering that no one would notice this, it was decided not to reject the party. But in one of the banks, a sharp-sighted cashier noticed the difference and raised the alarm.

« By the time of my arrest, all my equipment had been dismantled, he says. — I was going to drive through ponds and lakes and scatter it there in parts. I didn’t throw it out just because April, mud, you won’t pass. And thank God. Otherwise, divers would have to look for these parts at the bottom of reservoirs».

From the Stavropol pre-trial detention center, Baranov was transferred to Moscow, to Butyrka. Every day he was visited by specialists, to whom he told about his research during twelve investigative experiments.

The technologist of Goznak wrote in his conclusion: “ Counterfeit banknotes in denominations of 25 and 50 rubles made by Baranov V.I. are outwardly close to genuine banknotes and are difficult to recognize in circulation. That is why this fake was very dangerous and could cause distrust of the population in genuine banknotes.».

Viktor Ivanovich willingly shared his experience. For Minister of the Interior Shchelokov, Baranov outlined on ten pages recommendations for improving the protection of rubles from counterfeiting. The execution article was replaced with a colony, while they were given three years less than the maximum term.

Baranov served his term in a special regime colony in Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk Region. He showed his talents there too: “ I wrote to the newspaper. Won once in the competition for the best article on all ITC. Then they sent me a bonus - 10 rubles. And I was a director - I headed amateur performances. We had a choir with more than three hundred people, the first places were occupied for seven years in a row».

Returning after imprisonment in 1990 to Stavropol, Baranov again took up invention. " The meaning of human life is creative work. What was given to me, I realized, even if I had to endure a lot of suffering and serve».

He still had no friends, his first wife divorced him in the ninth year of his imprisonment. At the Analogue plant, where he soon got a job, Baranov proposed a new method for building up a nickel grid in batteries. " Then they told me: “Who are you? Specialists from Germany came here, they didn’t come up with anything new!” And I promised them that they would supply me more cognac. And so it happened».

Then Baranov opened the Franza company for the production of perfumes. I made six barrels of perfumes, 200 liters each. But a few years later the company closed, unable to compete with the shaft of cheap foreign perfumes. " Their boxes were beautiful, but inside - bullshit».

Baranov invented a method for cleaning potatoes from earth, stones and other inclusions. The solution is ingenious - pour everything into a container filled with salt water. The potatoes will float, the rest will go to the bottom. I wanted to patent my invention, but was refused - I filled out the form incorrectly ...

Then came a series of new inventions: ceramic car paint resistant to acids and alkalis, furniture made from paper waste, water-based furniture varnish, adhesive paste, light brick, healing balm. Some of the inventions managed to attach. By order of a Moscow firm, Viktor Ivanovich developed his own trade protection system, which is much more effective than barcodes.

Thoughts about going abroad, Baranov never had. He doesn't value money much. He needs them only to invent something new. He says that he will never give anyone the technology for making "Baranovsky" banknotes.
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