How can an inconsistent definition be expressed? Inconsistent definitions: examples. Agreed and non-agreed definition
Agreed definitions are expressed by adjective participles, pronominal adjectives, ordinal numbers: Your joy and sorrow are joy and sorrow for me Goncharov. The meaning of the agreed definition as a minor member of the sentence is determined lexical meaning the words by which it is expressed. In modern Russian, the most common definitions are those expressed by qualitative and relative adjectives.
Share your work on social networks
If this work does not suit you, at the bottom of the page there is a list of similar works. You can also use the search button
Definition of agreed and inconsistent
Agreed Definitionsare expressed by parts of speech related to the word being defined, and are capable of being similar to it in number and case, and in the singular and in gender. Agreed definitions are expressed by adjectives, participles, pronominal adjectives, ordinal numbers: Yours joy and sorrow joy and sorrow for me (Goncharov). An adjective that is part of a phraseological unit (White Sea, New Year) should not be considered a definition.
The meaning of an agreed definition as a minor member of a sentence is determined by the lexical meaning of the word by which it is expressed. In modern Russian, the most common definitions are those expressed by qualitative and relative adjectives.
Definitions expressed by qualitative adjectives mean various signs object, person or phenomenon. They may indicate signs of spatial relationships between objects: From the wide window almost everything that was happening ahead was visible (Simonov); signs of temporary relationships; properties of things perceived by the senses; physical properties people, animals, insects.
Definitions expressed by relative adjectives denote various characteristics of an object, person or phenomenon not directly, but through the relationship to other objects, as well as to place, time (in accordance with the lexical meaning of the adjective). Relative adjectives It is possible to designate a feature of an object by material, by location, by time, a feature in its relation to a person, a feature in its relation to a concept.
Definitions expressed possessive adjectives, indicate that the characterized object belongs to a specific person. The meaning of belonging is also expressed by possessive pronouns: My labor is related to any labor (Mayakovsky).
Definitions expressed demonstrative pronouns, indicate the specificity of the subject being defined: B this he came to the town from Moscow (Yu. Kazakov).
Indefinite pronouns in the role of definition indicate the uncertainty of the attribute of an object (some kind of house).
Definitions expressed by definitive and negative pronouns denote properties and qualities in accordance with their inherent meanings: Almost no noise was heard all around (Turgenev).
Inconsistent definitionconnects with the defined word using control (birch branch) or adjacency (Turkish coffee). An inconsistent definition can be expressed in various ways. There is a large group of inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in all indirect cases with prepositions: There was a threshold in three steps (Bunin).
Inconsistent definitions include those expressed by the 3rd person personal pronoun in the form of the genitive case in the possessive meaning, as well as the comparative degree of the adjective.
In the function of definition, an adverb (for future use) can be used, as well as an infinitive, which serves to explain the member of the sentence of an abstract noun: He had a weakness think that standing he retains more greatness (Novikov). Phraseological units also become inconsistent definitions (she didn’t like potatoes in uniform).
Inconsistent definitions denote different characteristics of an object, person or phenomenon. So, inconsistent definition expressed by a noun in genitive case, can characterize belonging. Inconsistent definitions, expressed by nouns in indirect cases with prepositions, also denote various features according to the material, according to the presence of the subject external difference, according to the purpose of the item.
Inconsistent definitions expressed by adjectives in comparative degree, denote a qualitative attribute of an object that is characteristic of it to a greater or lesser extent than other objects: Baba, in a red skirt, in a white shirt, stands in a thicket of hemp fields higher her height (Bunin).
Inconsistent definitions, expressed by adverbs, denote a characteristic with the meaning of quality, image and method of action, time.
Inconsistent definitions expressed by the infinitive help to reveal the content of the subject, which is indicated by an abstract noun: Having completely abandoned the thought learn his intelligent reading and writing, I began to teach him to sign mechanically (Kuprin).
Other similar works that may interest you.vshm> |
|||
| 3535. | Soft plaque, plaque, their meaning, definition. Hygiene index according to Fedorov-Volodkina, according to Pakhomov, Green-Vermillion, OHI-S, Sinles-Low. Definition, calculation, norm indicators | 27.18 KB | |
| Mineralized deposits: a pellicle a supragingival tartar b dental plaque b subgingival tartar c soft plaque d food debris detritus The pellicle of a tooth is an acquired thin organic film that replaces... | |||
| 13195. | Definition of life | 21.94 KB | |
| Oparin worked a lot on the problem of the origin of life on Earth. Of course, metabolism is an essential attribute of life. However, the question of whether the essence of life can be reduced primarily to metabolism is controversial. | |||
| 3278. | Definition of grammar | 52.91 KB | |
| Grammars are the most common class of language descriptions. When describing a grammar, it is necessary to start by defining the language alphabet, which is defined as a set of valid terminal symbols | |||
| 11222. | Health: concept and definition | 6.37 KB | |
| Provides it historical period development of a person’s individual consciousness, the increasing importance of all aspects of his well-being and health. Medical research into health has made it possible to identify a range of intermediate states between the health and illness of an individual, which have come to be combined as a third state. Let us even refer to the authority of Abu Ali ibn Sina, who in the Canon of Medical Science noted the presence of three different states in a person: in addition to health and illness, he identified a third intermediate state, not health and... | |||
| 121. | Separate definition and application | 8.95 KB | |
| But applications are more independent in a sentence than definitions and have greater predicative power: a noun, fulfilling the role of a compound predicate, easily becomes an application, retaining to a certain extent the predicative function. The common application expressed is isolated common noun with dependent words and relating to a common noun; Such applications are usually postpositive in the prepositive position; they are rare. An uncommon application related to the common noun... | |||
| 8393. | Structure. Defining Structures | 18.78 KB | |
| At the very beginning of learning the C language, we became acquainted with the concept of data types. Today we will try to expand this concept. The fact is that in addition to standard types, a programmer can create his own composite data types called structures. They will be the topic of our lesson. | |||
| 9260. | Determining market capacity | 27.12 KB | |
| Market capacity shows how much of a product the market can consume in a specific period of time under specific conditions, i.e., at a certain price for a product, the economic situation in the country, market conditions and the marketing efforts of sellers. As specific conditions change, the market capacity also changes. | |||
| 1282. | Definition and essence of religion. Christianity | 2.18 MB | |
| Definition and essence of religion. Theoretical religious studies include philosophical sociological and psychological problems study of religion. It reveals in religion the general essential necessary and refuses the individual accidental historically specific. Historical religious studies is the history of religion. | |||
| 7143. | Definition of emotions. Emotions and motivation | 34.05 KB | |
| Emotion (from Latin emoveo - shocking, exciting) is an emotional process of medium duration, reflecting a subjective evaluative attitude towards existing or possible situations. Emotions are distinguished from other types of emotional processes: affects, feelings and moods. Emotions are understood as time-extended processes of internal regulation of human or animal activity. | |||
| 13810. | Determination of aircraft flight parameters | 2.92 MB | |
| Recalculate the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft wing profile for a wing of finite span. Determine the minimum thrust. Create a system of differential equations that describe the movement of the aircraft. Replacing a system of differential equations describing the movement of an aircraft with a system algebraic equations,using ,numerical methods. | |||
A definition is a minor member of a sentence, which depends on the subject, complement or circumstance, defines the attribute of the subject and answers the questions: which one? which? whose?
Definition may refer to words different parts speech: nouns and words formed from adjectives or participles by transitioning to another part of speech, as well as pronouns.
Agreed and non-agreed definition
An agreed definition is a definition for which the type of syntactic connection between the main and dependent words is agreement. For example:
A dissatisfied girl was eating chocolate ice cream on the open terrace.
(girl (what?) dissatisfied, ice cream (what?) chocolate, on the terrace (what?) open)
Agreed definitions are expressed by adjectives that agree with the words being defined - nouns in gender, number and case.
The agreed definitions are expressed:
1) adjectives: dear mother, beloved grandmother;
2) participles: laughing boy, bored girl;
3) pronouns: my book, this boy;
4) ordinal numbers: the first of September, by the eighth of March.
But the definition may not be consistent. This is the name of a definition associated with the word being defined by other types of syntactic connections:
management
adjoining
Inconsistent definition based on control:
Mom's book was on the nightstand.
Wed: mom's book - mom's book
(mom’s book is an agreed upon definition, type of connection: coordination, and mom’s book is inconsistent, type of connection: management)
Inconsistent definition based on adjacency:
I want to buy her a more expensive gift.
Wed: a more expensive gift - an expensive gift
(a more expensive gift is an inconsistent definition, the type of connection is adjacency, and an expensive gift is an agreed definition, the type of connection is coordination)
Inconsistent definitions also include definitions expressed by syntactically indivisible phrases and phraseological units.
A five-story shopping center was built opposite.
Wed: center with five floors - five-story center
(a center with five floors is an uncoordinated definition, the type of communication is management, and a five-story center is an agreed definition, the type of communication is coordination)
A girl with blue hair entered the room.
(girl with blue hair - inconsistent definition, type of connection - control.)
Different parts of speech can act as an inconsistent definition:
1) noun:
The bus stop has been moved.
(bus - noun)
2) adverb:
Grandma cooked the meat in French.
(in French - adverb)
3) verb in an indefinite form:
She had a knack for listening.
(listen is an infinitive verb)
4) comparative degree of an adjective:
He always chooses the easier path, and she always chooses the more difficult tasks.
(easier, harder comparative degree of adjectives)
5) pronoun:
Her story touched me.
(ee – possessive pronoun)
6) syntactically indivisible phrase
Application
A special type of definition is application. An application is a definition expressed by a noun that agrees with the word being defined in case.
Applications denote various characteristics of the subject, which are expressed by a noun: age, nationality, profession, etc.:
I love my little sister.
A group of Japanese tourists lived in the hotel with me.
A variety of applications are geographical names, names of enterprises, organizations, printed publications, works of art. The latter form inconsistent applications. Let's compare examples:
I saw the embankment of the Sukhona River.
(Sukhony is a consistent application, the words river and Sukhona are in the same case.)
My son read the fairy tale “Cinderella”.
(“Cinderella” is an inconsistent application, the words fairy tale and “Cinderella” are in different cases
A definition is a minor member of a sentence that denotes a sign, quality, property of an object and answers the questions WHAT? WHOSE? WHICH? When parsing sentences, definitions are underlined with a wavy line.
Definitions usually appear as dependent words in phrases with nouns and can be associated with them by means of agreement (for example: BIG HOUSE, BEAUTIFUL GARDEN) or by means of control and adjacency (for example: MAN (what?) IN A HAT, KNOWLEDGE (what?) TO PLAY) . Definitions connected to nouns using agreement are called agreed upon, using control or connection – inconsistent.
Agreed definitions can be expressed by adjectives (NEW ROUTE), participles (PREVENTED ROUTE), possessive pronouns (OUR ROUTE) and ordinal numbers (FIFTH ROUTE). An inconsistent definition can be expressed by a noun in oblique cases (HOUSE - what? - ON THE MOUNTAIN), a comparative degree of an adjective (I DIDN'T SEE THE STORM - what? - STRONGER), an infinitive (OPPORTUNITY - what? - TO STUDY) and a pronoun (HIS BOOK) .
Inconsistent definitions may combine their meaning with the meaning of circumstances and additions. Compare: HOUSE (where?) ON THE MOUNTAIN and HOUSE (which?) ON THE MOUNTAIN. Both questions are entirely appropriate, and ON THE MOUNTAIN can be considered both a circumstance and a definition. Another example: MEETING (with whom?) WITH FRIENDS and MEETING (what?) WITH FRIENDS. In these phrases, WITH FRIENDS will be both an addition and a definition.
Separation- this is the highlighting on both sides of a letter with punctuation marks (commas, dashes, parentheses) of some part of the sentence.
Definitions are distinguished in accordance with the following rules.
1. An agreed definition consisting of several words and relating to the preceding noun is isolated. Compare two sentences:
Path, overgrown with grass, led to the river.
Overgrown with grass path led to the river.
2. The agreed definition relating to the personal pronoun is isolated, regardless of its place in the sentence and prevalence. For example:
Happy he is
He, happy, told me about his successes.
Pleased with your success, he told me about them.
He, happy with his successes, told me about them.
Please note: in the example from the first paragraph of the rule, the phrase OVERGROWING WITH GRASS is highlighted with commas. If a definition has dependent words, then together they make up attributive phrase.
This rule has three notes:
1. An agreed definition (both single-word and consisting of several words), relating to a noun and standing in front of it, can be isolated if it has an additional meaning of reason (that is, it combines the meanings of the definition and the circumstances of the reason). For example:
Tired, tourists decided to abandon the repeated ascent.
Tired after sleepless night,
tourists decided to abandon the repeated ascent.
(In both sentences the definition explains reason refusal to climb again.)
2. Definitions that appear after the word being defined, but are closely related in meaning to it or to other members of the sentence, are not isolated. In such cases, if the definition is removed from the sentence, the phrase loses its meaning. For example:
He could hear things are quite unpleasant for yourself (Lermontov). Sea at his feet lay silent and white(Paustovsky).
3. The definition is isolated, wherever it appears, if it is separated from the word being defined by other words. For example:
At the end of January covered in the first thaw, Cherries smell good gardens(Sholokhov).
Exercise
- Maybe it was a thorn or the tip of a nail that had come out of the felt padding of the clamp (Aitmatov).
- Lying on his armour-hard back, he saw, as soon as he raised his head, his brown, convex belly, divided by arched scales, on the top of which the blanket, ready to finally slide off, was barely holding on (Kafka).
- In the bright dawn, the black tops of birches were outlined, thin as letters (Pasternak).
- The princess absolutely hates me, two or three epigrams about me have already been retold to me - quite caustic, but at the same time very flattering (Lermontov).
- I am still trying to explain to myself what kind of feeling was boiling in my chest then: it was the annoyance of offended pride, and contempt, and anger - born at the thought - that this man was now looking at me with such confidence, with such calm insolence - two minutes ago ago, without exposing himself to any danger, he wanted to kill me like a dog, because wounded in the leg a little more severely, I would certainly have fallen off the cliff (Lermontov).
- Grease the mold to prevent it from rusting, and remove the kitchen table, make a sauce from oxylithium hydrate_ diluted in a glass of fresh milk (Vian).
- Staggering and gasping for breath, he finally went ashore, saw a robe lying on the ground, picked it up and mechanically rubbed himself with it until his numb body warmed up (Hesse).
- My father's elder brother, who died in 1813, with the intention of setting up a village hospital, gave him as a boy to some doctor he knew to study the art of paramedics (Herzen).
- Who told you that there is no true, faithful, eternal love in the world? (Bulgakov).
- But that’s not all: the third in this company turned out to be a cat that came from nowhere, huge, like a hog, black, like soot or a rook... (Bulgakov).
- Winter evening on December 14th_ thick_ dark_ frosty (Tynyanov).
- The fields, all the fields, stretched right up to the sky, now rising slightly, then falling again; seen here and there small forests, and ravines dotted with sparse and low bushes... (Turgenev).
- One, black, large and shabby, was very similar to those rats that he saw on ships during his travels (Tournier).
- The strangest incidents are those that happen on Nevsky Prospekt! (Gogol).
Doctor Budakh_ washed up_ dressed in everything clean_ carefully shaved_ looked very impressive (Strugatskys).
They drank coffee in a gazebo on the shore of a wide lake dotted with islands (Pushkin).
Deeply offended, she sat down under the window and sat until late at night without undressing (Pushkin).
The old woman, looking at him from behind the partition, could not know whether he had fallen asleep or was just thinking (Pushkin).
Foolovites, who were not strong enough in self-government, began to attribute this phenomenon to the mediation of some unknown force (Shchedrin).
The waves of the sea, encased in granite, are suppressed by enormous weights sliding along their ridges, hitting the sides of ships, the shores, beating and grumbling, foamed, polluted with various rubbish (Gorky).
In its long beak, curved at the end, the seagull held a small fish.
And either he made a grimace - blinded by the setting sun - or his face was generally characterized by some strangeness, only his lips seemed too short... (Mann).
The curious and inquisitive children immediately noticed that something incomprehensible was going on in the city.
His father met him with a gloomy and surprised look.
He opened his notebook and drew two segments parallel to each other.
Draw an equilateral triangle with a side equal to five centimeters.
But now they did not speak for long, - the wise one, who did not interfere with their judgment, spoke himself: “Stop! There is punishment. This is a terrible punishment; You wouldn’t invent something like this in a thousand years!” (Bitter).
A small night_bird_ silently and low rushing on its soft wings_ almost stumbled upon me and timidly dived to the side (Turgenev).
An inconsistent definition often causes punctuation difficulties. The difficulty is that it cannot always be easily distinguished from the agreed one, which will be separated by a comma. Difficult to find good text, in which these members of the sentence are not present, because their use enriches speech. However, agreed and inconsistent definitions, examples of which we present below, are an attribute only of written speech.
The secondary members of the sentence explain the main ones, but can also refer to the same secondary ones. If they complement the grammatical basis, they will be called minor members of the subject or predicate group.
For example:
The high, cloudless sky completely occupied the horizon.
The subject is the sky. Its group: definitions high, cloudless. The predicate - occupied. Its group: complement horizon, circumstance completely.
Definition, addition, circumstance - these are the three minor members of the sentence. To determine which of them is used in a sentence, you need to ask a question and determine the part of speech. Thus, complements are most often nouns or pronouns in indirect cases. Definitions - adjectives and parts of speech close to them (pronouns, participles, ordinal numbers, also nouns). Circumstances - adverbs or gerunds, as well as nouns.
Sometimes the secondary term is ambiguous: it answers two questions at the same time. As an example, consider the sentence:
The train to Omsk departed without delay.
The minor term to Omsk can act as a circumstance (train (where?) to Omsk) or as a definition (train (which?) to Omsk).
Another example:
Snow lies on spruce paws.
The secondary member on the paws is both an adverbial (lies (where?) on the paws) and a complement (lies (on what?) on the paws).
What is the definition
Definition - such a minor member of a sentence to which you can ask questions: “Which?”, “Which?”, “Which?”, “Which?”, “Whose?”
There are agreed and inconsistent definitions. The gradation depends on how this member of the sentence is expressed.
The attribute can be an adjective, noun, numeral, pronoun, participle, or even an infinitive. They distribute subject, object and adverbial clauses.
For example:
The last leaves hung on frozen branches.
The definition of latter refers to the subject leaflet; the definition frozen refers to the adverbial adverbial object on the branches.
Sometimes these minor members sentences can carry the main semantic load of the subject and be included in its composition.
For example:
A villager does not like to go to a stuffy city.
The role of the definition “village” is very interesting here, without which the subject “resident” would have no meaning. That is why it will be part of the main member of the proposal. Thus, in in this example subject - villager.
Semantic functions of definitions
Both agreed and inconsistent definitions can express the following meanings:
- Item quality ( beautiful dress, interesting book).
- Quality of action (opened door, thinking student).
- Place (forest fire - fire in the forest).
- Time (December holidays - holidays in December).
- Relation to another object (clay vase - vase made of clay).
- Affiliation ( mother's heart- mother's heart).
Agreed Definition
Agreed definitions can be used in the following parts of speech:
- Adjective (child's toy, deep lake).
- Pronoun (your car, some quantity).
- Communion (meowing kitten, waving flag).
- Numeral (eighteenth fighter, first student).
There is agreement in gender, number and case between this definition and the word to which it refers.
Our majestic history spans twenty centuries.
The following agreed upon definitions are presented here:
· history (whose?) ours - pronoun;
· history (what?) majestic - adjective;
· centuries (how many?) twenty - numeral.
Typically, the agreed definition in a sentence comes before the word it refers to.
Definition inconsistent
Another, more expressive type is inconsistent definition. They can be the following parts of speech:
1. Nouns with or without a preposition.
2. Adjectives in the comparative degree.
3. Infinitive verb.
Let's analyze a sentence with an inconsistent definition:
The meeting with classmates will take place on Friday.
Meeting (what?) with classmates. An inconsistent definition with classmates is expressed by a noun with a preposition.
Next example:
I have never met a friendlier person than you.
The inconsistent definition is expressed by the comparative degree of the adjective: the person (which?) is friendlier.
Let's look at a sentence where the definition is expressed by an infinitive:
I had a wonderful opportunity to come to the seashore every morning.
There was an opportunity (what?) to come - this is an inconsistent definition.
The example sentences discussed above suggest that this type of definition is most often found after the word it refers to.
How to distinguish a consistent definition from an inconsistent one
In order not to get confused about what definition is in the sentence, you can follow the algorithm:
- Find out what part of speech the definition is.
- Look at the type of connection between the definition and the word to which it refers (coordination - agreed definition, control and adjacency - inconsistent definition). Examples: meowing kitten - communication agreement, definition meowing - agreed; box made of wood - communication control, definition of wood inconsistent.
- Pay attention to where the definition is in relation to the main word. The main word is most often preceded by an agreed upon definition, and after that by an inconsistent definition. Examples: meeting (what?) with investors - the definition is inconsistent, it comes after the main word; deep ravine - agreed definition, comes after the main word.
- If the definition is expressed in a stable combination or phraseological turn, it will certainly be inconsistent: she was (what?) neither fish nor fowl. Phraseologism neither fish nor fowl acts as an inconsistent definition.
The table will help to distinguish between consistent and inconsistent definitions.
Parameter | Agreed | Inconsistent |
What is expressed | 1. Adjective. 2. Pronoun. 3. Communion. 4. Numeral. | 1. Noun with or without preposition. 2. Infinitive. 3. Adverb. 4. Comparative adjective. 5. Pronoun. 6. Indivisible combination, phraseological unit. |
Type of communication | Agreement in gender, number and case | 1. Management. 2. Adjacency. |
Position | Before the main word | After the main word |
The concept of separation
Situations often arise when a sentence contains separate agreed and inconsistent definitions that require highlighting with appropriate punctuation marks (commas or dashes). Separating always implies two identical punctuation marks; it should not be confused, for example, with commas when homogeneous members, where single commas are used. In addition, the use of two different signs when isolating is a gross mistake, which indicates a lack of understanding of this linguistic phenomenon.
Separating agreed definitions with commas is a more frequent phenomenon than isolating inconsistent ones. To determine whether a comma is necessary, you need to pay attention to two aspects:
- The position of a separate definition in relation to the word being defined.
- How are the members of the sentence involved in isolation expressed (the actual definition and the word being defined): history (what?) majestic - adjective; centuries (how many?) twenty - numeral.
Separating agreed definitions
If the agreed definition comes after the word being defined, it must be separated by commas if:
- It is a participial phrase. For example: A basket of mushrooms, collected the day before, stood in the cellar. Here the isolated definition collected the day before is a participial phrase, which is found after the word being defined, basket.
- It is an adjective with dependent words. For example: Through the glass, crystal clear, everything that was happening in the yard was visible. Here the definition of crystal clear is an adjective (pure) and its dependent word (crystal). It is necessary to put commas, because this phrase is located after the word glass, which is defined.
- Definitions must be separated if there is another definition before the word being defined. For example: Autumn days, bright and sunny, soon faded away. The definition of autumn is located before the word days; accordingly, the definition of bright and sunny must be separated by commas.
- Definitions are not common and are found in the sentence after the word being defined. For example: The southern night, black and warm, was full of mysterious sounds. The definitions black and warm are two uncommon adjectives connected by the conjunction and. There may be this option: The southern night, black, warm, was full of mysterious sounds. In this example, there is no conjunction, but the definition is still isolated.
In the latter case, you need to be more careful, because there are situations when the definition is closely related in meaning to the word it refers to, so there is no need to separate it with commas. For example:
In a country far from home Loneliness feels somehow special.
The definition of far from home should not be separated by commas, because without it the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
The isolation of the agreed definition located before the word being defined is necessary if it has the meaning of reason or concession. For example:
Exhausted by the difficult trek, the tourists were glad to set up camp.
IN in this case the definition of exhausted by a long march stands out because it is used in the meaning of reason: since the tourists were exhausted by the difficult march, they were glad to set up camp. Another example:
Not yet greened, the trees are elegant and festive.
Here the definition of not yet greened has a concession meaning: despite the fact that the trees have not yet greened up, they are elegant and festive.
Separating inconsistent definitions
Isolated, inconsistent definitions are quite rare. Usually they are paired with matched ones. Thus, isolated inconsistent definitions are usually used after the word being defined and are associated with the agreed connection.
For example:
This coat, new, ribbed, suited Natasha very well.
In this example, the inconsistent ribbed definition is related to the agreed upon new one, so it must be separated.
Here is another sentence with a separate, inconsistent definition:
Quite by chance we met Andrey, covered in dust and tired.
In this case, the inconsistent definition in the dust is associated with the agreed upon tired, so commas are required.
It is not necessary to separate with commas the cases where there are separate inconsistent definitions before the agreed one. Examples:
From a distance we saw sailors in ironed uniforms, happy and satisfied.
In this case, there is no need to isolate the inconsistent definition in a smoothed form, because after it there are agreed ones: happy, satisfied.
In classical literature one can find both non-isolated and isolated inconsistent definitions. Examples:
Two stearine candles, in traveling silver chandeliers, burned in front of him. (Turgenev I.S.) and Three soldiers in greatcoats, with guns on their shoulders, walked in step to take their shift to the company box (Tolstoy L.N.).
In the sentence from Turgenev's work, the inconsistent definition in traveling silver chandeliers is isolated, but the sentence of the same construction by Tolstoy is not. In the latter there are no punctuation marks for definitions in greatcoats, with guns.
As a rule, inconsistent definitions related to the predicate group are not isolated. Let's look at last example: they walked (how? in what?) with guns, in greatcoats.
Application as a special type of definition
A special type of definition is application. It is always expressed by a noun. A distinction must be made between applications and inconsistent definitions. The latter are associated with the defined word by control, while between the application and the main word there is agreement.
For example, let's compare two sentences:
1. You, as the chief engineer, must oversee this project.
2. This woman in a white robe made the guys murmur.
In the first case, we have an engineer application. Let's prove this by bending the main thing and the definition of the word. You are an engineer - you are an engineer - you are an engineer - you are an engineer, etc. Between the words, the connection of agreement is clearly visible, accordingly, we have an application in front of us. Let's try to do the same with the definition from the second sentence. A woman in a white coat - women in a white coat - a woman in a white coat. Communication is management, so we see an inconsistent definition here.
In addition, the application simply names the object differently, while the inconsistent definition is some kind of attribute of it.
Segregation of applications
A single application is usually hyphenated: sister-mistress, lord commander. In certain cases, the application will be separated. Let's sort them out.
The application that refers to the personal pronoun is isolated. Examples:
1. Should she, an excellent student, take care of the test?
Here the application to the excellent student refers to the pronoun she.
2. Here it is, the reason.
We separate the application reason because it refers to the pronoun she.
A common application is isolated if it is located after the word being defined. Examples:
1. The brave captain, the thunder of the seas, easily navigated any reefs.
The application thunderstorm of the seas is a common one (thunderstorm of (what?) seas), so you need to separate it with commas.
2. The girl, everyone’s favorite, received the best gift.
The application everyone's favorite is used after the defined word girl.
Applications with the meaning of reason, concession, clarification are isolated (with it there is a conjunction like). Example:
You, as an investor, can control the work of employees. - You can control the work of subordinates because you are an investor (meaning of reason).
Here you need to be careful, because the application with the union as in the meaning “as” is not isolated. For example:
As a school discipline, mathematics develops well logical thinking. - As a school discipline, mathematics develops logical thinking well. There is no need for separation.
If standalone application is at the end of a sentence - it can be highlighted with a dash. For example:
The other sisters, Elizaveta and Sophia, are also similar.
The application Elizaveta and Sophia is at the end of the sentence, so it is separated by a dash.
Inconsistent definitions, as opposed to consistent ones, are associated with
Defined by a word based on the method of control (a writer’s story, a boat with
Sails) or adjacency (desire to work).
They can be expressed by nouns in indirect cases without
Prepositions. The most common type is definitions,
Expressed by a noun in the genitive case (student’s mother,
Teacher's work).
More often than others, inconsistent definitions are used, meaning
A sign of a defined object in relation. These definitions by meaning
Correlative with agreed upon definitions, but possesses in comparison with
They have great possibilities for specifying and clarifying the characteristic, since
The following definitions may be added:
His father's jacket hangs on the wall;
My father's jacket hangs on the wall.
Inconsistent definitions expressed by a noun in
The genitive case can denote a characteristic by its bearer:
With the love of an artist, he surrendered himself to new and unexpected impressions
(I. A. Goncharov).
Inconsistent definitions expressed by the genitive case of the name
A noun with an abstract meaning can denote a characteristic,
Revealing and clarifying the content of the concept. Such definitions are often
Correlative with agreed upon definitions, expressed relative and
Qualitative adjectives allow synonymous replacement:
peace policy – peace policy;
history of the fatherland - domestic history.
Inconsistent definitions may denote a characteristic by an agent,
Producer action:
I quickly turned to the door, waiting for my accuser to appear.
(A.S. Pushkin).
A special group consists of inconsistent definitions expressed
Pronominal nouns of the 3rd person in the genitive case form,
For example:
I see their house.
Her friend came.
It should be noted that such definitions usually appear before the defined
In a word and in this they differ from the inconsistent definitions expressed
Genitive case of nouns.
A small group consists of definitions expressed by the name
A noun in the instrumental case without a preposition. Their semantics
Diverse. They can denote “a characteristic by similarity and character
Actions. In the latter case, the definitions refer to the members of the sentence,
Expressed by verbal nouns, and correlative with
Circumstances of the manner of action with the corresponding verbs.”
For example:
The offensive began with entire battalions.
We began to advance in whole battalions.
No less diverse is the semantics of inconsistent definitions expressed
Nouns in indirect cases with prepositions. "Uncoordinated
Definitions expressed by nouns in indirect cases with
Various prepositions, ...represent a living and developing in Russian
A language is a way of expressing a definition. The wealth of meanings of prepositions
Determine the breadth of meanings and diversity in shades of characteristics,
Denoted by inconsistent definitions of this type.”
The names of the above group serve as inconsistent definitions
Nouns included in noun phrases and expressing the actual
Definitive relations (and defining relations with various
Additional shades of meaning).
Inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns with
Prepositions usually characterize defined objects by place, time,
Causal or target relationships. This distinguishes them from definitions
Expressed by nouns without prepositions.
The most commonly used definitions are those expressed by the name
Noun in the genitive case with different prepositions, in the instrumental case
Case with the preposition s and in the prepositional case with the preposition v. And yet these types
Definitions are significantly inferior to those expressed by names
Nouns in the genitive case without a preposition, according to usage and
Variety of meanings.
Among the inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in
In the genitive case with various prepositions, the following can be distinguished:
1) definitions with the preposition from, denoting a characteristic based on the material:
leaves panel; plank shed;
2) definitions with the preposition from, denoting a characteristic by origin:
commander of officers; comes from a working class background;
3) definition with the preposition from under, denoting a sign by substance,
cake box.
Widespread ones include definitions expressed by names
Nouns in the genitive case with prepositions from, from under, with, at, from,
Near, near, against, denoting a sign of the identified object:
1) according to its belonging to the place, territory;
2) by location or direction.
For example:
1. She often noticed in all the people from the city something childish and
smiled condescendingly (M. Gorky).
2. All the paths of the garden, which covered the slope opposite our houses, were to me
known (M. Yu. Lermontov).
A relatively less common group are
Dative case with prepositions. Moreover, the most common definitions are
Expressed dative case with the preposition by. They have the following meanings:
1. A sign that limits the defined object in any respect:
He is my brother on my mother's side.
2. A sign characterizing the defined object in spatial
regarding:
Houses along the banks appeared less and less often.
Inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in
The accusative case with the prepositions in and on can denote a feature according to
Appearance (polka dot dress), in measure or quantity (way in ten
kilometers), in direction in space (door to room), by purpose
(outfit for crushed stone).
Inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in
The instrumental case with prepositions constitutes a widespread
Group. The most common definitions are with the preposition s. They mean
“a sign of a defined object by the presence of any external
Or internal characteristic feature, qualities or properties." Such
Inconsistent definitions often, in turn, carry with them
Agreed Definitions:
A girl with blue eyes came.
From inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in
In the prepositional case, the most common are constructions with
With the preposition in, definitions with the preposition on are less common. Data
Definitions may refer to:
1) a sign based on the presence of any external feature in an object;
2) characteristics of the object in spatial terms:
1. He recognized the girl in the straw hat
2. The conversation in the kitchen became increasingly louder.
Finally, inconsistent definitions expressed by names
Nouns in the prepositional case with the preposition o (about) reveal
Internal contents of the item:
The issue of inheritance was an important part of the document.
Inconsistent definitions can be expressed qualitatively
Adjectives in the comparative form with the suffixes –e, - ee, - she.
Such definitions indicate a qualitative characteristic of the defined object.
As inherent in it to a greater or lesser extent compared to others
Items:
I don't know a kinder person than him.
But such inconsistent definitions are used in Russian
Relatively rare, due to the widespread development
Complex forms of degrees of comparison. They allow you to express the characteristics of objects
Using an agreed upon definition.
Inconsistent definitions are expressed, moreover, qualitatively
Circumstantial and adverbial adverbs. Such definitions
Designate a feature of an object, characterizing it in terms of quality,
Directions or times, for example:
At the end of the letter there was a signature in French.
She loved horseback riding.
A small group consists of inconsistent definitions related to
To members of a sentence expressed by indefinite pronouns:
Someone in white was sitting on the shore.
Need to download an essay? Click and save - » Inconsistent definitions. And the finished essay appeared in my bookmarks.Inconsistent definitions.