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Drill chuck. Chuck for quick-release drill. How to remove and change a cartridge with a threaded connection

Depending on the power source, drills are divided into three types.

Electric– the most common option. Power source – mains or battery. Networked models have significantly greater power and performance than battery-powered ones. They are designed for long-term continuous operation and a wide range of tasks.

Pneumatic– driven by the force of compressed air supplied from the compressor. This tool is designed for increased loads (working with metal, thick concrete), it is more durable and wear-resistant. The advantage is high resistance to impacts environment(for example, to high humidity, which compares favorably with electric models).

An important advantage: the absence of an electric motor makes the drill compact and lightweight. Such a tool is expensive.

Mechanical- put into action muscle strength person. This tool is not designed for drilling hard materials and is used for working with plastic, plasterboard, fiber plywood, wood, and chipboard. Advantages: low price and the ability to work in places where there is no electricity.

Variety

Drill-screwdriver– designed for drilling holes in wood, metal, plastic, as well as tightening and unscrewing screws, self-tapping screws.

Screwdriver– in addition to tightening/unscrewing screws, it is used for drilling holes of small diameters only in soft materials.

Impact wrench– used for tightening/unscrewing fasteners: bolts, nuts, screws.

Cordless screwdriver– used for screwing or unscrewing small fasteners (screws, screws, self-tapping screws, etc.).

Drill-mixer– used both for drilling and for stirring liquid and semi-liquid materials using special attachments. Since these tools do not have a hammer function, they are recommended for drilling soft materials (such as wood).

Drills - mixers are equipped with an additional handle, which greatly facilitates the stirring process.

Type

Unpercussed instruments carry out only rotational movements. They are used for drilling soft materials (for example, wood), since when using tools with impact, such materials can split.

Impact instruments– in addition to rotational ones, they also produce reciprocal - forward movements. Used to work with hard materials (concrete, brick, etc.). They are universal because the impact function can be turned off and used as unstressed ones.

Compared to hammerless instruments, these instruments have greater productivity, but are more expensive. For impact wrenches, the impact mode involves tightening the nut with impact, and is usually not disabled.

Corner drills– used for work in hard-to-reach places (for example, under the engine hood) and limited space. The name “angular” is due to the design features of the tool - the gearbox on which the chuck is mounted is fixed at an angle of 90°.

Diamond Drills– used for working with very hard materials: reinforced concrete, asphalt, granite, natural stone. Such tools are characterized by increased power and are equipped with a reinforced chuck into which special drill bits with diamond-containing segments are installed. The diameter range of diamond bits is from 20 mm to 350 mm.

Power

This parameter directly affects the performance of the tool. Drills with a power of 500 W and above are capable of working with hard materials and producing large diameter holes. And drills with a power of up to 500 W and small drill bits are perfect for working with soft materials (for example, wood). Thus, a drill with a power of 500 -700 W.

Chuck type

Key cartridge (toothed)– in this chuck the drill is fixed using a special key. It is usually secured by three “cams” ​​located symmetrically around the longitudinal axis of the spindle. The disadvantages of a key chuck are that the key can be lost, and replacing a drill with it will take a lot of time.

Keyless chuck– in this chuck the drill is secured with a little hand effort.

There are one - and two-sleeve quick-release chucks. Single-sleeve(press - lock and auto - lock) are easy to use, two-sleeve equipped with two rotating rings - clamping and loosening.

The main advantage of a quick-release chuck is ease of use and time savings when replacing a drill. Despite the fact that the quality of the clamp is usually not inferior to the key one, a key chuck should still be used when working with hard materials and under high loads.

Bit cartridge – Used only in screwdrivers.

The bit is a bit with a standard hex shank on one side and a slot on the other. The advantage is ease of use. To install a bit that is fixed in the chuck, just insert it until it clicks slightly, and to remove it, simply pull it out.

IN impact wrenches a special chuck is used in the form of an outer square, the dimensions of which can be 1", 1/2", 3/4". It should be noted that a set of hand tools with heads is suitable for attachments on a wrench. To do this, you need to select a model with a suitable chuck or use adapter.

Number of speeds

Models with the same speed rotate the same regardless of the type of materials or work. Drills that provide multiple speeds are characterized by increased functionality. For example, a low speed is required for tightening screws, but the highest speed is required for drilling holes in hard materials.

Universal drills have a two-speed gearbox - at low speed you can drill holes of large diameter, at high speed - small ones.

Modes

Pulse– the spindle does not rotate constantly, but periodically in measured jerks. This mode is the best option for using a drill as a screwdriver. If the head of a self-tapping screw or screw is torn off, the pulse mode will make it easy to unscrew it.

Impact drilling– in addition to rotary drill, reciprocating motion is also transmitted. Thus, the drill both cuts the material and hits it in the direction of drilling. Especially often used when working with hard materials. If necessary, the shock function can be disabled.

Chiseling– the rotational mode is turned off, and only reciprocating motion is transmitted to the drill. In this case, the drill only hits the material in the direction of movement. As a rule, it is found in rotary hammers, but also occurs in some models of professional drills.

Functions

Engine brake– allows you to save time when turning off the drill, since the drill stops completely within a few seconds. This makes it easier to operate the tool, since there is no need to hold the drill suspended while waiting for the drill to stop completely: for some models this time is ten or more seconds.

Reverse– changes the direction of rotation of the drill to the opposite using a switch. May be necessary to free a drill bit stuck in a material. In addition, this function can be useful when using a drill as a screwdriver. Reverse is provided in most instruments.

Electronic speed control– ensures high-quality work, increases the service life of the tool and its productivity. This is a special device that, depending on the specified material and type of drill, determines optimal speed rotation.

Anti-vibration system– reduces the vibration level of the tool. As a rule, expensive and professional drills are equipped with it.

Equipment

Additional handle– helps to correctly distribute efforts when working with the tool and reduce vibration, which is especially important when working with difficult-to-process material. It can be rigidly attached to the body, removable, or rotate around the body.

Battery operation– allows the drill to operate from autonomous power supply. The undoubted advantage of such tools is their high mobility. Therefore, battery operation is especially effective in places where there are no outlets, hard-to-reach places and in jobs that require frequent movement of workers.

Spot light– used for working in hard-to-reach places or when there is insufficient lighting. Built into the instrument body.

Safety (anti-lock) clutch– protects the drill motor from burnout. For example, when a drill jams when it hits reinforcement. In addition, the safety clutch protects the user from “kickback”, since when the drill suddenly stops, all the power of the drill is transferred to his hands. Most instruments are equipped with this device.

Drilling depth limiter– helps to make several holes of the same depth. It is a metal or plastic rod attached to the drill body. Used for drilling in a thin wall (for example, assembling furniture, etc.) so as not to make a through hole.

Dust collector– collects dust that is formed during the operation of the drill, especially when drilling concrete and brickwork. However, personal protective equipment against dust (respirators, masks, etc.) will also be useful.

Magnetic holder on the case– allows you to save time when replacing the drill during operation. Objects such as a drill or a key are fixed on the body, and not in the operator’s hands or pockets.

Case– designed for easy storage and transportation of the drill and its accessories.

Manufacturer

It is not recommended to purchase drills from little-known and some local manufacturers. For example, Elprom and Monolit-Kharkov. Most often, the tool fails very quickly, and problems with service are caused by the low popularity of the brands. Thus, the main disadvantage of these drills is their very low reliability.

A keyless chuck at an affordable price is the main advantage of our store, which sells only reliable and practical devices that are covered by a three-year quality guarantee.

Features and types of quick-release chucks

Modern electric or battery-powered equipment consists not only of a motor and a housing, but also of rotating elements that are designed to make holes or tighten screws. These parts consist of adapters, drills and chucks.

The latter come in varieties - key and quick-clamping. The first type is difficult to replace, but the second is fixed quickly and only one free hand will be enough for manipulation. That is why this spare part has gained such significant popularity among users of percussion instruments. At the same time, in the BZP cartridge category, it is customary to distinguish models intended for:

  • Drills;
  • Hammer;
  • Screwdriver.

According to the principle of operation of this kind of cartridges, there are one- and two-clutch cartridges. The first type is used without a key and is mostly intended for installing conventional drills. The second option has a somewhat more complicated design, but in this case it is also possible to organize connection without a key, but you will need bits. To protect the device during transportation, it is packaged in special packaging. Therefore, there is no need to worry about the safety of the device or parcels transported next to it.

The secrets of our popularity

From us you can buy a keyless chuck at the best price in the country from a popular brand, also in the original, as well as other tools:

  • Rechargeable;
  • Pneumatic;
  • Mechanical;
  • Electric.

Your work needs to be simpler. And we are ready to provide this.

Drill chucks are used for drilling not only with the help of hand tools - a screwdriver, hammer drill or drill. They have European and Russian standards for the machine. Products must correspond in terms of fastener rigidity, radial runout, and standard size required for drilling, taking into account the density of the material and the thickness of the drill. The harder the material being processed, the greater the load on the drill. An incorrectly selected chuck can lead to breakage of the drill.

General information

The chucks are divided into two main groups according to the method of mounting on the machine:

  • threaded connection to the machine;
  • using a cone that matches the mounting hole for cone fasteners in the machine.

These features also determine their differences internal structure. External Morse taper indicates that there is a conical structure inside. The self-clamping chuck must comply with the standards in the regulatory documents in terms of the size of the internal cone. The marking has instructions on GOST, taking into account which the cartridge is made. The main parameters are indicated in the 1979 document; further parameters may have minor deviations in the tolerances of the lower limit of the drill clamp and radial runout.

Their choice is determined taking into account the need to carry out different types holes, the holder itself and ease of use with quick tool replacement. Morse taper, types of sizes according to clamping capabilities from the smallest drill diameter to the largest, the presence in the design of a key or a locking and fixing ring for each standard size is indicated in GOST 8522−79.

The design is:

  • with or without a nut fixing ring;
  • with clamping nut;
  • with a key.

Regulatory documents do not limit improvement and modification external forms, the most important thing is that the main parameters match. This makes it possible, when choosing a replacement sleeve or drill, to achieve the most precise fastening of the drilling tool. This is the only way to avoid violating the permissible radial runout . Chuck mismatch and the cone of the drill leads to an increase in error, this negatively affects the final result of the work.

Drilling chucks are:

  • precision;
  • quick-clamping (self-clamping);
  • quick-change;
  • three-jaw.

Drilling elements are used for fastening and clamping asymmetrical complex workpieces of non-cylindrical and cylindrical shapes. Moreover, self-centering cartridges are distinguished for parts that have an axisymmetric shape, and products with independent cams, which are used for asymmetrical ones.

The following types exist:

Only keyed drill chucks have necessary requirements taking into account GOST 8522–79. The quick-clamp is made without a cone, but unlike its counterpart with a key, it has an internal thread, its range is certainly indicated in the marking.

Features of the three-jaw chuck

As a rule, the marking looks like this(on products from domestic manufacturers):

  • GOST 8522–79 - this marking designation clearly indicates compliance with all characteristics in the table, which was compiled in 1979.
  • KM V18; B16; B12 - this designates the Morse taper of the connecting hole.
  • PSK 3−16 - this indicates the range of drill diameters in millimeters.

The marking on the keyless chuck only indicates the diameter range of the drills being clamped and the size of the internal thread.

For a drilling machine, a three-jaw element with a drill fastening with a key meets GOST 8522–79, but the Morse taper also complies with SEV 148−75 standards. These are products that are manufactured in Russia, made in accordance with GOST 8522–79, they are suitable for drilling machines from foreign manufacturers who work according to international standards.

Dimensions taking into account GOST 8522–79 are a clear indication of compliance with the permissible radial runout and the standard size of the clamping range. In this case, compliance with the main parameters is not indicating a specific design. Appearance drill chucks varies:

  • by the absence or presence of a protective plastic casing;
  • by the length and shape of the working part;
  • by alloy color;
  • according to the method of fastening the main parts together.

The Morse taper changes upward depending on the size number. Radial runout tolerances change simultaneously with size.

For example, Morse taper B16 has drill chuck sizes 10 and 13. These indicators correspond to the upper limit of the drill clamp, the lower limit is determined by GOST 8522–79. Cartridge No. 15 is manufactured with a Morse taper B18 according to the same table. Its maximum clamping is 15 mm, minimum - 3 mm.

The quick-clamping tool must be selected taking into account the dimensions of the machine thread and the mounting hole. Key cartridges have a certain value. Cone adapters make it possible to install cartridges with a larger or smaller cone on the machine, thus expanding the capabilities of the machine.

The most durable is the quick-release chuck, however, it is also the most expensive - it is a quick-change precision chuck. It is best suited for a machine that operates at high speeds. Precision keyless chucks, as well as tapered shanks make them versatile.

Elements with quick-change holder

Replacement cutting tool can be carried out without stopping the spindle. The chuck has a correspondingly tapered shank and a hole cone. The tool is installed simultaneously with a replaceable sleeve, on which there are two grooves, and inside the body, the quick-change drill chuck has two balls and recesses for them. The combination of grooves with balls on the replaceable bushing creates reliable fastening in the tool holder.

The fasteners are secured with a clamping outer ring. When changing the drill, the ring lifts up all the way, opening grooves into which spherical fixing fasteners are pressed when the sleeve is pulled out. Also the bushing insertion passes while the outer ring is raised. While lowering it, the balls are aligned with the grooves of the sleeve and recessed inside.

To prevent spontaneous release of the tool during operation, the quick-change drill chuck is equipped with a locking ring. The drill is transmitted from the spindle by means of a shank cone to a sleeve firmly held in the body by balls. This is for a vertical feed drilling tool. The ball fixation ring for a horizontal drilling machine is equipped with springs that close the holes in the body, preventing them from sinking inside the holes, which would lead to the constant release of the sleeve from different sides.

In order for the work to proceed faster, it is necessary to prepare the drills before starting it. They are mounted in replaceable bushings that correspond to the internal size of the cartridge and are placed according to the usage pattern. When drilling large diameter holes, a quick-change two-jaw product is used. The operating principle is the same, however, the three-jaw quick-release maximum size clamp according to GOST has less capabilities.

The self-clamping chuck, as well as the quick-clamping chuck, with a clamping range meets GOST standards for compliance with the cone. Moreover, both types of products are called quick-clamping, but only those that secure the drill with a nut to the body without using a key are self-clamping. B18 and B16 are the most commonly used cones for all types of threadless chucks. The self-clamping drill chuck has varying degrees beats. As the cone increases, its permissible value increases, regardless of the accuracy of the machine itself.

Sometimes there may be cases when normal operation equipment requires detailed cleaning. You can disassemble almost any cartridge, but you can’t put it back together. A quick-release fastener often has a casing with its components located underneath it. IN in this case disassemble or use surface cleaning of parts must be determined if the plastic casing is removed.

Generally can be disassembled using coarse physical strength, securing it in a vice and tapping it on the back side with a hammer. This method is applicable to prefabricated structures where all parts are made of thick metal, but not from a single piece of metal.

It is impossible to disassemble a quick-clamping cam, in which the holder and the crown form a monolith, using force alone. Due to its design, a heating tool may be required. For example, a construction hair dryer, which is capable of heating the metal up to 300 degrees. Before installing the chuck in a vice with a rotating ring, you need to hide its jaws inside. Heating of the rotating ring must be done from the outside, cooling it from the inside with the help of a cotton material installed inside, which is regularly poured with cold water while the part is heating.

After the required heating temperature, you can knock out the base from the ring, which will remain in the vice. The assembly process also requires heating the part.

All of the chucks described above are used to clamp tools while drilling different holes on various machines - lathes, drills, etc. The parameters described above will certainly help you choose the appropriate and correct tools for production and for yourself personally.

A screwdriver is a hand-held electric or pneumatic tool that is designed to automatically loosen and screw in screws. Such a device must have torque adjustment, and the screwing depth is also indicated.

You can use a screwdriver to screw in:

  • screws;
  • self-tapping screws;
  • screws;
  • dowels;
  • other fasteners.

In addition, using a cam-type device or using special drills with a hex shank, you can drill various holes.

As a rule, such tools do not operate from the mains power supply, but from battery. The main advantage is mobility. However, there is a pneumatic type of device that operates either from a compressor or from a reservoir of compressed air or gas.

Chucks for screwdrivers

Using a screwdriver or drill for work, probably everyone, even a novice and inexperienced craftsman, has encountered a problem when some spare part from the device fails.

The factory markings applied to it will help the average user to select the necessary new spare part. When choosing, you should consider:

  • Maximum and also minimum size drill shank.
  • His type.
  • Type of connection – threaded or conical.

Of course, after time of use, the markings may wear off. In this case, the required type can only be determined visually. The cartridges may be various types, their purpose depends on this. The most basic of them are quick-clamping, self-clamping, and also with a hex shank.

Keyless chuck for screwdriver

This type of component is very convenient to use precisely due to the speed of its replacement. Installation is very quick and easy, without even using a special key or other tools.

By its design, the quick-clamping type includes a corrugated metal sleeve and a locking spindle. The advantage of this structure is that there is practically nothing to break here. However, along with the advantages, there are also certain inconveniences. If the part is used for a long time, the chuck begins to clamp the drill insufficiently tightly, and this can lead to drills with round shanks turning. In this option, the only option is to buy a new one and replace it.

Self-clamping chuck for screwdriver

The self-clamping model, like the quick-clamping model, has one main advantage - you don’t need the usual key to fasten it. However, if in the first described case everything is compressed with my own hands, then in this case – automatically.

If the drill or other equipment is equipped with a blocker, then self-clamping models with a single clutch are suitable for such models. But the role of the coupling will be played by the blocker.

In a situation where the tools do not have a locking device, it is necessary to use two couplings. In order to install the part, you need to hold half of the device with one hand and screw it with the other. It is at this moment that the drill will be securely fastened, and the tool itself will be completely ready for active use.

Self-clamping types are appropriate and convenient when you have to frequently, and sometimes quickly, change different attachments.

As a rule, their cases are made of plastic, but the base - the mechanism itself, as well as the cams - are made of durable steel.

Hex Shank Chuck for Screwdriver

Models that have a hex shank are equipped with hex shaped holders. His standard sizes: 1/4 x 40 millimeters. With their help, you can securely and quickly secure drills and other accessories, as well as attachments for a drill or screwdriver.

This type is usually made of steel. This allows the shank to be strong and for a long time do not wear off during active use.

The speed of its use is justified by the fact that such parts do not require additional keys - the clamping of this cartridge, like the other two described above, is done manually.

Mini hexagons are quite widely used. They are necessary in most cases for mini-drills or engraving machines. The small size of this device allows you to clearly and accurately perform all the finest work in radio engineering or in jewelry.

Bit chuck for screwdriver

Pay attention! It is necessary to replace the chuck even when the drill itself has just begun to move from one side to the other.

The causes of breakdowns can be different:

  1. Cam wear. As a result, difficulties arise in securing the drill.
  2. The tool falls and a crack forms in it.

For both of the above reasons, the broken or failed part must be replaced.

All drill users sooner or later are concerned with the following questions related to the drill chuck:

  • What is the maximum drill shank diameter it can clamp?
  • What is the minimum drill shank diameter that it can clamp?
  • what seat does it have?

The first and second points will be of interest if it is necessary to use drills or attachments of certain diameters. And the third - when there is a need to replace the cartridge.

This article will clearly explain all sizes of drill chucks to help users understand these issues. I note that all of the following applies equally to both quick-release and key chucks.

Maximum drill shank diameter

This size shows how wide the clamping jaws of the chuck open.

According to this parameter, drill chucks can have the following maximum dimensions:

  • 6.35 mm
  • 6.5 mm
  • 10 mm
  • 13 mm
  • 16 mm

Moreover, the first three sizes are very rare. Other diameters are much more common.

It is not difficult to guess that the manufacturer selects the maximum clamping diameter of the shank for a particular drill based on its power and dimensions. It would be absurd to install a 16 mm chuck on a small 300 W drill, just as it would be ridiculous to install a 10 mm chuck on a kilowatt model. Although this is quite possible, since, for example, there are kilowatt drills with a 1/2″ seat, where a chuck with a 16 mm clamp is initially installed, and there are also 10 mm chucks with the same fit. Well, plantings will be discussed below in the corresponding section.

Regarding the maximum diameter of the clamp, this question begins to worry the user if he is unable to clamp a larger diameter nozzle or drill than his drill model allows. Well, in such a situation, you can choose a suitable chuck, but you shouldn’t get too carried away with working with a large-diameter fit, since, most likely, your drill is not designed to work with it due to its low power.

Minimum drill shank diameter

Chucks come in the following sizes according to their minimum clamping diameter:

  • 0.5 mm
  • 0.8 mm
  • 1.5 mm

In this case:

  • size 0.5 mm is available on chucks with a maximum clamping capacity of up to 6.5 mm;
  • 0.8 mm - up to 10 mm;
  • 1 mm - up to 6, 10 and 13 mm;
  • 1.5 mm - up to 10 and 13 mm;
  • 2 mm - up to 13 mm;
  • 3 mm - up to 16 mm.

Here the user has a need that is the opposite of what was indicated in the previous section. That is, you have a chuck that clamps drills and bits with a shank, for example, by 2 mm, and you need to clamp the shank into it by 1 mm.

Again, the issue is solvable. The only thing is that it can be inconvenient to work with a large and heavy drill with a small-diameter drill - it can easily be broken. Well, it’s worth noting that sizes of 0.5 and 0.8 mm can also be difficult to find.

Seat

It can be threaded or conical. Most modern models use a threaded connection. However, sometimes it can also be conical - mainly on drills with a chuck for a maximum shank of 16 mm.

Threaded connection

The thread can be metric, but in most cases on modern drills it is inch. Manufacturers always write directly on the cartridge what kind of thread it has, if, of course, it is threaded.

Inch threads come in the following sizes:


 Threaded cartridge marked 1.5 - 13 mm - 1/2

The most common ones are 3/8 and 1/2. These two fits can be used on chucks with a maximum clamping shank of 10 and 13 mm. The 1/2 seat is rare, but is also found on chucks with clamps up to 16 mm. 1/4 is a fit for cartridges up to 6.5 mm, and 5/8 is again up to 16.

Metric threads are only M12. Suitable for chucks with clamping sizes up to 10, 13 and 16 mm.

The conical seat may be designated B12, B16 and B18. The numbers indicate the diameter in millimeters. They are used on chucks with clamps up to 10, 13 and 16 mm. And most often with the latter diameter.

Cone fit
Conical cartridge marked 3-13 mm B16

That's all I wanted to say about drill chuck sizes. I hope I helped you figure it all out. I’ll end this article here - see you next time!