Tatar language dictionary. Russian-Tatar complete educational dictionary

Hello!

Let's start learning with the Tatar alphabet. It is based on Russian graphics, consists of 39 letters:

Aa Zz Pp Hh
Әə Ii Rr Shsh
Bb yy ss schsch
Vv Kk Tt bj
Gg Ll Uu Yy
DD Mm YY b
Her Nn ff uh
Yoyo Ңң Xx Yuyu
Zhzh Oo Һһ Yaya
Җҗ Өө Цц

As you can see, there are 6 additional letters in the Tatar language that are not in the Russian language. Next, we will dwell in more detail on each new letter.

1. Sounds indicated by additional letters of the Tatar alphabet

This audio material includes all the sounds and exercises for them, which will be discussed below. You can break up the study of sounds into several days in order to more thoroughly absorb the material. The audio recording lasts approximately 14 minutes, before each exercise, the start and end times of the text in the audio recording will be indicated.

[ә]

[ә] - this sound can otherwise be described as very soft [“a]. It is close to the Russian [“a] in the words “sit”, “look”, “row”. When pronouncing the letter “ә”, lower the tip of the tongue to the lower teeth. By the way, the sound [ә] is in English language: black, hat - , .

Listen and repeat

Audio 00:08- 00:54

Ә avaza - sound ә

Audio 00:55- 01:28

Әti belәn әni eshkә baralar. Әti әnigә әytә: “Aidә, mәktәpkә barabyz”. Mom and dad go to work. Dad says to mom: "Let's go to school."

Ati mina: "Ber ayber da aitep bulmy" - dide. “Dad told me: “You can’t say anything.”

Ashley, Ulym, Ashley. Eshlәgәn keshedә khөrmat bulyr. Work, son, work. A working person gets respect.

Әrәmәdәge әrem әche (patter). - There is bitter wormwood in the willow tree.

When pronouncing [ә], the most common mistake is due to the influence of graphics: when reading, the letter itself is confused with the Russian ‘e’. It should be immediately noted that there is no relationship between them. Moreover, the sounds [e] and [ә] often interchange themselves in similar positions, affecting the meaning of the word. For example: ishetә - ishette (hears, heard), etc.

[ө]

[ө] - this vowel is the most difficult for the Russian-speaking reader. The closest variant of the Tatar [ө] can be found in the words ‘maple’, ‘honey’, ‘Peter’. But in the Tatar language [ө] is short, and Russian [’o] is found only under stress. Try to pronounce these Russian words as shortly as possible and with more rounding, and you will be close to the desired sound. It is similar to a common sound in English: bird, work. ,. But English sound lack of ugliness.

Listen and repeat:

Audio 01:31- 02:05

Ө avaza - sound ө

Audio 02:08- 02:32

Өydә gөllar matur bula. - At home, flowers are beautiful.

Kozen könnär kyskara. - The days get shorter in autumn.

Tonlә uramda matur koy ishetelde. - A beautiful melody was heard in the street at night.

Min Tatars telen өyrәnәm. – I am learning the Tatar language.

Byel abyem өylәnә. My brother is getting married this year.

[ү]

[ү] - soft and more rounded ['y]. A sound close to it is found in the Russian words ‘bale’, ‘ditch’. Say these words, giving ['u] even more rounding (curl your lips into a tube), and you will approximately get the sound you are looking for.

Listen and repeat:

Audio 02:34- 03:10

Ү avaza - sound ү

Audio 03:12- 03:50

Kүldә kүp balyk bula, ә chүldә bulmy balyk. There are many fish in the lake, but no fish in the desert.

Urdak kup asharga yarata. Ul үlәn ashhy һәm tiz үсә. The duck likes to eat a lot. She eats grass and grows fast.

Utkәn elny min үzәkkә bardym. Anda bөtenese үzgәrgәn. - Last year I went to the center. There everything has changed

Min үzem dә үzeshchәn is an artist of kyn. “I am just an amateur artist myself.

Tizaytkech- tongue twister:

Kuper bashynda kүp kүrkә,

Kүp kүrkәgә kirәk kүp kөrpә. There are a lot of turkeys on the bridge, and a large number turkeys need a lot of cereals.

[җ]

[җ] - this sound is also often found in English, and in borrowings from English in Russian it is transmitted by the letter combination j: 'jumper', 'Jack' - Jack. Tatar borrowings are also drawn up: dzhilyan - җilәn, Jalil - Җәlil. The sound [zh] in Russian is always hard, but it is usually not difficult for a Russian-speaking reader to form a soft version from it. It should be noted that solid [g] is also uncharacteristic for Tatar language, as ['zh] for Russian. Therefore, mixing of these sounds, as a rule, does not occur.

Listen and repeat:

Audio 03:52- 04:27

Җ avaza - sound җ

Audio 04:29- 04:54

Yegetkә җitmesh җide һөnәr dә az. - A guy and seventy-seven professions are not enough.

Minem җyrym җirdә tudy һәm җildә yangyrady. – My song was born on the earth and rang in the wind.

Kәҗә huҗalygynda saryk huҗa bulmy. - In the goat farm, the sheep will not be the mistress.

Tizaytkech - tongue twister

Җәyneң yamle konnәrendә җilәk җyya Җәmilә - In fine summer days collects Jamil's berries.

[ң]

Listen and repeat:

Audio 04:56- 05:37

Ң avaza - sound ң

Audio 05:39- 06:05

Ale karangy ide. Yangyr yava bashlady. “It was still dark. It started to rain.

Min songga kaldym. - I am late.

Bu esh җinel bulmasa yes, min any anladym, shūna tiz bashkardym. – Even if this work was not easy, I understood it, so I quickly did it.

Tatar җrynyң nindider ber mony bar, any anlap ta bulmyy, any kүңel asha sizeep kenә bula. - The Tatar song has a special tune, it cannot be understood, it can only be felt

[һ]

Һ avaza - sound һ

[h] - pharyngeal sound. It is formed in the pharynx and pronounced with a breath. There is a sound close to it in English: hat, hand, hare. In Russian, the closest sound can be considered [x] in the words robe, chill, if you pronounce it without a guttural overtone. It must be remembered that the Tatar [һ] is of more posterior, pharyngeal origin.

Listen and repeat:

Audio 06:08- 06:50

Audio 06:54- 07:20

Җөmһһuriyatebezdә zur yokle avtomobillәr yasylar. - In our republic, heavy vehicles are made.

Һәr egetneң yakhshy һөnәre bulyrga tiesh. Tahir - igenche. Every guy should have good profession. Tahir is a grain grower.

Shәһәrebezdә һәykәllәr kүp. Galimҗan Ibrahimovka yes ber һәykәl kuelyr inde. There are many monuments in our city. And someday a monument will be erected to Galimdzhan Ibragimov.

Additional exercises

Say several times each row:

ak-әk, az-әz, at-әt, ar-әr, am-әm;

ak-әk, uk-үk, az-az, uz-үz, uky-үke;

he-өn, om-öm, ok-ök, as-әs-us-үs-os-өs;

zhi-җi, zhe-җe, zhu-җu;

un-un, an-an, in-yin;

ham-һәm, khas-һәs, hat-һava.

Sounds denoted by the same letters of the Tatar and Russian alphabets

Difficulties sound system of the Tatar language are not limited to specific Tatar letters. In addition, there is a discrepancy between common letters for the Tatar and Russian alphabets.

[a]

a - in the Tatar language, this letter denotes a more rear, wider and somewhat rounded sound.

Listen and repeat

Audio 07:22- 07:52

And avaza - sound a

Audio 07:54- 08:28

Qyrdan - from the song:

Ay Yugars, Ay Yugars,

Ai Yugari Salkyng;

Agach bulsa, yanar ide

Echemdage yalkynga.

Shigyrdan - from the poem:

Al almalar yua ani,

Tezep kuya өstәlgә.

Asha, ulym, alma, - deep,

Bersen suzdy Rөstәmgә.

Hata sizde Rostam suzd:

- Asha alma, disenme?

"Asha" digach, "alma" dima,

"Alam" Bulsyn Iseme.

[o], [s], [e]

o, e, s - for these vowels of the Tatar alphabet, in comparison with Russian, brevity is characteristic.

[about]

Listen and repeat

Audio 08:30- 08:47

About avaza- sound about

Listen and repeat:

Audio 08:50- 09:06

Y avaza-sound

Listen and repeat

Audio 09:07- 09:20

E avaza - sound e

in - this letter in the Tatar language serves to designate two sounds: [v] and [yy]. The second sound is in English: William, will.

Listen and repeat:

Audio 09:22- 09:38

Tatar telendage in Avaz - the sound in in the Tatar language

[g], [k]

g - this letter also denotes two sounds: voiced g and deaf g. These are quite different sounds. The deaf r, formed with the help of a small tongue, is familiar to the Russian-speaking reader: it is obtained when a person burrs and does not pronounce [r].

[G]

Listen and repeat

Audio 09:40- 09:53

Tatar telendage g avaza - the sound g in the Tatar language:

k - similarly to the letter g, it denotes two sounds: voiced k and deaf k.

[to]

Listen and repeat

Audio 09:54- 10:07

Shundy uk to avaza - the same sound to

3. Phonetic patterns of the Tatar language

Now you practically know the pronunciation of all Tatar letters.

In the Tatar language, the two main rules of practical phonetics are:

- the law of synharmonism;

- clear pronunciation of the last syllable.

3.1. The law of synharmonism

In the Tatar language, all words are divided by pronunciation into hard and soft. With firm words we call those in which vowels are not used front row: [a], [o], [y], [s]. And soft are words in which front vowels are used: [ә], [ө], [ү], [e], [i].

Soft sounds: [ә], [ө], [ү], [e], [and].

Solid sounds: [a], [o], [y], [s].

Pay attention to the paired opposition of hardness-softness.

This law has great importance, since not only all words, but also all affixes obey this law of synharmonism. Accordingly, almost all affixes, particles have two options: hard and soft. Therefore, you need to learn how to determine the softness or hardness of Tatar words by ear.

Listen and repeat several times, try to catch the difference between the pronunciation of different columns by ear.

Audio 10:09- 11:01

Nechka suzlar kalyn suzlar

soft words hard words

өstәl (table) arysh (rye)

bүrәnә (log) balyk (fish)

eshlәpә (hat) san (number)

kharef (letter) bash (head)

suz (word) avyl (village)

rәsem (drawing) altyn (gold)

ber (one)

ike (two) tugyz (nine)

өch (three) syynif (class)

kon (day) shoe (shoe)

tәrҗemә (translation) kaida (where)

nәrsә (what) kaychan (when)

Nichek (like) bara (goes)

eskämiya (bench) torba (pipe)

We will consider the law of synharmonism in more detail in Lesson 2.

3.2. The rule of clear pronunciation of the last syllable

As for stress, in the Tatar language it is qualitatively different from Russian. Remember that all syllables in the Tatar language must be pronounced clearly. Therefore, from the very beginning of training, you should make a weak accent on the last syllable, so you will get rid of the common mistake of Russian speakers who study foreign languages: "swallow the endings of words."

Audio 11:02- 12:32

Kaiber kүnegүlәr - some exercises

Almashtyngannardyr, achulanuchylar, әһәmiyatlelekne, bashlangychnyky, gomum dәүlәtchelek, җavaplylyk, kulyaulyklarsyz, mәsәlәlәrdәn, mөstәkyyllek, pәnҗeshәmbeneң, tөrlәnderergә, ukytuchylyk, үzenchәlekle, үzlәshterүchәn, үzәkcheleklәrneң.

Audio 12:34- 13:03

Chagyshtyrygyz - compare

Like (Russian) -like, court (Russian) -court, syrt-sort (Russian) -sort, without (Russian) -without, son (Russian) -son, ҩл-goal (Russian), cards (Russian) - cards, count (Russian) - count.

Read, paying attention to the new sound letters (try to guess the meaning of the highlighted words):

Audio 13:04- 14:12

Mak, rat, shәp, fәn, bәlesh, tәrtә, chainek, talinka, eshlәpә, kabesta;

Mүk, kүk, kүl, kүp, bүre, kүrәgә, kusәk, bүrәnә;

Kөn, tөn, köl, tölke, örpäk, köräk, östäl;

kaҗә, җen, җil, җir, җәй, җyyu, җyly, җyr, rәnҗү;

Son, in, an, un, tan, tanre, barange;

Һava, һich, һәр, һөнәр.

When performing the exercise, the last syllable is pronounced clearly.

Test yourself

The meanings of the highlighted words: poppy, row, teapot, plate, hat, cabbage, goat.

In preparing materials for the lesson, materials from the site http://tatar.com.ru/sam/1.php were used

BUT

aintl 1. expresses an unexpected guess, surprise; 2. expresses joy or gloating; 3. expresses disappointment
lampshadenoun fern, kochedzhnik, bracken // fern
abagaliknoun ferns
abagasimannarnoun fern bot
abai buluch be careful
abaylamychabunk accidentally, accidentally, by chance
abaylauch 1. feel, feel, smell 2. guess, guess what, 3. notice, notice, notice, notice 4. in meaning bunk abailap carefully, deliberately, prudently
abalanch hurry up, hustle
abayintl depending on intonation: 1. expression of slight fear, disgust, dislike: fu, fu-you, oh 2. expression of fear, strong fear: oh 3. expresses pleasant surprise, admiration: oh-you, well, well, well, here it's true
abzarnoun barn, stall; outbuilding for storage of grain, etc.
abzar iyasenoun in the mythology of the Kazan Tatars: the spirit of the barn, the spirit of the courtyard
abzar-kuranoun collect barn and other outbuildings
paragraphnoun uncle is a respectful term for an older man.
abruinoun honor, authority, prestige, reputation
abruylyetc authoritative, venerable
abruilylyknoun authority
abruisyzetc disrespectful, disrespectful
Abkhaznoun Abkhazian // Abkhazian
Abkhaz Khatyns (Kyzy)noun Abkhazian
Abkhazbunk in Abkhazian, in the Abkhazian language // etc Abkhazian
anynoun 1. older brother, uncle 2. uncle
abyly-senelleetc brother and sister brother and sister
abyly-eneleetc brothers
abyna-egylabunk stumbling, stumbling
abyna-sörtenәbunk stumbling, stumbling
abynusch stumble, stumble, stumble, stumble
abystainoun 1. wife of a clergyman 2. aunt, addressing an older woman
Avaznoun 1. sound // sound 2. voice, sound; exclamation
avaz biruch respond
Avaz Iyartemnoun ling onomatopoeia
Avazdashetc 1. consonant 2. ling homonymous
avazdashliknoun 1. consonance 2. ling homonymous, homonymy
advanceslauch advance, advance
advance paymentbunk in advance, in advance
adventuresnoun adventurous // adventurous
adventureretc adventurous
avarnoun avar // avar
avar khatyny (kyzy) avarka
ava-tunabunk staggering (staggering) from side to side
aviationetc aviation
avtoberlashmanoun auto-join
autokutargechnoun car lift
automaticetc auto
machine gunch automate
avtomobilchenoun motorist
automatnoun driving school
autodashnoun co-author
autodashliknoun co-authorship
autolashtyrylganetc authorized
autosaugychnoun milking machine
autosuytkychnoun auto-refrigerator
avtotyagechnoun forklift
avtohuҗalyknoun car fleet
avtoshәһәrnoun motor city
autochargernoun autodrinker
avtoүlchәgechnoun truck scales
avuch 1. fall, fall down, fall down, fall down 2. tip over, tip over 3. lie down, lie down (about bread) 4. lean (lean) to one side; to agree, agree, succumb
avyznoun 1. mouth; mouth, pharynx (in animals) 2. mouth, muzzle (furnaces, cannons) 3. throat, neck (at the bottle, at the tank) 4. entrance, manhole, passage, passage (into a tent, lair, tunnel) 5. edge ( forests) 6. fistula, hole (in an abscess, wound) 7. crater, vent (volcano, funnel)

avyz iҗatanoun oral (oral-poetic) creativity
avyz achargach 1. to yawn, to yawn 2. to speak 3. to break the fast, to break the fast
avyzlanuch taste, taste, taste, taste
avyzlyknoun 1. bit 2. snaffle, mouthpiece
avyzlyklauch 1. bridle, bridle, bridle, bridle, bridle, bridle (horse)
avyzlyklyetc bridled, bridled, bridled; tamed
avyzlyksyzetc without a bit, unbridled; indomitable
avyzchyknoun 1. smart-weasel mouth 2. stigma bot (in flower) 3. stoma bot (in leaves)
avylnoun village, village, settlement, aul // rural, rural
avyldashnoun villager, villager
avaricenoun rustic, rustic // rustic
avyretc 1. heavy; heavy; weighty // bunk hard 2. heavy, difficult, difficult, difficult, burdensome, difficult // bunk hard, difficult, burdensome, difficult 3. heavy, dangerous, grave, big (misconduct, grief, illness, crime) 4. transfer heavy, heavy, heavy, clumsy (about a person, language) // bunk heavy, clumsy, heavy 5. transfer heavy, heavy, painful, depressing (feelings) // bunk hard, painful, depressing, depressing, depressing 6. transfer heavy, hopeless (position)
vyryuch 1. to become heavier, to become heavier, to become burdened, to become heavier, to put on (in weight), to become heavier
avyraytuch 1. make heavy, weigh down, burden, weigh down, aggravate
avyrlashuch see avyray
avyrlyetc pregnant, in position
avyrlyknoun 1. heaviness, weight, load // weight 2. difficulty, difficulty, burden, burden 3. burden, burden, burden
avyrlyklyetc physical weighty
avyrlyksyzetc 1. physical weightless 2. light // bunk easy, no problem
avyrsynch 1. find it difficult, find it difficult 2. be burdened
avyrsynusyzbunk easily, willingly; without objections
avyrsynypbunk reluctantly, reluctantly, reluctantly
avyrttyruch to inflict (cause, cause, cause) pain
avyrttyrypbunk hurt
avyrtulaetc painful
avyrtach 1. get sick, get sick 2. hurt, whine, get sick
avyrch to be sick, to be ill, to fall ill, to fall ill, to fall ill; to be unwell, to be sick
avyrnoun 1. disease, disease, malaise, ailment 2. sick // etc sickly, unhealthy, ill
avyrulyetc sick, unhealthy, ill
avyruchanetc sickly, disease-prone, disease-prone
avyshetc 1. oblique, inclined // bunk obliquely, with an inclination 2. sloping 3. inclined, leaning, slanting, slanting // bunk obliquely, obliquely
avyshlyknoun 1. tilt, slope // sloped 2. slope 3. roll
avishmanoun mat inclined
avyshtyruch 1. tilt, tilt, tilt, tilt, tilt, mow 2. tilt, tilt 3. pull over, pull, tilt, tilt someone to someone's side
abovech 1. lean, lean, lean, squint, squint 2. lean, lean, lean (about a ship, wagon) 3. lean, lean, evade, evade (to the side) 4. lean, lean to someone's side 5. pass, pass, pass, minute (about time) 6. slope
yeahnoun 1. older brother 2. uncle 3. added to male names when respectfully addressed or mentioned
againoun uncle, uncle, courtesy to an older man
agai-enenoun collected 1. relatives, relatives 2. brothers 3. friend, brother
agai-eneleknoun 1. relationship, family relations// related 2. family, clan
agai-enelerchәbunk 1. in a related way 2. in a familiar way
agaltynnoun platinum // platinum
Agali Senelleetc brother and sister
agaly-eneleetc brothers, older brother with younger
agarch flowing, fluid
agarganetc 1. gray-haired, gray-haired 2. pale, pale 3. faded, faded, faded
agarganchybunk white, white
agartkychnoun tech bleach // bleaching, bleaching
agartuchinoun 1. whitewasher 2. enlightener
agarthach 1. whiten, whiten, bleach, bleach 2. clean, clean, clean 3. enlighten, enlighten
agarynch turn pale, turn pale
agarch 1. turn white, turn white, gap 2. turn pale, turn pale 3. lighten, brighten, fade, fade, fade 4. turn gray, turn gray 5. clean, be cleaned
agachnoun 1. tree // wooden; log 2. forest, tree, wood // wood, wood 3. peren block, club, blockhead
agach tobenoun stump
agach khazerlәүnoun logging
agachlanch to become stiff, to become stiff (about plant cells, shoots)
agachlyknoun a plot (area) overgrown with trees; small forest, grove; thickets of trees
agachsyl, agachsyletc woody
agachsymanetc treelike
agentliknoun 1. agency 2. agent occupation
agitatorlyknoun occupation of the agitator
agitationetc propaganda
agitationch campaign, campaign
agrarianetc agrarian
aggregatesnoun aggregator
aggressiveetc aggressive
aggressivelych become (become) aggressive
aggressivelynoun aggressiveness
agu Ich 1. flow, leak, leak, leak 2. flow, drain, drain (from the roof, down the face) 3. flow, flow 4. flow, flow, run 5. flow, crumble 6. swim, swim; flow, flow 7. leak, leak, leak 8. transfer to flow (about time) 9. transfer to melt, swim away, swim away (about money, wealth) 10. transfer to flow (about money, about wealth)
agu IInoun 1. poison, potion, poison 2. agricultural herb 3. peren dope, opium, poison
agu kaitargychnoun antidote (of medicine)
agu utynoun hemlock bot
agulagychch mordant, mordant // mordant, poisonous
agulanuch 1. to be poisoned, poisoned, poisoned 2. to be poisoned, poisoned, infected, infected; to be fooled, to be fooled
agulauch 1. poison, poison 2. agricultural pickle, pickle, pickle
agulauchyetc poison // poisoner
Agulsetc 1. poisonous, venomous 2. feather poisonous, malicious, caustic // bunk poisonous, caustic, maliciously 3. poisoned, infected 4. pickled
agulyliknoun 1. poisonousness 2. infection
agusyzetc non-poisonous, non-poisonous
agyzuch 1. pour, pour, pour, pour, pour 2. pour, pour 3. pour, pour, pour, pour, drain, drain (from one dish to another) 4. draw, draw (water from a column) 5. let, let, lower, lower, drain, drain 6. fuse, fuse, melt, drive, drive; let, let (on water) 7. pour, shed, shed (tears) 8. demolish, demolish, carry away, carry away, carry, carry
agyly: agyly belan tagylyjokel two inseparable friends; do not spill water (do not spill)
agyluch 1. flow, pour (stream) 2. swim, flow 3. transfer flow, pour, spill (about music, melody) 4. go, move, pass, bring down (stream, crowd, mass, shaft) 5. flock (crowd) , mass) where; retreat, fall off, roll off (stream, crowd) from where
agymnoun 1. flow, flow // flow 2. jet, trickle, flow (of liquids, air) 3. flow, direction 4. flow (in production) // flow, conveyor
agymdagyetc current (repair, events)
agyntsnoun 1. flow; puddle, puddle 2. drip, streaks 3. jet, trickle // jet
agyshnoun 1. flow (of a river, life) 2. change course, flow (of events, thoughts)
adashnoun namesake
adashkanetc misguided, misguided
adashtyruch 1. knock down (knock down) off the road 2. lead (take, lead) to an unknown place 3. change to mislead (mislead)
adashch 1. get lost (in the forest) 2. wander, stray
adamnoun 1. human // human 2. myth Adam
adam aktygy (kaldygy)noun degenerate, scoundrel, unfortunate person
adam balasynoun human, human child
adamietc folk, human
adamchabunk humanly // human, human
addresslanch 1. addressed, directed, sent to someone (letter, package) 2. addressed, intended for someone (criticism, remark)
addresslauch 1. address, direct, direct 2. address, allocate to someone
addressesetc with an address, addressed
addresses frometc unaddressed
Adyghenoun Adyghe // Adyghe
Adyghe Khatyns (Kyzy) Adyghe
Adygeibunk in Adyghe, in the Adyghe language // Adyghe
adymnoun 1. step 2. gait, step, gait 3. swing (in animals when running) 4. change action, step 5. change shift, step, stage, stage
adymlauch 1. measure (measure, measure) in steps
adymlyetc 1. quick (about a person) 2. trotting, wide-spread (about animals)
aeketc 1. sober 2. sober, healthy // sober
aektusknoun 1. sobriety, sobriety 2. change health, sobriety
villagenoun 1. girth // girth 2. buckle, fastener // buckle
airatabunk see aerucha
aergysyzetc 1. inseparable, inseparable, inseparable // inseparable, inseparable 2. inseparable, inseparable 3. indistinguishable, indistinguishable (type, image)
aergych Inoun 1. separator // separator (card) 2. separator
aergych IInoun ling definition
aermanoun 1. difference; difference; difference 2. divergence 3. fork, crossroads 4. mat difference
aermalsetc 1. different, different, excellent, different, having a difference 2. difference mat
ayermalyknoun see aerma 1, 2
aermastanbunk without distinction, without distinction
aermasyzetc 1. having no difference 2. the same
aermachykbunk very clear, crisp and clear; exactly, definitely
aermychabunk wholesale, wholesale, without sorting
aertach 1. forced from aeru 2. skip, skip, separate (milk): aertkan sot obrat
aeruch 1. divide, divide, divide, divide, split, smash, dismember, dismember 2. disassemble, disassemble, sort, sort 3. push apart, push apart 4. disconnect, disconnect, separate, separate, dismember, dismember 5. breed, breed, separate, separate, separate, separate 6. separate, separate, isolate, isolate, single out, highlight 7. separate, separate, isolate; excommunicate, excommunicate 8. distinguish, distinguish, distinguish, distinguish, highlight, highlight 9. take away, take away (a child from the breast) 10. breed, breed (spouses) 11. separate 12. swarm, stand out (about bees) 13. tear off , tear off, divert, divert
aeruchabunk 1. especially, especially, most 2. with special (special, exceptional) 3. introductory sl in particular, especially
aerchanoun 1. bifurcation, fork 2. lobe bot // petal 3. lobe bot
aerchalyetc 1. forked, forked 2. bladed bot
aeraetc see aerim 1; aer toyaklarylar hoofed animals
airlgasyzetc cm aergysyz 1.2
airmassetc 1. inseparable, integral 2. inseparable, bosom
aerilmaslyketc see airmass
aerylmychabunk without interruption
ayrilmyshnoun ling defined
airluch 1. to divide, to divide, to subdivide, to subdivide, to dismember, to dismember 2. to understand. sorted out, sorted out 3. move apart, move apart, divorce; divorce 4. disconnect, disconnect, separate, separate, separate 5. separate, separate, separate, separate, separate, separate 6. separate, separate, part, separate 7. fight back, fight off, separate, separate , separate, stand out, stand out 9. delimit, delimit 10. differ, distinguish, differ; stand out, stand out by what, for what; differ in what, in what 11. get divorced, divorce (with a husband, with a wife) 12. swarm, swarm (about bees) 13 feathers
aerylyshuch 1. disperse, disperse, disperse, disperse, miss each other 2. disperse, disperse 3. separate, disperse 4. divorce, divorce; dissolve (annul) a marriage
aerimetc 1. separate, separate // separately, separately 2. single, private, separate 3. sole 4. isolated // isolated, apart 5. special // especially
aerim-aerimbunk 1. separately, separately, separately 2. randomly, one by one
aerimlanuch 1. separate, separate, separate, separate 2. dissociate, dissociate, dissociate; dissociate 3. ling separate
aerymlyknoun difference, distinction, difference
aerepbunk separately, separately
aerep algandaintroductory sl in particular
azhgyrynch see azhgyru
azhgyruch to rage, to rage, to be in a state of extreme rage
azhdahanoun myth 1. azhdaha, dragon, serpent 2. peren fiend, blood drinker
openworketc openwork
aҗagannoun lightning
azbunk 1. little, a little; slightly // small, small, insignificant 2. not enough 3. little, not for long 4. in the syllable, the sl is translated by the component little-, a little- (az sanly is a small number, az suzle is laconic, taciturn)
azagynachabunk to end
azaergach 1. decrease, decrease, decrease, decrease, grow thin 2. decrease, decrease, decrease
azlapbunk see az-azlap 1.2
az-azlapbunk 1. little by little, little by little 2. in parts 3. gradually
azaituch 1. reduce, reduce, reduce, reduce 2. reduce, reduce
Azaknoun 1. end, ending, ending 2. outcome, final
Azakkachabunk to end
azaccaetc 1. last 2. final
Azactabunk at the end, in the end, finally
azaktagsetc last, final
Azaktanbunk 1. after, then, subsequently 2. last, last
azamatetc folk valiant, courageous, brave, courageous, courageous // good fellow, daring
Azapnoun 1. flour, torment, torment 2. ordeal, suffering, adversity
azaplanuch 1. suffer, suffer, suffer, toil; torment 2. mess around 3. try, struggle, push
azaplauch to torment, to torment, to torment, to torment, to torment
Azaplyetc painful, exhausting, depressing, difficult, difficult
azaplyk: azaplyk belәncm. azap belan
azapsyzetc 1. easy, hassle-free, easy // easy, without difficulty 2. carefree, serene, without suffering // serene, without worries and worries
azatetc free, free; independent // freely, freely, independently
Azat ituch 1. release, release, deliver; release 2. dismiss
Azat itchenoun liberator
Azatlyknoun freedom, will, liberty // liberation
Azau: Azau Tesh molar
Azgabunk 1. not for long, for short term 2. a little bit
azgynetc 1. spoiled, immoral, unbridled, riotous, dissolute, licentious
azgynlanuch see azu
azgynlyknoun 1. spoiledness, immorality, unbridledness, licentiousness, dissoluteness 2. depravity, depravity, debauchery, lasciviousness, lust
Azdyruch 1. spoil, condone; unbridle, unbridle; give (allow) unbridled, unleash 2. corrupt, corrupt, seduce, seduce, corrupt, corrupt 3. run, run (illness) 4. irritate, irritate (wound)
asiyalenoun Asian
azlyknoun 1. insufficiency, lack; paucity, paucity 2. paucity
az-mazetc small, insignificant; some // little by little, little by little, little by little
az-mazlapbunk see az-azlap 1.2
Azmannoun 1. biol bastard, mix 2. etc unbridled, dissolute, self-willed
azmanliknoun see azgynlyk
azmy-kupmebunk 1. more or less 2. several, a certain amount; a little, some
azotylsetc 1. nitrogenous, nitrogenous
Azsynuch consider insufficient (quantitatively), dissatisfied (quantitatively)
azuch 1. to be spoiled, to loosen up, to be unbridled, to be unbridled, to unravel, to be dissolved 2. to be corrupted, to be depraved, to be seduced, to be seduced, to be corrupted, to be corrupted 3. to be launched, to be neglected (about illness); to be irritated, to be irritated (of a wound)
azchyliknoun minority, lesser part // smaller, small
languagenoun 1. food, food // food 2. food, products; provisions, provisions // food, grocery 3. feed // feed
azyklan ch feed, feed, feed, feed
azyclatabunk products, in kind, food
azyklyketc 1. food 2. feed (forage)
azykzyzlyknoun starvation
azyktamyrnoun root vegetable
azyk-töleknoun food, groceries, provisions // food, grocery
azyndirch see Azdyru
azuch 1. to be mischievous, to act outrageously, to rage, to rage; to debauch 2. to debauch, to debauch
Azerbaijaninoun Azerbaijani // Azeri
azәrbaiҗan khatyny (kyzy)noun Azerbaijani
Azarbaiyanchabunk in Azerbaijani // Azerbaijani
ahnoun 1. moon // lunar 2. month
aibaltanoun axe, berdysh
aibalyknoun moon fish
ah wai 1.intl oh oh oh 2. noun ah-ah
ah wailauch 1. show (show) dissatisfaction (anxiety, severe annoyance, regret) 2. heart-rendingly scream, gasp and groan
aigyrnoun stallion // stallion
aikala-chaikalabunk waddling, staggering
aikaldyruch 1. greatly excite (swing, swing, toss)
aikaluch 1. to worry a lot (to swing, to sway) 2. to get excited, to alarm, to alarm 3. to hang out, push, loiter (interfering with others)

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Tatar alphabet|Tatar letters

The Tatar alphabet consists of 39 letters.

Familiarization and practical tasks for a child.

A a Ә ә B b C c D d E e Ё ё F f Җ җ Z I i J y K k L l M m N Ң ң O o Ө ө P p R r S s T t U y Y Y F X X X Y Y Z Z H H W W W Y Y Y L

It includes 33 letters of the Russian alphabet and 6 additional letters: Ә ә, Ө ө, Ү ү, Җ җ, Ң ң, Һ һ
This order letters in the alphabet was fixed in January 1997 by the Decree of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Sounds indicated by additional letters of the Tatar alphabet

Ә ә, Ө ө, Ү ү, Җ җ, Ң ң, Һ һ

[ә] = [æ] - this sound can otherwise be denoted as [''a], that is, very soft [a]. It is close to Russian ['a] in the words 'sit', 'look', 'row'. When pronouncing [''a], lower the tip of the tongue to the lower teeth, and you will get the sound [æ].

ani - mother

ati - dad

aida - aida

aiber - a thing

[ү] = [ü] - soft and more rounded ['y]. A sound close to it is found in the Russian words ‘bale’, ‘ditch’, ‘lute’. Say these words, giving ['u] even more rounding (curl your lips into a tube), and you will approximately get the sound you are looking for.

urdak - duck

үrnk sample

uzem - myself

uzek - center

[ө] = [ә:°] - this vowel is the most difficult for the Russian-speaking reader. The closest variant of the Tatar [ө] can be found in the words ‘maple’, ‘honey’, ‘Peter’. But in the Tatar language [ө] is short, and Russian [’o] is found only under stress. Try to pronounce these Russian words as shortly as possible and with more rounding, and you will be close to the desired sound. It looks like a common sound in English: bird, work. But the English sound lacks roundness.

өс - top

өstәl - table

[җ] - this sound is also often found in English, and in borrowings from English in Russian it is transmitted by the letter combination j: 'jumper', 'Jack'. Tatar borrowings are also drawn up: dzhilyan - җilәn, Jalil - Җәlil. The sound [zh] in Russian is always hard, but it is usually not difficult for a Russian-speaking reader to form a soft version from it. It should be noted that the hard [zh] is also uncharacteristic for the Tatar language, as ['zh] is for Russian. Therefore, mixing of these sounds, as a rule, does not occur.

qavap - answer

җan - soul

Yil - wind

җyr - song

[ң] - a nasal sound formed with the help of a small tongue. The closest in Russian can be considered the sound combination [ng] in the word ‘gong’ when pronouncing it through the nose. This sound is often found in French: jardin, bien, chien [òjeŋ]. It has been noticed that mastering this sound with the help of a consultant teacher is not at all difficult. And if you have the opportunity to check your pronunciation, do not neglect this opportunity.

yana - new

u - right

yangyr - rain

mon - chant

[h] = [h] - pharyngeal sound. It is formed in the pharynx and pronounced with a breath. There is a sound close to it in English: hat, hand, hare. In Russian, the closest sound can be considered [x] in the words robe, chill, if you pronounce it without a guttural overtone. It must be remembered that the Tatar [һ] is of more posterior, pharyngeal origin.

hava - air

һәykәl - a monument

һөnәr - profession

һөҗүm - attack

Lessons. Pronunciation of letters

Tatar alphabet spell with pronunciation

Tatar writing - writing of the Tatar language. AT different time used different systems letters:
Arabic script - until 1927; a few Tatars of China still use the Arabic script
Latin - in 1927-1939; attempts were made to revive the Latin alphabet at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries; Tatars of Turkey, Finland, Czech Republic, Poland, USA and Australia use the Tatar Latin alphabet at present
Cyrillic - from 1939 to the present; baptized Tatars have been using the Cyrillic alphabet since the 19th century.

State Council Republic of Tatarstan adopted the law 1-ZRT "On the use of the Tatar language as state language Republic of Tatarstan” (December 24, 2012.)
According to the law, the Cyrillic alphabet remains the official alphabet, however, the use of Latin and Arabic alphabets when citizens apply to government bodies and Latin alphabets for transliteration has become acceptable. In official responses government agencies the Cyrillic alphabet is used, however, the possibility of duplicating the Cyrillic text in Latin or Arabic is provided.
The correspondence of Cyrillic letters to Latin and Arabic letters is specified in the appendix to the law.

It is human nature to express their emotions out loud. To this end, many swear words and expressions have been created and interpreted in all languages of the world. The Tatars were no exception and came up with their own, unique Tatar curses.

Bizarre "basurman" expressions

The etymology goes far into the past. What is considered obscene and condemned today was once used in pagan rites. The designation of male and female genital organs had sacred meaning, personified fertility, which means the prosperity of all things. Over time, these words changed their function and began to be used as basic curses with many forms and declensions.

Tatar swear words are closely related to Russian profanity. The main words here are also the names of the reproductive organs. There is an opinion that the Russian language is rich in obscene language. Tatar is not left behind. In his arsenal there is a huge number of words and speech turns that form original curses in the Tatar language.

Tatar profanity

How exactly does obscene language sound in Tatar? This list is varied, but among them are the most popular curses in the Tatar language with translation. Most of them are rude and obscene, so their Russian counterparts will be given in a slightly lighter version.

Swear words in Tatar

Here is their extensive list.

Kut segesh - an extreme degree of fatigue after a long and tedious work.
Engre betek is a stupid person.
Cheesecake! - Don't get on my nerves, don't "make" my brain!
Avyzygyzga tekerep siim - usually pronounced when nothing works out and it seems that life is going downhill.
Avyzny yab! - Shut up!
Kyup suz - bug suz - it is better to remain silent than to offend someone severely.
Chukyngan, zhyafa - a narrow-minded, stupid, stupid person. Initially, the word "chukyngan" was translated as "baptized", later it began to be used as an insult.
Duane is an idiot.
Bashhead is a reckless person who does not think about the consequences of his actions.
Pinuk chite is a softened curse, literally it can be translated as "stupid".
Enenen kute - similar to the Russian "pancake".
Minem bot arasynda suyr ele - is used as a rude refusal of a request when one does not want to fulfill it or is too lazy to fulfill it.
Kutak bash is a swear word that has several meanings. Usually used when they want to get rid of a person or simply send him "to the bath."
Uram seberkese, kentey koerygy, fahishya - a girl of easy virtue, a harlot, " moth».
Kut - the designation of the "fifth point".
Pitak, plague, byatyak - the designation of the female genital organ.
Segesh, haryaschiryabyz - to have sex.
Segep vatu - rowdy, destroy everything in its path.
Segep aldau - to deceive, to fool.
Kutak syrlau - to masturbate.
Sekterergy - to laugh, to mock at someone.
Kutagymamy - used as obscene language interrogative pronoun(why, for what reason?).
Kutagym - used as introductory word, interjection or exclamation.
Secten! - You got it already!
Kutyak baaish, Kutakka bar ele! - Go "to the bathhouse", "to hell"!
Amaves is a sick man in his head.
Kutlyak is a female dog.
Kutak is the male reproductive organ.
Segelme! - Do not lie!
Kutaklashu is an expression of sincere and genuine surprise.
Segten inde mine, ychkyn mynan kutakka! - You got me, go to all four sides!
Ekarny Babai is a grandfather with an unhealthy attraction to small children.

Close interweaving of two languages

Russian and always closely coexisted with each other and borrowed words from each other. In the twentieth century, some linguists even formed the opinion that Tatar curses (or rather, Tatar-Mongolian) became the source for Russian obscene language. Today, many experts recognize this version as erroneous, since the Russian mat has pronounced Slavic roots. However, the Russian language nevertheless borrowed some expressions, for example, such a common expression as “ekar babai”. Other Tatar curse words with translation from the list above are used only by native speakers.

Cursing in Tatar in Russia

The Republic of Tatarstan is part of Russian Federation, and the Tatars have long begun to consider themselves true Russians. Most of the population of the region speaks and swears in Russian. Some native Tatars in Everyday life they mix two languages, aptly diluting their speech with biting Russian obscenities. Purely Tatar is spoken and cursed only in small villages, whose inhabitants do not speak Russian well or do not know it at all, for example, some elderly people.

Despite their dubious popularity, Tatar curses remain part of the national language, giving it a peculiar flavor and distinguishing it from many other languages spoken on the territory of a vast country.