How to write part 2 on social studies OGE. Recommendations for the tasks of the second part of the OGE in social studies. The exam will contain what was discussed in class.

The examination paper consists of two parts, including 31 tasks. Part 1 contains 25 short-answer tasks, part 2 contains 6 long-answer tasks.

For each task 1–20 of the work, four answer options are offered, of which only one is correct. The task is considered completed correctly if the exam participant has written down the number of the correct answer. The task is considered failed in the following cases: a) the number of the incorrect answer is recorded; b) the numbers of two or more answers are recorded, even if the number of the correct answer is also indicated among them; c) the answer number is not recorded. In tasks 21–25, the answer is given as a sequence of numbers (for example, 125), written without spaces or separating characters. Answers to the tasks of Part 2 are independently formulated and written down by the examinee in detailed form. Verification of their implementation is carried out by experts based on a specially developed system of criteria

Scale for converting points to grades:

"2"– from 0 to 14

"3"– from 15 to 24

"4"– from 25 to 33

"5"– from 34 to 39

System for assessing the performance of individual tasks and the examination work as a whole

Correctly completed work is scored 39 points. Each correctly completed task 1–21, 23–25 is scored 1 point. Task 22 is scored according to the following principle: 2 points – no errors; 1 point – one mistake was made; 0 points – two or more mistakes were made. Part 2 tasks are graded depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer. For complete and correct execution tasks 26–28, 30 and 31 are awarded 2 points. If the answer is incomplete – 1 point. For complete and correct completion of task 29, 3 points are awarded. In case of incomplete completion, depending on the representation of the required components of the answer - 2 or 1 point. Thus, for completing the tasks of Part 2 (correct and complete formulation of answers to all six questions), the examinee can receive a maximum of 13 points.

For execution exam paper 3 hours (180 minutes) are allotted.

Assignments. There are 31 tasks in the OGE in social studies.

1–20 → short answer tasks covering all the main topics of the social studies course. In them you need to select only one answer option: enter the option number in the appropriate field on the form or fill out the table for compliance.

21–25 → short answer tasks where you need to use knowledge from different sections of the course. In these tasks you need to select one or more answers from the proposed options and arrange them in the form of a sequence of numbers without spaces or commas. For example, 234.

26–31 → tasks with a detailed answer, related to the analysis of the proposed text on a specific topic. In them you need to present your train of thought, adhering to logic and using arguments from the text or social studies course.

Course sections. The OGE will test knowledge of the following sections:

Man and Society, tasks 1–4

Spiritual culture, 5–6

Economics, 7–10

Social sphere, 11–13

Politics and social management, 14–16

Right, 17–20

All exam requirements are listed in the 2019 specification. Familiarize yourself with it so that you have a clear idea of what topics will be covered in the exam.

Time. The exam lasts 180 minutes. To solve one problem basic level difficulty from the first part takes 1–4 minutes, higher level complexity - up to 10 minutes.

Problems with a detailed answer from the second part take the longest to solve:

Task 26 → 15–20 minutes

Task 29 → 15–20 minutes

Task 31 → 10–15 minutes

How work is evaluated

1 point → tasks 1–21, 23–25

2 points → tasks 22, 24, 26–28, 30–31. Task 22 is scored 2 points if there are no errors, and 1 point if one error is made. In tasks 26–31, points are awarded depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer. If the answer is complete, you will receive maximum score.

3 points → task 29. You will receive them if the answer contains all the necessary components. If something is missing, you will be given 1 or 2 points, depending on the completeness of the answer.

The maximum score you can get on the OGE in social studies is 39 points. They are translated into a rating on a five-point scale.

15–24 → “3”

25–33 → “4”

34–39 → “5”

How to Solve Short Answer Problems

1. Read all the words in the condition carefully

They contain the key to the answer. There are usually no extra words in tasks; each one has the knowledge to solve it correctly.

Task 1. A distinctive trend in the development of modern society is:

1. Mechanization

2. Industrialization

3. Modernization

4. Globalization

Solution. IN in this case keyword- “modern”. To give the correct answer, you need to correlate the terms specifically with modern society, and not with society as a whole.

Answer: 4.

2. Learn all terms and definitions

Knowing the terms, you can easily find the correct answer.

Task 2. What concept is traditionally used to denote the totality of socially significant human qualities acquired throughout life?

1. Personality

2. Temperament

3. Individual

Solution. Let us recall the definitions: “personality is a concept developed to reflect the social nature of a person, consider him as a subject of sociocultural life, define him as a bearer of an individual principle, self-revealing in the context of social relations.” It follows from it that the correct answer to the task is personality.

Answer: 1.

3. Read primary sources

This is especially true for problems related to politics, government system and rights. Use not only textbooks and manuals, but also the Constitution of the Russian Federation, laws and codes. They are written in clear language and contain all necessary information.

Task 18. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Armed Forces Russian Federation is:

1. President of the Security Council

2. Minister of Defense

3. Chief of the General Staff

4. President of the Russian Federation

Solution. We turn to Article 87 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: “The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.”

Answer: 4.

4. Be careful

Students make at least 20% of mistakes on a social studies exam due to inattention, and not due to lack of knowledge. Before filling out the form, check all the answer options several times and make sure that you have filled out all the columns correctly and have not mixed up the numbers.

Task 21. Compare civil and criminal liability. Select and write down the ordinal numbers of similarities in the first column of the table, and the ordinal numbers of differences in the second column:

1. Comes only for the crime committed

2. Applied by the competent authorities of the state

3. Strictly regulated by law

4. A citizen has a criminal record

Answer. The completed table with the answer should look like this:

5. Do not use additional information if it is not specified in the condition

If there is no data in the task, it means you don’t need it. Don’t try to demonstrate erudition and breadth of outlook. In short-answer tasks, this will do more harm than good. After all, you risk getting confused and making a mistake.

Task 23. During one of the online surveys, the question was asked: “For which positions would you prefer to hire a non-smoking specialist?” The survey results are presented in the chart below.

Survey results for task 23

Solution. What conclusions can be drawn based on the data in the diagram?

1. Employers give preference to non-smoking office employees.

2. It is most important for employers that account managers do not smoke.

3. For employers, it doesn’t matter whether their accountant smokes or not; many will hire a smoker for this position.

4. The overwhelming number of employers surveyed would like to see non-smoking administrative staff.

5. Employers do not focus on smoking among medical staff.

You need to analyze the diagram and find several correct answer options. Do not use additional knowledge to solve the problem and do not calculate anything, because there are no numbers or percentages on the diagram. A simple comparison is enough.

❌ Option 1 is not suitable, the “Office employees” column is not high enough to indicate the preference of employers.

❌ Option 2 is not suitable. Looking at the “Customer Service Managers” column, you can’t say that this is all that important to their employers.

✔️ Option 3 is suitable. According to this sign, more than half of employers will hire an accountant who smokes, and that’s really “many.”

✔️ Option 4 is suitable. The column devoted to data on “personal assistants” is the highest - such a majority can well be called overwhelming.

✔️ Option 5 is suitable. The column relating to medical staff suggests that employers really do not focus on their bad habits.

Answer: 345.

What to pay attention to. The correct answer looks exactly like this - 345, without spaces or commas.

Task 24. It is related to task 23, to solve it you need to use the same diagram.

The survey results, reflected in the diagram, were published and commented on in the media. Which of the following conclusions directly follows from the information obtained during the survey?

1. If you want to become a personal assistant to the head of a reputable company, you should reconsider your views on smoking, since many managers will prefer a non-smoking assistant to a smoking one.

2. Doctors should set an example for other citizens and give up bad habits.

3. Upon employment office employees a negative answer to the question about smoking will often play a decisive role.

4. Artists, musicians and other creative workers most often smoke, which does not interfere with their successful careers.

5. The secretary’s resume should indicate that there are no bad habits, as this will increase the attractiveness of this employee.

Solution. When completing this task, refer exclusively to the diagram. Focus on the data presented, not on how correct the statement appears. It may be absolutely true, but have no relation to the diagram.

In this case, options 2, 3 and 4 are incorrect; such conclusions cannot be drawn from the diagram.

Answer: 15.

What to pay attention to. In task 23 there are usually three correct answers, and in task 24 there are two correct answers.

How to work with text

During the exam you will receive a short text fragment. You need to read it and complete six tasks. They test your ability to understand a text, divide it into its component parts, highlight the main thing, look for the necessary information, analyze it and give examples that illustrate the ideas of the text.

Text for tasks with detailed answers

1 - task 26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

Highlight the main points and then title them.
The plan should have at least 4–5 points.
The plan must relate to the text and address all the ideas that are covered in it.
Ideas don't always line up with paragraphs.
The plan should be short and concise. Don't use long sentences.
You can use interrogative sentences.
The plan should form a holistic impression of the text.
When making a plan, imagine that you need to make a report on the text, and the plan is your cheat sheet for the speech. If, looking at the plan, you can remember all the main points from the text, then it is compiled correctly.
The beauty of the formulations will not be assessed, only their correctness. But try to express yourself clearly and clearly.

2 - task 27. What relationship between patriotism and state policy does the author note, citing V.V. Putin? What concepts are closely related to this?

Do not begin answering the second question of the assignment until you have answered the first.
When answering questions, follow a clear structure. It is best to start with the words specified in the task. “Quoting Putin’s words, the author notes that state policy should be based on patriotism.” “The author says that the concepts of political and economic stability are associated with this.”

3 - task 28. What definitions of the Motherland does the author note? Indicate two features that characterize a patriotic attitude towards the Motherland, highlighted by the author.

If the condition talks about definitions, then there must be at least two of them.
Rewrite the definitions, abbreviating them in your own words.
Find the indicated features in the text and select two of them.

4 - task 29. Which definition of patriotism is closest to the author? Using social science knowledge, give two examples of such patriotism.

Find the necessary definitions in the text.
Determine which one is closest to the author.
Examples should not be from the text, but from a social studies course, books, films, the Internet, or your own experience.
In 2-3 sentences, explain why this particular example seems appropriate to you.

This means that one example needs to be taken from the text, one from other sources.

Find in the text those features that are mentioned in the condition.
Choose two of them.
Choose the traits that you like best and that are easier for you to explain.
For each trait, give an example not from the text.
Justify your idea in a few sentences.

The examination paper consists of two parts, including 31 tasks. Part 1 contains 25 short-answer tasks, part 2 contains 6 long-answer tasks.

Scale for converting points to grades:

"2"– from 0 to 14

"3"– from 15 to 24

"4"– from 25 to 33

"5"– from 34 to 39

System for assessing the performance of individual tasks and the examination work as a whole

Correctly completed work is scored 39 points. Each correctly completed task 1–21, 23–25 is scored 1 point. Task 22 is scored according to the following principle: 2 points – no errors; 1 point – one mistake was made; 0 points – two or more mistakes were made. Part 2 tasks are graded depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer. For complete and correct completion of tasks 26–28, 30 and 31, 2 points are awarded. If the answer is incomplete – 1 point. For complete and correct completion of task 29, 3 points are awarded. In case of incomplete completion, depending on the representation of the required components of the answer - 2 or 1 point. Thus, for completing the tasks of Part 2 (correct and complete formulation of answers to all six questions), the examinee can receive a maximum of 13 points.

3 hours (180 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work.

This question has two purposes:

in the form of a question containing the key idea of the semantic block: “”

The essence of the middle class.
Middle class composition.
Mid-range features.

What's happened middle class?
What functions does the middle class perform?

Sources:

Every person over the age of eighteen own experience knows what it is exam. But school exam– that’s not so bad. Here a person studies for quite a long time, so he gets used to the teachers, and they, in turn, get used to the students. And perhaps they will influence exam This is some relief or help. But now, with the arrival of the One in our country State Exam, everything changes. And instead of live communication with a person from the commission, we are forced to draw circles in the tests.

Instructions

In fact, this is the most serious. Let us remember the philosophy of oriental martial arts when they say: “Never underestimate your opponent.” In this case, this is an opponent who is better to overestimate and prepare much better.

But, looking from the other side, you understand that social studies is a subject like all the others. Therefore, there is nothing supernatural here. For successful completion exam and all that is required is some preparation and self-confidence.

You should start preparing about a year or so before exam A. The human brain is designed in such a way that information perceived sometime in the past is much better absorbed and easier to retrieve than information that was read a couple of hours ago.

As John Kehoe wrote in the book “The Subconscious Mind Can Do Anything,” the information that the brain has perceived throughout life does not disappear. Even if a person does not remember something, this does not mean that it does not exist. The bulk of the perceived material is deposited in the subconscious. And at the right moment, the brain can remember this memory. But there will be no certainty that this is the correct answer. There will be a clear understanding that it is not knowledge that is manifested, but... But this is only an unobtrusive work of the subconscious, which helps to find the right answer in various issues.

As for directly exam Well, the day before it is better not to overload your brain with anything unnecessary, but just relax. Information overload and anxiety before a big day can lead to stress, and this is not the best thing that can happen. Therefore, the most correct option is to relax and get some sleep.

Tip 3: How to correctly complete task 26 in the OGE in social studies

Task 26 in the OGE: how to do it correctly? What do you need to know to get the maximum score? Features of the answer and advice for the student.

Task No. 26 in the OGE in social studies is one of the simplest and at the same time causing the most problems for schoolchildren. Nevertheless, it is not so difficult to do it: you just need to learn a few simple rules.

The 26th task is a brief outline of the text presented for analysis. It is estimated at 2 points. It is necessary to highlight all the semantic fragments of the passage and title each of them.

This question has two purposes:

test the student’s ability to highlight the key ideas of the text, without which it is impossible to study normally in a professional institution;
assess your child's composing skills short plan answer.

There is a third function, which is important for the student himself: after compiling a “table of contents”, it will be much easier to answer the remaining questions in the written part.

What task number 26 should look like

To make it easier to understand exactly what to call each point, imagine that you were asked to write a report on some topic that is not too familiar to you. And we were only allowed to take the table of contents for this report with us to the presentation. Accordingly, each item in this table of contents should be compiled in such a way that, after reading it, you immediately remember the contents of the entire chapter.

There are two ways to make a text outline:

in the form of a sentence in the nominative form: “Functions of the middle class”;

At the same time, an answer made in the form of a table of contents, rather than a list of the main questions of the text, is more valued.

Most often, the semantic block coincides with the paragraph. However, there are other situations. So, sometimes one large paragraph may contain two fragments that carry completely various information. In this case, each of them will have to be highlighted as a separate point in the plan.

It also happens the other way around: several paragraphs reveal different aspects of the same issue, so it is impossible to highlight each point separately. Most often this happens when the author lists the functions or characteristics of a social phenomenon.

For example, the text “Middle class” is divided into 8 paragraphs; while the fourth paragraph states that the middle class performs different functions, and in all subsequent ones, each of these functions is revealed in turn. It turns out that there are actually only 4 semantic blocks in this task: all functions, together with the introductory sentence, need to be highlighted in one paragraph.

The correct outline for this story would look like this:

The essence of the middle class.
Middle class composition.
Criteria for identifying the middle class.
Mid-range features.

Or, if you prefer to complete task 26 in the form of questions, you can create a table of contents like this:

What is the middle class?
Who is considered middle class?
What criteria are used to distinguish the middle class?
What functions does the middle class perform?

Please note that the assignment form does not allow too long sentences, paragraphs consisting of two or more sentences, as well as additional subparagraphs such as “1a”, “1b”, “1c”. Items containing words that do not carry a semantic load, or that look like a piece of a phrase taken out of context, will not be counted.

At the same time, it is not forbidden to write out fragments of text in the table of contents, if they well reflect the meaning of the paragraph and do not contain unnecessary words.

How to write the correct item title

In order to learn how to correctly do task No. 26, you need to learn how to highlight the key ideas of the text and each paragraph separately. To do this, try to mentally retell the text, answering the question: “what is the passage talking about”? And in the first paragraph? In the second paragraph?

There is no need to repeat phrases that are already in the text: shorten and simplify them, conveying only general meaning. Remove everything introductory words, epithets and comparisons, leave only the “framework” - a few phrases, without which a sentence or paragraph will lose meaning. They will be the key thought.

For example, in the phrase “It is quite obvious that linguistic stratification runs along lines other than those of racial or state stratification,” there are only 5 words that really have meaning: “linguistic stratification,” “lines,” “racial,” and “state stratification.” All other words serve only to connect this sentence with the previous and subsequent ones and to give the phrase an “emotional” coloring. It is from these five words that you will need to construct the name of the item for task 26.

The key idea of the phrase is that lines different types social stratifications vary. It remains to transform the narrative form of the sentence into the form of the title: “Lines of social stratification.”

The title should be short, concise and fully reflect the meaning of the fragment. There is no need to over-specify or generalize the meaning of the statement. Thus, the option “social stratification” for the mentioned item will not be counted. It is clear that the entire text talks specifically about social stratification. But since this paragraph deals specifically with the criteria of this stratification, then all the more “extensive” names will be incorrect, since they will not give an idea of the content of the “chapter”.

One more piece of advice can be given to ninth-graders: read more and try to retell what you read mentally or out loud, so that the skill of highlighting key ideas gradually becomes automatic.

Sources:

OGE in social studies: analysis of tasks with detailed answers
How to do assignments 26 in social studies

The second part of the examination consists of tasks with detailed answers. Each of the six tasks in this part tests a specific skill on a different social studies course content. There are some general rules, compliance with which can be recommended for successful implementation tasks of this part.

First of all, you need to read the terms of the task and clearly understand the requirement, which indicates the assessed elements of the answer. It is important to pay attention not only to what should be called(indicate, formulate, etc.): signs, (features, arguments, examples, etc.), but also determine what number of data elements must be given (one, two, three, etc.).

This is necessary in order to get the maximum score without doing extra work (when, instead of three elements, a graduate gives, for example, five or six). The fact is that there is a clear dependence of points on the completeness of the correct answer. The answer may be correct, but incomplete. In this case, it will be impossible to get the maximum score.

Read the text and write down the tasks.

We are entering a century in which education, knowledge, and professional skills will play a decisive role in a person’s destiny. Without knowledge, by the way, which is becoming more and more complex, it will simply be impossible to work, to be useful... A person will introduce new ideas, think about things that a machine cannot think about. And for this, the general intelligence of man will be increasingly needed, his ability to create new things and, of course, moral responsibility, which a machine cannot bear... the heaviest and most difficult burden will fall on man. Herculean task It’s not easy to be a person, but a person of science, a person who is morally responsible for everything that happens in the age of machines and robots. General education can create a man of the future, a creative man, a creator of everything new and morally responsible for everything that will be created.

Teaching is what a young man now needs from a very young age. You always need to learn. Until the end of their lives, all the major scientists not only taught, but also studied. If you stop learning, you won’t be able to teach. For knowledge is growing and becoming more complex. It must be remembered that the most favorable time for learning is youth. It is in youth, in childhood, in adolescence, in adolescence, that the human mind is most receptive.

Know not to waste time on trifles, on “rest”, which sometimes tires more than the hardest work, do not fill your bright mind with muddy streams of stupid and aimless “information”. Take care of yourself for learning, for acquiring knowledge and skills that only in your youth you will master easily and quickly.

And here I hear a heavy sigh young man: What a boring life you offer our youth! Just study. Where is the rest and entertainment? So why shouldn't we rejoice?

No, no. Acquiring skills and knowledge is the same sport. Teaching is difficult when we do not know how to find joy in it. We must love to study and choose smart forms of recreation and entertainment that can also teach us something, develop in us some abilities that we will need in life...

Learn to love learning!

(D.S. Likhachev)

26 Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

31 The author believes that “you always need to learn.” Using the text and social science knowledge, confirm with two arguments (explanations) the need continuing education throughout a person's life.

First task for the text (No. 26 in work) requires drawing up an outline of the text, highlighting its main semantic fragments and titling each of them. To complete this task, you must carefully read the text, understand its content, and identify the main ideas. It is very important to understand that the names of the plan points should not completely reproduce individual phrases of the text - you need to briefly formulate the main idea of each fragment yourself. In this case, the number of selected fragments can be different system assessment does not specify a specific number of plan points. But at the same time, you need to understand that in splitting the text into semantic fragments (micro-topics), there must be a certain logic; based on its understanding, the expert checking the work can conclude that the main semantic fragments are highlighted.

In our example, the following semantic fragments can be highlighted:

the role of education in the 21st century;
moral responsibility of a person of science;
young years - time of study;
be able to find joy in learning.

It is possible to formulate other points of the plan without distorting the essence of the main idea of the fragment, and to highlight additional semantic blocks. The correctness of all wording of the work will be determined by the expert during the verification process.

The next two tasks require extracting information from the text.

Second task to the text (No. 27 in the work) involves retrieving information presented explicitly. The required information can be given in the form of a direct quotation from the text, and lengths and details can be omitted and only a recognizable fragment of the phrase is given. Information can be given in the form of a retelling close to the text. Both of these options for completing the task are equal.

Our example should contain the following elements:

role: a person will bring new ideas, think about things that a machine cannot think about;
qualities: a person’s general intelligence, his ability to create new things, moral responsibility.

It is possible that in the text you can find not what is required in the task, but a larger number of pieces of information. In this case, the student can choose any of them.

Third task for the text (No. 28 in the work) involves the extraction and some interpretation of information presented in the text.

In our example, the correct answer must contain the reasons:

knowledge is growing and becoming more complex;
It is in youth that a person's mind is most receptive.

The fourth task to the text (No. 29 in the work) involves going beyond the content of the text and involving contextual knowledge of the social science course, facts public life or the graduate’s personal social experience.

What are the requirements for completing such tasks? Firstly, the accuracy and correctness of the given facts (social facts or models of social situations), their compliance with the theoretical principles given in the assignment. Secondly, the presence of reasoning that specifies the essence of the theoretical position given in the assignment, the logical and substantive correctness of these reasoning. Thirdly, the correctness of reflection of various types of connections in reasoning and facts.

In our example, the following explanations can be given:

The correct answer must contain the following elements:

2) two examples indicating qualities, let's say:

– classes in sports section develop strength, dexterity, strong-willed qualities, and the ability to interact with partners and rivals;

– reading works of art develops imagination, sense of empathy; expands ideas about the world and man.

Elements of the answer can be given in other, similar in meaning formulations

Fifth task to the text (No. 30 in the work) - a task, which, as a rule, has an independent developed condition, tests a whole complex of skills: to correlate individual facts and social processes, apply knowledge of a social science course, supplement course knowledge with information from a proposed source, apply a source of social information to solve a problem, etc.

The following explanations may be given.

Man bears moral responsibility for “everything.” what happens in the age of machines and robots”, since:

1) the global economic problems that humanity faced in the second half of the 20th century were largely caused by intensive transformative human activity, the nature and direction of which beginning of XXI V. have not changed;

2) developing technology and technologies not only have a positive impact on the development of society, but also pose a potential threat to the existence of humanity.

Other explanations may be given.

Options use different models conditions (problem situation, social fact, statistical data, problematic statement, etc.)

Sixth task to the text (No. 31 in the work) involves the formulation and argumentation by the graduate of his own judgment on the current problematic issue public life. This task is directly related to the content of the text, but it requires viewing the text from a different perspective.

In our example, the correct answer should contain the following elements:

arguments (explanations):

1) in modern world knowledge becomes outdated very quickly, so it has to be constantly replenished and corrected;

2) modern people change jobs often, so you have to constantly learn new information, types of activities.

Other arguments (explanations) may be given.