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When the PPSh machine entered the active Red Army. The history of weapons - the legendary PPSh

Shpagin Georgy Semenovich (1897-1952) since 1920, a mechanic in an experimental workshop of an arms factory. Since 1922, he participated in the design of 6.5 mm coaxial light and tank machine guns together with V.G. Degtyarev. In 1938, together with Degtyarev, he created the DShK cal. 12.7 mm. In 1940-41, he created the PPSh submachine gun, in 1943, the OPSh lighting pistol.
The problem of creating compact weapons with an increased density of fire at short (less than 200 m) distances, both the military and gunsmiths different countries tried to solve even before the start of World War I.


Photo 1. Automatic PPSh


Photo 2. The device of the machine.


Photo 3. The device of the machine.


Photo 4. The device of the machine.


Photo 5. The device of the machine.


Photo 6. The device of the machine.


Photo 7. The device of the machine.


Photo 8. The device of the machine.


Photo 9. The device of the machine.


Photo 10. The device of the machine.


Photo 11. The device of the machine.


Photo 12. The device of the machine.


Photo 13. The device of the machine.


Photo 14. The device of the machine.


Photo 15. The device of the machine.


Photo 16. The device of the machine.


Photo 17. The device of the machine.


Photo 18. The device of the machine.


Photo 19. The device of the machine.


Photo 20. The device of the machine.


Photo 21. The device of the machine.

In the experimental workshops of England, France and Russia, the trigger mechanisms of Mauser and Borchard Luger pistols were redesigned for continuous firing. The Germans converted their Mauser-96 pistol to fire in automatic mode. All these systems worked flawlessly, but the accuracy of the battle turned out to be useless, and besides, the pistol barrels overheated almost instantly when working in bursts.
The first submachine guns, more or less suitable for combat use, were developed in Italy. At the beginning of 1916, Italian troops were armed with the Villar Perosa submachine gun designed by A. Revelli.


Photo 22. This submachine gun was a twin installation, on a bipod with an armor plate, firing 9 mm Glisenti cartridges.

The shutter was frictionally slowed, the magazine placed 25 rounds on each barrel. The installation had good accuracy, was first tested in the battle on the Isonzo River in Italy against the Austro-Germans. Due to the large weight, it turned out to be low-lifting and was not widely used.
In 1918, the MP-18 submachine gun designed by Hugo Schmeiser began to enter the Kaiser's army. This weapon was lighter, but short-range - up to 100 m.


Photo 23. In 1921, a submachine gun designed by D. Thomson of 11.43 mm caliber appeared in America with a magazine for 20, 50 and 100 rounds.

At first, Thomson did not receive distribution in the army, but it was widely used in gangster showdowns.
The highest members of the military departments of all countries had a clear mistrust of submachine guns - the range of fire of this weapon was no more than 200-300 m and was clearly insufficient for combined arms combat. The military believed that a submachine gun was still suitable for defense, but not for an offensive. These views were refuted during the war between Bolivia and Paraguay in 1934. The submachine gun proved to be excellent not only in the offensive, but also in street battles and in repelling cavalry attacks. But the military don't care about the idea combat use submachine gun were skeptical.
The situation changed during the Spanish War in 1936. In this war, the Germans made extensive use of armored vehicles, under the cover of which they came close to the positions of the Republicans. At distances at close range (50-100 m), the range of rifles and machine guns was no longer needed, but it was more profitable to increase the density of fire by the action of a specific combat unit. The Germans came close to the positions of the Republicans and literally "pitted" them with automatic fire. Tactical superiority became clear.
Military and government officials from different countries began to stir. Designers-gunsmiths became thoughtful: all machine guns for a pistol cartridge of that time were obviously heavy, obviously short-range, and most importantly, very expensive to manufacture. All parts were made on milling machines, using a large amount of metal and very slowly. These machine guns were bulky, clumsy, inconvenient and, as the shooters say, "not applied and not aiming."
The designer of weapons systems G.S. Shpagin, who of his own free will undertook to invent new weapons, had a clear and distinct vision of the future. From a comparison of different combat systems, Shpagin developed firm views on the individual components of the machine gun. Gradually, in his imagination loomed new system more advanced weapons.
Shpagin believed that the machine should be long-range, with good accuracy of fire, light and applied. But most importantly, it should be very cheap and easy to manufacture. An idea came into his head - weapons should be stamped like spoons. Having visited the car factory, he saw how car bodies are stamped. If you can stamp bodies, you can stamp weapons.
The first mock-up of the future machine was made in the form of a cardboard punching card. In a folded form, she placed a shutter, trigger mechanism and other parts carved from wood. The designer did all this at home, without showing anyone, and they say that he later had significant troubles because of this. Like the fact that he had to make the last drawing of his machine gun with a piece of plaster on the door of a prison cell.
In the end, the work was approved. The machine turned out - in state tests it withstood 70 thousand shots without a single breakdown instead of the planned 50 thousand. It was distinguished by its simplicity of the device, there were no threaded connections, and the main parts were made by stamping. Handling and care were extremely easy. The machine gun was convenient and practical, it was distinguished by very accurate and accurate combat. Its production did not require scarce materials and sophisticated equipment. The production of PPSh in mass production took only 7 man-hours.
The Shpagin submachine gun (PPSh) was adopted by the Red Army in December 1940. Mass production began in June 1941, just before the start of World War II.
The war confirmed the tactical necessity of submachine guns. Moreover, the Shpagin system for conducting combined arms combat turned out to be more effective than machine guns of German, Austrian, Italian and English production. In terms of range, accuracy, and reliability, the PPSh was incomparably superior to all available types of machine guns. Its production increased all the time - thanks to the ease of manufacture, it was “riveted” even in school workshops. Until the end of the war, several million units of such weapons were manufactured.
According to the device, the Shpagin submachine gun is extremely simple. The principle of operation of automation is the operation of a free shutter. The machine works from the rear sear (or from an open shutter). Before the shot, a massive bolt is located in the rear of the receiver, supported by a compressed reciprocating mainspring and held in this position on the sear (trigger lever). When you press the trigger, the sear goes down, the bolt moves forward, pushes the cartridge out from under the bends of the magazine, sends it into the chamber and the drummer, fixed in the bolt cup, breaks the primer. When fired, while the bullet passes through the barrel, the bolt moves back 2-3 mm under the action of the recoil force. When the bullet flies out of the barrel, the bolt continues to move back by inertia, removes the spent cartridge case, which then hits the reflector and flies up through the output window. Having come to the rear extreme position, and after the recoil momentum is used up, the bolt moves forward again under the influence of the reciprocating mainspring and the firing cycle continues. All this happens as long as the trigger is pressed and there are cartridges in the magazine. If the trigger is released, the sear (trigger lever) will rise and stop the shutter in the cocked state.
All machine parts are placed inside the receiver, stamped from a 3 mm thick steel sheet. Connections are welded or riveted. The shutter is milled. Latch type fuse. The safety latch is located on the charging handle (Photo 4) and moves in it along the milled bottom. This latch securely locks the shutter even in the rear, even in the forward position.
A special shock absorber buffer located at the rear of the receiver protects against excessive vibration when the bolt moves back. AT different years and at different enterprises this buffer was made of fiber, rubber, and other non-standard materials.


Photo 24. Technical section of the PPSh submachine gun.

This weapon can fire both bursts and single shots.


Photo 25. PPSh trigger mechanism. The top diagram shows the operation of the trigger in single firing. When moving forward after descent from the combat platoon, the shutter lowers front shoulder uncoupler. At the same time, the rear shoulder of the uncoupler rises and with its bevel drowns the trigger grip. The trigger grip is disconnected from the protrusion of the trigger lever, as a result of which, when the trigger is pressed back (as shown in the diagram), the trigger lever rises under the action of the spring, and the bolt, moving back, becomes cocked. As soon as the shutter, moving back, ceases to act on the uncoupler, the latter, under the action of the trigger grip, rotates somewhat, and the grip rests against the trigger protrusion.
If you now release the trigger, then it turns under the action of its spring, and the trigger lever spring moves forward, lowers the rear shoulder of the uncoupler and becomes above the protrusion of the trigger lever.
When the trigger is pressed a second time, the lever arm will lower the lever, and the bolt will be released from the cocking, after which everything described will be repeated.
To ensure automatic firing, move the fire translator, as shown in the diagram below. Together with the translator, the uncoupler will also move forward, as a result of which its rear shoulder will not reach the trigger grip. The trigger grip will always be engaged with the protrusion of the trigger lever with the trigger pulled back (as shown in the diagram), the trigger lever will be lowered and automatic firing will occur.
Thus, in the trigger mechanism of the PPSh automaton, the role of the translator is reduced to turning the uncoupler on and off.
For firing from PPSh, pistol cartridges 7.62x25 are used, that is, cartridges for the TT pistol.


Photo 26. In the original version, the PPSh had a so-called drum magazine (Photo 5-7).

Cartridges in such a store are fed by a spiral spring. This spring is attached with its inner end to the hook of the magazine's fixed axis; the outer end of the coil spring is connected to the stamped hook of the drum. Before equipping the magazine, the spring is wound up by rotating the drum counterclockwise two turns or eight clicks. The cartridges are placed in two streams of the snail. With a fully equipped magazine, the supply of cartridges occurs as follows.
A wound coil spring rotates the drum in a clockwise direction; while the feeder attached to the drum pushes the cartridge of the internal stream of the snail. But the cartridges in the inner stream of the snail cannot move, since they are held by the restrictive protrusion of the snail, therefore the entire snail rotates, feeding the cartridges from the outer stream into the receiver under the bends of the neck. The rotation of the snail will occur until its restrictive ledge rests against the locking pin of the body. When the snail stops, the internal stream of the snail comes into operation, as the drum continues to rotate with the feeder pushes the cartridges from the internal stream into the receiver. The capacity of the PPSh drum magazine is 71 cartridges.


Photo 27. To prevent the machine from shaking during automatic firing and to improve the accuracy of the battle, the Shpagin submachine gun is equipped with the so-called active muzzle compensator (Photo 8-9). In this case, the impact of the gas jet after the exit of the bullet is taken on a beveled surface located in front of the muzzle. This impact gives an impulse of force directed against the action of recoil, thereby reducing the recoil energy of the entire system. Holes for the exit of gases are made up and to the sides so that the powder gases do not raise dust, which interferes with aiming and unmasks the shooter. With such a device, gases are ejected to the sides and mainly upwards, as a result of which the compensator receives a downward movement and compensates for the overturning moment that occurs under the action of recoil.
With a large magazine capacity and a strong compensator PPSh submachine gun could afford a high rate of fire - 700/900 rounds per minute.
The PCA system has been continuously improved. During the hostilities, it was determined that the sector rifle sight, notched at a distance of up to 600 m, turned out to be unnecessary,


Photo 28. and it was replaced by a folding sight of a simplified design with two positions at 100 and 200 m (Photo 4).
When the lubricant thickened, the drum magazines did not “turn” inside during the winter, which is why the soldiers instead of 71 rounds equipped no more than 50 rounds. Therefore, simpler and more reliable sector magazines with a capacity of 35 rounds, equipped with special adapters, were adopted for the PPSh. There were other minor improvements as well.
It would be wrong to say that the PPSh submachine gun was ideal. He suffered from the same vices as the rest of the submachine guns of his time. He was afraid of the sand. He overheated after shooting two drum (disk) magazines in a row. He was still short-range - you could get out of it 250 meters, no further. He was dangerous to handle - with a slightly shifted receiver latch, spontaneous shots occurred.
The disk (drum) magazine was equipped for a long time, laboriously and inconveniently. But this machine gun saved Russia - for the first two years of the war there was nothing more to stop the Germans. There were few rifles. There was a problem with machine guns. And PPSh was made in large quantities, at civilian enterprises, in school workshops from anything and on any equipment.
The PPSh assault rifle was in service with the Soviet army until 1964. It is still fired in Africa, Asia, Yugoslavia and Vietnam. Strange as it may seem, until recently it was the favorite weapon of … Italian mafiosi. Behind firepower and the accuracy of the fire, they preferred it to their own Berettas, Israeli Uzis and Czech "Scorpions".
The author of this article once had a chance to shoot from PPSh. The machine gun is convenient in the butt, it does not shake during automatic shooting, and with certain skills you can “sign” it on the wall. The overall impression is pleasure.

Tactical and technical characteristics

PPSh submachine gun arr. 1941
Caliber mm - 7.62
Length mm - 843
Barrel length - 269
Weight without cartridges, kg - 3.63
Magazine capacity, pcs 35 and 71.
Type of fire - single and automatic
Rate of fire rds / min. - 700/900.
The used ammunition is a 7.62x25 cartridge for the TT pistol.

Alexey Potapov
Special forces of the 21st century. Elite training. SPC "People's Health", LLC "VIPv"

Soviet submachine gun, created in 1940 by designer G.S. Shpagin for 7.62x25 mm TT ammunition and adopted by the Red Army on December 21, 1940. PPSh was the main submachine gun of the Soviet armed forces in the Great Patriotic War.

After the end of the war, by the mid-1960s, the PPSh was withdrawn from service with the Soviet Army and gradually replaced by the Kalashnikov assault rifle, it remained in service with the rear and auxiliary units, parts of the internal troops and railway troops, right up to the very collapse of the USSR in 1991. It is still in service with the paramilitary security units and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of a number of CIS countries.

Also, in the post-war period, PPSh was supplied in significant quantities to countries friendly to the USSR, long time was in service with the armies of a number of states, was used by irregular formations and throughout the twentieth century was used in armed conflicts all over the world.

On the this moment sold to civilians as a hunting carbine for amateur shooting with minor modifications (the fire selector is welded in the position for single shots, a limiter for 10 rounds is installed in the magazine, the muzzle and bolt cup can be punched in the striker area).

Story

In 1940, the People's Commissariat of Armaments gave the terms of reference to gunsmiths to create a submachine gun that is close or superior in tactical technical specifications submachine gun PPD-34/40, but more technologically advanced and adapted to mass production (including non-specialized machine-building enterprises).

By the autumn of 1940, the designs of submachine guns by G. S. Shpagin and B. G. Shpitalny were submitted for consideration.

The first PPSh was assembled on August 26, 1940, in October 1940 a test batch was made - 25 pieces.

At the end of November 1940, based on the results of field tests and technological evaluation of the PPSh samples submitted for consideration, it was recommended for adoption.

"The survivability of the sample designed by Shpagin was tested with 30,000 shots, after which the PP showed satisfactory accuracy of fire and good condition of the parts. The reliability of the automation was checked by firing at elevation and declination angles of 85 degrees, with an artificially dusty mechanism, in the complete absence of lubrication (all parts were washed kerosene and wiped dry with a rag), shooting without cleaning the weapon 5000 rounds.All this allows us to judge the exceptional reliability and reliability of the weapon along with high combat qualities.

D.N. Bolotin. "The History of Soviet Small Arms".

December 21, 1940 Shpagin submachine gun arr. 1941 was adopted by the Red Army. Until the end of 1941, more than 90,000 units were produced. In 1942, the front received 1.5 million submachine guns.

Design

PPSh is an automatic hand firearm designed for firing bursts and single shots.
Automation works according to the scheme of using recoil with a free shutter. Shooting is carried out from the rear sear (the shutter is in the rearmost position before the shot, after the descent it goes forward, sends the cartridge, the primer is pricked at the moment the filling is completed), the shutter is not fixed at the moment of the shot. A similar scheme is often used in the creation of submachine guns. For all its simplicity, such a solution requires the use of a massive shutter, which increases the total mass of the weapon. In addition, a weapon using such a reloading scheme can fire as a result of a strong impact (for example, when falling), if the bolt from the extreme forward (non-fixed) position rolls back along the guides further than the magazine’s cartridge supply window from the impact, or from the extreme rear it breaks off stopper.

The trigger mechanism allows firing bursts and single shots from an open bolt. The drummer is located motionless in the shutter mirror. The translator is located inside the trigger guard, in front of the trigger. The fuse is a slider located on the cocking handle. The fuse in the on state locks the shutter in the forward or rear position.

Like the PPD, the PPSh has a receiver fused with the barrel casing, a bolt with a fuse on the cocking handle, a fire translator in the trigger guard in front of the trigger, a flip sight and a wooden stock. But at the same time, PPSh is much more technologically advanced: only the barrel requires precise machining, the bolt was made on a lathe, followed by rough milling, and almost all other metal parts can be made by stamping.

The muzzle brake-compensator is a part of the barrel casing protruding forward beyond the muzzle (a beveled plate with a hole for the passage of a bullet, on the sides of which there are through windows in the casing). Due to the reactive action of powder gases when fired, the muzzle brake-compensator significantly reduces recoil and "bullying" of the barrel upwards.

The stock was made of wood, mostly birch. Sights at first they consisted of a sector sight (with a range of 50 to 500 m and a step of 50 m) and a fixed front sight. Later, a flip-over L-shaped rear sight was introduced for firing at 100 and 200 meters. PPSh-41 was first equipped with drum magazines from PPD-40 with a capacity of 71 rounds. But since drum magazines in combat conditions proved to be unreliable, unnecessarily heavy and expensive to manufacture, moreover, they required manual individual adjustment for each specific submachine gun, they were replaced by box-shaped curved magazines created in 1942 with a capacity of 35 rounds.

Trigger mechanism (USM)

Typical for mass submachine guns, a simple trigger with a reciprocating mainspring, the drummer is rigidly fixed in the bolt, the cocking is placed on the bolt. There is a translator that allows you to conduct single or automatic fire. The fuse blocks the movement of the shutter.

Characteristic

With an aiming range of 500 m (in the early version), the actual range of fire in bursts is about 200 m, an indicator that is significantly superior middle level weapons of this class. In addition, thanks to the use of 7.62x25 mm TT ammunition, in contrast to the 9x19 mm Parabellum or .45 ACP (operated in foreign PPs), as well as a relatively long barrel, a significantly higher muzzle velocity of the bullet was achieved (500 m / s versus 380 m / s for the MP-40 and 280-290 m / s for the Thompson submachine gun), which gave the best flatness of the trajectory, which allowed single fire to confidently hit the target at distances up to 200-250 m, and also fire at more, up to 300 and more meters-distance, compensating for the decrease in accuracy with a higher rate of fire or concentrated fire from several shooters. The high rate of fire, on the one hand, led to a high consumption of ammunition (for which the PP received the nickname "watering can"), and the rapid overheating of the barrel, on the other hand, it provided a high density of fire, which gives an advantage in close combat.

The survivability of PPSh, especially with a box magazine, is very high. A clean and oiled PPSh is an extremely reliable weapon. A fixed striker causes delays in firing when the bolt cup is contaminated with soot or dust gets on thickened grease: according to the memoirs of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, when moving in open cars or on armor on dirty roads, they almost always tried to hide PPSh under a cape. The disadvantages include the relatively large size and weight, the difficulty of replacing and equipping the drum magazine, a not very reliable fuse, as well as the possibility of a spontaneous shot when falling on a hard surface, which often led to accidents; a fiber shock absorber had a low survivability, softening the impact of the bolt on the receiver in the rear position; after the shock absorber was worn out, the bolt could break the back of the box.

The advantages of the PPSh include the large capacity of the drum magazine (71 rounds) compared to the MP-40 (32 rounds), but on the other hand, a larger amount of ammunition significantly increased the weight and dimensions of the weapon, and the reliability of the drum magazine was rather low. The box magazine was lighter and much more reliable, however, loading it with cartridges was more difficult due to the rearrangement of the cartridges at the exit from two rows into one: the next cartridge had to be brought under the jaws in a downward and backward movement. On the other hand, for example, the Schmeisser system store, which was used in German and English submachine guns, also had a restructuring of cartridges from two rows to one. To facilitate the equipment of PPSh box magazines, there was a special device.

Due to the presence of a muzzle brake-compensator, an adjacent shooter who finds himself at a distance of up to 2-3 m on the side of the muzzle may receive barotrauma or rupture of the eardrum. PPSh-41 is easy to identify by its high rate of fire, similar to the chirping of a sewing machine, and in the dark by three muzzle flames escaping from the top and side openings of the casing.

Modifications

USSR - PPSh model 1941, with a disk magazine for 71 rounds and a sector sight with ten divisions for shooting at a distance from 50 to 500 m. Release of the first batch of 400 pcs. at the plant number 367 started in November 1940, even before the official adoption of the submachine gun into service.

USSR - PPSh model 1942, with a box magazine for 35 rounds, a sight in the form of a rotary rear sight for firing at 100 and 200 m, a more reliable magazine latch, a chrome-plated surface of the barrel bore. The production of sector stores began on February 12, 1942, the first batches were made of sheet steel 0.5 mm thick, but the experience of operation in the army revealed their insufficient mechanical strength and later the stores were made from sheet steel 1 mm thick.

USSR - artisanal and semi-artisanal wartime PPSh variants:

- "product number 86" - submachine guns assembled at factory number 310 in Kandalaksha. The base was PPSh arr. 1941, the first submachine gun was assembled on January 25, 1941, a total of 100 pieces were produced. (due to the lack of drawings, the parts of submachine guns were adjusted manually and were not interchangeable). After receiving the technical documentation, the plant assembled another 5650 serial PPSh.
- in the summer of 1942, one PPSh submachine gun was manually assembled by master P.V. Chigrinov in the weapons workshop of the Razgrom partisan brigade operating in the Minsk region of Belarus;
-another submachine gun was restored from parts PPSh arr. 1941 partisan E. A. Martynyuk in the detachment. S. G. Lazo (as part of the partisan brigade named after V. M. Molotov, operating in the Pinsk region of Belarus) - the barrel, bolt and magazine were taken from a standard serial PPSh mod. 1941, and the barrel casing, receiver, trigger guard and wooden stock were made in a handicraft way;
- in the village of Zaozerye, in the weapons workshop of the Chekist partisan brigade, operating in the Mogilev region of Belarus, engineers L. N. Nikolaev and P. I. Scheslavsky collected ten PCA from March 30 to July 3, 1943, in total until July 1944 122 PPSh were manufactured here. In their production, parts of weapons that could not be restored were used (for example, the barrel of the “partisan PPSh” was made from part of a rifle barrel), the missing parts were made from structural steel

Third Reich - MP.41(r), a modification of the PPSh chambered for 9x19 mm "Parabellum", in which the barrel and magazine receiver were replaced, to use standard box magazines from the MP 38/40. Alteration started in 1944, about 10 thousand pieces were assembled in total.

Iran - since 1942 it was produced for the USSR at the Tehran Machine Gun Plant (under the name "model 22"), a total of several tens of thousands of units were produced, of which 9586 were actually delivered to the USSR by the end of 1944. Distinctive feature- crown stamp.

Socialist Republic of Romania - produced under the name PM PP S Md. 1952.

Hungarian People's Republic- in 1949-1955 it was produced under the name "7.62mm Geppisztoly 48.Minta".

PRC - after the end of World War II, it was produced under the name "Type 50". Minor changes were made to the design and production technology in connection with the adaptation to the characteristics of the Chinese industry.

North Korea - after the end of World War II, it was produced under the name "model 49".

Yugoslavia - in 1949-1992, the M49 submachine gun was produced, which had some design differences from the PPSh. Also produced versions of this submachine gun - M49 / 56 and M49 / 57.

Vietnam - during the Vietnam War of 1964-1973, a modification of the PPSh was assembled - the K-50 submachine gun.

Conversion samples

Self-loading version chambered for small-caliber cartridge .22 LR, manufactured by Pietta.

Self-loading version, produced since 2000 by Inter-Ordnance of America chambered in 7.62x25 mm and 9x19 mm. Features an elongated stem.

-SKL-41

Self-loading version chambered for 9x19 mm. Produced since 2008.

Self-loading version chambered for 7.62x25 mm, with a barrel lengthened to 16 inches (fully closed barrel casing) and design changes (shooting is carried out from a closed bolt). Produced by Allied Armament (USA).

Self-loading carbine chambered for 7.62x25 mm, created in 2013 by the Vyatka-Polyansky arms factory "Hammer".

Self-loading carbine chambered for 7.62x25 mm, created in 2013 by the Kovrovsky plant named after. V. A. Degtyareva.

Self-loading carbine chambered for 9x19 mm Luger, created in 2014 by the Kovrov plant named after A.I. V. A. Degtyareva. The barrel was replaced with a new one chambered for 9x19 mm. It visually differs from PPSh-O and VPO-135 in a slightly longer barrel, which is included in the front cutouts of the casing, forming a compensator.

4.5 mm gas-balloon pneumatic rifle, made with the use of the main parts of PPSh submachine guns (while maintaining all the technical marks). Created in 2007, produced since 2008 by the Vyatka-Polyansky arms factory "Molot"

4.5-mm air-operated gas-balloon rifle with the ability to fire bursts, manufactured by the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant.

Operation and combat use

During the Great Patriotic War

USSR - PPSh was the most massive submachine gun of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. It was also supplied to Soviet partisans, allies and entered service with foreign military formations on the territory of the USSR.

Czechoslovakia - The 1st separate Czechoslovak infantry battalion under the command of L. Svoboda received PPSh in October 1942, later other units of the Czechoslovak Army Corps received them
-Poland - in 1943, the PPSh received the 1st Polish infantry division named after T. Kosciuszko, and later other Polish units;
-Socialist Republic of Romania - in 1944-1945. a certain amount of PPSh was transferred to service with the 1st Romanian Infantry Division. Tudor Vladimirescu, after the end of the war, an additional amount was received from the USSR for the Romanian army. Used under the name PM Md. 1952.

Yugoslavia - in 1944, the PPSh received units of the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia, after the war, the PPSh remained in service with the Yugoslav People's Army.
-Third Reich - captured PPSh under the name Maschinenpistole 717 (r) entered service with the Wehrmacht, the SS and other paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany and its satellites.

Finland - captured PPSh were operated in Finnish army, there were also "alterations" under 9 mm.
-Bulgaria - in the period after September 9, 1944, the USSR transferred to the Bulgarian army a batch of PPSh, which were used during the hostilities of 1944-1945.

After the Great Patriotic War

After the war, PPSh were supplied in significant quantities abroad, mainly to countries Warsaw Pact and other states friendly to the USSR. A significant amount was shipped to China.

PPSh was operated in all conflicts of the second half of the 20th century, and fights with dignity even at the beginning of the 21st:

A certain amount was transferred to the arsenal of the people's police and the army of the GDR, received the name MPi 41
-In 1950-1953, Soviet, Chinese and North Korean versions of the PPSh were in service with the Korean People's Army and were intensively exploited during the Korean War.
- In the early 1960s, a certain amount of PPSh was received by the Cuban government, in April 1961 they were used to repel the landing of the "2506 brigade" in the Bay of Pigs.
-In the early 1960s, PPSh were in service with the Vietnamese people's army, they were used in initial period Vietnam War. Later, during the war, they were gradually withdrawn from service with regular army units and transferred to service with units of territorial defense forces.

As of November 1966, a number of PPSh were in service with the MPLA partisans in Angola
-As of 1968, a number of PPShs were in service with the Palestinian paramilitaries in Jordan, were used by fighters of local self-defense units in the battle of Karameh.
-Afghanistan signed an agreement with the USSR on the acquisition of a batch of Soviet small arms in August 1956, the first PPSh were received from the USSR in October 1956, later the PPSh was in service with army units at least until 1980, and then, in 1980- years, was operated by units of the people's militia of the DRA. Also, a large number of The PPSh was in service with the student "revolution defense units", people's militias and territorial self-defense units that fought against the "dushmans" in 1981 and even in 1986.

In Nicaragua, a number of PPSh were in service with the territorial detachments of the Sandinista People's Militia ("milisianos"), at least until mid-1985.
- At least until the 1980s, PPSh were used by the army and paramilitary units in some African countries.
-As of July 14, 2005, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine had 350,000 units in storage. PPSh; as of August 15, 2011, 300,000 units remained in the storage of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. PPSh
-Applied by all parties to the armed conflict in the South-East of Ukraine in 2014-2015.
-Belarus: withdrawn from service in December 2005
-Croatia: Used Yugoslav version of PPSh Zastava M49

performance characteristics

Weight, kg: 3.6 (without cartridges); 5.3 (with equipped drum magazine); 4.15 (with equipped sector magazine)
- Length, mm: 843
- Barrel length, mm: 269
- Cartridge: 7.62x25 mm TT
- Caliber, mm: 7.62
- Principles of operation: free shutter
-Rate of fire, shots / min: approximately 1000
-starting speed bullets, m/s: 500
-Sighting range, m: 200-300
-Maximum range, m: 400
- Type of ammunition: store: sector for 35 rounds, drum for 71 rounds
-Sight: unregulated, open, 100 m, with folding stand 200 m

PPSh-41 or Shpagin submachine gun model 1941 ordered for the army under the index GAU 56-A-134. The chief designer of the submachine gun chambered for 7.62x25 mm TT is Shpagin Georgy Semyonovich.

In 1940, from the People's Commissariat of Arms, there was a given technical task for gunsmiths to create a new submachine gun, which was supposed to surpass the PPD-34/40 in terms of technical characteristics, as well as the ability to produce a new submachine gun in factories that do not have specialized equipment for production firearms. So in the fall of 1940, the commission of the People's Commissariat of Armaments was presented with submachine guns from B.G. Shpitalny and G.S. Shpagin. First PPSh was born in August 1940, and in October 1940 the first experimental batch of 25 pieces was made. After field tests and verification of effectiveness, it was recommended to adopt the Shpagin submachine gun. During testing from one sample PPSh 30,000 shots were fired, after which PPSh continued to show satisfactory results in accuracy. The submachine gun was not cleaned for 5000 rounds dry without lubrication, it was also subjected to artificial dusting, after which it maintained its reliability and reliability. According to the author of the article, the basis for PPSh the Degtyarev submachine gun was chosen, since the PPD was the first submachine gun (disc magazine from the PPD, barrel cover, wooden stock, fire mode, sector sight). Disks from PPSh and PPD are not interchangeable.

PPSh Model 1941 was put into service on December 21, 1940. Until the end of 1941, 90,000 machine guns were produced, and in 1942 the front received another 1.5 million submachine guns.

PPSh-41 had automation, working due to the return of the free shutter. Before firing, the fighter cocked the bolt to the rear sear. After descent, the shutter, under the action of the force of a compressed spring, rushed forward, picking up the cartridge from the horn or disk and sent it to the chamber with a simultaneous strike of the striker on the primer. During the shot, the sleeve pushes the bolt back so that it completes a new cycle. Since the bullet exit speed is higher than the shutter recoil speed, the bullet exit occurs before the cartridge case is extracted. The shutter pulls out the sleeve and reflects it from the body of the machine. The Shpagin submachine gun has the ability to conduct automatic burst fire. As well as a semi-automatic mode of fire-single descents. Security PPSh-41 provides a safety that is integrated into the shutter lever itself, which allows you to put the shutter on the safety in two positions (cocked and not cocked).

PPSh It has a muzzle brake compensator that reduces recoil and bullying of the barrel when firing, which increases accuracy when firing bursts. The muzzle brake-compensator is very well thought out, as it is made by cold stamping the casing for the barrel and does not touch the barrel.

Disassembly and automation of PPSh in the context.

The wooden stock was mainly made from birch. At the end of the butt there was a canister which contained spare parts for caring for the machine gun. For aiming there was a sector sight. In the early days of the war, a folding sight was used with a division from 50 to 500 meters in increments of 50 meters, which was later replaced by a sight with a position of 100 and 200 meters. The 200 meter limit does not mean it is of little effectiveness - it was the decision of top army officials that a greater aiming capability would increase ammunition consumption. This decision was with the change of a 500-meter sight to a 200-meter one, since it was often necessary to fire at enemy columns at a distance or fire in the fields. The receiver was integral with the barrel casing and was produced by cold stamping. The barrel casing ensured that the barrel was protected from various blows, and also saved the fighter's hands from burns.


For feeding ammo PPSh-41 magazine discs from PPD-40 were used for 71 index cartridges GRAU 56-M-134D. But in combat conditions, they were capricious and not convenient and expensive to manufacture. Another important disadvantage of disks was their non-interchangeability. One disc from PPSh could not approach another submachine gun, which during the battle clearly prevented the use of the BC of a neighboring fighter. So when sent to the front to PPSh selected-customized 2 discs. This disk compatibility problem was solved after a year. "Clogging" with cartridges during the battle caused problems, since for this you need to open the disk, cock the spring mechanism and place the cartridges in the snail, then close it. At the end of 1942, double-row horns for 35 cartridges began to be supplied to the front - index GRAU 56-M-134Zh. The new horns were more convenient and reliable than disk magazines, although they were inferior in terms of cartridge capacity. With horns, it was easier in terms of equipment during the battle, and you could borrow a couple of “horns” from a friend. For the convenience of loading the horns, you can use a push-button mechanism that will save the hands of loads when “filling” the horns with cartridges.

For production PPSh it required 13.9 kg of metal and 7.3 hours of turner work. PPSh-41 could produce non-core workshops and few qualified employees, the main requirement was in the manufacture of the barrel and bolt.

PPSh-41 provided effective combat up to 200 meters. At greater distances, the consumption of ammunition increased. PPSh-41 had a cartridge departure speed of 500 m / s, against 380 f / s of its German rival, which made it possible to fire more efficiently while maintaining the lethality of the bullet. The submachine gun had a very high rate of fire in its class - 1000 rounds per minute. For its speed PPSh earned the nickname "Ammo Eater". A high rate of fire could lead to jamming, but ensured a high density of fire.

When firing, the fighter had to be careful if his comrades were next to him, since when fired in different directions, a jet of gas flew out of the muzzle brake 1.5-2 meters, which could break eardrum. PPSh has a good rate of fire, which shows it native brother VPO-135, so low accuracy when firing is a myth.

During the war PPSh-41 they wanted to replace it with PPS-43, but they could not, since the production PPSh was established and it was not worth interfering with this production cycle.

During the war, more than 6 million Shpagin submachine guns were produced. After the Second World War, they gradually began to replace it with a Kalashnikov assault rifle. The machine was delivered to friendly countries of the USSR: North Korea, Vietnam, African countries, the Department of Internal Affairs. About 10 countries have established production PPSh or structurally similar submachine guns.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, the remains of those preserved in military warehouses PPSh-41 began to remake for the civilian population. This is how the VPO-135, PPSh-O carbine, as well as 4.5mm VPO-512 PPSh-M "Papasha" and MP-562K "PPSh" gas-balloon rifles appeared.

Technical characteristics of the Shpagin PPSh-41 submachine gun
Number of shots disc-71 cartridge, horn-35 cartridges
Barrel diameter 7.62x25mm from TT pistol
combat rate of fire 120 shots per minute
Maximum rate of fire 1000 shots per minute
Sighting range 200 meters
Maximum firing range 1500 meters
Effective Shooting 200-300 meters
Initial departure speed 500 m/s
Automation free congestion, queues
The weight 3.6 kg - empty + 0.515 kg horn or + 1.7 kg disc
Dimensions 843 mm

1 469

In films about the Great Patriotic War, our Red Army soldiers, as a rule, are armed with PPSh submachine guns, and German soldiers are without fail angular MP. To some extent, this corresponded to reality, given that this type of automatic weapon, designed to fire pistol cartridges both in single shots and bursts, was one of the most massive. But it arose not at the end of World War II, but 25 years before it began.

First World War became a test for many European states and a real test of their weapons. In 1914, all armies experienced a shortage of light mechanical weapons, even reworked easel machine guns into manual ones, with which infantrymen were individually equipped. An exceptionally lack of this type of weapon was felt by the Italian army, whose soldiers had to fight in mountainous conditions.

The very first submachine gun was presented in 1915 by the Italian design engineer Avel Revelli. He saved in his design many of the properties of the usual "machine gun" - twin 9-mm barrels, with the breech resting on the butt plate with two handles, in which a trigger was built in, providing firing from the entire barrel in turn or from both together. For the operation of automation, Abel Revelli used the recoil of the shutter, the rollback of which was slowed down by the friction of specially provided shutter protrusions in the grooves of the receiver (Revelli grooves).

The production of a new type of weaponry was quickly launched at the factories of Vilar-Perosa and Fiat, and already at the end of 1916 they were equipped with most infantrymen and airship crews. However, it soon became clear that the submachine gun designed by Abel Revelli was complex, massive, it had an exorbitant consumption of ammunition, and the accuracy of firing was extremely unsatisfactory. As a result, the Italians were forced to stop producing double-barreled automatic monsters.

Germany, of course, did not develop much faster than its opponents in time, but it was ahead of them in terms of quality. Patented by the designer Hugo Schmeisser in December 1917, the MP-18 pistol was a rather elaborate design, which was later copied in many European countries. The main automation device was similar to the Italian one, but without suspension of the shutter rollback by friction, which made it possible to simplify the mechanism of the weapon. Outwardly, the MP-18 resembled a shortened carbine, with a barrel covered with a metal casing. The receiver was placed in a familiar wooden stock with a traditional forearm and an example. The drum magazine, borrowed from the 1917 Parabellum pistol, held 32 rounds. The trigger mechanism provided firing only in mechanical mode, therefore the MP-18 turned out to be extremely careless. Until the end of hostilities, the Bergman factory produced 17 thousand units of submachine guns, a huge part of which, however, did not manage to get into the army.

In our state, the first submachine gun, or, as it was also called, “a light carbine”, was made in 1927 directly under the cartridge of the then widespread “revolver” pistol by the famous gunsmith Fedor Vasilyevich Tokarev. However, tests showed the unsuitability of such low-power ammunition.

In 1929, Vasily Alexandrovich Degtyarev made a similar weapon. In fact, it was a slightly reduced sample of his own DP light machine gun - the ammunition was placed in a new disk magazine with a capacity of 44 rounds, which was mounted on the receiver, the breech was locked with a bolt with sliding working combat larvae. The model of the designer Vasily Degtyarev was rejected, indicating in the comments to decision on the big weight and an excessively high rate of fire. BEFORE 1932, the designer completed work on a different, completely different submachine gun, which 3 years later was adopted for arming the command staff of the Red Army.

In 1940, our army had at its disposal submachine guns of the Degtyarev system (PPD). How effective this weapon was, the Soviet-Finnish war showed. Later, Boris Gavrilovich Shpitalny and Georgy Semenovich Shpagin took up the development of new models. As a result of field tests of experimental examples, it turned out that “the submachine gun of Boris Shpitalny needs to be finalized,” and the submachine gun of Georgy Shpagin was recommended as the main weapon for arming the Red Army instead of the PPD.

Taking PPD as a basis, Georgy Shpagin conceived a weapon that was as primitive as possible in terms of technical indicators, which was achieved in the final version. In the experimental version, after a few months there were 87 parts, despite the fact that there were 95 of them in the PPD.

The submachine gun created by Georgy Shpagin worked according to the thesis of a free shutter, in front of which there was an annular piston that covered the back of the barrel. The primer of the cartridge, which was fed into the store, was hit by a pry attached to the bolt. The trigger mechanism is designed for firing single shots and bursts, but without volley restrictions. To increase accuracy, Georgy Shpagin cut off the front end of the barrel casing - when firing, the powder gases, hitting it, partly extinguished the recoil force, which was burdensome to throw the weapon back and up. In December 1940, the PPSh was adopted by the Red Army.

TTX PPSh-41

  • Length: 843 mm.
  • Magazine capacity: 35 rounds in a sector magazine or 71 rounds in a drum magazine.
  • Caliber: 7.62x25mm TT.
  • Weight: 5.45 kg with drum; 4.3 kg with horn; 3.63 kg without magazine.
  • Effective range: approximately 200 meters in bursts, up to 300 meters in single shots.
  • Rate of fire: 900 rounds per minute.

Advantages:

  • High reliability, shoots regardless of conditions, even in hard frost. The striker in a very severe frost reliably breaks the primer, and the wooden butt does not allow the hands to “freeze”.
  • The firing range is about twice as long as that of the main competitor MP 38/40.
  • The high rate of fire created a high density of fire.

Disadvantages:

  • Somewhat bulky and heavy. With a drum-type magazine, it is very inconvenient to carry it behind your back.
  • Long loading of a drum-type store, as a rule, stores were loaded before the battle. "Afraid" of small dust particles much more than a rifle; covered with a thick layer of fine dust, began to misfire.
  • Possibility of making an accidental shot when falling from a height onto a hard surface.
  • A high rate of fire with a lack of ammunition turned into a disadvantage.
  • The bottle-shaped cartridge quite often warped at the time of filing from the magazine into the chamber.

But even with these seemingly significant shortcomings, in terms of accuracy, range and reliability, the PPSh was many times superior to all types of submachine guns of the American, German, Austrian, Italian and English production available at that time.

During the war, weapons were repeatedly improved. The first PPSh was equipped with a special sector sight, designed for aimed shooting up to 500 meters, but as practice has shown, the use of weapons was effective only at a distance of up to 200 meters. With this in mind, the sector sight was completely replaced by an easy-to-manufacture, as well as sighting, L-shaped revolving sight for firing at 100 meters and over 100 meters. The experience of military operations has confirmed that such a sight does not reduce the main qualities of the weapon. In addition to making changes to the sight, a number of minor changes were made.

PPSh was the most common automatic weapon of the infantry of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. They were armed with tankers, artillerymen, paratroopers, scouts, sappers, signalmen. It was widely used by partisans in the territory occupied by the Nazis.

PPSh was widely used not only in the Red Army, but also in the German one too. Most often, they armed the SS troops. The Wehrmacht army was armed with both a massive 7.62 mm PPSh and a Parabellum converted to a 9x19 mm cartridge. Moreover, the modification to reverse direction was also allowed, it was only necessary to change the magazine adapter and the barrel.

Many have probably heard such an expression as "weapons of victory." It is important in the history of the Soviet people. This expression united all types of weapons that helped our country in the victory over the Nazis, and also became real symbols of the Russian soldier. This also includes the T-34 tank, anti-tank rifle, the legendary installation salvo fire"Katyusha" and, of course, the Shpagin submachine gun, aka "PPSh 41" - an automatic machine, the device, drawing and description of which are given in this text.

Story

From the experience of the war in 1939-1940 between the USSR and Finland and the Degtyarev submachine gun then in service, a certain fact became clear. It consisted in the fact that the Red Army had to be equipped with automatic models and, accordingly, their mass production should be organized. "PPD-40" and "PPD-38" (Degtyarev submachine guns) were not suitable for such purposes, as they were labor-intensive, and a considerable amount of machine equipment was required for their production. They also had a shortage of materials and high cost. To replace the PPD, it was necessary to develop a new, as cheap and simple submachine gun as possible. This question was important.

In 1940, a competition was announced for the invention of a new submachine gun. The trials identified two major contenders. They turned out to be B. G. Shpitalny and G. S. Shpagin. Their models were quite promising. Shpagin won. Its version was adopted on December 21, 1940. Its full name was: “Shpagin submachine gun 7.62 mm arr. 1941 (automatic machine "PPSh 41")". This is a true fact.

The PPSh 41, an automatic machine, the device, the drawing and description of which is given in the text below, entered mass production in the autumn of 1941. Namely, in the most climactic war period, when the Red Army badly needed such weapons. Due to the fact that such a device as the PPSh machine had simple design, alloyed steel and complex special tools were not used, its release was deployed at many enterprises in the country that had not previously specialized in weapons production.

The bulk of the details of such weapons as the PPSh assault rifle were made using the cold stamping method using electric and spot welding. The most difficult and expensive part was the drum shop. It was borrowed from PPD, which had a lot of complaints during operation. This slightly delayed the release of such weapons as the "PPSh" - an assault rifle, the drawings of which are presented below for review. After the modernization, the drum magazine was replaced with a sector capacity for 35 rounds, and the corresponding sight was replaced with a flip-over one, having a firing range of 100 and 200 m. During the war years, about 5.4 million Shpagin submachine guns were produced. At this weapon automation works due to the return of the free shutter. When firing, the bore was locked by the mass of the free shutter, which was pressed by a spring (reciprocating combat).

The device of the trigger-type mechanism was such that thanks to it it was possible to fire both single shots and automatic bursts. The removable drum-type magazine was designed for 71 cartridges, as in the Degtyarev submachine gun ("PPD"). Guidance devices open type consisted of a sector sight and a front sight. The sliding type fuse is located on the bolt handle. This was an important detail. Also in this case there was a slide-type fire switch.

"PPSh" machine: tactical and technical characteristics

Produced- 1941-1947

Weight- without magazine 3.6 kg., with equipped - 5.3 kg.

Length is 843 mm.

Caliber- 7.62 mm.

Cartridge- 7.62 * 25 TT.

Range maximum - 400m.

rate of fire- 1000 rds / min.

aiming range from 200 to 250m.

Score: drum - 71 rounds, sector - 35.

Drawings of the machine "PPSh 41"

As already mentioned, they are designed Soviet designer G. S. Shpagin. They are shown in the photo below.

Design

It is a "PPSh" automatic firearm hand weapon. It is designed for firing bursts and single shots. Automation works due to the free return of the shutter. This is an important property in this case. In other words, reloading and extraction of the cartridge case occurs after the shot due to the return of the loose bolt. Fire is fired from the rear sear, that is, before the shot, the shutter is located in the rear extreme position. Then, after the descent, he goes forward, after which he sends the cartridge. The capsule is pierced at the end of the last process. During the shot, the shutter is not fixed.

Such a scheme is often used in the development of devices such as submachine guns. For example, Israeli-made Uzi works on a similar principle. With absolute simplicity, such a solution requires the use of a massive type of shutter, which increases the entire mass of the weapon. In addition, weapons that use a similar reloading scheme can fire due to a strong blow, for example, when falling. If, from a blow, the bolt from the front extreme (non-fixed) position along the guides rolls back further than the cartridge supply window from the magazine or from the rear extreme, then it will break off the stopper.

As in Degtyarev’s weapons, a device such as the PPSh assault rifle has: a receiver that is merged with the barrel casing, a free massive shutter, on the loading handle of which there is a fuse, and a disk magazine. He also has a wooden stock. But with all this, the "PPSh" machine is more technologically advanced. In this model, only the barrel needs mechanical precision processing, and the shutter was made on a lathe with further rough milling. In weapons such as "PPSh" (automatic), the production of almost all other metal parts can be done by stamping. Here, the barrel casing has a recoil compensator at its front end. That is, in this case there is a beveled plate with a hole for the passage of a bullet. From it on the sides in the casing there are through windows. They, due to the reactive action of powder gases when fired, significantly reduce the effect of recoil and "bullying" up the barrel. There are only 2 positions in the sight of this model. Namely - 200 and 100 m. Since 1942, "PPSh" was equipped not with a disk magazine, but with a sector (box) magazine for 35 rounds.

This was dictated by certain conditions. Namely, the fact that disk-type stores were complex in production, less reliable. They also demanded a fitting machine for a specific instance. That is, this part from another of the same "PPSh" could not be suitable. Judging by military photographs, box-type magazines have only been found in the army since 1944. Next, we will consider the device of the “PPSh” machine gun in more detail.

Trunk

Inside this part there is a channel with four grooves. They curl up from left to right. There is also a chamber with a bullet entry. It has a certain bevel at the bottom. This is to set the direction of movement of the cartridge into the chamber.

This barrel outside contains:

  • The front is rounded. This is to protect against nicks.
  • Thickened part. For placement in the receiver box.
  • Semicircular notch on the thickened part. This is so that the barrel is attached to the appropriate box.
  • Circular protrusion. In order to limit the process of moving the trunk when returning to its place. This also reduces the perception of shutter strikes.

receiver box

This element is the base. It contains the following details:

Namushnik with a fly.

Receiver box latch.

Swivel.

At the receiver, the front part serves as a casing, and the back part serves as a cover for the bolt box.

In general, the receiver box consists of:

The bases of the front sight for attaching the front sight to it.

Swivels for attaching a shoulder strap.

Sight pads.

Liners for guiding the barrel.

Front inclined plane of the casing. It is a muzzle brake.

Longitudinal cutouts on the casing. This is to improve and facilitate air circulation.

Windows in the area of ​​the muzzle brake to ensure the release of powder gases.

Transverse hole for connecting axle.

Windows for ejection of shells.

Latch spring stop.

Lower ledge. This is to limit the lowering of the rear area of ​​the receiver.

Fuse cutouts.

Two side ledges (in order to limit the movement of the latch).

Cutout for bolt handle.

Receiver box latch

This element consists of the following parts:

cap.

Springs.

Hairpins.

The cap has: a hook with an inclined plane; the protrusion is upper semicircular; 2 side holes for a hairpin to pass through; bends, thanks to which its movement is directed and its movement forward is limited; notch on the back for easy opening.

The latch spring is a peculiar detail. It performs a certain function. In this case, it is a short cylindrical coil spring.

Shutter box

This item has:

Peculiar lugs for connection with the receiver.

Shop cutout with window.

A vertical groove for the magazine latch.

Clip for connection with the trigger box and the front of the box.

Window for disconnector.

Hole for magazine latch axis.

A window for the sear of the trigger type lever.

An oval hole for a ledge located at the rear of the trigger box.

Window (in order to hook the latch of the receiver).

Tail with a hole for the corresponding screw.

Window for guide rod.

You should also know that a reflector is attached inside the bolt box in its front part. It has a certain rigidity.

Gate

The following parts are located on this assembled element:

Wedge striker.

Spring ejector.

Lever.

Fuse with spring and socket.

The shutter itself contains the following details:

A cup for placing the cap of the sleeve.

The groove is vertical for the ejector.

Combat platoon for contact with the sear.

The groove is longitudinal for the ejector spring.

Side notches. They facilitate the movement of the shutter, the collection of dirt and excess lubricant.

A transverse rear cut to prevent the receiver latch from hitting the cap.

Channel with a rod for a reciprocating-type spring.

Cartridge dispenser.

Groove for the passage of the reflector.

The channel is deaf in the cup for the drummer.

The groove is transverse with a socket and a recess on the handle for placing a fuse with a spring and a socket.

The channel is transverse for the wedge of the striker.

The composition of the return mechanism

This includes:

  • Guide rod with matching washer.
  • Reciprocating mainspring.
  • shock absorber.

Composition of the firing mechanism

In this case, you need:

  • Drummer with a wedge.
  • Reciprocating mainspring.
  • Trigger lever with axle.
  • Fire translator.
  • Springs of the above lever.
  • Trigger.
  • Translator's yoke with matching hairpin.
  • Trigger springs.
  • Disconnector with axle.
  • Yoke of the specified hook.
  • Disconnector bases.
  • Clamp springs.
  • Launch box.

Description of the cartridge feed mechanism

Everything is pretty simple here. The supply of cartridges to the chamber is provided by a rammer located in the shutter and a magazine, which is borrowed from PPD.

Next - a mechanism that locks the stem channel. In this case, too, there is nothing complicated. The locking of the barrel channel of such weapons as the PPSh assault rifle is carried out due to the bolt mass and the pressing force of the reciprocating combat type spring.

The composition of the mechanism for removing spent cartridges

This includes having:

  • ejector.
  • reflector.
  • Ejector springs.

Safety devices

This includes certain items. Namely:

  • Fuse.
  • Gnetok.
  • Safety spring.