Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members. Punctuation marks for homogeneous members of a sentence with and without conjunctions Homogeneous members with generalizing words

There are a lot of lakes in the meadows. Their names are strange and varied: Tish, Byk, Hotets, Promoina, Kanava, Staritsa, Muzga, Bobrovka, Selyanskoe Lake and, finally, Lombardskoe.

At the bottom of Hotz lie black bog oaks. There is always a lull in Silence. High banks protect the lake from the winds. There were once beavers in Bobrovka, but now they are chasing young shelesper. Promoina is a deep lake with such capricious fish that only a very skilled person can catch it. good nerves. Bull is a mysterious, distant lake, stretching for many kilometers. In it, shoals give way to whirlpools, but there is little shade on the banks, and therefore we avoid it. There are amazing golden tench in Kanava: each tench bites for half an hour. By autumn, the banks of the Ditch are covered with purple spots, but not from autumn foliage, but from the abundance of very large berries rosehip.

On Staritsa, along the banks there are sand dunes overgrown with Chernobyl grass and string. Grass grows on the dunes; it is called grass. These are dense gray-green balls, similar to a tightly closed rose. If you take such a ball out of the sand and place it with its roots up, it begins to slowly toss and turn, like a beetle turned over on its back, straightens its petals on one side, rests on them and turns over again with its roots towards the ground.

In Muzga the depth reaches twenty meters. Flocks of cranes rest on the banks of the Muzga during the autumn migration. Selyanskoye Lake is all overgrown with black kuga. Hundreds of ducks nest in it.

How names stick! In the meadows near Staritsa there is a small nameless lake. We named it Lombard in honor of the bearded watchman - “Langobard”. He lived on the shore of a lake in a hut, guarding cabbage gardens. And a year later, to our surprise, the name stuck, but the collective farmers remade it in their own way and began to call this lake Ambarsky.

The variety of grasses in the meadows is unheard of. The unmown meadows are so fragrant that, out of habit, your head becomes foggy and heavy. Dense, tall thickets of chamomile, chicory, clover, wild dill, cloves, coltsfoot, dandelions, gentian, plantain, bluebells, buttercups and dozens of other flowering herbs stretch for kilometers. Meadow strawberries are ripening in the grass before mowing.

Solotcha is located 25 km from Ryazan. You need to leave the city along Yesenin Street. The only thing, car travelers, be aware that the section of Yesenin Street from Teatralnaya Square is one-way. This means that instead of directly and quickly leaving the city for Solotcha, you need to spend time driving around side and unclear streets. The road to Solotcha is good.

To understand what Solotcha is, it would be good to fly up and look at it from top to bottom. And see below you the blue thread of the river and the sea of pine caps. This is for those who have developed spatial imagination.

For those who perceive the world more through their senses, it is better to imagine how pine trunks smell in the sun. How the rustling blows of pine cones sound on the springy mossy-grass coat of the earth or on your hair. How huge thickets of lilies of the valley hug the feet of pine giants. How clouds of strawberry flowers smile at the sun through dry pine needles. Or better yet, jump on your bike and tear through the enveloping pine air with speed. Or simply fill yourself with it from head to toe while slowly floating on a walk along the winding stitch-paths. Or you can, in shorts and swimsuits, carefreely rush somewhere into the depths of the countless pine trees - there is a cool river, and even dunes, and you can see the tangled roots of pine trees growing on a high bank-cliff. Sanatoriums and rest houses are hidden in the Solotchinsky forests.

For those who love facts, here is the information: Solotcha is the land of the vast forests of Meshchera. (In the word “Meshchera” the stress is on the last syllable). Since ancient times, Meshchera was divided between three principalities into Moscow, Vladimir and Ryazan. Swamps - mshars - stretch for kilometers. And the forests of Meshchera are dense, dense and mysterious. They say there are places where time stops...

We are coming here to see the Solotchinsky Convent, which, if described in one word, would be warmth. If several, then I’ll add - silence and joy. The monastery is located right in the center of Solotcha. Solotcha is a very small town. It could be called a large village, but this is hampered by the central concreted square, still headed by Ilyich, with stunted, unkempt plantings in the flower beds. The gaze of the statue penetrates the monastery wall. We parked. We entered.

Solotchinsky Monastery - founded 10 years after the Battle of Kulikovo (in 1390) by Prince Oleg Ryazansky. Here he took monastic vows and schema, and after another 12 years (in 1402) he found his final resting place. For some reason, I often come across discrepancies - in one place they write that the Pokrovsky Monastery (in the name of the Intercession Holy Mother of God), in the other, that - Nativity of the Theotokos (in the name of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary). I couldn't find any details. Apparently, when was his re-consecration.

The first church of the monastery, erected under Prince Oleg, was indeed Pokrovsky, stood on the banks of the Oka, and later the tomb of Prince Oleg (in the schema of Joachim) and his wife Princess Euphrosyne (in the monasticism of Eupraxia) was installed in it.

In the 16th century built a beautiful white stone Nativity Cathedral (in the center). His style is Old Russian.

In the 17th century being completed Spiritual Church(in the name of the Holy Spirit) with the Refectory(left), Holy Gate with the Gate Baptist Church(in the name of John the Baptist) , as well as the Bell Tower and cells(left). Builder: Yakov Bukhvostov. Style: Naryshkin Baroque. Decorating with tiles is Stepan Polubes (if not himself, then his workshop). Particularly beautiful tiled figures of the four evangelists are located on the gate church.

In the 18th century sandy shore landslide, along with a fragment ( NW corner) monastery. The river bank was strengthened, and the princely relics were transferred to the Nativity Cathedral.

The territory of the monastery is quite large, with a minimum of asphalt paths (in my opinion, only one). Throughout the rest of the space there is velvety low grass, trees and behind the fence there are flower beds and beds of nuns. There is also a booth offering fresh cottage cheese and milk. The ancient Nativity Cathedral is closed. We just walked around it. The entrance to the Spiritual Church is decorated with birch trees - Trinity was recently celebrated. My husband stayed to photograph the tiles on the snow-white walls of the church; I climbed the wooden steps and went inside. The main feeling is comfort, sun rays pushed the walls of the already large volume internal space. The nuns went about their business without paying too much attention to me. I lit the candles and suddenly saw the image of the Virgin Mary, which almost brought tears to my eyes. She held the child's hand to her lips. Such a maternal gesture - as if kissing her. And this completely led away from the canons. First you see the mother and baby, then you only realize that it is the Virgin Mary and baby Jesus. I asked what this icon was called. - “Comforter” - they answered me. It's on the right. On the left, two also attracted attention unusual images Mother of God. One is snow-white, decorated with pearls - “Vladimirskaya”. Nearby there is a very dark face, shimmering with gold - “Iverskaya”.

We walked around the church a little more. The territory of the monastery still requires and requires labor. There were few tourists besides us. Then they asked an elderly nun where the monument to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was located, which is a copy of the sculpture in Demre (Myra Lycia) - the Turkish city where the saint was born. It turned out that it was not here, that is, not in the monastery. Necessary behind the square get out onto the road and drive a little. This is the village part of Solotcha. On this street on the right we saw a carved house with a mezzanine - Museum of Professor Ivan Petrovich Pozhalostin(1837-1909, 72 years old) famous copper engraver. It’s a mistake to think that you don’t know him - remember the classic black and white portrait of Nekrasov, http://www.artsait.ru/art/p/pojalostin/main.htm is the work of Pozhalostin, who was called “an outstanding master of classical engraving.” With this method of engraving, the master cuts out strokes on a copper plate with an obliquely sharpened steel gravel (cutter) or “creates an image by combinations of parallel and intersecting lines and dots.” And when printing, he fills them with paint. Rembrandt in Holland, Goya in Spain - they were also engravers. Pozhalostin created about 70 engraved portraits that “brought to us the appearance of the best people of the 19th century.” But the unequal competition of engraving with cheaper methods of artistic reproduction led to the elimination of this direction at the Imperial Academy of Arts and the artist’s exile. He left St. Petersburg for his native Solotcha. We did not go to his Museum (Poryadok St., 76, http://www.museum.ru/M1593) for two reasons - due to lack of time and due to reviews from people who visited there, and called the exhibition “very meager” . (You can read about Pozhalostin and look at his portrait here http://ryazhsk.ru/content/view/25/).

We drove a little further and stopped at a bright blue Church in honor of the Kazan Mother of God. Here among the bright flower beds stands monument to Nicholas the Wonderworker- a figure with arms raised up on the globe. One sculpture is located in hot Turkey in the city of Demre. The second, its copy, is in Russia, in Ryazan Solotcha. Placed here in 2006. Sculptor - Raisa Lysenina. To the question “Why here in Ryazan and why a copy?” - the answer is this: in the Turkish homeland, this monument to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker used to stand in the center of the city, and then for some reason it was dismantled and moved closer to the ruins of the temple where the saint served. Moreover, without the globe, which the Turks “lost” somewhere... For some reason, Santa Claus now stands in its former place... Therefore, it was here on Ryazan soil that people made the decision - to recreate a copy of it and install it again...

“...The Lord speaks from the throne, slightly opening the window to heaven: “O my faithful servant, Mikola, go around the Russian region. Protect the people there, torn by grief in black troubles. Pray with him for victories and for their poor comfort." S. Yesenin

The day was approaching the middle and we wanted to satisfy not only our curiosity, but also our urgent hunger. There weren't many options, or rather just two roadside ones cafe which we saw on the way to Solotcha. One on the right, the other on the left. Preference was given to the second option, called "Lesnoye" which was right in pine forest. IN literally. One pine tree even grew from the roof (apparently, they decided to leave it, not cut it down, and thus built it into the room). I would also like to note that the pine forest in Solotch is a wow forest - this high, this wide. Ship's! It is not for nothing that Solotcha is called the “gate to Meshchera”; Meshchera forests have always been an image of a dense, dense, impenetrable forest. So we immediately decided that we would sit in the air. We walked around the cafe on the left and chose a cozy wooden table under an umbrella. While we were waiting for our order, we took a short walk through the forest, among the pine trees. Beauty! I was shocked by the huge lily of the valley plantations that spread out like an even carpet under the pine trunks. What blooms and smells fragrant here in the spring is probably called lily of the valley paradise. The pines creaked and grumbled, the wind got stuck in their tenacious needles and, breaking free, offendedly tore round cones from the pine curls and threw them down. Everything we ordered was delicious (okroshka, shish kebab, salads), although the service was very slow. The main thing here is to enjoy the grace of pine.

FORESTS
Meshchera is the remnant of the forest ocean. Meshchera forests are as majestic as cathedrals. Even an old professor, not at all inclined to poetry, wrote the following words in a study about the Meshchera region: “Here in the mighty pine forests it is so light that a bird flying hundreds of steps into the depths can be seen.”
You walk through dry pine forests as if you were walking on a deep, expensive carpet; for kilometers the ground is covered with dry, soft moss. In the gaps between the pines lies oblique cuts sunlight. Flocks of birds scatter to the sides whistling and making light noise.
The forests rustle in the wind. The hum passes through the tops of the pines like waves. A lone plane, floating at a dizzying height, seems like a destroyer observed from the bottom of the sea.
Powerful air currents are visible to the naked eye. They rise from the ground to the sky. The clouds melt while standing still. The dry breath of the forests and the smell of juniper must also reach the planes.
In addition to pine forests, mast and ship forests, there are forests of spruce, birch and rare patches of broad-leaved linden, elm and oak. There are no roads in oak copses. They are impassable and dangerous because of ants. On a hot day, it is almost impossible to pass through an oak thicket: in a minute your entire body, from your heels to your head, will be covered with angry red ants. strong jaws. Harmless antbears roam in the oak thickets. They pick up old stumps and lick ant eggs.
The forests in Meshchera are robber-like and deaf. There is no greater relaxation and pleasure than walking all day through these forests, along unfamiliar roads to some distant lake.
The path in the forests is kilometers of silence and windlessness. This is a mushroom prel, the careful flitting of birds. These are sticky butternuts covered with pine needles, coarse grass, cold porcini mushrooms, strawberries, purple bells in the meadows, trembling aspen leaves, solemn light and, finally, forest twilight, when dampness emanates from the mosses and fireflies burn in the grass.
The sunset glows heavily on the treetops, gilding them with ancient gilding. Below, at the foot of the pines, it is already dark and dull. Bats fly silently and seem to look into your face. Some incomprehensible sound is heard in the forests - the sound of the evening, the end of the day.
And in the evening the lake will finally sparkle, like a black, askew mirror. The night is already standing over him and looking into his dark water - night, full of stars. In the west, the dawn is still smoldering, a bittern is screaming in the thickets of wolf berries, and cranes are muttering and looking around on the moss, disturbed by the smoke of the fire.
All night long the fire flares up and then goes out. The foliage of the birch trees hangs motionless. Dew flows down the white trunks. And you can hear how somewhere very far away - it seems, beyond the edge of the earth - an old rooster crows hoarsely in the forester's hut.
In an extraordinary, never-heard-of silence, dawn arises. The sky in the east is turning green. Venus lights up with blue crystal at dawn. This is the best time of day. Still asleep. The water is sleeping, the water lilies are sleeping, the fish are sleeping with their noses buried in snags, the birds are sleeping, and only the owls are flying around the fire slowly and silently, like clumps of white fluff.
The pot is angry and mutters on the fire. For some reason, we speak in a whisper, afraid of scaring away the dawn. Heavy ducks rush by with a tin whistle. The fog begins to swirl over the water. We pile mountains of branches into the fire and watch the huge white sun rise - the sun of the endless summer day.
So we live in a tent on forest lakes for several days. Our hands smell of smoke and lingonberries - this smell does not disappear for weeks. We sleep two hours a day and hardly feel tired. Two or three hours of sleep in the forests must be worth many hours of sleep in the stuffiness of city houses, in the stale air of asphalt streets.
Once we spent the night on Black Lake, in tall thickets, near a large pile of old brushwood.
We took a rubber inflatable boat with us and at dawn we went beyond the edge of the coastal water lilies to fish. Decayed leaves lay in a thick layer at the bottom of the lake, and driftwood floated in the water.
Suddenly, at the very side of the boat, a huge humpbacked back of a black fish with a sharp, like kitchen knife, dorsal fin. The fish dived and passed under the rubber boat. The boat rocked. The fish surfaced again. It must have been a giant pike. She could hit a rubber boat with a feather and rip it open like a razor.
I hit the water with my oar. In response, the fish lashed its tail with terrible force and again passed right under the boat. We stopped fishing and began rowing towards the shore, towards our bivouac. The fish kept walking next to the boat.
We drove into the coastal thickets of water lilies and were preparing to land, but at that time a shrill yelp and a trembling, heart-grabbing howl were heard from the shore. Where we launched the boat, on the shore, on the trampled grass, a she-wolf with three cubs stood with her tail between her legs and howled, raising her muzzle to the sky. She howled long and boringly; the cubs squealed and hid behind their mother. The black fish again passed right next to the side and hooked its feather on the oar.
I threw a heavy lead sinker at the wolf. She jumped back and trotted away from the shore. And we saw how she crawled with the wolf cubs into a round hole in a pile of brushwood not far from our tent.
We landed, made a fuss, drove the she-wolf out of the brushwood and moved the bivouac to another place.
Black Lake is named after the color of the water. The water there is black and clear.
In Meshchera, almost all lakes have water different colors. Most lakes have black water. In other lakes (for example, in Chernenkoe) the water resembles shiny mascara. It is difficult to imagine this rich, dense color without seeing it. And at the same time, the water in this lake, as well as in Chernoe, is completely transparent.
This color is especially beautiful in the fall, when yellow and red leaves of birch and aspens fly to the black water. They cover the water so thickly that the boat rustles through the leaves and leaves behind a shiny black road.
But this color is also good in summer, when white lilies lie on the water, as if on extraordinary glass. Black water has an excellent reflection property: it is difficult to distinguish real shores from reflected ones, real thickets from their reflection in the water.
In Lake Urzhenskoe the water is purple, in Segden it is yellowish, in the Great Lake it is pewter in color, and in the lakes beyond Proy it is slightly bluish. In meadow lakes, the water is clear in summer, and in autumn it takes on a greenish sea color and even a smell. sea water.
But most lakes are still black. Old people say that the blackness is caused by the fact that the bottom of the lakes is covered with a thick layer of fallen leaves. Brown foliage produces a dark infusion. But this is not entirely true. The color is explained by the peat bottom of the lakes - the older the peat, the darker the water.
I mentioned the Meshchera boats. They are similar to Polynesian pies. They are hollowed out from one piece of wood. Only on the bow and stern they are riveted with forged nails with large heads.
The canoe is very narrow, light, agile, and can be used to navigate the smallest channels.
MEADOWS
Between the forests and the Oka River stretch a wide belt of water meadows.
At dusk, the meadows look like the sea. As if on the sea, the sun sets on the grass, and the signal lights burn like beacons on the banks of the Oka. Just as in the sea, fresh winds blow over the meadows, and the high sky has overturned into a pale green bowl.
In the meadows the old riverbed of the Oka stretches for many kilometers. His name is Prorva.
This is a dead, deep and still river with steep banks. The banks are overgrown with tall, old, three-girth sedges, hundred-year-old willows, rose hips, umbrella grasses and blackberries.
We called one reach on this river “Fantastic Prorva”, because nowhere and none of us have seen such huge, twice the height of a man, burdocks, blue thorns, such tall lungwort and horse sorrel and such gigantic puffball mushrooms as on this Ples.
The density of the grass in other places on Prorva is such that it is impossible to land ashore from a boat - the grass stands like an impenetrable elastic wall. They push people away. The grasses are intertwined with treacherous blackberry loops and hundreds of dangerous and sharp snares.
There is often a slight haze over Prorva. Its color changes depending on the time of day. In the morning there is a blue fog, in the afternoon there is a whitish haze, and only at dusk the air over Prorva becomes transparent, like spring water. The foliage of the sedges barely trembles, pink from the sunset, and the Prorvina pikes beat loudly in the pools.
In the mornings, when you can’t walk ten steps on the grass without getting completely wet from the dew, the air on Prorva smells of bitter willow bark, grassy freshness, and sedge. It is thick, cool and healing.
Every autumn I spend many days in a tent on Prorva. To get a vague idea of what Prorva is, you should describe at least one Prorva day. I come to Prorva by boat. I have with me a tent, an axe, a lantern, a backpack with food, a sapper's shovel, some dishes, tobacco, matches and fishing equipment: fishing rods, donks, saddles, girders and, most importantly, a jar of underleaf worms. I collect them in the old garden under heaps of fallen leaves.
On Prorva I already have my favorite places, always very remote. One of them is a sharp turn in the river, where it spills into a small lake with very high banks overgrown with vines.
There I pitch a tent. But first of all, I haul hay. Yes, I confess, I drag hay from the nearest stack, I drag it very deftly, so that even the most experienced eye of an old collective farmer will not notice any flaw in the stack. I put the hay under the tarpaulin floor of the tent. Then when I leave, I take it back.
The tent must be stretched so that it hums like a drum. Then you need to dig it in so that when it rains, water flows into the ditches on the sides of the tent and does not wet the floor.
The tent is set up. It is warm and dry. Flashlight " bat" hangs on a hook. In the evening I light it and even read in the tent, but I usually don’t read for long - there is too much interference on Prorva: either a corncrake will start screaming behind a nearby bush, then a pound of fish will strike with a cannon roar, then a willow twig will shoot deafeningly in the fire and will scatter sparks, then a crimson glow will begin to flare up over the thickets and the gloomy moon will rise over the expanses of the evening earth. And immediately the corncrakes will subside and the bittern will cease to hum in the swamps; the moon will rise in wary silence. She appears as the ruler of these dark waters, hundred-year-old willows. mysterious long nights.
Tents of black willows hang overhead. Looking at them, you begin to understand the meaning of old words. Obviously, such tents in former times were called “canopy”. Under the shade of willows...
And for some reason on such nights you call the constellation Orion Stozhari, and the word “midnight”, which in the city sounds, perhaps, like a literary concept, takes on real meaning here. This darkness under the willows, and the shine of the September stars, and the bitterness of the air, and the distant fire in the meadows where the boys guard the horses driven into the night - all this is midnight. Somewhere far away, a watchman is chiming the clock on a village bell tower. He strikes for a long time, approximately twelve strokes. Then again dark silence. Only occasionally on the Oka will a tugboat scream in a sleepy voice.
The night drags on slowly; there seems to be no end to it. Sleep in autumn nights strong and fresh in the tent, despite the fact that you wake up every two hours and go out to look at the sky - to find out if Sirius has risen, if the streak of dawn is visible in the east.
The night is getting colder with each passing hour. By dawn, the air already burns your face with a slight frost, the tent flaps, covered with a thick layer of crisp frost, sag slightly, and the grass turns gray from the first matinee.
It's time to get up. In the east, the dawn is already filling with a quiet light, the huge outlines of willows are already visible in the sky, the stars are already dimming. I go down to the river and wash myself from the boat. The water is warm, it even seems slightly heated.
The sun is rising. The frost is melting. The coastal sands become dark with dew.
I boil strong tea in a smoky tin kettle. Hard soot is similar to enamel. Willow leaves, burnt in the fire, float in the kettle.
I've been fishing all morning. From the boat I check the spans that have been placed across the river since the evening. Empty hooks come first - the ruffs have eaten all the bait on them. But then the cord stretches, cuts the water, and a living silver shine appears in the depths - it’s a flat bream walking on a hook. Behind it you can see a fat and stubborn perch, then a small bee with piercing yellow eyes. The pulled out fish seems icy.
Aksakov’s words entirely refer to these days spent on Prorva:
“On a green, flowering bank, above the dark depths of a river or lake, in the shade of bushes, under the tent of a gigantic sedge or curly alder, quietly fluttering its leaves in the bright mirror of the water, imaginary passions will subside, imaginary storms will subside, selfish dreams will crumble, unrealizable hopes will scatter. Nature will enter into its eternal rights. Together with the fragrant, free, refreshing air, you will breathe into yourself serenity of thought, meekness of feeling, condescension towards others and even towards yourself.”
A SMALL DEGREE FROM THE TOPIC
There are many different fishing incidents associated with Prorva. I will tell you about one of them.
The great tribe of fishermen who lived in the village of Solotche, near Prorva, was excited. A tall old man with long silver teeth came to Solotcha from Moscow. He also fished.
The old man was fishing with a spinning rod: an English fishing rod with a spinner - an artificial nickel fish.
We despised spinning. We watched the old man with gloating as he patiently wandered along the shores of the meadow lakes and, swinging his spinning rod like a whip, invariably dragged an empty spoon out of the water.
And right there, Lenka, the shoemaker’s son, was dragging fish not with an English fishing line, which cost a hundred rubles, but with an ordinary rope. The old man sighed and complained:
- Cruel injustice of fate!
He even spoke very politely to the boys, using “you”, and used old-fashioned, long-ago forgotten words. The old man was unlucky. We have long known that all fishermen are divided into deep losers and lucky ones. The lucky ones even have fish that bite on a dead worm. In addition, there are envious and cunning fishermen. Cunning people think that they can outwit any fish, but never in my life have I seen such an angler outwit even the grayest ruff, not to mention the roach.
It’s better not to go fishing with an envious person - he won’t bite anyway. In the end, having lost weight from envy, he will begin to throw his fishing rod towards yours, slap the sinker in the water and scare away all the fish.
So the old man was out of luck. In one day, he tore off at least ten expensive lures on snags, walked around covered in blood and blisters from mosquitoes, but did not give up.
Once we took him with us to Lake Segden.
All night the old man dozed by the fire, standing like a horse: sit on damp earth he was afraid. At dawn I fried eggs with lard. The sleepy old man wanted to step over the fire to get bread from his bag, stumbled and stepped on a scrambled egg with his huge foot.
He pulled out his leg, smeared with yolk, shook it in the air and hit the jug of milk. The jug cracked and crumbled into small pieces. And the beautiful baked milk with a slight rustle was sucked into the wet ground before our eyes.
- Guilty! - said the old man, apologizing to the jug.
Then he went to the lake, dipped his foot in the cold water and dangled it for a long time to wash the scrambled eggs off his shoe. We couldn’t utter a word for two minutes, and then we laughed in the bushes until midday.
Everyone knows that if a fisherman is unlucky, sooner or later he will have such good luck that they will talk about it throughout the village for at least ten years. Finally such a failure happened.
The old man and I went to Prorva. The meadows had not yet been mown. A palm-sized chamomile lashed my legs.
The old man walked and, stumbling over the grass, repeated:
- What a aroma, citizens! What an intoxicating aroma!
There was no wind over Prorva. Even the willow leaves did not move and did not show their silvery underside, as happens in a light wind. In the heated grasses there are bumblebees.
I sat on a broken raft, smoked and watched the feather float. I waited patiently for the float to quiver and go into the green depths of the river. The old man walked along the sandy shore with a spinning rod. I heard his sighs and exclamations from behind the bushes:
- What a wonderful, enchanting morning!
Then I heard quacking, stomping, sniffling and sounds behind the bushes, very similar to the mooing of a cow with its mouth gagged. Something heavy splashed into the water, and the old man shouted in a thin voice:
- My God, what a beauty!
I jumped off the raft, reached the shore in waist-deep water and ran up to the old man. He stood behind the bushes near the water, and on the sand in front of him an old pike was breathing heavily. At first glance, there was no less than a pound in her.
- Take her away from the water! - I shouted.
But the old man hissed at me and with trembling hands took his pince-nez out of his pocket. He put it on, bent over the pike and began to examine it with the same delight with which connoisseurs admire a rare painting in a museum.
The pike did not take its angry narrowed eyes off the old man.
- Looks great like a crocodile! - said Lenka. The pike glanced sideways at Lenka, and he jumped back. It seemed that the pike croaked: “Just wait, you fool, I’ll tear off your ears!”
- Darling! - the old man exclaimed and bent even lower over the pike.
Then that failure happened, which is still talked about in the village.
The pike took a moment, blinked its eye and hit the old man on the cheek with all its might with its tail. A deafening crack of a slap was heard over the sleepy water. The pince-nez flew into the river. The pike jumped up and fell heavily into the water.
- Alas! - the old man shouted, but it was already too late.
Lenka danced to the side and shouted in an impudent voice:
- Yeah! Got it! Don't catch, don't catch, don't catch when you don't know how!
That same day, the old man wound up his spinning rods and left for Moscow. And no one else disturbed the silence of the channels and rivers, did not pick off the cold river lilies with a spoon, and did not admire out loud what is best to admire without words.
MORE ABOUT MEADOWS
There are a lot of lakes in the meadows. Their names are strange and varied: Tish, Byk, Hotets, Promoina, Kanava, Staritsa, Muzga, Bobrovka, Selyanskoe Lake and, finally, Lombardskoe.
At the bottom of Hotz lie black bog oaks. There is always a lull in Silence. High banks protect the lake from the winds. Bobrovka was once inhabited by beavers, but now the young shelespers are chasing them. Promoina is a deep lake with such capricious fish that only a person with very good nerves can catch it. Bull is a mysterious, distant lake, stretching for many kilometers. In it, shoals give way to whirlpools, but there is little shade on the banks, and therefore we avoid it. There are amazing golden tench in Kanava: each tench bites for half an hour. By autumn, the banks of the Kanava are covered with purple spots, but not from autumn foliage, but from the abundance of very large rose hips.
On Staritsa, along the banks there are sand dunes overgrown with Chernobyl grass and string. Grass grows on the dunes; it is called grass. These are dense gray-green balls, similar to a tightly closed rose. If you take such a ball out of the sand and place it with its roots up, it begins to slowly toss and turn, like a beetle turned over on its back, straightens its petals on one side, rests on them and turns over again with its roots towards the ground.
In Muzga the depth reaches twenty meters. Flocks of cranes rest on the banks of the Muzga during the autumn migration. Selyanskoye Lake is all overgrown with black kuga. Hundreds of ducks nest in it.
How names stick! In the meadows near Staritsa there is a small nameless lake. We named it Lombard in honor of the bearded watchman "Langobard". He lived on the shore of a lake in a hut, guarding cabbage gardens. And a year later, to our surprise, the name stuck, but the collective farmers remade it in their own way and began to call this lake Ambarsky.
The variety of grasses in the meadows is unheard of. The unmown meadows are so fragrant that, out of habit, your head becomes foggy and heavy. Dense, tall thickets of chamomile, chicory, clover, wild dill, cloves, coltsfoot, dandelions, gentiana, plantain, bluebells, buttercups and dozens of other flowering herbs stretch for kilometers. Meadow strawberries are ripening in the grass before mowing.
OLD PEOPLE
Talkative old people live in the meadows - in dugouts and huts. These are either watchmen at collective farm gardens, or ferrymen, or basket makers. Basket workers set up huts near the coastal willow thickets.
Acquaintance with these old people usually begins during a thunderstorm or rain, when they have to sit in huts until the thunderstorm falls across the Oka River or into the forests and a rainbow overturns over the meadows.
Acquaintance always takes place according to a once and for all established custom. First we light a cigarette, then there is a polite and cunning conversation aimed at finding out who we are, after which there are a few vague words about the weather (“the rains are coming” or, conversely, “it will finally wash the grass, otherwise everything is dry and dry"). And only after this the conversation can freely move on to any topic.
Most of all, old people love to talk about unusual things: about the new Moscow Sea, “water gliders” (gliders) on the Oka, French food (“they cook fish soup from frogs and slurp it with silver spoons”), badger races and a collective farmer from near Pronsk, who, They say he earned so many workdays that he bought a car with music with them.
Most often I met with a grumpy old man who was a basket-maker. He lived in a hut on Muzga. His name was Stepan, and his nickname was “Beard on the Poles.”
Grandfather was thin, thin-legged, like an old horse. He spoke indistinctly, his beard stuck into his mouth; the wind ruffled my grandfather's shaggy face.
Once I spent the night in Stepan’s hut. I arrived late. It was a gray, warm twilight, with hesitant rain falling. He rustled through the bushes, died down, then started making noise again, as if he was playing hide and seek with us.
“This rain is fussing about like a child,” said Stepan. “It’s just a child—it moves here, then there, or even hides, listening to our conversation.”
A girl of about twelve, light-eyed, quiet, and frightened, was sitting by the fire. She spoke only in a whisper.
- Look, the fool from Zaborye has gotten lost! - the grandfather said affectionately. “I searched and searched for the heifer in the meadows and finally found it until dark.” She ran to her grandfather for fire. What are you going to do with her?
Stepan pulled out a yellow cucumber from his pocket and gave it to the girl:
- Eat, don’t hesitate.
The girl took the cucumber, nodded her head, but did not eat it.
Grandfather put the pot on the fire and began to cook the stew.
“Here, my dears,” said the grandfather, lighting a cigarette, “you wander, as if hired, through the meadows, through the lakes, but you have no idea that there were all these meadows, and lakes, and monastery forests.” From the Oka itself to Pra, almost a hundred miles, the entire forest was monastic. And now it’s a people’s forest, now it’s a labor forest.
- Why were they given such forests, grandfather? - asked the girl.
- And the dog knows why! The foolish women said - for holiness. They atone for our sins before the Mother of God. What are our sins? We hardly had any sins. Eh, darkness, darkness!
Grandfather sighed.
“I also went to churches, it was a sin,” the grandfather muttered embarrassedly. “But what’s the point!” Lapti was disfigured for nothing.
Grandfather paused and crumbled some black bread into the stew.
“Our life was bad,” he said, lamenting. “Neither the men nor the women were happy.” The man would go back and forth - the man, at least, would get drunk on vodka, but the woman would completely disappear. Her boys were neither drunk nor well-fed. All her life she trampled around the stove with her hands, until the worms appeared in her eyes. Don't laugh, stop it! I said the right thing about worms. Those worms in the women's eyes started from the fire.
- Horrible! - the girl sighed quietly.
“Don’t be scared,” said the grandfather. “You won’t get worms.” Now the girls have found their happiness. Previously, people thought that happiness lives on warm waters, in blue seas, but in reality it turned out that it lives here, in a shard. Grandfather tapped his forehead with a clumsy finger. “Here, for example, Manka Malyavina.” She was a vocal girl, that's all. In the old days, she would have cried out her voice overnight, but now look what happened. Every day, Malyavin has a pure holiday: the accordion plays, pies are baked. Why? Because, my dears, how can he, Vaska Malyavin, not have fun living when Manka sends him, the old devil, two hundred rubles every month!
- Where from? - asked the girl.
- From Moscow. She sings in the theater. Those who have heard it say it is heavenly singing. All the people are crying their eyes out. This is what it’s becoming now, a woman’s lot. She came last summer, Manka. So how will you know? A thin girl brought me a gift. She sang in the reading room. I’m used to everything, but I’ll tell you straight: it grabbed me by the heart, but I don’t understand why. Where, I think, is such power given to a person? And how did it disappear from us, men, from our stupidity for thousands of years! Now you'll trample on the ground, you'll listen here, you'll look there, and it seems like it's too early to die - you just can't choose the time to die, my dear.
Grandfather took the stew off the fire and reached into the hut for spoons.
“We should live and live, Yegorych,” he said from the hut. “We were born a little too early.” You guessed wrong.
The girl looked into the fire with bright, sparkling eyes and thought about something of her own.
HOMELAND OF TALENTS
On the edge of the Meshchera forests, not far from Ryazan, lies the village of Solotcha. Solotcha is famous for its climate, dunes, rivers and pine forests. There is electricity in Solotch.
Peasant horses, herded into the meadows at night, look wildly at the white stars of electric lanterns hanging in the distant forest, and snore with fear.
I lived for the first year in Solotch with a meek old woman, an old maid and a village dressmaker, Marya Mikhailovna. She was called the age-old woman - she whiled away her entire life alone, without a husband, without children.
In her cleanly washed toy hut, several clocks were ticking and two ancient paintings by an unknown Italian master hung. I rubbed them with raw onions, and the Italian morning, full of sun and reflections of the water, filled the quiet hut. The painting was left to Marya Mikhailovna’s father as payment for the room by an unknown foreign artist. He came to Solotcha to study the icon-painting skills there. He was an almost beggarly and strange man. When leaving, he promised that the painting would be sent to him in Moscow in exchange for money. The artist did not send any money - he died suddenly in Moscow.

Homogeneous members of the sentence (main and secondary), not connected by conjunctions, are separated commas : In the office there were brown velvetarmchairs , bookishcabinet (Eb.); After lunch hesat on the balcony,held a book on my lap(Boon.); Cold, emptiness, uninhabited spirit meets the house(Sol.); Blooming aheadcherries, rowan, dandelions, rose hips, lilies of the valley … (Sol.); Only silence remainswater, thickets, centuries-old willows (Paust.); Shcherbatova toldabout his childhood, about the Dnieper, about how dried up old willows came to life in the spring on their estate(Paust.).

If the last member of a series is joined by unions and, yes, or , then the comma is not placed in front of it: He[wind] bringscoldness, clarity and a certain emptiness whole body(Paust.); Dense, tall thickets stretch for kilometerschamomile, chicory, clover, wild dill, cloves, coltsfoot, dandelions, gentians, plantains, bluebells, buttercups and dozens of other flowering herbs (Paust.).

§26

Homogeneous members of a sentence connected by repeating conjunctions, if there are more than two ( and... and... and, yes... yes... yes, neither... nor... nor, or... or... or, whether... whether... whether, whether... or... or, either... or... or, then... then... that, not that ... not that ... not that, or ... or ... or ), separated by commas: It was sadAnd in the spring air,And in the darkening skyAnd in the carriage(Ch.); There was noneither stormy wordsneither passionate confessions,neither oaths(Paust.); After separation from Lermontov, she[Shcherbatova] couldn't watchneither to the steppe,neither on peopleneither to passing villages and towns(Paust.); You could see her every dayThat with a can,That with a bag andThat and with a bag and a can together -or in the oil shop,or on the market,or in front of the house gate,or on the stairs(Bulg.).

In the absence of a union And before the first of the listed members of the sentence, the rule is observed: if there are more than two homogeneous members of the sentence and the conjunction And repeated at least twice a comma is placed between all homogeneous members (including before the first And ): They brought a bouquet of thistles and placed it on the table, and here in front of mefire, and turmoil, and crimson round dance of lights (Sick.); And today the poet’s rhyme -weasel, and slogan, and bayonet, and whip (M.).

When repeating the conjunction twice And (if the number of homogeneous members is two) a comma is placed in the presence of a generalizing word with homogeneous members of the sentence: All Reminds me of autumn:And yellow leaves, and fogs in the morning ; the same without a generalizing word, but in the presence of dependent words with homogeneous terms: Now it was possible to hear separatelyand the sound of rain and the sound of water (Bulg.). However, in the absence of the specified conditions, with homogeneous members of the sentence forming a close semantic unity, the comma may not be placed: It was all aroundboth light and green (T.); Both day and night the scientist cat keeps walking around the chain(P.).

When repeating other conjunctions twice, except And , a comma is always used : Constantly prick my eyes with gypsy lifeeither stupid or ruthless (A. Ost.); He was ready to believe that he had arrived here at the wrong time -or it's too lateor early(Spread); ladynot that barefoot,not that in some transparent... shoes(Bulg.); All day goes byor snow,or sleet. They[lamp] just highlightedThat walls of the cave hall,That the most beautiful stalagmite(Sol.); Earlywhether , latewhether , but I'll come .

Note 1. There is no comma in integral phraseological combinations with repeated conjunctions and... and, neither... nor(they connect words with opposing meanings): and day and night, and old and young, and laughter and grief, and here and there, and this and that, and here and there, neither two nor one and a half, neither give nor take, neither matchmaker nor brother, neither back nor forth, neither bottom nor tire, neither this nor that, neither stand nor sit, neither alive nor dead, neither yes nor no, neither hearing nor spirit, neither oneself nor people, neither fish nor meat, nor this nor that, neither peahen nor crow, neither shaky nor shaky, neither this nor that etc. The same with paired combinations of words, when there is no third option: and husband and wife, and earth and sky .

Note 2. Unions either... or are not always repetitive. Yes, in a sentence And you can’t understand whether Matvey Karev is laughing at his words or at the way the students are looking into his mouth(Fed.) Union whether introduces an explanatory clause, and the conjunction or connects homogeneous members. Wed. unions either... or as repeating: Goingwhether rain,or the sun is shining - he doesn’t care; Seeswhether he is,or doesn't see(G.).

§27

Homogeneous members of a sentence connected by single connecting or disjunctive conjunctions ( and, yes in meaning " And »; or, or ) not separated by commas : Motor shipgot up across the riverand gave turn it downward with the flow(Spread); Day and night - a day away(ate.); Will support he is Uzdechkinaor won't support ? (Pan.).

If there is an adversarial union between homogeneous members ( ah, but, yes in meaning " But », however, although, but, however ) and connecting ( and also, and even ) a comma is placed : The secretary stopped taking notes and secretly cast a surprised glance,but not against the arrested person, but against the procurator (Bulg.); The child washarsh but sweet (P.); A capable studentlazy though ; He visited the library on Fridayshowever not always ; Mokeevna had already taken the wicker basket out of the house,however stopped – I decided to look for apples(Shcherb.); The apartment is small,but cozy (gas.); She knows Germanand also French .

§28

When connecting homogeneous members of a sentence in pairs, a comma is placed between the pairs (conjunction And valid only within groups): Alleys plantedlilacs and lindens, elms and poplars , led to the wooden stage(Fed.); The songs were different:about joy and sorrow, the day past and the day to come (Gaych.); Geography books and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances they told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild corners of Bulgaria(Sol.).

Note. In sentences with homogeneous members, it is possible to use the same conjunctions on different grounds (between different members of the sentence or their groups). In this case, when placing punctuation marks, different positions of conjunctions are taken into account. For example: ...Everywhere she was greeted cheerfullyAnd friendlyAnd assured her that she was good, sweet, rare(Ch.) – in this sentence there are conjunctions And not repeating, but single, connecting pairs of two homogeneous members of a sentence ( fun and friendly; met and assured). In the example: No one else disturbed the silence of the ductsAnd rivers, did not pick off cold river lilies with a spoonAnd did not admire out loud what is best to admire without words(Paust.) – first And connects words dependent silence word forms channels and rivers, the second and closes the series of predicates (did not violate, did not break off and did not admire).

Homogeneous members of a sentence, united in pairs, can be included in other, larger groups, which in turn have unions. Commas in such groups are placed taking into account the entire complex unity as a whole, for example, the contrastive relations between groups of homogeneous members of the sentence are taken into account: Father Christopher, holding a wide-brimmed top hat, to someonebowed and smiled not softly and touchingly , As always,but respectfully and tensely (Ch.). The different levels of connecting relationships are also taken into account. For example: In them[bench] you will find calico for shrouds and tar, candy and borax for exterminating cockroaches(M.G.) – here, on the one hand, word forms are combined calico and tar, candy and borax, and on the other hand, these groups, already with the rights of single members, are united by a repeating union And . Wed. option without pairwise association (with separate registration of homogeneous members):... You will find calico for shrouds, tar, candy, and borax for exterminating cockroaches .

§29

With homogeneous members of a sentence, in addition to single or repeating conjunctions, double (comparative) conjunctions can be used, which are divided into two parts, each located under each member of the sentence: both... and, not only... but also, not so much... as, as much... as much, although and... but, if not... then, not that... but, not that... but, not only not... but rather... how etc. A comma is always placed before the second part of such conjunctions: I have an errandHow from the judgeSo equalsAnd from all our friends(G.); Green was not only a magnificent landscape painter and master of plot,But was stillAnd a very subtle psychologist(Paust.); They say that in summer Sozopol is flooded with holidaymakers, that isnot really holidaymakers,A vacationers who came to spend their holidays near the Black Sea(Sol.); Mothernot really angry,But I was still unhappy(Kav.); There are fogs in Londonif not every day,That every other day for sure(Gonch.); He wasnot so much upset,How many surprised by the current situation(gas.); He wasquicker annoyedhow saddened(magazine).

§30

Between homogeneous members of a sentence (or their groups) can be placed semicolon .

1. If they include introductory words: It turns out that there are subtleties. There must be a fireFirstly , smokeless;secondly , not very hot;and thirdly , in complete calm(Sol.).

2. If homogeneous members are common (have dependent words or subordinate clauses related to them): He was respectedfor its excellent, aristocraticmanners , for the rumors about his victories;for that that he dressed beautifully and always stayed in the best room of the best hotel;for that that he generally dined well, and once even dined with Wellington at Louis Philippe’s;for that that he carried with him everywhere a real silver travel bag and a camp bathtub;for that that he smelled of some extraordinary, surprisingly “noble” perfume;for that that he played whist masterfully and always lost...(T.)

§31

Between homogeneous members of the sentence it is placed dash: a) when omitting an adversative conjunction: People's knowledge of laws is not desirable - it is mandatory(gas.); A tragic voice, no longer flying, no longer ringing - deep, chesty, “Mkhatovsky”(gas.); b) in the presence of a conjunction to denote a sharp and unexpected transition from one action or state to another: Then Alexey clenched his teeth, closed his eyes, pulled the boots with all his might with both hands - and immediately lost consciousness(B.P.); ...I always wanted to live in the city - and now I’m ending my life in the village(Ch.).

§32

Homogeneous members of a sentence and their various combinations are separated when dividing a sentence (parcelation) dots(see § 9): And then there were long hot months, the wind from the low mountains near Stavropol, smelling of immortelle, the silver crown of the Caucasus Mountains, fights near forest rubble with Chechens, the screech of bullets.Pyatigorsk , strangers with whom you had to treat yourself as friends.And again fleeting Petersburg and the Caucasus , the yellow peaks of Dagestan and the same beloved and saving Pyatigorsk.Short rest , broad ideas and poems, light and soaring to the sky, like clouds over the tops of mountains.And a duel (Paust.).

Punctuation marks for homogeneous members of a sentence with generalizing words

§33

If a generalizing word precedes a series of homogeneous terms, then after the generalizing word is placed colon : An ice fisherman happensdifferent : retired fisherman, blue-collar fisherman, military fisherman, fisherman-minister, so to speak, statesman, fisherman-intellectual(Sol.); In this story you will find almosteverything I mentioned above : dry oak leaves, a gray-haired astronomer, the roar of cannonade, Cervantes, people who unshakably believe in the victory of humanism, a mountain shepherd dog, a night flight and much more(Paust.).

With generalizing words there may be clarifying words like, for example, like that, namely , preceded by a comma and followed by a colon. Words like for example, like that are used to explain previous words, words namely – to indicate the exhaustive nature of the subsequent listing: Many enterprises and services operate around the clock,such as : connection, ambulance, hospitals; Introductory words can express an emotional assessment of what is being communicated,For example : fortunately, to surprise, to joy, etc.(from the textbook); Katya... examined the barn, finding there, in addition to the cylinder and tiles, a lot of useful things,something like that : two low green benches, garden table, hammock, shovels, rakes(Step.); Everyone came to the meetingnamely : teachers, students and staff of the institute. After clarifying words such as (with a comparative connotation of meaning) the colon is not placed: Flowers are the first to bloom after winter,such as crocuses, tulips(gas.).

§34

A generalizing word that comes after homogeneous members is separated from them by the sign dash : Handrails, compasses, binoculars, all sorts of instruments and even high thresholds of cabins -all this it was copper(Paust.); And these trips, and our conversations with her -All was imbued with aching, hopeless melancholy(Beck.).

If there is an introductory word before a generalizing word, separated from homogeneous members by a dash, then a comma before introductory words omitted: In the lobby, in the corridor, in the offices -in a word , there were crowds of people everywhere(Pop.),

§35

Dash is placed after the listing of homogeneous members, if the sentence does not end with the listing: Everywhere : in the club, on the streets, on benches at the gate, in houses - noisy conversations took place(Garsh.).

If there are two generalizing words - before and after homogeneous members - both indicated punctuation marks are placed: a colon (before the listing) and a dash (after it): All : a carriage driving quickly down the street, a reminder of an insult, a girl’s question about a dress that needs to be prepared; even worse, the word of insincere, weak participation -All painfully irritated the wound, seemed like an insult(L.T.). The same with the common generalizing word: In a few minutes he could drawanything : human figure, animals, trees, buildings –All he came out characteristically and lively(Beck.).

§36

Homogeneous members of the sentence, located in the middle of the sentence and having the meaning of a passing comment, are highlighted dash on both sides: Anything that could muffle the sounds -carpets, curtains and upholstered furniture – Grig left the house a long time ago(Paust.); Everyone -and the Motherland, and both Lychkovs, and Volodka – I remember white horses, little ponies, fireworks, a boat with lanterns(Ch.).

Note. It is acceptable to use generalizing words in all positions in modern printing practice dash, including - before the listing (in place of the traditional colon): Mass production will be organized in the new workshopproducts for mechanical engineering – bushings, cups, gear meshes(gas.); Good kayakersthere were only three – Igor, Shulyaev, Kolya Koryakin and, of course, Andrei Mikhailovich himself(Tendr.); LoveAll - and dew, and fog, and ducks, all other birds and animals(Tendr.); If itsomething stood out from others - talent, intelligence, beauty... But Duke really didn’t have anything like that(Current.); Everything, everything I heard - and grass evening singing, and the speech of water, and the dead cry of stone(Sick.); All then his mind was agitated - meadows, fields, forests, and groves, in the “chapel of an old storm the noise, the old woman’s wonderful legend”(Gaych.); He hung it on the wallyour precious collection – knives, sabers, sabers, daggers(Shcherb.). Wed. the same with K. Paustovsky, B. Pasternak: After him[rain] begin to climb violentlymushrooms – sticky boletus, yellow chanterelles, boletus, ruddy saffron milk caps, honey mushrooms and countless toadstools(Paust.); By noon, a distantheap Baku – gray mountains, gray sky, gray houses covered with patches of bright, but also gray sunny color(Paust.); I had the chance and happiness to know many elderspoets who lived in Moscow , – Bryusov, Andrey Bely, Khodasevich, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Baltrushaitis(B. Past.).

Punctuation marks for homogeneous definitions

§37

Homogeneous definitions, expressed by adjectives and participles and standing before the word being defined, are separated from each other comma, heterogeneous - are not separated (for an exception, see § 41).

Note 1. The difference between homogeneous and non-homogeneous homogeneous definitions is as follows: a) each of the homogeneous definitions relates directly to the word being defined; b) the first definition from a pair of heterogeneous ones refers to the subsequent phrase. Wed: Red, green the lights replaced each other(T. Tolstoy) – red lights and green lights; Soon the chimneys of the factories here will begin to smoke,strong iron paths on the site of the old road(Bun.) – strong → iron tracks. It is possible to insert a conjunction between homogeneous definitions And , between heterogeneous ones is impossible. Wed: The glass is coldly playing with multi-colored lights, as ifsmall precious stones(Boon.). – The hallway is cold, like a senets, and it smellsdamp, frozen bark of firewood...(Boon.). In the first case, a conjunction cannot be inserted ( small precious stones ), in the second – perhaps ( damp and frozen bark).

Note 2. Definitions expressed by a combination of qualitative and relative adjectives are often heterogeneous: Her[siren] muffled the soundsbeautiful string orchestra(Boon.). Definitions expressed by qualitative adjectives of different semantic groups can also be perceived as heterogeneous: They began to fall to the groundcold large drops(M.G.).

1. The definitions denoting are homogeneous signs of different objects : A talented student who spoke five languages and felt at homeFrench, Spanish, German literature at home, he boldly used his knowledge(Kav.).

Definitions that express similar characteristics of one subject are homogeneous, i.e. they characterize the subject On the one side : It wasboring, tedious day(Kav.); The train moved slowly and unevenly, supportingold, creaky carriage(Spread); Heavy, damp the wall of the pine forest does not move, is silent(Lip.); Lena got her a jobspacious, empty room(Kav.); At first winter swung reluctantly, as last year, then it burst in unexpectedly, withharsh, cold by the wind(Kav.). The similarity of features can appear on the basis of some convergence of values, for example, along the line of assessment: And at this momentreserved, soft, polite Zoshchenko suddenly said to me with irritation: “You can’t get into literature by pushing elbows.”(Kav.); based on the unity of sensations conveyed by definitions (touch, taste, etc.): INclear, warm morning, at the end of May, in Obruchanovo they brought two horses to the local blacksmith Rodion Petrov(Ch.); Bliss wascool, fresh, tasty water gently rolling off your shoulders(Kav.).

Similarity of features may arise among adjectives used in figurative meaning: I shook the one handed to mebig, callous hand(Shol.); Cruel, cold spring kills engorged buds(Ahm.); In the heartdark, stuffy hop(Ahm.). The homogeneity of definitions is emphasized by adding one of them coordinating conjunction And : In them[songs] dominatedheavy, sad and hopeless sheet music(M.G.); Suchmiserable, drab and deceitful siskin(M.G.); Tired, tanned and dusty their faces were exactly the color of the brown rags of the moon's wing(M.G.).

2. Adjective definitions that characterize an object or phenomenon with various sides: Large glass the doors were wide open(Kav.) – designation of size and material; Former Eliseevskaya the dining room was decorated with frescoes(Kav.) – designation of a temporary sign and sign of belonging; Thick rough the notebook in which I wrote down plans and rough sketches was placed at the bottom of the suitcase(Kav.) – designation of size and purpose; Found in my archiveyellow school girl notebook written in fluent handwriting(Kav.) – designation of color and purpose; The forests, lit obliquely by the sun, seemed to him like piles oflight copper ore(Paust.) – designation of weight and material; Our famous and brave traveler Karelin gave me very detailed information about Kara-Bugaz.unflattering written certification(Paust.) – designation of assessment and form; The foreman served teaviscous cherry jam(Paust.) – designation of property and material; Enoughhigh antique earthenware the lamp burned softly under a pink lampshade(Bun.) – designation of quantity, temporary characteristic and material.

§38

Adjective adjectives can be combined with participial phrases. The placement of the comma in this case depends on the location of the participial phrase, which sometimes acts as a homogeneous member of the sentence with the adjective definition, sometimes as a heterogeneous one.

If the participial phrase comes after the adjective definition and before the word being defined (i.e., breaks the direct connection between the adjective and the noun), then a comma is placed between the definitions: Evenold, covered with gray lichens the tree branches whispered about days gone by(M.G.); No, they don't only cry in their sleepelderly, gray during the war years men(Shol); Small, dry in places in summer rivulet<…>spilled over a kilometer(Shol.); Standing, lost in the air the smell of flowers was nailed motionless by the heat to the flower beds(B. Past.).

If the participial phrase comes before the adjective definition and refers to the next combination of the adjective definition and the word being defined, then a comma is not placed between them: Each time she appeared and drowned again in pitch darknessthe steppe crouched against the wide beams village(Paust.); Sergey sawwhite floating in the air notebook sheets(Sparrow).

§39

A comma is placed when combining agreed and inconsistent definitions (the inconsistent definition is placed after the agreed one): Meanwhile insquat, with brown walls In the winter quarters of the Klyushins, a slightly angled seven-line lamp actually burned(White); She took it off the tablethick, with fringe tablecloth and laid another white one(P. Neil.).

However, the comma not placed, if the combination of agreed and inconsistent definition denotes a single sign: White checkered tablecloth; she was wearingblue polka dot skirt .

§40

Definitions following the word being defined are usually homogeneous and are therefore separated by commas: Wordpompous, false, bookish had a drastic effect on him(Boon.). Each of these definitions is directly related to the word being defined and has an independent logical emphasis.

§41

Heterogeneous definitions are separated by a comma only if the second of them explains the first, revealing its content (it is possible to insert words, that is, namely): He... carefully walked along the shiny wire withnew, fresh feeling of delight(Gran.) – here new Means " fresh"; without a comma, that is, when explanatory relations are removed, a different meaning will appear: there was a “fresh feeling of delight” and a new one appeared (a new fresh feeling, but: a new, fresh feeling); – Shelter an orphan, - enteredthird, new voice(M.G.) – definition new explains the definition third; Nature has no more talented or less talented works. They can only be divided into bothours, human point of view(Sol.). Wed: In the holiday village appearednew brick Houses(others were added to the existing brick houses). – In the holiday village appearednew, brick Houses(before this there were no brick houses).

Punctuation marks for homogeneous applications

§42

Applications (definitions expressed by nouns), not connected by conjunctions, can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

Applications that appear before the word being defined and denote similar features of an object, characterizing it on the one hand, are homogeneous. They are separated by commas: Hero of Socialist Labor, People's Artist of the USSR E. N. Gogoleva – honorary titles; World Cup winner, European champion NN– sports titles.

Applications denoting different features of an object, characterizing it from different sides, are not homogeneous. They are not separated by commas: First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Army General NN– position and military rank; chief designer of the design institute for construction mechanical engineering for precast reinforced concrete, engineer NN– position and profession; General Director of the production association Candidate of Technical Sciences NN– position and academic degree.

When combining homogeneous and heterogeneous applications, punctuation marks are placed accordingly: Honored Master of Sports, Olympic champion, two-time World Cup winner, student of the NN Institute of Physical Education .

§43

Applications that appear after the word being defined, regardless of the meaning they convey, are separated by commas and must be highlighted (see § 61): Lyudmila Pakhomova, Honored Master of Sports, Olympic champion, world champion, multiple European champion, coach; N.V. Nikitin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, laureate of the Lenin Prize and the USSR State Prize, author of the Ostankino television tower project; V. V. Tereshkova, pilot-cosmonaut, Hero Soviet Union; D. S. Likhachev, literary critic and public figure, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, Chairman of the Board of the Russian Cultural Foundation, State Prize laureate; A. I. Solzhenitsyn, writer, publicist, Nobel Prize laureate .

Punctuation marks for repeating sentence parts

§44

Between repeating members of a sentence is placed busy. For example, repetition emphasizes the duration of an action: I'm going, I'm going in an open field; bell ding-ding-ding...(P.); We sailed, we sailed wind-blown clouds in the dark blue depths(Shol.); indicates a large number of objects or phenomena: Along the Smolensk road -forests, forests, forests . Along the Smolensk road -pillars, pillars, pillars (OK.); stands for high degree sign, quality, feeling, and each of the words repeated in this case has a logical emphasis: Scary, scary reluctantly among the unknown plains(P.); The sky was nowgray, gray (Sol.); Why are you walking, my son?lonely, lonely ? (OK.); emphasizes the categorical nature of the statement: Now... all I live iswork, work … (Am.).

Note 1. For the use of hyphens in repetitions, see “Spelling”, § 118, paragraph 1.

Note 2. On the repetition of prepositional combinations with forms of pronominal words ( in what in what, with whom with whom) see “Spelling”, § 155, paragraph b.

Note 3. There is no comma if repeating terms with particles Not or So between them they form a single semantic whole with the meaning of an underlined statement, agreement, or express the meaning of uncertainty: NoSo No; DriveSo drive; Valeria looked at me again and said nothing: tomorrowSo Tomorrow(Sol.); Everything is at hand in our village: a forestSo forest, riverSo river(Sol.); RainNot rain, you won't understand. The same when expressing the meaning of a concession: TimeNot time, but we have to go .

If repeated predicates with a particle So have conditional consequential meanings with a hint of reinforcement, then a comma can be placed: – Well then! – he suddenly exclaims with an unexpected surge of energy. - Going to,So going to(Cupr.); Well, it will be, thank you. Made friendsSo made friends(Chuck.). (Wed: If we need to gather, then we will gather; If you make friends, then with interest .)

§45

Repeating parts of a sentence with a conjunction And when sharply emphasizing their meaning, they are separated by the sign dash : Leave - and leave quickly; We need victory - and only victory. However, with a calmer intonation, a comma is also possible: You, and only you, are capable of this; We need facts, and only facts. .

If the union And stands between two identical verbs, which act as a single predicate expressing a constantly repeating action, no comma is placed: And he's stillwrites and writes letters to the old address .

In Muzga the depth reaches twenty meters. Flocks of cranes rest on the banks of the Muzga during the autumn migration. Selyanskoye Lake is all overgrown with black kuga. Hundreds of ducks nest in it.

How names stick! In the meadows near Staritsa there is a small nameless lake. We named it Lombard in honor of the bearded watchman - “Langobard”. He lived on the shore of a lake in a hut, guarding cabbage gardens. And a year later, to our surprise, the name stuck, but the collective farmers passed it on in their own way and began to call this lake Ambarsky.

Old people

Talkative old people live in the meadows - in dugouts and huts. These are either watchmen at collective farm gardens, or ferrymen, or basket makers. Basket workers set up huts near the coastal willow thickets.

Acquaintance with these old people usually begins during a thunderstorm or rain, when they have to sit in huts until the thunderstorm falls across the Oka River or into the forests and a rainbow overturns over the meadows.

Acquaintance always takes place according to a once and for all established custom. First we light a cigarette, then there is a polite and cunning conversation aimed at finding out who we are, after which there are a few vague words about the weather (“the rains are coming” or, conversely, “it will finally wash the grass, otherwise everything is dry.” yes dry"). And only after this the conversation can freely move on to any topic.

Most of all, old people love to talk about unusual things: about the new Moscow Sea, “water gliders” (gliders) on the Oka, French food (“they cook fish soup from frogs and slurp it with silver spoons”), badger races and a collective farmer from near Pronsk, who, They say he earned so many workdays that he bought a car with music with them.

Most often I met with a grumpy old man who was a basket-maker. He lived in a hut on Muzga. His name was Stepan, and his nickname was “Beard on the Poles.”

Grandfather was thin, thin-legged, like an old horse. He spoke indistinctly, his beard stuck into his mouth; the wind ruffled my grandfather's shaggy face.

Once I spent the night in Stepan’s hut. I arrived late. It was a gray, warm twilight, with hesitant rain falling. He rustled through the bushes, died down, then started making noise again, as if he was playing hide and seek with us.

“This rain is fussing about like a child,” said Stepan. - Just a child - he moves here, there, or even hides, listening to our conversation.

A girl of about twelve, light-eyed, quiet, and frightened, was sitting by the fire. She spoke only in a whisper.

- Look, the fool from Zaborye has gotten lost! - the grandfather said affectionately. “I searched and searched for the heifer in the meadows, and finally found it until dark. She ran to her grandfather for fire. What are you going to do with her?

Stepan pulled out a yellow cucumber from his pocket and gave it to the girl:

- Eat, don’t hesitate.

The girl took the cucumber, nodded her head, but did not eat it.

Grandfather put the pot on the fire and began to cook the stew.

“Here, my dears,” said the grandfather, lighting a cigarette, “you wander, as if hired, through the meadows, through the lakes, but you have no idea that there were all these meadows, and lakes, and monastery forests.” From the Oka itself to Pra, for almost a hundred miles, the entire forest was monastic. And now it’s a people’s forest, now it’s a labor forest.

- Why were they given such forests, grandfather? – the girl asked.

- And the dog knows why! The foolish women said - for holiness. They atone for our sins before the Mother of God. What are our sins? We hardly had any sins. Eh, darkness, darkness!

Grandfather sighed.

“I also went to churches, it was a sin,” the grandfather muttered embarrassedly. - What's the point! Lapti was disfigured for nothing.

Grandfather paused and crumbled some black bread into the stew.

“Our life was bad,” he said, lamenting. “Neither the men nor the women were happy enough.” The man went back and forth - the man, at least, would get drunk on vodka, but the woman completely disappeared. Her boys were unfed and unfed. All her life she trampled around the stove with her hands, until the worms appeared in her eyes. Don't laugh, stop it! I said the right thing about worms. Those worms in the women's eyes started from the fire.

- Horrible! – the girl sighed quietly.

“Don’t be scared,” said the grandfather. – You won’t get worms. Now the girls have found their happiness. Previously, people thought that it lives, happiness, on warm waters, in blue seas, but in reality it turned out that it lives here, in a shard. – Grandfather tapped his forehead with a clumsy finger. – For example, Manka Malyavina. She was a vocal girl, that's all. In the old days, she would have cried out her voice overnight, but now look what happened. Every day, Malyavin has a pure holiday: the accordion plays, pies are baked. Why? Because, my dears, how can he, Vaska Malyavin, not have fun living when Manka sends him, the old devil, two hundred rubles every month!

- Where from? – the girl asked.

- From Moscow. She sings in the theater. Those who have heard it say it is heavenly singing. All the people are crying their eyes out. This is what it’s becoming now, a woman’s lot. She came last summer, Manka. So how will you know? A thin girl brought me a gift. She sang in the reading room. I’m familiar to everything, but I’ll tell you straight, it grabbed me by the heart, but I don’t understand why. Where, I think, is such power given to a person? And how did it disappear from us, men, from our stupidity for thousands of years! Now you’ll trample on the ground, listen here, look here, and it seems like it’s too early to die - you just can’t choose the time to die, my dear.

Grandfather took the stew off the fire and reached into the hut for spoons.

“We should live and live, Yegorych,” he said from the hut. – We were born a little early. You guessed wrong.

The girl looked into the fire with bright, sparkling eyes and thought about something of her own.

Home of Talents

On the edge of the Meshchora forests, not far from Ryazan, lies the village of Solotcha. Solotcha is famous for its climate, dunes, rivers and pine forests. There is electricity in Solotch.

Peasant horses, herded into the meadows at night, look wildly at the white stars of electric lanterns hanging in the distant forest, and snore with fear.

I lived for the first year in Solotch with a meek old woman, an old maid and a village dressmaker, Marya Mikhailovna. She was called the age-old woman - she whiled away her entire life alone, without a husband, without children.

In her cleanly washed toy hut, several clocks were ticking and two ancient paintings by an unknown Italian master hung. I rubbed them with raw onions, and the Italian morning, full of sun and reflections of the water, filled the quiet hut. The painting was left to Marya Mikhailovna’s father as payment for the room by an unknown foreign artist. He came to Solotcha to study the icon-painting skills there. He was an almost beggarly and strange man. When leaving, he promised that the painting would be sent to him in Moscow in exchange for money. The artist did not send any money - he died suddenly in Moscow.

Behind the wall of the hut, the neighbor's garden rustled at night. In the garden stood a two-story house, surrounded by a solid fence. I wandered into this house looking for a room. A beautiful gray-haired old woman spoke to me. She looked at me sternly with blue eyes and refused to rent out the room. Over her shoulder, I saw walls hung with paintings.

-Whose house is this? – I asked the age-old woman.

- Yes, of course! Academician Pozhalostin, famous engraver. He died before the revolution, and the old woman was his daughter. There are two old women living there. One is completely decrepit, hunchbacked.

I was perplexed. Engraver Pozhalostin is one of the best Russian engravers, his works are scattered everywhere: here, in France, in England, and suddenly - Solotch! But soon I stopped being perplexed when I heard how the collective farmers, while digging potatoes, argued whether the artist Arkhipov would come to Solotcha this year or not.

Pozhalostin is a former shepherd. The artists Arkhipov and Malyavin, the sculptor Golubkina - all from these places in Ryazan. There is almost no hut in Solotch that does not have paintings. You ask: who wrote? They answer: grandfather, or father, or brother. Solotchintsy were once famous bogomaz.

The name Pozhalostina is still pronounced with respect. He taught Solotsk residents to draw. They went to him secretly, bringing their canvases wrapped in a clean rag for evaluation - for praise or reproach.

For a long time I could not get used to the idea that next to me, behind the wall, in the darkish rooms of the old house, lay the rarest books on art and copper engraved boards. Late at night I went to the well to drink water. There was frost on the frame, the bucket burned my fingers, icy stars stood over the silent and black edge, and only in Pozhalostin’s house a window glowed dimly: his daughter read until dawn. From time to time she probably raised her glasses to her forehead and listened - she guarded the house.

The next year I settled with the Pozhalostins. I rented an old bathhouse in their garden. The garden was deserted, covered in lilacs, wild rose hips, apple trees and maples covered with lichen.

On the walls in the Pozhalostina house hung beautiful engravings - portraits of people of the last century. I couldn't get rid of their gaze. When I was repairing fishing rods or writing, a crowd of women and men in tightly buttoned frock coats, a crowd of the seventies, looked at me from the walls with deep attention. I raised my head, met the eyes of Turgenev or General Ermolov, and for some reason I felt awkward.

Solotchinsky district - country talented people. Yesenin was born not far from Solotcha.

One day an old woman in a blanket came to my bathhouse and brought me sour cream to sell.