When is the best time to visit Latvia? Climate: Latvia Climate conditions in different parts of Latvia
– Baltic country located in the western part of the East European Plain. The area of Latvia is 64,589 square kilometers. The length of the borders of Latvia is 1,382 kilometers.
In the north, Latvia borders on Estonia, and in the south, the borders of Latvia and Lithuania, as well as Latvia and Russia, Latvia and Belarus, adjoin. In the western part of Latvia has access to the Baltic Sea. The coastline stretches for 498 kilometers. In the north of the country there is the Kurzeme peninsula with cape Kolkasrags. The Moonsund Islands, which separate the Gulf of Riga from the Baltic Sea, belong to Estonia.
Latvia owns 12 nautical miles of territorial waters, as well as the continental shelf. The landscape of Latvia is mostly represented by plains and small hills, the height of which ranges from 100 to 200 meters above sea level. Along Baltic coast there is a long lowland, the width of which is different places ranges from 2 to 50 kilometers.
In the western part of Latvia there is the Kurzeme Upland, the height of which reaches 184 meters above sea level. The Venta River divides the Kurzeme Upland into two parts: East Kurzeme and West Kurzeme. Lowlands and slightly pronounced uplands in Latvia merge into each other in the eastern part, where the Central Latvian lowland, rising, becomes the Vidzeme upland with the peak of Gaiziņkalns. The height of this mountain is only about 312 meters, but Gaizinkalns is nevertheless the highest point in Latvia.
In the northeast direction is the North Latvian lowland, which in its southern part passes into the East Latvian lowland. East Latvian lowland with waterlogged central part(Luban lowland) separates two uplands: Latgale and Vidzeme. The Latgale highlands are founded by such hills as Lielais Liepukalns (its height is about 289 meters) and Dzierkalu kalns (its height is 286 meters).
The most significant river in Latvia is the Daugava ( Western Dvina), but total amount Latvian rivers reaches 700. Also major rivers Latvia are Venta, Lielupe and Gauja.
There are 5 reserves in the country, more than 90 parks (they include 2 arboretums: Skriversky and Kazdangsky), as well as 3 national natural park: Slitere, Razna and Gauja.
Climate
The climate of Latvia, maritime in the coastal areas and continental in the central part of the country, is characterized by a fairly high annual rainfall (from 500 to 800 millimeters).
Quantity sunny days during the year is not so large: from 30 to 40 days. The month in which there is usually the least precipitation, and the number of sunny days reaches an annual maximum is May. Winds in Latvia are dominated by south-western.
IN summer months it's pretty cool in latvia average temperature air from June to August is approximately +18 °C. However, winters here are mild, in the coldest month of the year - January, the air temperature usually stays at -5 ° C. Natural anomalies when they happen in Latvia very coldy or severe fever are extremely rare.
Capital of Latvia: Riga.
Big cities: Daugavpils, Liepaja, Cesis, Sigulda.
Introduction
The territory of Latvia is small, but still natural conditions rocks,
relief, climate, water, soil, vegetation and animal world in different
parts are different.
For successful study geography of Latvia in the lessons and the implementation of various
assignments, you must use this abstract, a geographical atlas
And contour map. The abstract is illustrated with photographs and diagrams. They are
will help to create a visual image of the nature of Latvia. Read the text on
parts, trying to understand the essence of the content.
In the text you will find geographical names, concepts and terms.
climate-forming factors
The territory of Latvia is located in a temperate climate zone, in the region of
climate Western Europe to the temperate continental climate of Eastern
Europe.
The geographical position of the state between the expanses of water
Atlantic Ocean and continental spaces of Eurasia,
fairly flat terrain and the absence of nearby mountain systems,
impeding progress air masses, determine climatic
features of its territory.
Westerly winds prevail in Latvia. air traffic
mass determines the circulation of the atmosphere in the territory of the state and
weather differences throughout the year. Moderate air masses predominate
latitudes (more often sea, less often continental); often penetrate and
arctic air masses.
Latvia? edge of cyclones that invade here from the west up to 180-200 times
in year.
From the Atlantic, they bring air sea masses. Well connected with it
pronounced sea features climate - a small amplitude of average temperatures
summer and winter, unstable weather conditions, increased
atmospheric precipitation. Cyclones are the reason for frequent cloudy weather(in
an average of 160–180 days a year).
From the east come anticyclones, which in summer bring drier and
hot weather, and in winter? colder and sunnier. When invading
Arctic air masses in winter there is a sharp decrease
temperature (up to -25? 30? C). The action of anticyclones is observed 150–160
days a year.
The territory of Latvia is characterized frequent change air masses. For example,
an average of 170 atmospheric dandies pass over Riga during the year
(especially in February, July and October). atmospheric fronts often
are accompanied by strong winds, so in autumn there is a maximum
storms in February? maximum snowstorms, and in July? the largest number
thunderstorm days.
It is known that geographical latitude- the main climate-forming factor,
because the distribution depends on it solar radiation. From latitude
also depends on the length of the day different time of the year. Winter (20?25
December) is the height of the sun above the horizon the lowest? around 9?10? , in the summer
(June 20?25) the largest 55?57?. Time from sunrise to sunset in
December? 6-7 hours, and in June - 17-18 hours. Changes accordingly
the amount of solar radiation. Influence of solar radiation
cloudy– earth's surface in this case gets scattered
radiation. In December, this is about 0.5? 0.6 kcal per 1 cm?, in June?
up to 15 kcal per 1 cm?. But the difference between the average temperatures of December (-3? C) and June
(+16?С) is not as great as the difference in solar radiation values.
Does the atmospheric circulation factor make significant corrections? prevailing
westerly winds and coming from the Atlantic Ocean
air masses, which have a great warming effect
North Atlantic current. They greatly (by 7? 9?) increase winter
temperatures and slightly (by 2? 3?) lower the summer ones? compared with
temperatures that would be determined only by the magnitude of the solar
radiation.
Differences in average temperatures in different points of the territory of Latvia
small. Average annual temperature is +6.2?С. The coldest
Month - January, the warmest? July. January average temperature
decreases from west to east (with distance from the sea). On the coast
Baltic Sea it is
3?C in the middle part of Latvia - -5?C, and in the eastern part - -7?C. Medium
July temperature rises slightly in the same direction (from 16.5?
west to 17.5? C in the east). Temperature differences in direction from
north to south are almost not expressed, because the difference in latitude is small.
At higher elevations, the average air temperature is lower than at lowlands.
Maritime air masses and cyclones? reason for the increased annual
the amount of precipitation. The distribution of precipitation throughout the year depends on
directions of wind and air masses prevailing in the bottom season.
The greatest amount of precipitation is less than in summer and autumn. Spring?
the driest time of the year.
The distribution of annual precipitation depends mainly on
relief. On the lowlands, their number? 550?600 mm per year, for
uplands 700–800 mm per year, and on the western slope of the Vidzeme
hills? even up to 850 mm per year. The least rainfall on
Zemgale plain. This is because the Kursk and Samogitian (Lithuania)
highlands delay the flow to the Zemgale Plain
southwestern and western air currents. Having crossed these
hills, air masses descend the slopes. Wherein
their temperature rises and relative humidity decreases.
Annual rainfall, especially during the growing season
period exceeds evaporation, which contributes to abundant nutrition
internal waters, waterlogging, leaching of humus from the soil
(podzolization).
Seasons.
The consequences of the prevailing westerly winds and sea air masses
high cyclonicity are the mildness of winter, the coolness of summer,
instability of the timing of the onset and duration of the season,
long transition seasons, significant retreats
from long-term weather conditions at any time of the year.
Autumn in Latvia begins in September with the first frosts and frequent
mists. Autumn frosts in the north eastern regions start at
early September, at central regions- in the middle of the month, and on
coast of the Baltic Sea - at the end of September. If the average temperature
September?1013?, then in October it drops to 58°С. Trees and
shrubs acquire autumn outfit frosts color their leaves
in purple-red and lemon-yellow colors. Lead clouds, gusts of wind,
continuous rains is the prevailing autumn weather in Latvia.
The average air temperature in November ranges from +3 to -1°C. IN
in the middle of the month in most of the territory of Latvia
snow cover formation.
Winter usually comes in late November early December and sets
gradually. The first half of winter is always mild and cloudy. It's connected with
the passage of warm atmospheric dandies, which are accompanied
cloudiness, fog, ice and drizzle, heavy snowfalls,
sometimes rain. The second half of winter is colder. At the northern
northeastern and east winds temperature sometimes drops to
-27°С in the west and up to -38°С in the east, but such frosts occur far
not every year. Snow depth in western regions less than
2030 cm, and in the eastern regions 3050 cm. On the Baltic coast, more
half, and in the east of Latvia about one third of all winter days
the temperature is kept above 0°. From February to March the air warms up
at 23°C. In the first half of March, calm cloudy weather is observed.
and mild frosts. At the end of March, the average temperature is already above 0°,
snow begins to melt and melt.
Spring starts when average daily temperature getting taller
0°. Spring in Latvia is cool and long. Warm days are changing
cold snaps. This is due to the fact that the north and northwest winds
often brought by arctic air masses. Melting and snowfall
cover lasts almost a month. In April, the average daily temperature
exceeds +5°C, and by mid-May the air warms up above 10°C. Spring
the sunniest and driest time of the year.
Summer is moderately warm and rainy. The average June temperature reaches
1315°С, and July 1618°С. Summer temperatures are determined by the value
solar radiation, which depends on the height of the sun and the duration
day. However, intrusions of maritime air masses and cyclones reduce
air temperature in summer. During the summer, up to 400-500 mm of precipitation falls
(70% of the annual amount) rainy are on average 1218 days in
month. In the second half of summer, south and southeast winds bring
dry warm continental air masses. Installed dry and
sunny weather. Summer usually has 20-30 sunny days.
climatic regions
The territory of Latvia is small, but there are quite large
differences in climatic conditions. The basis for dividing the territory into
climatic regions serve as ratio differences solar heat And
moisture during the growing season (exceeding the average daily
temperature +10C). Such climatic zoning is most important for
Agriculture. The boundaries of agro-climatic regions generally coincide
with the borders of lowlands and uplands, which once again indicates
great influence of relief on climate. The territory of Latvia is divided into four
climatic region and eight sub-regions.
Agro-climatic regions and sub-regions of Latvia
Natural areas of Latvia
The territory of Latvia is small, there are no sharp natural contrasts, but
there is no monotony. Low-lying areas of flat plains alternate with
undulating hills. Large swamps are replaced by pine, spruce
or mixed forests, fields and meadows. Due to the difference in natural
terrain components, geological structure, climate, inland waters,
soil, vegetation and wildlife formed large natural
territorial complexes. With the development of human society to
natural landscapes were joined by an anthropogenic landscape,
resulting from economic activity person.
Using the results of the latest physical and geographical research
developed in the late 80s new scheme integrated zoning
Latvia. 15 large natural territorial complexes have been identified,
which are subdivided into 65 districts.
Taking into account the peculiarities of the geological structure, relief and climate, in
Latvia is divided into 4 groups of natural regions: Seaside Lowland,
Western Latvia, Central Latvia, Eastern Latvia.
seaside lowland
Along the entire coast of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Riga, where narrow, but
where the Primorskaya lowland stretches in a wider strip. In the end
ice age, the waters of ancient pools splashed over it
the Baltic Sea. The borders of the lowland are defined according to the origin
relief and climatic features. In some places the border of Primorskaya
lowland forms a swell-like slope - this is an ancient seashore.
Almost along the entire sea coast of Latvia, narrow sandy beaches stretch
a coastal strip where sand is deposited as a result of the action of the surf.
The width of the beach ranges from 30 to 1500 m. Excessive extraction of sand, gravel
and pebbles from the bottom of the rivers Daugava, Bullupe, Lielupe, Gauja and Venta
natural balance - these rivers no longer bring sediment into
Baltic Sea and Gulf of Riga. As a result, the width is drastically reduced.
beach.
In the Seaside Lowland, the longest frost-free period in Latvia and
the mildest winter, so here are preserved rare plants, which
not in the rest of the area. This is Erica cruciferous, mistletoe white, ivy
ordinary, common hornbeam, yew berry, etc. Combination of sandy
beaches, sea, therapeutic mud, mineral waters and pine forest
favorable for the development of the resort economy, recreation and treatment of people.
Taking into account the features of the landscape, the Primorskaya lowland is divided into
the following districts: Bartavska, Piemarska, Ventavska, Irva,
Engure and Rigav plains, Vidzeme coast.
Western Latvia
This natural region includes the West Kursskaya, Severo-Kursskaya and
East Kursk Upland, Kursk Lowland and southwestern
part of the Central Latvian lowland.
The Kursk lowland forms undulating and flat lowlands, folded
sandy, clay and moraine deposits. Kursk lowland
consists of districts: Priventsky and Ugalsky plains. flowing largest
the Kurzeme River - Venta, which collects water from the entire area of the lowland.
In the lowland area is largest lake Kurzeme - Usma. On the
It has several islands - Moritssala, Viskuzhu, Lielaksnite, Mazalksnite.
There are about 1.5 thousand plant species here.
The West Kursk Upland is the most high part Western Latvia.
Hilly terrain prevails. The relative height reaches 30 m.
The highest point is Krievukalns (189.5 m)
The West Kursk Upland stands in the way of humid air masses.
The southern slope of the hill is one of the most picturesque corners of Latvia.
The hill includes the districts: Kurmalskoye, Bandavskoye and Embutskoye
hills, the Aprika plain and the Vartai undulating plain.
In the northern part of western Latvia, the North Kursskaya
elevation. From the side of the Primorskaya lowland, the border of the upland
forms a steep cliff Zilie-Kalny (the coast of the Baltic Ice
lakes). The upland consists of districts: Dundagsky and Vannemsky.
The Vannhem hill is covered with a thick layer of Quaternary deposits,
who reach maximum power in the vicinity of Talsi (88 m) and
Tukums (70 m). Between these cities stretched a ridge of hills
Kamparkalns (174 m) is located near the city of Talsi. Between the hills
mirrors of lakes glisten in deep depressions.
The East Kursk Upland is located between Kursk, Primorskaya and
Central Latvian lowlands. The western part is dominated by wavy
relief. Only in the east and south is the height of the terrain slightly more than 155 m
(Kikerkalns).
Bedrock (sandstone, dolomite, limestone) is shallow or
exposed along the banks of rivers and lakes.
On the western slope of the hill, 600–700 mm of precipitation falls per year, and
in the rest of the territory -500 - 600 mm. The duration of the growing season
period - 185–200 days.
Abava collects water from the northern and eastern parts of the hill from its
tributaries of the Viesate, Imula and Amula. Particularly interesting and picturesque is the ancient
Abava valley. Rivers collect water from the central part of the hill
Riezupe, Ciecere and Zanya. In a subglacial gully, lakes are located
Ildzes, Luknas, Brocenu and Cieceres.
Few forests large areas occupy fields, many gardens.
The southeastern outskirts of Western Latvia is occupied by the Vadak Plain,
which is part of the Central Latvian lowland. She's covered
Quaternary deposits 610 m thick. The relief is monotonous,
wavy, in some places the surface is dissected by sublacial hollows.
The climate of Latvia is relatively stable and fluctuates as you move to the west, northwest of the country from continental to milder maritime. A clear picture is observed: the closer to the Baltic Sea, the higher the air temperature. It should be noted quite strong influence Atlantic on the climate of the country. Frequent winds coming from there bring with them a considerable amount of precipitation - about 600-800 mm per year. Regrettably, but the country does not please with sunny days: almost 300 days a year the sky is covered with clouds. the warmest and solar month May in the year.
The Latvian summer is very different in its temperature indicators from the generally accepted temperature indicators of Central and Western Europe. Yes, on greater territory In Latvia, the average summer temperature does not exceed 20 degrees Celsius. It is worth considering the fact that summer is not only cool, but also quite rainy. Temperature above 25 degrees summer period considered abnormally high.
Climate of Latvia by regions
Formally, Latvia can be divided into three main regions: Central, Western and Eastern.
To the Central region traditionally includes the capital of Latvia - Riga and the entire Riga region (Jurmala, Jelgava and 27 other regions). The climate in this region is very mild. Winter is surprisingly warm: the temperature is rarely below zero, there are often thaws and even positive temperatures. But the Gulf of Riga, however, is covered with a crust of ice.
In summer, there is quite favorable weather with variable cloudiness and little precipitation: the thermometer rises to 18-20 degrees with a plus sign. Sometimes the weather pleasantly surprises and then the thermometer rises even up to 25 degrees. The water on the Riga coast cannot be called warm enough for swimming: it reaches only +18.
To the Western region applies to Ventspils and Liepaja. The climate in this region is slightly warmer compared to the first. But, unlike the Central Western region there are frequent winds and a considerable amount of precipitation in the autumn winter period. The Baltic Sea in this region is almost never covered with ice, and the water warms up to +18 degrees.
To the East Region include Daugavpils, Rezekne. Here there is a pronounced continental climate . In winter, frosts are a frequent occurrence here, and almost throughout the winter, a thick snow cover lies on the surface of the earth. But summer in the Eastern region pleases with frequent sunny days and practically total absence rain.
Tourist seasons in the country
In Latvia, there are 4 pronounced tourist season according to the seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn.
Winter in Latvia almost snowless, but traditionally by the end of January begins high season on the ski resorts Latvia - Madonna and Sigulda. And it lasts until the end of February.
Special mention should be made of the winter holidays. As in all of Europe, as well as in the post-Soviet space, Latvia celebrates noisily and cheerfully New Year and Christmas: in Riga and Jurmala, there are festively decorated Christmas trees on almost every street, beautiful garlands hang everywhere, festive fairs open, etc.
If you want to cheer up in the New Year and get a boost of energy, joy and fun without extra portions of alcohol, you can safely go to the capital of Latvia. There you will find a beautiful winter city with medieval castles, cozy little taverns with delicious food and fireplaces, magnificent fireworks at midnight and snow-covered romantic streets.
Advice. Almost the entire winter period in Latvia is the time of Christmas discounts in stores. By the way, many of them work even on the night of December 31 until the clock strikes midnight.
Spring- time for flowers warm days and lots of sunshine. As in Russia, in Latvia they celebrate, albeit unofficially, the holiday of March 8th. On this day, men delight the beautiful half of humanity with flowers, gifts, shows, concerts, etc.
End of April - beginning of May - this is not yet beach season, but the weather is already quite stably warm, but the prices in shops and hotels are “winter-like” low. Therefore, the month of May can be considered the most successful time to travel to the country. Moreover, you can get to one of the holidays celebrated on a grand scale in Latvia - May 1 or May 4 (Independence Day).
Summer- traditionally bathing season and holiday time summer solstice(Ligo) celebrated June 23-24. This (official) weekend locals, which tourists actively join, go out into the countryside to barbecue, weave wreaths from oak branches and wild flowers, sing Latvian folk songs. The traditional dish of the holiday is cheese with cumin, to which beer is served.
The beach season on the river and lake coasts begins immediately after the end of the Ligo holiday. By this time the weather is pleasantly warm and sunny. On the sea coast, the season starts a little later - by mid-July, when the water heats up to its peak - 23 degrees with a plus sign.
Latvian autumn“Pushkin style” is beautiful: warm, long, golden. "Indian summer" lasts here for an unusually long time - until the end of October. And for tourists, this period is good because from the beginning of October prices in hotels, spas and other establishments providing tourism services. For lovers of long hiking (and not only) walks, local travel companies offer luxurious sightseeing country tours that will allow you to enjoy the beautiful autumn views and bask in the summer sunshine.
Clothes: what to bring with you to Latvia
Since Latvia is a country with a rather changeable climate, you should take care of having the necessary things in your suitcase. If you are planning a trip in the winter, it is not necessary to stock up on very warm clothes, since the winter, as you already know, is mild in the country. A warm down jacket and comfortable warm shoes will be enough. Be sure to bring at least one windbreaker and an umbrella with you when traveling in the summer, otherwise a sudden summer (and rather chilly) evening rain can take you by surprise.
When traveling to the coast, be sure to take a large beach towel and beach slippers with you. It is also advisable to stock up on at least a couple of swimsuits, because in the Latvian climate one simply will not dry out by the next day.
Latvia is a country with a moderate rhythm of life and restrained, but very friendly Latvians. It is important to know what language the locals speak. Latvians speak fluent Russian. You can also easily communicate with them in English. But when traveling to the Latvian hinterland, it is worth stocking up on a dictionary.
You should not expect particularly successful shopping in this country for those who like to spend a large number of time in boutiques of clothes, shoes, etc. But in local markets and in small shops you can buy clothes from the "eco-standard" series, made entirely from natural materials: linen, yarn and hand-dressed leather of excellent quality.
Among the Latvian souvenirs, the undoubted "leader" is high-quality products made from the "sun stone" - amber. But be very careful: unprocessed amber is prohibited for export outside the Republic of Latvia.
A feature of the national cuisine is the simplicity and at the same time unusual dishes, which, nevertheless, will surprise you with their taste. Tourists who have visited Latvia especially note such dishes as putra (porridge with fish), klops (beef steak with onion sauce), etc. balm and beer.
Weather in Latvia by months
Winter in Latvia
In December winter has not yet fully entered into force. The temperature often fluctuates around 0 degrees. But the humidity of the air this month is the highest in the year - about 90%.
In January the biggest "minus" is observed: about 5-7 degrees of frost, accompanied by a rather unpleasant and strong wind. Moreover, in more, this refers to the mountainous frequent countries. By the middle of the month, snow is already in the country.
In February winter still pleases with a white “fluffy carpet” of snow, but the temperature is already gradually rising above zero and fog appears.
Spring in Latvia
In March, the winter cold still makes itself felt, but the humidity level gradually drops. Snow is almost nowhere observed (except for mountain resorts). The average air temperature is about 3-4 degrees with a plus sign.
In April, the cold recedes very quickly and the weather is consistently warm and dry (about +10 degrees).
In May the air temperature rises to +15+18 degrees. Feels like summer is coming. The humidity level is the lowest for the whole year.
Summer in Latvia
average temperature June- 18 degrees of heat. The weather is practically no different from May, with the exception of warmer river and lake water (+15+16 degrees).
In July the weather is stably dry, only occasionally "reminds" of itself short, but torrential rains. The average air temperature is about 20 degrees with a plus sign.
Peak summer season in Latvia is considered August, since the air can warm up to 20-23 degrees Celsius, like water (even sea water). Rain is quite common.
Autumn in Latvia
September October- it's time " Indian summer". During this period, there is a stable warm weather with occasional but heavy rainfall. The average air temperature is about 15-20 degrees Celsius.
In November The air temperature begins to rapidly approach zero. Humidity rises sharply. The weather becomes very damp, dank.
Weather in cities and resorts by months
Riga
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | -2 | -2 | 3 | 10 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 21 | 16 | 10 | 4 | 0 | |
| Average minimum, °C | -8 | -8 | -5 | 1 | 6 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 4 | -1 | -4 |
In Latvia, winter usually lasts from mid-December to early March. The air temperature at this time can range from +5 degrees Celsius to -30 degrees.
Enjoy winter!
Due to its even relief, Latvia is suitable for. Particularly interesting in snowy winter enjoy nature while skiing on the beach.
Although there are no high mountains in Latvia, ski slopes are equipped in many places where you can rent the necessary equipment and study under the guidance of an instructor.
popular winter fun is also ice fishing.
In very cold winters, the sea freezes, forming ice accumulations - hummocks and amazing ice sculptures. Observing safety rules, you can walk on the frozen sea.
After being in the cold, it is nice to visit the bathhouse. In Latvia, bathing is especially popular in winter when it is cold outside.
Spring
In Latvia, spring can begin at the end of February, in March, or only in the second half of April and continue until early June. The average air temperature gradually rises from 0 to +15 degrees.
Enjoy spring!
Spring is often accompanied by extensive flooding when Latvian rivers burst their banks. High level water in the rivers best time. One of the most fast rivers in Latvia - Amata, and the most popular for rowing - Gauja.
Spring and autumn, when flocks of migratory birds fly across Latvia, are an exciting time for bird watching. Best Places- These are lagoon-type lakes:
- Canieris.
In May, lilac blooms luxuriously. Its flowering is best observed in Dobele, where the garden of the famous breeder Pēteris Upītis is located.
Summer
Summer in Latvia starts in June and lasts until September. The average air temperature is about +19 degrees, but the air can warm up to +30 degrees. Thunderstorms are frequent in the second half of summer.
Enjoy summer!
In summer, use the opportunity to travel along or relax on the wonderful sandy beach in.
You can also admire the views, for example, in or on Teicu swamp get to know the peculiar ecosystem of swamps.
Autumn is also an active hunting season for various animals.
In the forests, you can pick mushrooms and berries, combining business with pleasure - these gifts of nature are delicious, and in the forest you will enjoy natural beauty and peace.
Autumn begins new season, cozy cafes are returning to active work, where you can hide from the cold, and restaurants with an exquisite menu.
Latvia
The Republic of Latvia is located in the northern part of Europe, adjacent to other Baltic countries. The area of the territory occupies 64.6 km2. Washed in the west by the Baltic Sea, and in the north - the waters of the Gulf of Riga. The capital of Latvia lies on the banks of the Daugava River. In addition to the Daugava, the country has 700 rivers flowing into the Baltic Sea, and 3 thousand lakes, most of which are of glacial origin. Swamps occupied 10% of the territory.
The relief of Latvia is represented by plains with hills up to 200 m above sea level. The Baltic Lowland stretches along the coast. Plateaus and uplands are found in the northeast (Vidzeme with highest point 311.6 m), southeast (Latgale) and west (Kurzeme).
The climate of Latvia is humid maritime. It is characterized by short and dry summers. Despite the flat relief with low plateaus, there are four climatic zones, each of which has its own characteristics. The average wind speed reaches 4 m/s, occasionally there are gusts up to 30 m/s. 600-700 mm of precipitation falls annually. Humidity averages 82%.
The best time to travel to this country is from May to September. The cities of Riga (in the center), Jurmala (in the center, on the seashore), Daugavpils (southeast), Cesis (northeast), Saldus (southwest), Kuldiga (northwest) are popular with tourists. To determine the date of the trip, pay attention to weather in Latvia by months.
Weather in Latvia in January
The average January air temperature during the day in the capital ranges from -1.1°C to +2°C, at night the thermometer drops to -2.3°C. Frosts down to -14°C are recorded. It is colder in the west of Latvia. The average daily temperature range here is -3°С…-20°С. The country will receive 37-40 mm of precipitation per month. Wind gusts reach 4 m/s. January is the least sundial in days. The sea temperature is zero.
Weather in Latvia in February
In February in Riga, the average air temperature during the day reaches -1.3°С, at night - about -4.2°С. In Daugavpils and Cesis (east), the thermometer shows -2.9°C and -6.1°C, respectively. In February, 25-40 mm of precipitation falls. In the southeast, this is the driest time of the year: 29 mm of precipitation is recorded per month. The speed of air masses reaches 4.5 m/s. The temperature of the water in the sea remains at zero.
Weather in Latvia in March
With the exception of the southeast, March is dry in Latvia. The average amount of precipitation per month does not exceed 30 mm, and in Daugavpils (southeast) - 32 mm. With the onset of spring, the air temperature rises from -1°С to +3°С, and in the northeast - from +1°С to +3°С. The wind speed is the same as in the previous winter months- 4.5 m/s. The water in the sea does not warm up above +0.8°C.
Weather in Latvia in April
In April in Latvia, during the daytime, the air temperature fluctuates within +8°C, at night the air does not cool below zero, on average +2°C. The water temperature in the sea also rises - up to + 3.7 ° С. 4 rainy days are registered in the month, snowfalls are no longer observed in April. The amount of precipitation is 43.6 mm. Wind gusts - up to 4 m/s.
Weather in Latvia in May
In May, the air in the capital of Latvia warms up to +10°C, and by the end of the month, the thermometer reaches +20°C. Night temperature range is within +5°С…+15°С. The average sea water temperature ranges from +8°С to +13°С. The amount of precipitation is increasing: up to 54 mm in Riga and up to 42 mm in Kuldiga. May is the windiest month of the year. The wind speed varies depending on the region - 3.4-3.8 m/s.
Weather in Latvia in June
At the beginning of summer, the average air temperature during the day is within + 19 ° С, on some days the thermometer shows up to + 30 ° С. At night, the indicators decrease to + 13 ° С ... + 23 ° С. The water in the sea warms up to 15-16°C above zero. In June, the amount of precipitation throughout the country averages 52 mm. Gusts of air masses reach 4 m/s.
Weather in Latvia in July
In July, during daylight hours, the air temperature is at around +23°С, jumps up to +28°С are recorded in some places. At night, the thermometer drops to 7-8 marks. The water temperature in the Gulf of Riga and the Baltic Sea fluctuates between +17°С…+21°С. July is the rainiest month of the year. In the capital, 79.2 mm of precipitation is recorded, in the south - 63 mm. The wind speed reaches 4 m/s.
Weather in Latvia in August
In August, the average air temperature is +21°С…+22°С during the day, and up to +12°С…+14°С at night. It is cooler in the north-east of the country, daily thermometer readings do not exceed +20.5°C. The water temperature in the sea reaches +18°C. In August, 62 mm of precipitation is recorded, with fluctuations from 58 mm to 65 mm depending on the region. Wind speed - 4.1 m/s.
Weather in Latvia in September
With the onset of autumn, the weather conditions in Latvia do not change significantly. The temperature regime in the country is within +16°С…+21°С in daytime. And at night, the indicators range from + 8 ° С to + 11.3 ° С. The water temperature drops to +17°C. On average, 52 mm of precipitation is recorded in September. The wind speed is still 4.0-4.1 m/s.
Weather in Latvia in October
In October, the air temperature drops sharply. In the capital and in the west, during the day the thermometer shows + 8 ° С ... + 10 ° С, at night the column drops to + 5 ° С. In the east, at this time, the thermometer readings do not rise above + 8 ° С, and at night temperature regime fluctuates within +2°С…+3°С. The water temperature drops to +10°C. There is little precipitation this month, up to 42 mm. The wind speed is growing, amounting to 4.6 m/s.
Weather in Latvia in November
In November in Latvia, the daytime air temperature no longer rises above +5°C. At night the thermometer shows +2°С…+3°С. In the east, the indicators fall to sub-zero temperatures. The wind speed continues to grow, 4.7 m/s. 36-40 mm of precipitation will fall in the month. The water temperature in the sea cools down to +4°С…+6°С.
Weather in Latvia in December
In the capital of Latvia in December, the daily air temperature is +1°C, at night the mark drops below zero. 37 mm of precipitation is registered. In the east of the country, cages in the form of snow are increasingly observed. The water temperature in the sea reaches +4°С. December is the windiest month in Latvia with gusts exceeding 5.5 m/s.