The captain's daughter is complete chapter by chapter. Alexander Pushkin - captain's daughter

Novel " Captain's daughter" Summary

Already during the Boldin autumn of 1830, A.S. Pushkin began to create prose works ("Tales of Belkin"), and also conceived historical story about the infamous peasant war led by Pugachev. The protagonist of the story, on whose behalf the story is being told, is the landowner Pyotr Grinev, who managed to resist the temptation to go over to the side of the rebels.

A very brief retelling of the plot of the novel "The Captain's Daughter"

In 1772, 16-year-old Pyotr Grinev, of noble origin, leaves his father's house with his servant Savelich for military service in Orenburg. Due to inclement weather, the heroes go astray, but they are helped by a tramp. In gratitude, Grinev presents him with a sheepskin coat made of rabbit skins.

Then Grinev serves in the Belgorod fortress under the command of Captain Mironov and falls in love with his daughter Marya. Parents oppose the marriage of the still very young Petya. In 1773, the Pugachev uprising broke out. A gang of peasants seizes the fortress, and Marya's parents die. They want to execute Grinev, but Pugachev recognizes in him a young man who gave him a sheepskin coat a year ago. He turns out to be a vagabond. For a good attitude, the robber releases Peter from custody.

But trouble still threatens the remaining orphan Marya. She is a prisoner in her own house, and the traitor Shvabrin wants to marry her against her will. Grinev decides to turn to the leader of the rebellious peasants personally, and he helps him rescue the girl from the hands of the villain.

The fights continue. Despite desperate resistance, the army defeats the rebels, Pugachev is thrown into prison. Grinev is also arrested because of the denunciation of Shvabrin, an envious admirer of Marya Mironova. The hero is accused of "friendship" with Pugachev, he is threatened with exile. The captain's daughter Marya hurries to help her beloved out of trouble. She asks the Empress for him. Grinev is released, and Pugachev is publicly executed.

The work "The Captain's Daughter" in a summary of the chapters

Chapter 1: Sergeant of the Guard

We learn about the childhood and adolescence of Peter Grinev. They enrolled him in the Semyonovskiy Regiment even before his birth (there was such a tradition in the days of the guards dominance). Baby and adolescence passed merrily - for a certain Beaupre, a teacher French turned out big lover women and alcohol. And one day, when the Frenchman had fun with women and slept peacefully after drinking, Petrusha Grinev thought of turning a geographical map into kite. The enraged head of the family tore his son's ears, then drove the unlucky teacher out of sight.

When Petrusha was sixteen years old, Andrei Petrovich decided that it was time for his son to serve. The minor hoped to get to Petersburg, to have fun from the heart - but no, he had to go to the distant Orenburg province. The stern father firmly decided that his son should really serve in the army, and not hang around idle and participate in court intrigues.

Together with the servant Savelich, the undergrowth set off on a long journey. In a tavern in the city of Simbirsk, Petrusha Grinev first met Captain Zurin. The cunning campaigner easily persuaded the inexperienced youth to play billiards and get very drunk. The youth lost a hundred rubles, and in addition earned a terrible morning hangover. At the request of Petrusha, Savelich gave the very hundred rubles to Zurin.

Chapter 2: Leader

The road to Orenburg was not easy. Because of the storm, the travelers got stuck in the steppe. Fortunately, an unfamiliar Cossack helped to get to the inn. On the way, Pyotr Grinev saw a terrible dream, which turned out to be prophetic. But it turned out later.

At the inn, a conversation began with the counselor. In gratitude for the service, the young master decided to give the mysterious Cossack a hare coat. The Cossack was very pleased.

And soon Grinev finally arrives in Orenburg. The old general, having read a letter from his long-time comrade Andrei Petrovich, sends the undergrowth to the Belogorsk fortress - under the command of Captain Mironov.

Chapter 3: Fortress

The young sergeant of the guard thought that he would come to a fortress with a moat, powerful walls, and a stern commandant. Everything turned out to be completely different: the fortress was a village, there was a palisade around it. And the commandant was not so harsh after all.

Grinev met the commandant himself, and his wife and daughter. Also, the young man met a young officer. It turned out that this was a desperate duelist Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, expelled from the guard for killing an opponent in a duel. At first, a pleasant acquaintance very soon turned into terrible trouble for Petrusha.

Chapter 4: Duel

Gradually, the young campaigner became friends with Masha, the daughter of Captain Mironov. Friendship grew into love, and soon the sergeant of the guard learned a lot of ugly truth about Shvabrin.

After writing the madrigal, Grinev decided to talk to Shvabrin. The desperate bully criticized the poems and said a few bad words about Masha Mironova. Of course, Petrusha got angry.

When it turned out that Aleksey Ivanovich had been wooing the captain's daughter, but was refused, Grinev realized that his rival was a swindler and a slanderer. The duel became inevitable. The opponents fought with swords. The duel ended with Petrusha being severely wounded.

Chapter 5: Love

After five days of unconsciousness, Grinev comes to his senses. It turned out that his love for the captain's daughter did not go unanswered. It would seem that nothing could interfere with the wedding - all that was needed was the approval of Andrei Petrovich. Alas, an unpleasant letter arrived: the father strongly scolded his son for the duel, did not agree to the marriage and decided that the tomboy should be transferred to another place.

Such an unpleasant surprise terribly upset both lovers. Realizing that the wedding was upset, Grinev simply lost heart. It's hard to say how it would have ended, but the famous saying "wouldn't be happy, but misfortune helped" unexpectedly worked. What misfortune? Pugachevshchina!

Chapter 6: Pugachevshchina

Upon learning that Yemelyan Pugachev, who called himself Emperor Peter the Third, was at the head of the Yaik Cossacks' rebellion, the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress was seriously alarmed. Talk about an impostor began, and it became clear that this enemy is very dangerous.

We managed to catch a Bashkir with suspicious papers. It turned out that Pugachev was ready to go to the Belogorsk fortress and demanded that the garrison surrender in a good way. In case of resistance - the death penalty.

Things are bad: Nizhneozernaya fortification is captured, Pugachev is only twenty-five miles from the Belogorsk fortress. Captain Mironov sent his daughter to Orenburg.

Chapter 7: Seizure

Masha could not leave: the fortress was surrounded. Soon a skirmish ensued, it ended predictably: Pugachev captured the fortress. The villain was unhappy - why did the commandant go against the "lawful sovereign"? Captain Mironov's answer was direct: Pugachev is a thief and an impostor, unworthy of the imperial title. The captain was hanged.

This is where it affected prophetic dream Grineva: they decided to hang him. Shvabrin, who had already gone over to the side of the impostor, was looking forward to the death of his enemy. Fortunately, Savelich saved Petrusha from the gallows.

Having received the oath from the villagers, Pugachev was preparing to leave. Captain Mironov's wife, seeing her husband in a noose, was angry: the killer turned out to be a fugitive convict. By order of the impostor, the captain was killed.

Chapter 8: Uninvited Guest

Grinev is worried: the captain's daughter could fall into the hands of a terrible impostor! The young man hurried to the priest, it turned out that, fortunately, Masha was alive, and everything worked out. Having calmed down, Petrusha returned to the commandant's house. Savelich told about the reason for the unexpected complacency of the impostor: it turns out that the drunkard to whom Grinev gave the rabbit coat is none other than Pugachev!

Soon the young guardsman had to go to the formidable impostor. The situation turned out to be difficult: to directly call Pugachev a fraudster - to sign a death warrant for himself, to swear - to betray the Motherland. Luckily, we managed to reach an agreement.

Chapter 9: Separation

Pugachev decided to go to Orenburg. Shvabrin became the commandant, and Grinev was seriously worried - what would happen to Masha? True, a little later, anxious thoughts about her beloved were replaced by another anxiety.

Arkhip Savelyich gave Pugachev a register of stolen items, among which was mentioned the notorious hare sheepskin coat. The impostor was so angry that it seemed that Savelich would come to an end. Fortunately, everything worked out.

Chapter 10: City Siege

A guard sergeant arrived in Orenburg, spoke about the sad fate of Captain Mironov and his wife, about the dangers threatening Masha Mironova, and also about Pugachev's plans.

The authorities of the city decided to defend themselves. In vain - artillery was useless against the cavalry of the rebels, and the siege of Orenburg threatened its inhabitants with starvation.

A little later, Peter met a Cossack and received a letter from Masha Mironova. It turned out that Shvabrin wanted to take her as his wife. Without hesitation, the guardsman goes to the rebellious fortress - to rescue his beloved.

Chapter 11: Rebel Settlement

After serious adventures, Peter and Savelich ended up in a fortress where Pugachev was in charge. Having got to the false sovereign, Grinev told that Shvabrin was offending an orphan girl.

The next day, the young warrior and the impostor went to the Belogorsk fortress. An interesting conversation ensued along the way.

Chapter 12: Orphan

Pugachev helps Pyotr Grinev rescue the captain's daughter from the hands of the insidious deceiver Shvabrin. A couple in love goes on a journey. True, the young guardsman is in danger, for he is suspected of being friends with Pugachev.

Chapter 13: Arrest

Unexpectedly, Petrusha runs into Zurin, the same partner in billiards. They talked, and Zurin gave good advice: let captain's daughter will go to Grinev's parents, and he himself will take part in the hunt for the impostor. The advice was helpful.

True, Pugachev turned out to be extremely resourceful, but the terrible war soon came to an end. It would seem that now nothing interferes with the wedding, but no, a new misfortune has befallen. This time the hero was on trial.

Chapter 14: Judgment

Needless to say, the young guardsman got involved in a big way. And it soon turned out that the incorrigible scoundrel Shvabrin turned out to be the scammer. Grinev was threatened with exile to Siberia, as retribution for his friendship with an impostor. Masha Mironova went to Petersburg to talk to the Empress. First there was a meeting with a lady, a serious conversation and a promise to keep this meeting a secret.

Then it turned out that the Empress herself was the mysterious lady. Pyotr Grinev was acquitted.

Characteristics of heroes:

Main characters:

• Pyotr Grinev – main character story, recalling the events of his life before marriage. An honest man, overcame the temptation to support Pugachev. The author of the madrigal poem.
• Masha Mironova - the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. Beloved Grinev, later his wife. She managed to meet with the Empress and convince her of Petrusha's innocence.
• Alexey Shvabrin - Opponent of Pyotr Grinev. Insidious, deceitful, treacherous, vile and cruel. Born traitor.
• Pugachev - the leader of the rebellious Cossacks. An impostor calling himself Emperor Peter Fedorovich.

Secondary characters:

• Arkhip Savelich - uncle (that is, mentor) Grinev. It was Savelich who saved Petrusha from the gallows, reminding Pugachev of the incident with the hare coat.
• Captain Mironov - commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. He was wounded in battle with the rebels, and was executed for refusing to recognize Pugachev as emperor.
• Zurin - a cunning warrior, managed to beat Grinev in billiards, and also get a naive young man drunk.

- If he were a guard, he would be captain tomorrow.

- That is not necessary; let him serve in the army.

- Pretty well said! let him push it...

………………………………………………………

Who is his father?

My father, Andrey Petrovich Grinev, served under Count Munnich in his youth and retired as prime minister in 17…. Since then, he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilievna Yu., the daughter of a poor local nobleman. We were nine children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy.

My mother was still my belly, as I was already enlisted in the Semyonovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of the major of the guard, Prince B., our close relative. If, more than any hope, mother had given birth to a daughter, then the father would have announced the death of the non-appearing sergeant, and that would have been the end of the matter. I was considered on vacation until graduation. At that time, we were brought up not in the modern way. From the age of five, I was given into the hands of the aspirant Savelich, who was granted me uncles for sober behavior. Under his supervision, in the twelfth year, I learned to read and write Russian and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog. At this time, the priest hired a Frenchman for me, Monsieur Beaupre, who was discharged from Moscow along with a year's supply of wine and olive oil. Savelitch did not like his arrival much. “Thank God,” he grumbled to himself, “it seems that the child is washed, combed, fed. Where should you spend extra money and hire Monsieur, as if your own people were gone!”

Beaupré was a hairdresser in his own country, then a soldier in Prussia, then came to Russia pour être outchitel, not really understanding the meaning of this word. He was a kind fellow, but windy and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was a passion for the fair sex; often for his tenderness he received shocks, from which he groaned for whole days. Moreover, he was not (as he put it) and bottle enemy, that is (speaking in Russian) he liked to sip too much. But as wine was served with us only at dinner, and then by a glass, and the teachers usually carried it around, then my Beaupré very soon got used to the Russian tincture and even began to prefer it to the wines of his fatherland, as unlike more useful for the stomach. We got along right away, and although he was contractually obligated to teach me in French, German and all sciences, but he preferred to hastily learn from me how to chat in Russian, and then each of us went about his own business. We lived soul to soul. I didn't want another mentor. But soon fate separated us, and here's the occasion.

The washerwoman Palashka, a fat and pockmarked girl, and the crooked cowherd Akulka somehow agreed at one time to throw themselves at mother's feet, confessing their criminal weakness and complaining with tears about the monsieur who had seduced their inexperience. Mother did not like to joke about this and complained to the father. His reprisal was short. He immediately demanded a French canal. It was reported that Monsieur was giving me his lesson. Father went to my room. At this time, Beaupré slept on the bed with the sleep of innocence. I was busy with business. You need to know that it was discharged for me from Moscow geographic map. It hung on the wall without any use and had long tempted me with the breadth and goodness of the paper. I made up my mind to make a snake out of her, and taking advantage of Beaupré's dream, I set to work. Batiushka came in at the same time as I was fitting a wash tail to the Cape of Good Hope. Seeing my exercises in geography, the priest pulled my ear, then ran up to Beaupre, woke him very carelessly and began to shower reproaches. Beaupré, in dismay, wanted to get up, but could not: the unfortunate Frenchman was dead drunk. Seven troubles, one answer. Batiushka lifted him out of bed by the collar, pushed him out of the door, and on the same day drove him out of the yard, to Savelich's indescribable joy. That was the end of my upbringing.

I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys. Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old. Here my fate changed.

Once in autumn, my mother was making honey jam in the living room, and I, licking my lips, looked at the effervescent foam. Father at the window read the Court Calendar, which he receives every year. This book always had a strong influence on him: he never reread it without special participation, and reading this always produced in him an amazing excitement of bile. Mother, who knew by heart all his habits and customs, always tried to shove the unfortunate book as far away as possible, and in this way the Court Calendar did not catch his eye, sometimes for whole months. On the other hand, when he accidentally found him, he would not let go of his hands for whole hours. So, the father read the Court calendar, occasionally shrugging his shoulders and repeating in an undertone: “Lieutenant General! .. He was a sergeant in my company! .. Cavalier of both Russian orders! .. How long have we ...” Finally, the father threw the calendar on the sofa and plunged into thoughtfulness, which did not bode well.

Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilievna, how old is Petrusha?”

“Yes, the seventeenth year has gone,” answered mother. “Petrusha was born in the same year that Aunt Nastasya Gerasimovna became crooked, and when else ...”

“Good,” the priest interrupted, “it’s time for him to serve. It’s enough for him to run around girls’ rooms and climb dovecotes.”

The thought of an imminent separation from me struck my mother so much that she dropped the spoon into the saucepan and tears flowed down her face. On the contrary, it is difficult to describe my admiration. The thought of service merged in me with thoughts of freedom, of the pleasures of Petersburg life. I imagined myself as an officer of the guard, which, in my opinion, was the height of human well-being.

Batiushka did not like either to change his intentions or to postpone their fulfillment. The day of my departure was fixed. The day before, the priest announced that he intended to write with me to my future boss, and demanded a pen and paper.

“Do not forget, Andrey Petrovich,” said mother, “to bow from me to Prince B.; I, they say, hope that he will not leave Petrusha with his favors.

- What nonsense! - Father answered with a frown. - Why should I write to Prince B.?

“Why, you said that you would deign to write to Petrusha’s chief.

- Well, what is there?

- Why, the chief Petrushin is Prince B. After all, Petrusha is enlisted in the Semenovsky regiment.

- Recorded by! What do I care if it's recorded? Petrusha will not go to Petersburg. What will he learn by serving in St. Petersburg? wind and hang? No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him sniff gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not a shamaton. Registered in the guard! Where is his passport? bring it here.

Mother found my passport, which was kept in her casket along with the shirt in which I was baptized, and handed it to the priest with a trembling hand. Batiushka read it with attention, put it on the table in front of him, and began his letter.

Curiosity tormented me: where are they sending me, if not to Petersburg? I did not take my eyes off Batiushkin's pen, which moved rather slowly. Finally, he finished, sealed the letter in the same package with his passport, took off his glasses and, calling me, said: “Here is a letter for you to Andrey Karlovich R., my old comrade and friend. You are going to Orenburg to serve under his command.”

So, all my brilliant hopes collapsed! Instead of a cheerful Petersburg life, boredom awaited me in a deaf and distant side. The service, which for a minute I thought with such enthusiasm, seemed to me a grave misfortune. But there was nothing to argue! The next day, in the morning, a traveling wagon was brought up to the porch; they put a suitcase in it, a cellar with a tea set, and bundles of rolls and pies, the last signs of home pampering. My parents blessed me. The father said to me: “Goodbye, Peter. Serve faithfully to whom you swear; obey the bosses; do not chase after their affection; do not ask for service; do not excuse yourself from the service; and remember the proverb: take care of the dress again, and honor from youth. Mother, in tears, ordered me to take care of my health, and Savelich to look after the child. They put a hare coat on me, and a fox coat on top. I got into the wagon with Savelich and set off on the road, shedding tears.

Pushkin's interest in the history of Russia has always manifested itself very clearly, most of all the poet was attracted by the theme of popular uprisings, led by Emelyan Pugachev and Stenka Razin. The result of the poet's reworking of folk songs about Stepan Razin was his lyric songs about this folk hero. The poet devoted a lot of time to collecting and processing information concerning the personality of Pugachev. Such interest was due to the fact that at the same time a wave of peasant uprisings passed through Russia. Pugachev's personality was ambiguous, collecting and analyzing historical facts about him, Pushkin tried to figure out what this "villain" and "rebel" was after all. The result of painstaking and many years of work on the "History of Pugachev" was Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", in which the author vividly depicted the events of the time of "Pugachevshchina". On our website, you can read the story "The Captain's Daughter" in full, without abbreviations, and prepare for the analysis of this work.

A painstaking study of historical materials helped Pushkin to reliably recreate the pictures of a bloody war and a peasant revolt, terrible in its ruthlessness (“God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!”). The main character of the story "The Captain's Daughter" is Pyotr Grinev, a young man who is sent to serve in the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, he meets Emelyan Pugachev, not knowing that in front of him is the very robber about whom there are so many rumors, in gratitude for his help during a snowstorm, Grinev gives him a rabbit coat. Pyotr, having arrived at the fortress, falls in love with Masha, the commandant's daughter, she reciprocates, but Grinev's parents refuse to accept their son's choice. As a result of a duel with Shvabrin, Peter is wounded. At this time, the flames of rebellion flare up. Pugachev with his army captures the fortress, and executes the nobles who refused to swear allegiance to him. Peter's colleague, Shvabrin, goes over to the side of the rebels. Masha's parents become victims of the invaders. Grinev is saved from execution by Pugachev himself, who recognizes in him the one who gave him a sheepskin coat. He is released, as he honestly explains to Pugachev that he cannot break the oath and go over to his side. He goes to Orenburg and fights on the side of the government. Later, he has to return to the fortress in order to save Masha from the claims of Shvabrin, he succeeds with the help of Pugachev. A former colleague denounces Grinev to government troops, he is arrested. But thanks to Masha, who goes for pardon to the Empress herself, the conclusion did not last long. Young people return to the Grinev estate and play a wedding.

After reading the novel by Alexander Pushkin, the reader remains fascinated by the image of the villain Pugachev, who on the pages of the story sometimes looks fair, wise and sincere. This bloody time in the history of Russia is described in great detail by the writer, there is a terrible hopelessness from the futility of this terrible rebellion. Even the most noble goals do not justify such robbery, as a result of which many innocent people suffered. "The Captain's Daughter", according to most literature programs, is included in the list of works that are studied in the 8th grade. The result of working with the story should be the fulfillment creative work for the development of speech. For a superficial acquaintance with the work, it is enough to read summary. But in order to appreciate the book at its true worth, you need to read it in its entirety. On our site you can download and read all the chapters of the story. And also there is an opportunity to read the text of the work of A.S. Pushkin online, it does not require registration and payment.

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The story is told on behalf of the 50-year-old Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who recalls the time when fate brought him together with the leader of the peasant uprising, Emelyan Pugachev.

Peter grew up in the family of a poor nobleman. The boy practically did not receive education - he himself writes that only by the age of 12, with the help of Uncle Savelich, he was able to "learn to read and write." Until the age of 16, he led the life of an undergrowth, playing with village boys and dreaming of happy life Petersburg, since he was enrolled as a sergeant in the Semenovsky regiment at the time when his mother was pregnant with him.

But his father decided differently - he sent 17-year-old Petrush not to St. Petersburg, but to the army "to sniff gunpowder", to the Orenburg fortress, instructing him to "cherish honor from a young age." Together with him, his tutor Savelich went to the fortress.

On the way to Orenburg, Petrusha and Savelich got into a snowstorm and got lost, and only the help of a stranger saved them - he led them to the road to housing. In gratitude for the rescue, Petrusha presented the stranger with a hare coat and treated him with wine.

Petrusha comes to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, which does not at all look like a fortified structure. The entire army of the fortress consists of several "disabled", and a single cannon acts as a formidable weapon. The fortress is managed by Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, who is not very educated, but a very kind and honest person. In truth, all affairs in the fortress are conducted by his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna. Grinev closely converges with the commandant's family, spending a lot of time with them. At first, the officer Shvabrin, who serves in the same fortress, also becomes his friend. But soon Grinev and Shvabrin quarrel because Shvabrin speaks unflatteringly about Mironov's daughter, Masha, who Grinev really likes. Grinev challenges Shvabrin to a duel, during which he is wounded. While caring for the wounded Grinev, Masha tells him that once Shvabrin asked for her hand in marriage and was refused. Grinev wants to marry Masha and writes a letter to his father, asking for blessings, but his father does not agree to such a marriage - Masha is a dowry.

October 1773 arrives. Mironov receives a letter informing him of the Don Cossack Pugachev posing as the late emperor Peter III. Pugachev had already gathered a large army of peasants and captured several fortresses. Belogorsk fortress is preparing to meet Pugachev. The commandant is going to send his daughter to Orenburg, but does not have time to do this - the fortress is captured by the Pugachevites, whom the villagers greet with bread and salt. All employees in the fortress are taken prisoner and must take an oath of allegiance to Pugachev. The commandant refuses to take the oath and is hanged. His wife also dies. But Grinev suddenly finds himself free. Savelich explains to him that Pugachev is the same stranger to whom Grinev once gave a hare coat.

Despite the fact that Grinev openly refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev, he lets him go. Grinev leaves, but Masha remains in the fortress. He is sick, and the local priest tells everyone that she is her niece. Shvabrin, who swore allegiance to Pugachev, was appointed commandant of the fortress, which cannot but disturb Grinev. Once in Orenburg, he asks for help, but does not receive it. Soon he receives a letter from Masha, in which she writes that Shvabrin demands that she marry him. If she refuses, he promises to tell the Pugachevites who she is. Grinev, together with Savelich, went to the Belogorsk fortress, but on the way they were captured by the Pugachevites and met again with their leader. Grinev honestly tells him where and why he is going, and Pugachev, unexpectedly for Grinev, decides to help him "punish the offender of the orphan."

In the fortress, Pugachev frees Masha and, despite Shvabrin telling him the truth about her, lets her go. Grinev takes Masha to his parents, and he returns to the army. Pugachev's speech fails, but Grinev is also arrested - at the trial, Shvabrin says that Grinev is Pugachev's spy. He is sentenced to eternal exile in Siberia, and only Masha's visit to the Empress helps to achieve his pardon. But Shvabrin himself was sent to hard labor.

The basis of the novel by Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", conceived in 1833, was based on materials about the Pugachev rebellion. And this is quite reasonable, because the author then worked on historical outline"History of Pugachev". Alexander Sergeevich managed to collect unique material about these events thanks to a trip to the Urals, where he had the opportunity to communicate with living Pugachevites and record their stories.

As at that time, almost two hundred years ago, so now this work will be interesting to the reader.

The main characters of the novel:

Petr Andreevich Grinev

Petr Andreevich Grinev- a sixteen-year-old boy, the son of retired Prime Major Grinev, whom his father sent to military service in the Orenburg fortress. By the will of fate, he ended up in the Belgorod fortress, where he fell in love with the daughter of Captain Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, Maria Ivanovna. Pyotr Andreevich is a decent man, who does not tolerate meanness and betrayal, selfless, striving at all costs to protect his bride at a time when she falls into the hands of the traitor Shvabrin, an evil and terrible man. To do this, he risks his life and contacts the rebel Emelyan Pugachev, although he does not even allow the thought of betrayal and that, like Shvabrin, go over to the side of the enemy and swear allegiance to the impostor. Distinctive feature Grineva - the ability to be grateful for kindness. At the moment of obvious danger threatening from Pugachev, he shows wisdom and disposes the robber to himself.

Emelyan Pugachev

Emelyan Pugachev - the controversial image of the chieftain of a gang of robbers who rebelled against the nobles, will not leave indifferent any of the readers. It is known from history that this is a real person, a Don Cossack, the leader of the peasant war, the most famous of the impostors who pretended to be Peter III. During Grinev's first meeting with Pugachev, he sees that the appearance of the rebel is not remarkable: a forty-year-old man, broad-shouldered, thin, shifty eyes, and a pleasant, albeit roguish expression.

Cruel and harsh, without mercy cracking down on generals and those who do not want to swear allegiance to him, Pugachev, however, during the third meeting with Grinev, reveals himself as a person who wants to give mercy to whomever he wants (of course, it is clear that he played the sovereign ). Emelyan is even dependent on the opinion of his entourage, although, contrary to the advice of those close to him, he does not want to execute Peter and acts for his own reasons. He understands that his game is dangerous, but it is too late to repent. After the rebel was caught, he was subjected to a well-deserved death penalty.

Maria Ivanovna Mironova

Maria Ivanovna Mironova is the daughter of the captain of the Belogorod fortress, Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, a kind, pretty, meek and modest girl, capable of loving passionately. Her image is the personification of high morality and purity. Thanks to the dedication of Masha, who wished at all costs to save her beloved from lifelong shame due to imaginary betrayal, her beloved Peter returned home completely justified. And this is not surprising, because kind girl sincerely told Catherine II real truth.

Alexey Shvabrin

Alexey Shvabrin is the exact opposite of Pyotr Grinev in actions and character. A crafty, mocking and evil person, able to adapt to circumstances, he achieves his goal through deceit and slander. A blow in the back during a duel with Grinev, going over to the side of the rebel Pugachev after the capture of the Belogorod fortress, mockery of the poor orphan Masha, who would never want to become his wife, reveal the true face of Shvabrin - a very low and mean person.

Minor Heroes

Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Peter's father. Strict with his son. Not wanting to look for easy ways for him, at the age of sixteen he sends the young man to serve in the army, and by the will of fate he ends up in the Belogorodsk fortress.

Ivan Kuzmich Mironov- the captain of the Belogorodskaya fortress, where the events of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" unfold. Kind, honest and faithful, devoted to the Fatherland, who wished to die rather than break the oath.

Vasilisa Egorovna- the wife of Captain Mironov, kind and economic, who was always aware of all the events in the fortress. She died from the saber of a young Cossack on the threshold of her house.

Savelich- Grinev's serf, assigned to Petrusha from childhood, a devoted servant, an honest and decent person, always ready to help and protect the young man in everything. Thanks to Savelich, who stood up for the young master in time, Pugachev did not execute Peter.

Ivan Ivanovich Zuev- the captain who beat Petrusha in Simbirsk and demanded a debt of one hundred rubles. Having met Pyotr Andreevich for the second time, he persuaded the officer to serve in his detachment.

Palashka- Fortress of the Mironovs. The girl is smart and brave. Fearlessly seeks to help his mistress, Maria Ivanovna.

Chapter first. Sergeant of the Guard

In the first chapter, Petr Grinev talks about his childhood. His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, was a prime minister, and since he retired, he settled in a Siberian village and married Avdotya Vasilievna Yu, the daughter of a poor nobleman, who gave birth to nine children. Many of them did not survive, and Peter himself, from the womb of his mother, was "enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of the major of the guard, Prince B ...".

Grinev's childhood was at first unremarkable: until the age of twelve, Petya was under the supervision of Savelich, having learned Russian literacy; then the father hired the French hairdresser Beaupre for the boy, but the lessons with him did not last long. For drunkenness and obscene behavior, the father kicked out the Frenchman, and since then the child has been partially left to himself. However, from the age of sixteen, the fate of Peter Grinev changed dramatically.

“It’s time for him to serve,” my father once said. And then, having written a letter to Andrei Karlovich R., his old comrade and having collected his son, he sent him to Orenburg (instead of St. Petersburg, where the young man was supposed to go to serve in the guard). Petya did not like this abrupt change of circumstances, but there was nothing to be done: he had to put up with it. The servant Savelich was ordered to look after him. On the way, stopping at a tavern where there was a billiard room, Peter met Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, the captain of the hussar regiment. At first, it would seem that their friendship began to grow stronger, but out of inexperience, the young man succumbed to the persuasion of a new acquaintance and lost a whole hundred rubles to him, and besides, he also drank a lot of punch, which greatly upset the servant. The money had to be given away, much to Savelich's displeasure.

Chapter two. counselor

Peter felt guilty and was looking for an opportunity to make peace with Savelich. After talking with the servant and relieving his soul, the young man promised to continue to behave smarter, but still it was a pity for the money thrown to the wind.

A blizzard was approaching, as foreshadowed by a small cloud. The coachman offered to turn back to avoid severe bad weather, but Peter did not agree and ordered to go faster. As a result of such carelessness on the part of young man it appeared that a blizzard had overtaken them. Suddenly, in the distance, the travelers saw a man, and, having caught up with him, asked how to get on the road. Sitting in the wagon, the traveler began to assure that the village was not far away, because there was a breeze of smoke. Heeding the advice of the stranger, the coachman, Savelich and Pyotr went to the place where he spoke. Grinev dozed off and suddenly saw unusual dream which he later considered prophetic.

Peter dreamed that he returned to his estate, and a sad mother reported about his father's serious illness. She brought her son to the sick bed so that dad would bless him before his death, but instead of him the young man saw a man with a black beard. “This is your imprisoned father; kiss his hand and let him bless you ... ”mother insisted, but since Peter would not agree to anything, the black-bearded man suddenly jumped up and began swinging his ax right and left.

Many people died, dead bodies lay everywhere, and the terrible man kept calling the young man to come under his blessing. Peter was very frightened, but suddenly he heard the voice of Savelitch: “We have arrived!” They ended up in an inn, and entered a clean, bright room. While the owner was fussing about tea, future soldier asked where their leader was. "Here," a voice suddenly answered from the board. But when the owner started an allegorical conversation with him (as it turned out, telling jokes about the affairs of the Yaik army), Peter listened to him with interest. Finally, everyone fell asleep.

The next morning, the storm subsided, and the travelers again began to gather on the road. The young man wished to thank the counselor by presenting him with a hare coat, but Savelich objected. However, Peter showed perseverance, and the tramp soon became the happy owner of a good, warm thing from the master's shoulder.

Arriving in Orenburg, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev appeared before the general, who knew his father well and therefore treated the young man favorably. Having decided that there was nothing for him to do in Orenburg, he decided to transfer him as an officer to the *** regiment, and send him to the Belogorod fortress, to Captain Mironov, an honest and good man. This upset the young soldier, because he went to study discipline in an even greater wilderness.

We bring to your attention where strong and outstanding personalities are described, inside each of which a conflict is ripening, which inevitably leads to tragic consequences.

Chapter three. Fortress

Belogorsk fortress, located forty miles from Orenburg, contrary to Peter's expectations, was an ordinary village. The commandant's office turned out to be a wooden house. The young man went into the hallway, then into the house, and saw an old woman in a headscarf sitting by the window. She called herself the hostess. Having learned the reason for which Peter appeared to them, the grandmother consoled him: “And you, father, do not be sad that you were put in our backwoods ... Endure - fall in love ...”

So it began for a sixteen year old boy new life. The next morning he met Shvabrin, a young man exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel. He was smart and far from stupid.

When Vasilisa Yegorovna invited Pyotr Andreevich to dinner, the new comrade followed him. During the meal, the conversation flowed peacefully, the hostess asked a lot of questions. We touched on different topics. It turned out that Masha, the captain's daughter, is very timid, unlike her brave mother. Grinev had conflicting feelings about her, because at first Shvabrin described the girl as stupid.

Chapter Four. Duel

Days passed, and the new life in the Belogorod fortress seemed to Peter to some extent even pleasant. He dined every time with the commandant, got to know Maria Ivanovna better, but Shvabrin's caustic remarks about this or that person ceased to be perceived with the same cheerfulness.

Once Pyotr Andreevich shared with his friend his new poem about Masha (in the fortress he sometimes worked on creativity), but unexpectedly he heard a lot of criticism. Shvabrin literally ridiculed every line written by Grinev, and it is not surprising that a serious quarrel arose between them, threatening to turn into a duel. The desire for a duel nevertheless established itself in the hearts of former comrades, but, fortunately, Ivan Ignatievich prevented the implementation of a dangerous plan, arriving in time to the place of the appointed duel.

However, the first attempt was followed by another, especially since Grinev already knew the reason why Shvabrin treats Masha so badly: it turns out that last year he wooed her, but the girl refused. Fueled by a feeling of extreme dislike for Alexei Ivanovich, Peter agreed to a duel. This time it ended worse: Grinev was wounded in the back.

We bring to your attention the poem by A.S. Pushkin, which combines the story of the fate of an ordinary resident of St. Petersburg, who suffered during the flood, Eugene and historical and philosophical reflections on the state ...

Chapter five. Love

For five days the young man lay unconscious, and when he woke up, he saw in front of him an alarmed Savelich and Maria Ivanovna. Suddenly, Grinev's love for the girl so gripped that he felt extraordinary joy, all the more convinced that Masha had reciprocal feelings. Young people dreamed of linking their destinies, but Peter was afraid not to receive his father's blessing, although he tried to write him a convincing letter.

Youth took its toll, and Peter began to recover quickly. A positive role was played by the joyful mood that the hero of the novel now experienced every day. Being not vindictive by nature, he made peace with Shvabrin.

But suddenly happiness was overshadowed by news from the father, who not only did not agree to the marriage, but scolded his son for his imprudent behavior and threatened to petition to be transferred away from the Belogorodskaya fortress.

In addition, the mother, having learned about the injury only son, fell into bed, which upset Peter even more. But who denounced him? How did father find out about the duel with Shvabrin? These thoughts haunted Grinev, and he began to blame Savelich for everything, but he, in his defense, showed a letter in which Peter's father poured rude expressions at him for concealing the truth.

Maria Ivanovna, having learned about her father's categorical unwillingness to bless them, resigned herself to fate, but began to shun Grinev. And he finally lost heart: he stopped going to the commandant, sat out in the house, even lost his desire to read and all kinds of conversations. But then new events occurred that affected the entire later life Peter Andreevich.

Chapter six. Pugachevshchina

In this chapter, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev describes the situation in the Orenburg province at the end of 1773. During that turbulent time different places indignations broke out, and the government took strict measures to suppress the riots from the wild peoples who inhabited the province. Trouble also reached the Belogorodskaya fortress. On that day, all the officers were urgently summoned to the commandant, who told them important news about the threat of an attack on the fortress by the rebel Yemelyan Pugachev and his gang. Ivan Kuzmich sent his wife and daughter in advance to visit the priest, and during a secret conversation he closed the maid Palashka in a closet. When Vasilisa Yegorovna returned, at first she could not ask her husband what really happened. However, when she saw how Ivan Ignatievich was preparing a cannon for battle, she guessed that someone might attack the fortress and tricked him out of information about Pugachev.

Then harbingers of trouble began to appear: a Bashkir, captured with outrageous letters, who at first they wanted to flog to get information, but, as it turned out later, not only his ears and nose, but also his tongue were cut off; An alarming message from Vasilisa Egorovna that the Lower Lake Fortress was taken, the commandant and all the officers were hanged, and the soldiers were captured.

Peter was very worried about Maria Ivanovna and her mother, who were in danger, and therefore offered to hide them for a while in the Orenburg fortress, but Vasilisa Yegorovna was categorically against leaving home. Masha, whose heart was languishing from the sudden parting with her beloved, was hastily collected on the road. The girl, sobbing, said goodbye to Peter.

Chapter seven. Attack

Unfortunately, the alarming forecasts came true - and now Pugachev and his gang set about the fortress. All roads to Orenburg were cut off, so Masha did not have time to evacuate. Ivan Kuzmich, anticipating his imminent death, blessed his daughter and said goodbye to his wife. Ferocious rebels rushed into the fortress and captured the officers and commandant. Ivan Kuzmich, as well as Lieutenant Ivan Ignatievich, who did not want to swear allegiance to Pugachev, who pretended to be the sovereign, were hanged on the gallows, but Grinev escaped death thanks to the kind and faithful Savelich. The old man begged the "father" for mercy, offering to hang him, but let the master's child go. Peter was released. Ordinary soldiers swore allegiance to Pugachev. Vasilisa Yegorovna, who was dragged naked from the commandant's house, began to cry for her husband, cursing the runaway convict - and died from the saber of a young Cossack.

Chapter eight. Uninvited guest

Alarmed by the uncertainty about the fate of Masha, Pyotr Andreevich entered the commandant's ruined house, but saw only a frightened Broadsword, who said that Maria Ivanovna was hidden at the priest, Akulina Pamfilovna.

This news excited Grinev even more, because Pugachev was there. He rushed headlong to the priest's house and, entering the hall, saw the feasting Pugachevites. Quietly asking Broadsha to call Akulina Pamfilovna, he asked the priest about Masha's condition.

Lying, my dear, on my bed ... - she answered and said that Pugachev, when he heard Masha's moan, began to wonder who was behind the partition. Akulina Pamfilovna had to come up with a story on the go about her niece, who has been sick for the second week. Pugachev wished to look at her, no persuasion helped. But, fortunately, everything worked out. Even Shvabrin, who went over to the side of the rebels and now feasted with Pugachev, did not betray Maria.

A little reassured, Grinev came home, and there Savelyich surprised him by saying that Pugachev was none other than a tramp they met on the way to Orenburg, to whom Pyotr Andreevich gave a rabbit sheepskin coat.

Suddenly, one of the Cossacks came running and said that the ataman was demanding Grinev to come to him. I had to obey, and Peter went to the commandant's house, where Pugachev was. The conversation with the impostor evoked conflicting feelings in the soul of the young man: on the one hand, he understood that he would never swear allegiance to the newly-minted ataman, on the other hand, he could not put himself at risk of death, calling him a deceiver in his eyes. Meanwhile, Emelyan was waiting for an answer. "Listen; I’ll tell you the whole truth,” the young officer spoke up. - Judge, can I recognize you as a sovereign? You are a smart man: you yourself would see that I am deceitful.

Who am I, according to you?
- God knows you; but whoever you are, you are playing a dangerous joke…”

In the end, Pugachev gave in to Peter's request and agreed to let him go.

Chapter nine. Parting

Pugachev generously let Grinev go to Orenburg, ordering him to report that he would be there in a week, and appointed Shvabrin as the new commander. Suddenly, Savelich handed the ataman a piece of paper and asked him to read what was written there. It turns out that it was about the property of the commandant's house plundered by the Cossacks and about compensation for damage, which angered Pugachev. However, this time he also pardoned Savelich. And Grinev, before leaving, decided to visit Maria again and, entering the priest's house, he saw that the girl was unconscious, suffering from a severe fever. Anxious thoughts haunted Peter: how to leave a defenseless orphan in the midst of evil rebels. It was especially depressing that Shvabrin, who could harm Masha, became the new commander of the impostors. With pain in his heart, tormented by strong feelings, the young man said goodbye to the one whom he already considered his wife in his soul.

On the way to Orenburg, a traitor-sergeant overtook them with Savelyich, saying that "the father favors a horse and a fur coat from his shoulder," and even half of the money (which he lost along the way). And although the sheepskin coat was not worth even half of what was plundered by the villains, Peter nevertheless accepted such a gift.

Chapter ten. City siege

So, Grinev and Savelich arrived in Orenburg. The sergeant, having learned that those who had arrived were from the Belogorodsk fortress, led them to the general's house, who turned out to be a good-natured old man. From a conversation with Peter, he learned about the terrible death of Captain Mironov, about the death of Vasilisa Yegorovna and that Masha remained at the priest's side.

A few hours later, a military council began, at which Grinev was present. When they began to discuss how to act against criminals - defensively or offensively, only Peter alone expressed a firm opinion that it was necessary to decisively resist the villains. The rest leaned toward a defensive position.

The siege of the city began, as a result of which famine and misfortune raged. Grinev was worried about the unknown about the fate of his beloved girl. And here in again, leaving for the camp of the enemy, unexpectedly, Peter ran into the constable Maksimych, who handed him a letter from Maria Ivanovna. The news, where the poor orphan asked to be protected from Shvabrin, who forcibly forced her to marry him, infuriated Peter. Recklessly, he rushed to the general's house, asking for soldiers to quickly clear the Belogorodskaya fortress, but not finding support, he decided to act on his own.

Chapter Eleven. rebellious settlement

Peter and Savelyich rush to the Belogorod fortress, but on the way they are surrounded by rebels and led to their ataman. Pugachev is again supportive of Grinev. After listening to the request of Pyotr Andreevich to free Masha from the hands of Shvabrin, he decides to go to the fortress. On the way they are talking. Grinev persuades Pugachev to surrender to the mercy of the Empress, but he objects: it is too late to repent ...

Chapter twelve. Orphan

Contrary to Shvabrin's assurances that Maria Ivanovna was ill, Pugachev ordered him to be taken to her room. The girl was in a terrible state: she was sitting on the floor, in a torn dress, with disheveled hair, pale, thin. Nearby stood a jug of water and lay a slice of bread. Emelyan became indignant at Shvabrin for having deceived him by calling Masha his wife, and then the traitor gave out a secret: the girl was not the priest's niece, but the daughter of the deceased Mironov. This angered Pugachev, but not for long. Grinev managed to justify himself here too, because, having learned the truth, the people of the impostor would have killed the defenseless orphan. In the end, to Peter's great joy, Yemelyan allowed him to take the bride. We decided to go to the village to our parents, because it was impossible to stay here or go to Orenburg.

Chapter thirteen. Arrest

In anticipation of a long happiness, Pyotr Andreevich set off on the road with his beloved. Suddenly, with terrible abuse, a crowd of hussars surrounded them, confusing them with Pugachev's traitors. The travelers were arrested. Having learned about the imminent danger of the prison, where the major ordered to put him, and personally bring the girl to him, Grinev rushed to the porch of the hut and boldly entered the room, where, to his surprise, he saw Ivan Ivanovich Zuev. When the situation cleared up, and everyone realized that Maria was not Pugachev’s gossip at all, but the daughter of the late Mironov, Zuev came out and apologized to her.

After some persuasion from Ivan Ivanovich, Grinev decided to remain in his detachment, and send Maria and Savelich to his parents in the village, handing over transmittal letter.

So Pyotr Andreevich began to serve in the Zuev detachment. The centers of the uprising that broke out in places were soon suppressed, but Pugachev was not immediately caught. More time passed before the impostor was neutralized. The war ended, but, alas, Grinev's dreams of seeing his family did not come true. Suddenly, like a bolt from the blue, a secret order came to arrest him.

Chapter fourteen. Court

Although Grinev, who, according to Shvabrin’s denunciation, was considered a traitor, could easily justify himself before the commission, he did not want to involve Maria Ivanovna in this situation, and therefore kept silent about true reason sudden departure from the Orenburg fortress and meeting with Pugachev.

Maria, meanwhile, was cordially received by Peter's parents and sincerely explained why their son was arrested, refuting any thought of treason. However, a few weeks later the priest received a letter saying that Pyotr Grinev had been sentenced to exile and would be sent to an eternal settlement. This news came as a big blow to the family. And then Maria decided to go to St. Petersburg and personally explain the situation, meeting with the empress, Catherine II. Fortunately, the girl's plan was a success, and providence contributed to this. On an autumn morning, already in Petersburg, she got into a conversation with a lady of about forty and told her about the reason for her arrival, not even suspecting that the empress herself was in front of her. sincere words in defense of the one who risked his life for the sake of his beloved, the empress was touched, and she, convinced of Grinev's innocence, gave the order to release him. The happy lovers soon reunited their destinies. Pugachev was overtaken by a well-deserved execution. Standing on the chopping block, he nodded his head to Pyotr Grinev. A minute later, she flew off his shoulders.

"The Captain's Daughter" - a novel by A. S. Pushkin

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