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Magnolia is white underneath. Magnolia obovate. The most common places of germination are

The first flowers of the bottom-white magnolia (Magnolia hypoleuca) were noted by employees of the Kurilsky Nature Reserve on the Stolbovskaya ecological trail, RIA SakhalinMedia reports with reference to the reserve’s website. Kunashir Island in the Sakhalin region is the only place in Russia where this amazing and rare representative magnolia family.

Experiments on introducing magnolia into culture were first carried out in Russia in the mid-19th century. Now artificial plantings of this subtropical species can be found on Black Sea coast, in Crimea and Azerbaijan. On Far East more than 15 specimens of magnolia below-white can be seen in the botanical garden of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Vladivostok.

The first bottom-white magnolia flowers on the Stolbovskaya ecological trail.

Magnolia below-white is listed in the Red Book of Russia, where it has the status: “Endangered Species.” Magnolia, white below, is protected in the Kurilsky Nature Reserve.

In Kunashir, as in the botanical gardens of megacities, a tradition is emerging of organizing excursions to observe the flowering of certain plant species. For such purposes, on the Sea of ​​Okhotsk coast, not far from Yuzhno-Kurilsk, since 2001, under the auspices of the reserve, ecological trail"Stolbovskaya". One of the brightest events that takes place here in early July is the flowering of magnolia. Despite large size flowers (up to 20 cm in diameter) that are white in color, it is very difficult to notice this plant in the forest. The flowers of most of the trees along the trail are located at the height of a four-story building. The earliest start of magnolia flowering, according to long-term data, was noted on the trail on June 26. On average, the flowering period falls within the period from July 2 to July 24. The latest end of flowering was recorded here on August 5th.



Locals taking pictures with magnolia.

Severe weather conditions in the process of evolution could not stop the advancement of this subtropical tree north. Thus, a common and numerous plant of the Japanese island of Hokkaido has successfully settled in the fir forest. deciduous forests mainly on slopes west coast Kunashir. Being the most winter-hardy representative of its family, magnolia still encountered certain difficulties on the island and was unable to increase its population for several reasons. One of them is increased sensitivity young plants to mechanical damage. Thus, frequent gusty winds, breaking the growth and damaging the crown of mature trees, do not allow young plants to rise from under the canopy of the dark coniferous forest. Those who managed to recapture living space plants will be able to bear fruit only after 15 years.



Magnolia buds.

Mature plants ready for reproduction face a new problem - weather unfavorable for flowering. On average, during the flowering period of magnolia (July) in Kunashir there are 23 days of drizzling rain and fog. Obviously, such weather reduces the activity of pollinating insects and reduces the likelihood of plant fertilization. An important factor that reduces the productivity of magnolia is anthropogenic interference. By picking flowers and breaking magnolia shoots, a person leaves no chance for these rare exotic plants to survive and leave offspring.

Department: angiosperms (Magnoliophyta).

Class: dicotyledons (Dicotyledones).

Order: Magnoliaceae (Magnoliales).

Family: Magnoliaceae (Magnoliaceae).

Genus: magnolia (Magnolia).

View: cylindrical magnolia (M. cylindrica).

The genus Magnolia is named after the French botanist Pierre Magnol. In this article we will talk about the biology of the development of the magnolia tree, the importance and use of magnolia on the farm, and we will bring to your attention several interesting facts about this plant, we will tell you where magnolia grows and, of course, we will show photos of magnolia flowers, amazing in their beauty.

Where does magnolia cylindrical grow?

The natural habitat of Cylindrical magnolia is limited to the lower reaches of the Yangtse River (China). It is also bred in many botanical gardens in Asia, Europe and America.

The species prefers forest edges and bushes at altitudes up to 1700 m above sea level.

Magnolia cylindrical - slender deciduous tree up to 9 m high. Crown width - up to 4.5 m. Leaves are simple, petiolate, obovate, up to 15 cm in length. They have a dark green glossy upper side and a short pubescent underside.

Magnolia tree flowers and their photos

Magnolia flowers are bisexual, regular, up to 8 cm in diameter. The seeds are orange, disc-shaped, up to 1 cm in diameter and up to 7 cm in length.

As you can see in the photo, the magnolia tree is literally strewn with delicate pink and white flowers during flowering. The tepals are snow-white with a blurred pink spot at the base. The flowers ripen into fruits, which are oblong pink multi-leafed leaves.

Magnolia cylindrical reproduces by seeds and vegetatively - by layering, cuttings of shoots. Magnolia flowers bloom in April and decorate the plant for about two months. They are pollinated by insects, usually beetles. The fruits ripen in September - October. When they open, the seeds hang outward on thin stalks, and birds peck them and spread them.

Applications of magnolia

Magnolia was cultivated back in Ancient China. Today it is used in landscaping tropical and subtropical zones. Most often these are large-flowered magnolias (M. grandiflora), star magnolias (M. stellata), Kobusi (M. kobus), lily flowers (M. liliiflora) and Soulangeana (M. soulangeana).

The magnolia flower has retained many primitive features: it is radially symmetrical, its parts are located on the receptacle in a spiral and do not grow together, and the number of petals, stamens and pistils is not constant.

The wood of the plant is easy to process and resistant to decay; it has a beautiful texture, which makes magnolia widely used in the manufacture of various household utensils. In Japan and China, magnolia is traditionally used to make knife handles, dishes, furniture and boxes. Leaves containing alkaloids, glycosides and essential oil are used medicinally in the treatment of hypertension, diseases of the digestive and nervous systems.

Magnolia is poisonous, so it is better not to use its huge flowers for making bouquets.

Pierre Magnol (1638-1715), after whom the magnolia was named, was a French botanist who made major contributions to plant taxonomy. He proposed a set of characteristics by which they began to be classified into different botanical families.

Based on fossil evidence, magnolia dates back at least 90 million years. She grew all over Northern Hemisphere until the last ice age, dividing a wide range into Asian and North American parts.

According to Japanese legend, one day a girl named Keiko made beautiful flowers out of sheets of white paper. To breathe life into the origami, she gave each of them a drop of blood. This is why magnolia petals are pale pink.

Magnolia seeds have a juicy, bright shell - sarcotesta, which makes them appetizing to birds.

The magnolia fruit resembles a cone. It consists of individual leaflets, each of which contains one or two seeds.

Why is it listed in the Red Book? Cylindrical magnolia is harmed by deforestation in the places where it grows, as well as by poaching of flower buds for medicinal raw materials. Today the plant has protection category VU.

Other representatives of the genus listed in the Red Book of the World: Chinese magnolia (M. sinensis), Mahecha (M. mahechae), Omeien (M. omeiensis), Wolf (M. wolfii), Cespedes (M. cespedesii), Espinal (M. espinalii), Guatapen (M. guatapensis), Yarumalenskaya (M. yarumalensis) and Zena (M. zenii) belong to the conservation category CR. In addition, 24 representatives of the genus are assigned to the EN protection category, 14 to the VU category, and 6 to the LC category. Two more species - Griffith's magnolia (M. griffithii) and Henry's magnolia (M. henryi) - are assigned category DD.

Magnoliaceae family - Magnoliaceae

Magnolia hypoleuca Siebold et Zucc. ( Magnolia obovata Thunb.)
Category and status: 1 - endangered species. In Russia - the northern border of the range.
Brief description. Deciduous tree up to 15 m high, with large leathery leaves and large pinkish flowers. It blooms in June-July, bears fruit in September-October. Pollination is most often carried out by beetles. It reproduces by seeds, the spread of which is apparently facilitated by nutcrackers, white-backed and black woodpeckers, and nuthatches are classified as seed pests (1). Self-seeding is very weak.
Spreading. In Russia it is found only in the Sakhalin region. on o. Kunashir near the Sea of ​​Okhotsk coast in the vicinity. village Apekhino. Single individuals were also recorded near Cape Stolbchaty, on the northwestern shore of Lake. Serebryanoe and at the mouth of the river. Filler (2). Outside Russia, it is common in China and Japan.
Features of ecology and phytocenology. It grows in coniferous-deciduous and broad-leaved forests, singly or in small groups, often in bamboo thickets.
Number. Approximate number - up to 500 copies.
State of local populations. In unfavorable weather (drizzle, fog), most flowers are not fertilized. Although magnolia blooms in Kunashir every year, individual years Single fruits are set or there is no fruiting at all. Very weak fruiting (when single fruits were observed on individual trees) was observed in 1999 and 2001, weak (from 1 to 7 fruits) - in 2002, and average (from 7 to 11 fruits) - in 1998 and 2003. (2). As a result, seed regeneration of the species is weak.
Limiting factors. Low population numbers. The regeneration of the species is apparently not facilitated by the bamboo cover. Ornamental plant.
Security measures taken. It was included in the Red Books of the USSR (1978,1984) and the RSFSR (1988). The species is included in the Red Book of the Sakhalin Region. (2005). Protected in the Alyohinsky and Tyatinsky forest districts of the Kurilsky Nature Reserve on the island. Kunashir (3).
Necessary security measures. Monitoring the state of populations.
Cultivation possibilities. Known in culture since 1865 (4). Grown in 10 botanical gardens in Russia (5). It deserves a wider introduction into the culture.
Sources of information. 1. Nechaev, Nechaev, 1965; 2. Data from N.A. Eremenko; 3. Barkalov, Eremenko, 2003; 4. Rodionenko, 1954; 5. Plants of the Red Book..., 2005. Compiled by: V.Yu. Barkalov, N.A. Eremenko.

Magnolia obovate is a species of flowering plant, namely a deciduous tree that forms large pure stands. Most often found in mountainous areas, particularly in broad-leaved or mixed forests, mostly solitary, rarely forms small groups. May be adjacent to:

  • all types of maple;
  • Japanese beech;
  • curly oak;
  • heartleaf hornbeam;
  • any variety of birch.

The most common places of germination are:

  • Black Sea coast of the Caucasus;
  • southern coast of Crimea;
  • central and western part of Ukraine;
  • Japan;
  • Kuril Islands;
  • Azerbaijan;
  • Vladivostok, Voronezh and Moscow region.

Botanical description

Magnolia obovate is a tree that can reach 30 meters in height, and the trunk diameter is often 60-70 centimeters. It is characterized by rapid growth, as well as a wide pyramidal and loose crown.

Also among the features worth highlighting:

  • buds – length up to 9 centimeters, and no more than 1 centimeter in diameter. They have a light green tint and turn yellowish in autumn;
  • leaves - grow at the tips of the shoots and often accumulate in groups of no more than a dozen. Parameters - length - up to 40 centimeters, and width approximately 20 centimeters. The leaf blade is rounded in shape, but suddenly tapers towards an end with a blunt tip. The surface is green and bare above, and yellowish-blue with veins below, less often bare;
  • petioles - no more than 40 millimeters in length;
  • flowers - often they are white or creamy white, often complemented by a yellowish-green tint. Cup-shaped and unique aroma. Their diameter can vary from 13 to 18 centimeters;
  • perianth - includes an average of 12 segments. The outer ones are red or pinkish in color with blunted ends, and the inner ones are obovate, tapering towards the base, with a width of up to 4 centimeters and a length of up to 8 centimeters;
  • stamens – length no more than 20 millimeters;
  • gynoecium - diameter and length are the same and amount to 3 centimeters.

The flowering period begins only after the leaves emerge, often in early or mid-summer.

Magnolia obovate has fruits - these are red prefabricated leaflets, resembling an ellipse in appearance, with a length of up to 18 centimeters and a width of 60 millimeters. The seeds are egg-shaped and have a fleshy skin - their size is less than a centimeter. Fruiting occurs in September or October.

People who vacationed in the Crimea or the Caucasus have probably seen magnolia more than once and, most likely, even its various species - evergreen and deciduous, with white, pink, lilac flowers. These magnolias, of course, are beautiful, but they were bred artificially by man (or, as they say, introduced). The collection of magnolias in the Batumi Botanical Garden is especially large. Individual magnolia trees grow in many of our cities, including in Ukraine, Kaliningrad region and other areas with mild winters.

We are interested in the only species of naturally growing magnolia in our country - magnolia obovate, the range of which is limited to several locations in the vicinity of the village of Alyokhino on the island of Kunashir (southern Kuril Islands). Outside our country, this species is found in Japan and China. Magnolia grows in deciduous forests, on rich, well-moistened soils, usually in the mountains, rising to 1700-2000 m above sea level. Our single population of Magnolia obovate is very small in size.

Once on Kunashir Island, the first thing we did was clarify how we could get to Alekhine. On the way to Alyokhino, we accidentally met the Moscow zoologist A. M. Danilevsky, who, as it turned out, had been living in this village for about a month, researching endemic species of insects found only in this place. He knew the area well and promised to show us a blooming magnolia. It must be said that if young magnolia trees (undergrowth) can be found here and there in the south of the island without much difficulty, then finding a flowering specimen is a great success.

Having settled in place, we immediately asked A. M. Danilevsky to take us to the magnolia. To do this, it was necessary to walk two kilometers and climb a hill covered with deciduous forest. Although the distance we had to cover was small, the lack of roads and the dense undergrowth intertwined with vines made movement very difficult. First we came across several young magnolias, thin, with large leaves and, of course, not yet blooming. We moved steadily upward. Finally, we were at the top of the hill, then we went down a little to the opposite slope and saw a powerful straight-trunked tree (over 15 m tall), illuminated by the setting sun, with a well-developed crown, in the depths of which white matte lights flickered. These lights turned out to be creamy-white magnolia flowers, unusually large (up to 15 cm in diameter) and fragrant.

Magnolia obovate has a powerful straight trunk up to 0.5 m in diameter, with gray fissured bark. Young shoots are pubescent. Overwintering buds are smooth. The leaves are very large, up to 40 cm long and 25 cm wide, obovate, smooth above, bluish below, pubescent, petioles up to 5 cm long. It blooms at the same time as the leaves bloom. The flowers are erect. Petals - 6-9, creamy-white, slightly fleshy, up to 11 cm long; There are only 3 sepals, similar to petals, but smaller (up to 8 cm in length). Stamens are numerous. The fruit is complex, resembling a cylindrical cone up to 18 cm long and 5 cm wide (consists of numerous single-seeded leaflets sitting on an elongated cone-shaped bed).

Magnolia blooms in May - June, bears fruit in August - September. This is an ancient relict species. Previously, magnolias were distributed much more widely, far to the north, but due to the colder weather they sharply retreated to the south. Magnolia obovate is of great scientific and economic interest as a valuable tree for urban landscaping. They began to introduce it into culture in the middle of the 19th century, but, of course, only in areas with warm climate. It grows in many populated areas Ukraine and the Caucasus.