Description of the river. Ob. What current: fast or slow. Tributaries. How the river changes in different seasons. Plants and animals of the river. Human use of the river. How people influence the river. What people do to protect the river. Volga which current is fast or slow

The Amazon is moving at a speed of 15 km/h

The Amazon River is considered the fastest river in the world, already having several titles of the “most-most”. Among them, such titles as the most full-flowing (7,180,000 km 2), the deepest (its depth in some places reaches 135 meters), the longest (7,100 km) and the widest (in some places the Amazon delta has a width of 200 km) . In the lower reaches of the Amazon, the average water flow is approximately 200-220 thousand cubic meters, which corresponds to the river current speed of 4.5-5 m/s or 15 km/h! In the rainy season, this figure increases to 300 thousand m 3.

The course of each river consists of the upper, middle and lower reaches. At the same time, the upper course is characterized by large slopes, which contributes to its greater erosive activity. The lower course is distinguished by the largest water mass and lower speed.

How is the flow rate measured?

The units used to measure the speed of a river are meters per second. At the same time, one should not forget that the speed of the water flow is not the same in different parts rivers. It gradually increases, originating from the bottom and walls of the channel and gaining the greatest power in the middle part of the stream. The average flow velocity is calculated on the basis of measurements made in several sections of the channel. Moreover, at least five spot measurements are carried out on each section of the river.

To measure the speed of the water current, a special measuring device is used - a hydrometric turntable, which descends to a certain depth strictly perpendicular to the surface of the water and after twenty seconds you can take readings from the device. Given the mean velocity of the river and its approximate cross-sectional area, the water discharge of the river is calculated.

Reverse flow of the Amazon

In addition, the Amazon River is the owner reverse flow that occurs during ocean tides. water streams with great speed - 25 km / h or 7 m / s, are driven back to the mainland. Waves at the same time reach 4-5 meters in height. The further a wave travels on land, the smaller it becomes. destructive action. The tides stop at a distance of up to 1,400 kilometers upstream of the Amazon. Such a natural phenomenon received the name "pororoka" - thundering water.

The Oryol region has a well-developed river network. However most of Oryol rivers are either the origins major rivers or their small tributaries. Within the territory of Oryol region there are the sources of the largest rivers of the European part of Russia - the Oka, the Don and the Dnieper. Therefore, the Oryol region is a geographical center of nutrition of the most important river systems European part of Russia. On its territory, the surface runoff of the rivers of the Volga basin is formed. The watersheds of the rivers are separated by two watershed areas. The first one runs from the city of Maloarkhangelsk to the north to the village of Alekseevka, then to the northeast to the Verkhovye station and to the village of Pankovo. This hilly area is a watershed between the rivers Oka, Zusha with its tributary Neruch and the river Pine with a tributary of the Truda river. In the central part of the region there are elevated hills, which represent the watershed of the Oka and Zushi rivers, which in its southern part in the area of ​​Maloarkhangelsk connects with the watersheds of the Oka and Sosna, Oka and Desna. The second watershed between the basins of the Oka and Desna rivers is located in the southwestern part. The Oka basin occupies 60% of the region's territory, it includes 1377 rivers and streams. The Don basin includes 529 watercourses, the Dnieper - 195. The water fund of the region has over 2100 watercourses with a total length of 9154 km, including about 180 watercourses with a length of 10 or more kilometers and with a total length of over 4000 km. The major rivers of the Oryol region are the Oka and Zusha are used to generate electricity. On the river The Shakhovskaya hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 510 kW operates on the river Oka, Novosilskaya (210 kW) and Lykovskaya (760 kW) operate on the Zusha River. The construction of the dams of these power plants has significantly affected the ecology of some fish species living in the Oka and Zush. The most extended and abundant rivers of the region are: r. Oka (average annual runoff at the border with Tula region-2058 million m3); R. Zusha (tributary of the Oka, average annual flow - 988.6 million m3); R. Pine (a tributary of the Don, the average annual runoff at the border with the Lipetsk region is 687.0 million m3). The basins of the Navlya and Nerussa rivers flowing into the Desna (a tributary of the Dnieper River) are located in the southeastern part of the region, with a total annual flow of 210 million m3. The relief of the area determines the slow, calm flow of rivers. The rivers Zusha, Sosna and a number of other smaller rivers, due to the significant difference in elevation, have a fairly fast flow. surface runoff Oryol rivers influence climatic factors- number precipitation, seasonal air temperature and humidity. In addition, the amount of runoff is somewhat influenced by the terrain, geological structure underlying rocks, swamping of watersheds and the presence of forests. Great importance in the formation of surface runoff has economic activity human and technogenic pressure on landscapes [ Natural resources, 2002]. The regional water fund is replenished by creating reservoirs and ponds that accumulate spring flood runoff. The water quality of many ponds is improved by numerous springs that feed the ponds, preventing them from drying out and improving flow. In total, there are more than 1730 ponds in the region with a total area of ​​2800-3000 hectares. [Blinnikov V.I. et al., 1989; Fedorov A.V., 1960]. Of these, as of September 1, 2005, the Administration of the Oryol Region approved a list of fishing grounds. This list includes 608 reservoirs with a total area of ​​5105.6 hectares. Table 1 shows the distribution of reservoirs intended for fish farming needs by districts of the region.

The Oryol region has a well-developed river network. However, most of the Oryol rivers are either the headwaters of large rivers or their small tributaries. On the territory of the Oryol region there are sources of the largest rivers of the European part of Russia - the Oka, the Don and the Dnieper. Therefore, the Oryol region is a geographical center for feeding the most important river systems of the European part of Russia. On its territory, the surface runoff of the rivers of the Volga basin is formed. The watersheds of the rivers are separated by two watershed areas. The first one runs from the city of Maloarkhangelsk to the north to the village of Alekseevka, then to the northeast to the Verkhovye station and to the village of Pankovo. This hilly area is a watershed between the rivers Oka, Zusha with its tributary Neruch and the river Pine with a tributary of the Truda river. In the central part of the region there are elevated hills, which represent the watershed of the Oka and Zushi rivers, which in its southern part in the area of ​​Maloarkhangelsk connects with the watersheds of the Oka and Sosna, Oka and Desna. The second watershed between the basins of the Oka and Desna rivers is located in the southwestern part. The Oka basin occupies 60% of the region's territory, it includes 1377 rivers and streams. The Don basin includes 529 watercourses, the Dnieper - 195. The water fund of the region has over 2100 watercourses with a total length of 9154 km, including about 180 watercourses with a length of 10 or more kilometers and with a total length of over 4000 km. The major rivers of the Oryol region are the Oka and Zusha are used to generate electricity. On the river The Shakhovskaya hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 510 kW operates on the river Oka, Novosilskaya (210 kW) and Lykovskaya (760 kW) operate on the Zusha River. The construction of the dams of these power plants has significantly affected the ecology of some fish species living in the Oka and Zush. The most extended and abundant rivers of the region are: r. Oka (average annual runoff at the border with the Tula region - 2058 million m3); R. Zusha (tributary of the Oka, average annual flow - 988.6 million m3); R. Pine (a tributary of the Don, the average annual runoff at the border with the Lipetsk region is 687.0 million m3). The basins of the Navlya and Nerussa rivers flowing into the Desna (a tributary of the Dnieper River) are located in the southeastern part of the region, with a total annual flow of 210 million m3. The relief of the area determines the slow, calm flow of rivers. The rivers Zusha, Sosna and a number of other smaller rivers, due to a significant difference in elevation, have a fairly fast flow. The magnitude of the surface runoff of the Oryol rivers is influenced by climatic factors - the amount of precipitation, seasonal air temperature and its humidity. In addition, the amount of runoff is somewhat influenced by the terrain, the geological structure of the underlying rocks, watershed watersheds and the presence of forests. Of great importance in the formation of surface runoff is human economic activity and technogenic pressure on landscapes [Natural Resources, 2002]. The regional water fund is replenished by creating reservoirs and ponds that accumulate spring flood runoff. The water quality of many ponds is improved by numerous springs that feed the ponds, preventing them from drying out and improving flow. In total, there are more than 1730 ponds in the region with a total area of ​​2800-3000 hectares. [Blinnikov V.I. et al., 1989; Fedorov A.V., 1960]. Of these, as of September 1, 2005, the Administration of the Oryol Region approved a list of fishing grounds. This list includes 608 reservoirs with a total area of ​​5105.6 hectares. Table 1 shows the distribution of reservoirs intended for fish farming needs by districts of the region.

To the question whether the current of the Volga is fast or slow, asked by the author Adelina Kuasheva the best answer is The nature of the Volga

Features of lowland rivers

2. Low flow rate
3. Wide shallow valley
Current direction





The place where the Akhtuba branch separated is sometimes taken as the beginning of the Volga delta. It is more correct, however, to count the beginning of the delta from the place of separation of the Buzan branch. From here, the Volga is divided into a dense network of branches and channels. The Volga delta is one of the largest deltas in our country. Numerous branches, channels, islands, lakes (here called ilmens and hollows) and sandy ridges (Baer hillocks) occupy a total space of over 13,000 km2.

Answer from Neurologist[guru]
When we go up - slow, but when we go down - fast

Answer from Alexandra Gurgaeva[newbie]
The Volga is slow

Answer from put down[guru]
The average current speed is low - from 2 to 6 km / h.

Answer from Staff[guru]
The Volga is a flat river with a slow current.

Answer from Marina Loginova[newbie]
The Volga is flat.
so the flow is slow

Answer from Vika balandina[newbie]
slow

Answer from Elizaveta Viktorovna[newbie]
medium

Answer from Olga Afanasyeva[newbie]
anger54kuapavyvakuv45

Answer from Ksunchic Richkova[newbie]
The Volga is a flat river, which means it has a slow current.

Answer from Maxim Goncharov[active]
The nature of the Volga
The Volga is a typical flat river.
Features of lowland rivers
1. Small difference in height between mouth and source
2. Low flow rate
3. Wide shallow valley
Current direction
The main direction of the Volga is to the south.
Flowing within the East European Plain, the Volga is a classic example of a lowland river. Its longitudinal profile is close to the so-called equilibrium profile. The average slope is only 0.06°/oo. The drop is especially small in the lower reaches, where it does not exceed 0.02°/oo. According to the size and nature of the flow, the Volga is usually divided into three parts: the upper course (Upper Volga) - from the source to the city of Shcherbakov, the middle course (Middle Volga) - from the city of Shcherbakov to the mouth of the Kama and the lower course ( Lower Volga) - from the confluence of the Kama to the mouth.
IN upstream, within the Valdai Upland, the Volga passes through a chain of Upper Volga lakes - Verkhit, Sterzh, Vselug, Peno and Volgo. At the source of the lake In the middle of the last century (1843) a dam was built on the Volga River - the Upper Volga Beishlot - designed to enhance the feeding of the river in low water and maintain navigable depths. major tributaries Upper Volga - Selizharovka, Tverda, Mologa and Sheksna. During the years of Stalin's five-year plans, the Upper Volga was reconstructed, that is, radically reorganized. Three powerful hydroelectric power stations have been built here: Ivankovskaya, Uglichskaya and Shcherbakovskaya. The dams of these hydroelectric power plants have turned the Upper Volga into a chain of reservoir lakes, among which the Rybinsk reservoir is the largest in the world. Waters: This reservoir was flooded by the lower reaches of pp. Mologa and Shcheksny and the entire Mologa-Sheksna interfluve.
In the middle reaches, below the city of Shcherbakov, the river becomes even more full-flowing; here it runs into a series major tributaries, the most important of which are Oka, Unzha, Vetluga and Sura. The regime of the middle course of the river has changed significantly and is heavily dependent on releases from the Rybinsk reservoir. Below the confluence of the Kama, which in its water content is almost not inferior to the Volga itself, the latter becomes especially full-flowing. The width of the valley reaches 20-30 km. In the area of ​​the city of Kuibyshev Volga, skirting Zhiguli mountains, forms a giant bend - Samara bow, where the valley narrows to 2-3 km. The asymmetric structure of the valley is characteristic: the right bank is everywhere high and steep, and the left bank is gentle and low. The valley expands especially strongly below Stalingrad. Here the Volga on the left separates the first branch - r. Akhtuba, which continues to flow as an independent stream parallel to the main channel of the Volga.
The vast space between the Volga and: Akhtuba, indented by numerous channels and old rivers, is called the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. Spills within the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain reach 20-30 km. The Lower Volga receives only relatively small tributaries: the Samara, the Bolshoi Irgiz, and Yeruslan.
The place where the Akhtuba branch separated is sometimes taken as the beginning of the Volga delta. It is more correct, however, to count the beginning of the delta from the place of separation of the Buzan branch. From here, the Volga is divided into a dense network of branches and channels. The Volga delta is one of the largest deltas in our country. Numerous branches, channels, islands, lakes (here called ilmens and hollows) and sandy ridges (Baer hillocks) occupy a total space of over 13,000 km2.

Much in the world depends on the majority. The climate on the planet including. Almost 70% of the surface the globe occupies water. She determines the fate of mankind

Cross-sectional area of ​​ACC (5)(the only one crossing all the longitudes of the world) is huge: a depth of up to 4000 m, and a width of up to 2000 km. But it does not flow quickly - the speed does not exceed 0.7 km / h.

The most powerful ocean currents(flow* of water in m 3 / s)

* Flow - the volume of water flowing per unit of time through the cross section of the flow

(5) Antarctic Circumpolar Current 150,000,000 m3/s
(3) Gulf Stream 100,000,000 m3/s
(2) Kuroshio 80,000,000 m3/s

Global Ocean Conveyor connects the upper (in depth) part of the ocean water column with the lower one. The length of the conveyor path is 40 thousand kilometers.

Deep water passes this way for 1.5-2 thousand years.

Solar energy arrives at the Earth's surface unevenly: maximum - at the equator, minimum - at the poles. Thanks to the conveyor, ocean currents carry heat from where there is more of it to where it is less, that is, from the equator to the poles.

If there were no oceans, average temperature Earth's surface would be 36°C lower than it is today, at just -21°C

Fastest currents**

(1) SOMALI SUMMER 75 CM/S
(2) CUROSHIO 50 CM/S
(3) GULF STREAM 40 CM/S
(4) AGULIASI 34 CM/S
(5) ACT 28 SM/S

** Given the average speed of currents

Gulfstream consumption, according to some estimates, 40 times more than the flow of all the rivers of the world combined

Currents are divided into warm and cold. But the division is relative. So, in the "warm" North Cape Current in the Barents Sea, the water temperature in summer is up to 8 ° C, and in the "cold" Canary Current in the Atlantic - all year round from 12 to 26 ° C

Average wave height in Atlantic Ocean in Lately increases by about a centimeter per year. This is indicative of massive climate change.