A subtropical tree unique for Russia has blossomed in Kunashir. magnolia tree magnolia bottom white

belongs to the family of plants called magnoliaceae, Latin the name of this plant will sound in the following way: Magnolia obovata Thunb. As for the name of the obovate magnolia family itself, in Latin it will be like this: Magnoliaceae Juss.

Description of magnolia obovate

Magnolia obovate is a tree whose height will be about six to eight meters, and the diameter will fluctuate between fifteen and forty centimeters. It is noteworthy that in Japan the height of this plant will be thirty meters, and the diameter will be approximately sixty to seventy centimeters. The bark of the trunk of this plant will be painted in gray tones, it is endowed with rather short longitudinal cracks. Young shoots of magnolia obovate are pubescent, while adult shoots will be either naked or pubescent along the veins. The length of the leaf petioles of this plant is about two to five centimeters. Magnolia obovate flowers are quite large in size, they are endowed with a strong smell and are painted in creamy white tones. The stamens of this plant are numerous, they are collected in a rather large cone, the length of which will not exceed thirteen centimeters, and the diameter will be approximately four and a half centimeters. Magnolia obovate seeds will be compressed and ovoid, and their length is one centimeter. The flowering of this plant begins in early July, while the seeds will ripen already in the period from the end of August to the beginning of September.
AT natural conditions this plant is found on the territory of the Kuril Islands Far East. As for the general distribution, this plant can be found in Japan, on Black Sea coast Caucasian magnolia obovate grown in culture open ground. It should be noted that this plant was listed in the Red Book of the USSR. The plant will grow singly or in small groups in mixed forests.

Description of the medicinal properties of magnolia obovate

Magnolia obovate is endowed with very valuable healing properties, while for therapeutic purposes it is recommended to use the roots, buds, trunk bark, fruits and flowers of this plant.
The presence of such valuable healing properties should be explained by the content of alkaloids in the composition of magnolia obovate roots, rutin is present in the trunks, and alkaloids, phenols and biphenyls are found in the trunk bark.
As for Chinese and Japanese medicine, the bark of the trunks and fruits of this plant, which are used as an astringent, analgesic, diuretic and anthelmintic, are widely used here. Magnolia obovate flowers and buds are used in powder form as an analgesic and antipyretic for headaches, bad smell mouth and rhinitis. A decoction prepared from the roots of this plant is effective as an expectorant, while a decoction of magnolia obovate bark is used to treat ulcers. A decoction of the bark and fruits of magnolia obovate is used for pain in the stomach, and also improves appetite. In addition, decoctions prepared on the basis of these elements of this plant are used as a fairly effective means, which will help to tone the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
For headaches, take two teaspoons of dried flowers of this plant for one glass of boiling water, insist for an hour and carefully filter. Take this remedy two or three times a day, one third of a glass.

Magnolia obovate (Magnolia obovata = Magnolia hypoleuca) is known in Japan as Magnolia white .

Discovered and first described in 1794. High deciduous tree with a pyramidal or spreading crown, reaching 30 m in nature, and in culture 15 m in height and 15 m in crown width. The bark of the trunk is smooth light gray. The bark of young shoots is brown-chestnut, smooth, with a bluish bloom and large lenticels. Later, the shoots become thick, brittle, purple-silver with characteristically protruding leaf marks. The buds are large, mixed, purple-green, naked, located at the ends of the shoots, vegetative up to 4 cm long, generative up to 8 cm long.

The leaves are very large, obovate (40-60 x 20 cm), broadly wedge-shaped at the base and sharply obtusely pointed at the top, green above, light, bluish-gray below. First, blooming - densely pubescent, then almost naked with noticeably protruding veins. The leaves are usually collected at the ends of the shoots in 8-10 pieces. Petioles 2-4 cm long.

Blooms from mid-May to June after the leaves appear. Large cup-shaped flowers appear above the whorl of leaves, up to 20 cm d, creamy-white in color with a strong, spicy aroma. Sepals three, petals 9-12, 3 outer - greenish, sometimes with a pinkish tinge at the base. The inner 9 petals are creamy white, obovate, 8-12 cm long. Numerous filaments are purple-red, anthers are creamy yellow.

It blooms not profusely, but steadily up to 25 days, sometimes in dry and hot summers - again, in August, from the buds of the current year. Bright red to purple-scarlet with beak-shaped outgrowths, the fruits of the multileaf reach 20 cm in length. The seeds are black, striated, 1.2-1.3 cm, covered with a red-purple fleshy seed coat (sarcotesta).

Homeland - Japan. There is a small population on about. Kunashir (Kuril Islands). The only type of magnolia found in the wild in Russia. It is the easternmost of the Asian magnolias. In Russia, it naturally grows only in the Sakhalin region on the island of Kunashir. Here it is found in the region of Mendeleev and Tretyakov volcanoes, and on the territory of the Kuril state reserve found only in the Alekhinskoye forestry in the area of ​​Lake Goryachego and the vicinity of the village of Alekhin.

In the south of Kunashir magnolia obovate grows in deciduous forests. Its locations are more often confined to the middle part of the slopes of the southern exposure. Occurs in the undergrowth of scalloped oak forests (Petukhova, 1991). These habitats are the northeastern border of the range, which through the island of Hokkaido goes to Japan to the islands of Ryukyu, Honshu, Shikoku, rising to a height of up to 1700m. On the mainland, obovate magnolia is found in central regions China. Its reserves in the natural flora of Russia are small. Listed in the Red Book.

It has been cultivated since 1865. More than 15 specimens of obovate magnolia are cultivated at the BS Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. At the age of 13, the plants have a height of 2.8 m. At the age of 14, they reach a height of 4.5 m. Magnolia obovate is the ancestor of the introduction of magnolias to southern Primorye. The introduction of this species from the Kuril Islands to Primorye was first carried out by T.V. Samoilov, but there are no publications about this. We know that out of two specimens planted by her in the arboretum of the Gorno-Taiga Station of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, one entered the fruiting season at the age of over 30 years and bears fruit very irregularly. Typically, magnolia obovate plants begin to bear fruit at the age of about 15 years.

In October 1970, with Fr. Kunashir was brought 1 copy of this species at the age of 5 years and planted in a permanent place in the botanical garden on the outskirts of Vladivostok. However, two years later it was broken and died. It should be noted that obovate magnolia does not tolerate mechanical damage to the base of the trunk, it rarely recovers from stump growth and usually dies. True, in our practice there was a case when a dried obovate magnolia tree found a living bud at the base of the trunk two years after the death of the plant and began to grow.

Another attempt was made to introduce this species from the Kuril Islands. In 1984, an employee of the botanical garden V.G. Ermolaev brought 3 specimens of obovate magnolia from about. Kunashir (Valentin key, near Tretyakovo). Of the 3 plants, only one is currently preserved, which grows very slowly, has winter damage, which confirms our conclusions about the inadvisability of introducing from the Kuril Islands to Primorsky Krai with a pronounced monsoon climate(Petukhova, 1981). In 1988, the seeds of the Kyiv reproduction were sown. In Kyiv, M. obovata plants were grown from seeds obtained in 1961 from the place of natural growth (Minchenko, 1982). Plants grown from seeds of the Kyiv reproduction are quite successfully cultivated and form the basis of the collection of this species in the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The leaf begins to turn yellow in October, then turns brown and falls off. By the end of October, leaf fall usually ends. In the conditions of southern Primorye, the annual growth fully matures, it can reach 50 cm, the apical bud is fully formed. In Kyiv, at the age of 17, it reaches 5.5 m, and at 35 - 8 m in height. Flowering in Kyiv - the second half of May, in natural conditions on about. Kunashir flowering begins on July 1. Plants cultivated in the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences bloomed at the age of 14 years. Flowering starts June 18th. Duration - 12-15 days. Successfully grown in Lviv and Chernivtsi. In the CBS RB, Minsk - a tree 8 m high, blooms, bears fruit, gives germinating seeds. 1 tree 3m high is in Brest at the agricultural station Br. State. University. A.S. Pushkin. Doesn't bloom. Not common, deserving greater distribution throughout Ukraine, southwestern and central Belarus.

The absolute weight of seeds collected in nature (Kunashir island) is 124 g - purified from sarcotest and 264 g - in sarcotest. Under the conditions of introduction in Kyiv, the absolute weight of seeds is higher and amounts to 196 g - purified from sarcotesta. Dramatically different and their soil germination. Ground germination of seeds of the Kyiv reproduction is 60 - 80%, and collected on about. Kunashir - no more than 8 - 12% (Petukhova 1991). It grows quickly, tolerates shading, demanding on air and soil moisture, frost-resistant. It blooms late for the first time - 15 years after sowing. With regular watering (this species is extremely moisture-loving), it can be cultivated in protected areas at the latitude of Moscow and even to the north.

The poor specimens of M. obovate available in Moscow cannot serve as evidence of its futility. Most likely, the landing site was chosen incorrectly and care was not provided. When protected for the winter, it withstands the climate of St. Petersburg. In culture since 1865. In GBS since 1965, 1 sample (1 copy) was grown from seedlings obtained from the Far East. Height up to 0.8 m, trunk diameter 1 cm plant grows from late April to mid-October. The growth rate is average. Doesn't bloom. Winter hardiness is below average.

Magnolia obovate very decorative with a slender crown, especially in spring period during the deployment of leaves, when its pinkish stipules look like flowers. In autumn, in October, brightly colored fruits are beautiful over an umbrella of large yellowing leaves. The unusually large leaves give the tree an exotic look. Its large buds and spectacular very fragrant flowers up to 20 cm in diameter are beautiful. An extremely spectacular tree, decorative at any time of the year. Huge leaves give it a completely "tropical" look. It has no analogues in our latitudes. One hybrid known M. obovate and – M. ×watson .

In Japan it is used as a medicinal plant. The bark is used for the manufacture of medicines, there are a lot of alkaloids in all organs: in the bark and annual shoots - 0.8%, in the leaves - 1.2%, in the roots - 3%. Because if the bark is damaged, the magnolia dies, then the collection of the bark occurs in forestry during wood harvesting.

Magnolia obovate (Magnolia obovata)
Height in nature (culture), m		30 (15)
Crown volume (mm) / height (m)		7 x 8 / 8
Trunk diameter (cm) / age (years)		30-35 / 35
Frost resistance, ° С		- 30
Flowering phases	Beginning of flowering	19.05 / 30.05 ± 12
	Duration	25
Bloom intensity	biological	2-3
	decorative	1
Vegetation phases	Start	17.04 ± 15
	Duration	192 ± 16
	leaf dissolution	29.04 ± 15
	Growth Completion
Fall phases	autumn coloring	okr. yellow-brown
	Beginning of leaf color	01.10 ± 12
	leaf fall	18.10 ± 7 - 25.10 ± 6
Fruiting	Maturation	2d. 09
	Abundance	2-3

Magnolia obovate (Magnolia obovata)- deciduous tree 6-10 (up to 15) m tall, with a wide pyramidal sparse crown. The leaves are entire, petiolate, obovate, green above, bluish below, pubescent, up to 40 cm long and 20 cm wide, collected in bunches of 8-10 pieces at the ends of the shoots. The flowers are goblet, creamy white, erect, located one at a time at the tops of the shoots. Calyx with 3 sepals, up to 8 cm long, 4 cm wide. Petals 6-9, obovate, up to 11 cm long, 4.5 cm wide. Stamens numerous, carmine red, up to 18 mm long. Numerous fruitlets make up a large combined leaflet up to 12-15 cm long. Seeds are ovoid, black, up to 10 mm long, in a fleshy seed coat (sarcotest) of red color. Initially, two seeds are formed, from which only one develops. The weight of 1000 seeds from the Kuriles was 124 g, from those introduced in Kyiv - 196 g.

In Kunashir, the beginning of the vegetation of magnolia obovate was noted in late May-mid-June, flowering - from July 1, seed ripening - in middle to end October. According to other data, the maturation of seeds is attributed to the end August - beginning September.

Range, ecology and resources.

The magnolia is white below with an East Asian range of continental island type. On the territory of Russia, it naturally grows only on the Sea of ​​Okhotsk coast of Kunashir Island in the area of ​​Mendeleev and Golovnin volcanoes. It occurs singly or in small groups in coniferous-deciduous forests, mainly in the middle part of the southern slopes on fairly moist soils. Outside of Russia, it is found in Japan on the islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and on the mainland - in the central regions of China. Highly rare view, listed in the Red Book of the RSFSR, belongs to endangered plants. With recommendations of this kind medicinal plant it is necessary to listen to advice on the fastest wide introduction of it into culture, including in the south of Primorye, where it was successfully introduced at the Mountain Taiga Station and in the Botanical Garden-Institute.

Magnolia seeds with small germ and powerful endosperm. They are characterized by a complex deep morphophysiological type of endogenous dormancy. For germination, magnolia obovate seeds require stratification. When kept for 3-4 months at a temperature of 4-6°C in a substrate consisting of leafy soil, peat and sand in a ratio of 3:1:1, more than 80% of the seeds germinated. When stratified for 180 days and sown in April in flowerpots under the conditions of introduction (Moscow), seedlings appeared in June - after 40-45 days. In Primorye (Vladivostok) in a greenhouse, when unstratified seeds were sown at the end of November, the emergence of seedlings was noted after 110 days. Recommend autumn sowing in the ground with freshly harvested seeds, cleaned of sarcotesta. At the same time, under the conditions of introduction in Kyiv, the germination rate was more than 60%, in Vladivostok - 40%. Sowing was carried out to a depth of 2-3 cm with a small shelter for the winter with leaves and peat. In the south of Primorye (Vladivostok), seedlings appeared in the first half of June. After 10-12 days, the opening of the cotyledons was observed. At the same time, they note good growth seedlings - up to 160 cm in the first 5 years.

Chemical composition.

Magnolia contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, lignans, sesquiterpenoids, higher fatty acids, essential oils, anthocyanins, fatty oils. Chemical composition Magnolia ovoid has been mainly studied by Japanese researchers. Alkaloids are present in most magnolia organs. Anonain, glaucine, liriodenine, azimylobine, reticulin, magnocurarine, obovanin were identified in the roots and leaves; magnoflorin, magnocurarine, liriodenine, norushinsunin were identified in the trunk bark. Flavonoids, in particular rutin, are found in the stem, leaves, petals, and pollen. Syringin (syringoside), magnolol, honokiol were present in the trunk cortex. Fatty oil (35.3-59.6%) contained seeds. Anthocyanins (peonidin 3,5-diglucoside) were present in the fruits. Sesquiterpenoids eudesobovatal A and B, eudeschinokiol A and B, clovanemagnolol, cariolanemagnolol were found in magnolia ovoid. When analyzing plants from the Kuril Islands, 0.36% essential oil was found in the trunk bark, and 0.75% essential oil in the leaves. Limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, caryophyllene, bornylacetate, methylchavicol were identified in the composition of the essential oil of magnolia leaves. Biphenyls were also found in the leaves, in particular obovatol, obovatal. Choi Taesop indicates the presence of obovate magnolia essential oil (1%), which includes makilol, tetrahydromagnolol and isomagnolol, notes the presence of magnolamine, desmethyldauricin, diphenyl compounds, magnolol, magnocurarine, as well as the toxic component of ho-curare.

Medicinal properties and medical use.

In Korean medicine, the bark of branches is used as a medicinal raw material, less often - roots and fruits. Isolated from Magnolia obovate ho-curare in the experiment had a paralyzing effect when administered both subcutaneously and intramuscularly. The decoction and tincture suppressed dysenteric bacilli, vibrio cholerae, typhoid bacilli, tubercle bacilli and other pathogens under the conditions of the experiment. Tincture 6 times stronger than biomycin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The drugs are used for diseases of the stomach, as well as for bronchitis and bronchial asthma, sometimes in the treatment of paralysis. Together with rhubarb roots and immature poncirus fruits in the form of tea, they are used as a laxative, it is recommended to drink a decoction of magnolia powder, ginger and licorice root for stomach ulcers. In Chinese and Japanese medicine, preparations from the bark, flowers, buds and fruits are used as an analgesic, astringent, gastric, anthelmintic, diuretic, antipyretic and expectorant.

Magnolia obovata Thunb.

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Synonyms: Houpoea obovata (Thunb.) N.H. Xia & C.Y. Wu, Liriodendron liliiflorum Steud., Magnolia hypoleuca Siebold & Zucc. variety concolor Siebold & Zucc., Magnolia honogi P.Parm., Magnolia hypoleuca Siebold & Zucc., Yulania japonica Spach variety obovata (Thunb.) P.Parm., Yulania japonica var. obovata (Thunb.) P.Parm., Houpoea obovata (Thunb.) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu., White-backed magnolia, White-bottomed magnolia, White-flowered magnolia.

(Magnolia obovata Thunb.) - a species of flowering plants from the genus Magnolia (Magnolia) of the family Magnoliaceae (Magnoliaceae). The species was first described in 1794 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Peter Thunberg in the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. The species was introduced into cultivation in 1865.

In nature, it grows mainly in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), where it rises to a height of 600-1800 m above sea level. Also found on about. Hokkaido. The northern point of growth is about. Kunashir (Kuril Islands). Does not form pure stands. It grows in mountain broad-leaved and coniferous-broad-leaved forests singly or in small groups. Neighbors with Fraxinus longicuspis and other species, with Japanese beech (Fagus japonica), curly oak (Quercus crispula), (Carpinus cordata) and species) (Betula).

It is a deciduous tree up to 30 m in height and a trunk diameter of 60-70 cm. In Kyiv, at the age of 17, it reaches 5.5 m in height. Grows fast. The crown is wide-pyramidal, loose. The bark is light gray, smooth, covered with large lenticels. The shoots are first silky-pubescent, later becoming bare, by autumn they acquire a brownish-chestnut color with a bluish wax coating.

Buds 3-9 cm long and 0.7-1 cm in diameter, pubescent, light green in color, with a slight yellowish tinge in autumn. The leaves grow at the ends of the shoots, collected in groups of 8-10 pieces. Leaflets are leathery, prostrate, obovate, 20-40 cm long and 15-20 cm wide. The leaf blade has a rounded base and an apex suddenly narrowed into a short obtuse end, greenish above, glabrous, bluish-yellow below, pubescent along the veins or glabrous. Petioles 2.5-4 cm long. Leaves turn brownish-red in autumn.

The flowers are white or creamy white, with a pale lemon tint towards the end of flowering, fragrant, widely cupped, 13-18 cm in diameter. The perianth consists of 12-13 lobes; outer lobes with blunt ends, pink or reddish; internal - obovate, narrowed towards the base, up to 8 cm in length and 1.8-3.8 cm in width. Stamens numerous, 1.5-2 cm long. The threads are purplish red. Gynoecium up to 3 cm in diameter. Flowering after leafing out, flashing, in June-July.

The fruits are bright red elliptical leaflets 12-18 cm long and 6 cm in diameter, hanging down. Seeds are ovoid, up to 1 cm long, with a fleshy skin. Fruits in September-October.

Hybrids:

• Magnolia sieboldii × Magnolia obovata = Magnolia × wieseneri Carrière

Varieties:

• Magnolia obovata var. denudata
• Magnolia obovata var. liliflora
• Magnolia obovata var. purpurea
• Magnolia obovata var. soulangeana

Frost resistance zone: 6a (-25°С).

Location: the best place to land is sunny place, covered from northern and east winds. Relatively shade-tolerant. Moisture-loving, easily tolerates waterlogging. Demanding on air humidity. Needs watering during dry periods. It is recommended to mulch the trunk circle with peat, peat compost or wood chips 8-12 cm thick.

The soil: prefers acidic or neutral soil.

Landing: soil mixture - leaf humus, peat, sand in a ratio of 3:2:2. At the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to put drainage from crushed stone or coarse sand with a thickness of 15-20 cm. Transplantation should be carried out with caution, since thick and fleshy roots can be damaged very easily. It is recommended to buy plants with a closed root system and plant them on open space spring.

Care: young plants for the winter require shelter with spruce branches or non-woven material, the stems are wrapped with burlap.

Reproduction: propagated by seeds, grafting and cuttings. Seeds after collection must be immediately sown in the ground or stratified in a cool room in the sand. Before sowing, it is recommended to grind the seeds with sand to remove the fleshy shell and rinse in water. Sowing is carried out in March-April in pick boxes, which are placed in a room with a temperature of + 15 + 18 ° C. After the appearance of 3 leaves, the seedlings dive into the beds. At seed propagation blooms for the first time at 15 years old.

Pests: Common spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), transparent mite (Hemitarsonemus latus), field slug (Deroceras agrestis and Limax maximus), flail snail nemoralis (Cepaea nemoralis), grape snail (Helix pomatia), greenhouse striped aphid (Aulacorthum circumflexum or Neomyzus circumflexum) , Peach aphid (Myzus persicae), Rose thrips (Thrips fuscipennis, Haliday), Garden cutworm (Mamestra oleracea), Ivy scale insect (Aspidiotus hederae), Seaside mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus), Eastern May beetle (Melolontha hippocastani), Western May beetle (M. melolontha).

Diseases: Bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringae), Seedling rot (Pythium ultimum, Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani), Powdery mildew (Erysiphe magnifica), Shoot dieback (Botrytis cinerea, Botryospheria sp.), Scab (Elsinoe magnoliae), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Black, or sooty fungus, (Cladosporium sp.)

Application: Very effective in all seasons. It is decorative thanks to huge leaves, beautiful flowers and bright red fruits. It is used in single landings on the lawn, as well as in group plantings to create alleys, in urban gardening.

The Department: angiosperms (Magnoliophyta).

Class: dicotyledons (Dicotyledones).

Order: magnolia flowers (Magnoliales).

Family: magnoliaceae (Magnoliaceae).

Genus: magnolia (Magnolia).

View: magnolia cylindrical (M. cylindrica).

The genus Magnolia is named after the French botanist Pierre Magnol. In this article we will talk about the biology of the development of the magnolia tree, the meaning and use of magnolia in the economy, we will bring to your attention a few interesting facts about this plant, we will tell you where magnolia grows and, of course, we will show photos of magnolia flowers, amazing in their beauty.

Where does magnolia cylindrica grow?

The natural habitat of the cylindrical magnolia is limited to the lower reaches of the Yangtse River (China). It is also bred in many botanical gardens in Asia, Europe and America.

The species prefers the edges of forests and thickets of shrubs at an altitude of up to 1700 m above sea level.

Magnolia cylindrical - a slender deciduous tree up to 9 m high. Crown width - up to 4.5 m. The leaves are simple, petiolate, obovate plate, up to 15 cm in length. They have a dark green glossy upper side and a short pubescent lower side.

Magnolia tree flowers and their photos

Magnolia flowers are bisexual, regular, up to 8 cm in diameter. Seeds are orange, disc-shaped, up to 1 cm in diameter and up to 7 cm long.

As you can see in the photo, the magnolia tree at the time of flowering is literally strewn with delicate pink and white flowers. The tepals are snow-white with a pink blurred spot at the base. Fruits ripen from the flowers, which are oblong pink multi-leaflets.

Magnolia cylindrical propagates by seeds and vegetatively - layering, cuttings of shoots. Magnolia flowers bloom in April and adorn the plant for about two months. Pollinated by insects, usually beetles. The fruits ripen in September - October. When they open, the seeds hang outward on thin stalks, which birds peck at and spread.

The use of magnolia

Magnolia was cultivated back in Ancient China. Today it is used in the landscaping of tropical and subtropical belts. Most often, these are large-flowered magnolias (M. grandiflora), star-shaped (M. stellata), Kobushi (M. kobus), lily-flowered (M. liliiflora) and Sulange (M. soulangeana).

The magnolia flower has retained many primitive features: it is radially symmetrical, its parts are located on the receptacle in a spiral and do not grow together, and the number of petals, stamens and pistils is not constant.

The wood of the plant is easily processed and resistant to decay, it has a beautiful texture, which leads to the widespread use of magnolia in the manufacture of various household utensils. In Japan and China, magnolia is traditionally used to make knife handles, dishes, furniture and jewelry boxes. Leaves containing alkaloids, glycosides and essential oil are used in medicine in the treatment of hypertension, diseases of the digestive and nervous systems.

Magnolia is poisonous, so it is better not to use its huge flowers for making bouquets.

Pierre Magnol (1638-1715), after whom the magnolia was named, was a French botanist who made major contributions to plant systematics. He proposed a set of features according to which they began to be attributed to different botanical families.

Judging by the fossil remains, the magnolia appeared at least 90 million years ago. She grew up all over northern hemisphere until the last ice age, dividing a wide range into Asian and North American parts.

According to Japanese legend, once a girl named Keiko made beautiful flowers out of sheets of white paper. To breathe life into origami, she gave each of them a drop of blood. This is why magnolia petals are a pale pink color.

Magnolia seeds have a juicy bright shell - sarcotesta, which makes them appetizing for birds.

The magnolia fruit resembles a cone. It consists of individual fruitlets-leaflets, each of which contains one or two seeds.

Why is it listed in the Red Book? Magnolia cylindrical is harmed by deforestation in places of growth, as well as poaching collection of flower buds for medicinal raw materials. Today the plant has a VU protection category.

Other representatives of the genus listed in the Red Book of the World: Chinese magnolias (M. sinensis), Mahecha (M. mahechae), omeyenskaya (M. omeiensis), Wolf (M. wolfii), Cespedes (M. cespedesii), Espinal (M. espinalii), Guatape (M. guatapensis), yarumalenskaya (M. yarumalensis) and Tsena (M. zenii) belong to the protection category CR. In addition, 24 representatives of the genus are assigned to the EN protection category, 14 - to the VU category, 6 - to the LC category. Two more species - Griffith magnolia (M. griffithii) and Henry (M. henryi) - are assigned the category DD.