Free society of lovers of Russian literature. Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature An excerpt characterizing the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature

The beginning of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature (its other name is the Society of Competitors of Education and Charity) was laid by Andrei Afanasyevich Nikitin (1790-1859) - a writer, author of comedy and poetry in the Ossian type. On January 17, 1816, the first meeting was held at his apartment, which was attended by the writers brothers Borovkov and Lyutsenko (Efim Petrovich, poet; his translation of Wieland's poem "Vastola" in 1836 was published by A. S. Pushkin).

On January 28, F. N. Glinka was admitted to the new society, in the same year he joined the Decembrist organization, the Union of Salvation, or the Society of True and Faithful Sons of the Fatherland (Glinka at the same time was also a rhetorician in the box "Chosen Michael"). Soon came to Free Society Ryleev, Delvig, Küchelbecker, Somov, Pletnev, Grech (publisher of the magazine "Son of the Fatherland"). In this tripartite union of societies - the secret Decembrist, Masonic (the lodge of the "Elect Michael") and the literary (the last two - legal) - patriotic ideas were affirmed, inextricably linked with freedom.

The founders of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature began to develop a plan for the following major publications:

1) "Full Russian encyclopedia", which contains everything that is known about Russia in relation to history, art, science, literature;

2) "Biographies of many great people of the Fatherland" - a multi-volume publication;

3) A new iconological dictionary with images - this was supposed to be an illustrated history of painting, drawing and engraving;

4) Journal of the works of members of the Society - this publication - "Competitor of Education and Charity" - began to appear in 1819.

The projects of the encyclopedia and the iconological dictionary were not approved by the Minister of Education, who saw here an inappropriate competition between society and the Academy of Sciences, which was more interested in works of such magnitude (however, at that time Karamzin was finishing the eighth volume of his grandiose "History of the Russian State" - not an academy and not a society, but one man). Nevertheless, members of the Free Society began work on biographies of Russian people. A multi-volume biographical dictionary also did not work out, the society did not find support in this either, but a number of biographies planned for the dictionary were placed in the "Competitor" - these are the biographies of the poet Petrov, the commander Suvorov, I. I. Shuvalov and other domestic figures.

F. N. Glinka published in 1816 in the "Son of the Fatherland" "Discourse on the need to have a history Patriotic War 1812" (the first version of this article appeared in S. N. Glinka's Russkiy Vestnik in 1815). "Every thinking mind," wrote Glinka, "will wish to have the means to draw up a complete picture of all the extraordinary incidents that flashed with the brilliance of lightning in thick darkness of this great period... Descendants, with a loud murmur against our carelessness, will demand history... The Russians will especially want to have a living image of that time when the sudden thunder of war awakened the spirit of a great people; when this people, preferring honor and freedom to all the blessings in the world, looked with noble indifference at the devastation of regions, at the fires of their cities, and with unparalleled courage reaped laurels on the ashes and snows of their fatherland... One story triumphs over decay and destruction... O you, mighty opponent of times and occasions, accommodating the deeds of all peoples and beings of all ages, history! prepare the best of your tablets to depict the glory of my fatherland and the exploits of the Russian people! Look what a fiery soul this people, born on the cold snows of the North, has shown... A historian of the Patriotic War must be Russian by birth, deeds, upbringing, deeds and soul. A foreigner, with all his good will, cannot know Russian history so well, so intoxicate with the spirit of the great ancestors of the Russians, so dearly appreciate the famous deeds of the past, so vividly feel insults and admire the glory of the present times.

In this article, Glinka, starting from the history of the Patriotic War, speaks of Russian history in general. He, as it were, proves the regularity of the fact that the history of the Patriotic War is written by A. I. Danilevsky, a participant in it (“The writer must be a witness,” writes Glinka), and the history of Russia by N. M. Karamzin.

"The foreigner," writes Glinka, "will involuntarily deviate from what he got to know from the very early years, to the history of the Romans, Greeks and their fatherland. He involuntarily does not do justice to the winners of Mamai, the conquerors of Kazan, the governors and boyars of the Russian land, who lived and died on the permanent guard of their fatherland. Speaking of the greatness of Russia, a foreigner born in some of the cramped kingdoms of Europe will involuntarily apply his reduced size to everything. Involuntarily, he will not remember how vast the expanse of the globe of the earth is where mighty Russia rests. All the gloominess of the North and all the charms of the South are contained within its limits... The Russian historian will not utter a single line regarding the properties of the people and the spirit of the times. He will not overlook any portents, or signs, or conjectures about the misfortunes that have happened.

The first eight volumes of Karamzin's "History" will be published in 1818. Karamzin, Russian reformer literary language, the language of Russian prose, could take to heart everything Glinka said in his article, with the exception of the following wish: "The Russian historian will try to expel from his writings all words and even turns of speech borrowed from alien dialects. He will not tolerate his syllable dotted was half-Russian or not at all Russian words, as is usually the case in the style of statements and military news.

In the papers of P.I. Pestel, a dictionary of terms that had a foreign origin was preserved, with their replacement by Russians, Pestel suggests replacements: constitution - state charter; aristocracy - noblemanship; tyranny - malevolence; general - governor; theory - speculation; republic - common power; Cabinet of Ministers - Government Duma, etc.

Since 1818, Glinka was actually the head of the Free Society of Russian Literature Lovers, he headed its left, strongest wing and stubbornly pursued patriotic Decembrist ideas.

In 1820-1822, the future Decembrists K. F. Ryleev, A. A. and N. A. Bestuzhevs and A. O. Kornilovich came to the society. Among the members of the society there were already poets Boratynsky, Delvig, Pletnev, Izmailov, Ostolopov, Grigoriev, V. Tumansky.

The name of Bulgarin, which we will mention more than once in this book, should not cut the ear: before the uprising on December 14, 1825, he was not yet an informant of the Third Department.

Bulgarin was closely acquainted with many future Decembrists, including Ryleev, with whom he studied in the cadet corps, although he left there a few years earlier. He published Ryleyev's poems in the 1920s in his journals "Northern Archive" and "Literary Sheets", and Ryleyev published Bulgarin's prose in "Polyarnaya Zvezda". They used to quarrel, and hard. But Ryleev passed away as a friend of Bulgarin, with faith in his decency. What confusion he brought into the soul of Bulgarin, who turned away from his friends on that fateful day! .. On the evening of December 14, Ryleev handed him a part of his archive for safekeeping. Bulgarin did not hand it over to the Third Department - these materials were published in the 1870s in the Russkaya Starina magazine.

The Decembrist Union of Welfare ceased to exist - the decision to dissolve it was made in January 1821 at the Moscow Congress. Almost immediately a new society arose - the Northern, in St. Petersburg. Ryleev followed a straight path to connect with him.

"The first task of history is to refrain from lying, the second is not to hide the truth, the third is not to give any reason to suspect oneself of partiality or prejudiced hostility" "Not knowing history means always being a child" Cicero Mark Tullius

Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature(St. Petersburg) - The highest approved under this name at the beginning of 1818, founded, with the permission of the government, in 1816 under the name of the "Free Society of Competitors of Education and Charity." The goals of the society were, on the one hand, charitable, on the other, literary with indispensable concern for the "purity" of the language; the latter circumstance caused a protest by Shishkov during the approval of the society (see his note in "Readings", 1858, book 2), who found that the society seeks to compete with Russian academy, which is why it poses a danger to the latter. Since 1818, the society published a magazine: “Competitor of education and charity. Proceedings of a free society of lovers of Russian literature. The entire benefit from the publication was determined “by those who, being engaged in sciences and arts, require support and charity; their widows and orphans of both sexes have equal right on the benefit of the society, which for the same purpose will publish useful works and translations of the most famous classical writers in special books, having many already in readiness. The subscription price for the journal was 25 rubles, with a postage of 30 rubles, but since the money went "to help poor scientists and students, then, as the announcement says, those who wish to contribute to this charitable goal can contribute more than the indicated amount for a copy." Offerings flowed into the society quite profusely; among other things, the empress signed for two copies, having contributed 200 rubles. The society rendered significant grants to needy writers; for example, it was given to the novelist V.T. etc. We also find such expenses: “10 rubles were contributed to the local pokrovskoe school for 2 sons of the local tradesman Pavlov.” The chairman, his assistant, secretary, executor, librarian, treasurer and censorship committee, consisting of three censors (poetry, prose and bibliography), three members and a secretary, were elected from among the full members every six months. Society meetings were regular and public. The meeting house of the society was located in the 4th quarter of the 3rd Admiralteyskaya part on Voznesensky prospect, under No. 254. The composition of the society was mixed. There were, of course, almost all modern writers and public figures various directions. The title of "trustees" of the society was worn by: Prince A. N. Golitsyn, Count S. K. Vyazmitinov, O. P. Kozodavlev, I. I. Dmitriev, A. D. Balashov and Count V. P. Kochubey, i.e. representatives of the police and the ministries of public education, internal affairs and justice. At first, Count S. P. Saltykov was the chairman of the society, and since 1819, F. N. Glinka was constantly, and A. E. Izmailov was his assistant. Many members of the society were involved in the conspiracy of the Decembrists and belonged to the Union of Welfare, which should explain that the activities of the society ceased, apparently, at the end of 1825; the magazine was interrupted on the 10th book of 1825 and the address-calendar for 1826 no longer contains a list of the composition of the society.

Material from ENE

(St. Petersburg) - Highest approved under this name at the beginning of the year, founded, with the permission of the government, in the year under the name of the “Free Society of Competitors of Education and Charity”. The goals of the society were, on the one hand, charitable, on the other, literary with indispensable concern for the "purity" of the language; the latter circumstance caused a protest by Shishkov during the approval of the society (see his note in "Readings", g., book 2), who found that the society seeks to compete with the Russian academy, which is why it represents a danger to the latter. Since 1818, the society published a magazine: “Competitor of education and charity. Proceedings of a free society of lovers of Russian literature. The entire benefit from the publication was determined “by those who, being engaged in sciences and arts, require support and charity; their widows and orphans of both sexes have an equal right to the allowance of the society, which for the same purpose will publish useful works and translations of the most famous classical writers in special books, having many already in readiness. The subscription price for the magazine was 25 rubles, with postage 30 rubles, but since the money went "for benefits poor scientists and students, then, the announcement says, those who wish to contribute to this charitable goal can contribute more than the indicated amount for a copy. Offerings flowed into the society quite profusely; among other things, the empress signed for two copies, having contributed 200 rubles. The society rendered significant grants to needy writers; for example, it was given to the novelist V.T. etc. We also find such expenses: “contributed to the local Pokrovsk school for 2 sons of the local tradesman Pavlova 10 rubles. From among the full members, a chairman, his assistant, secretary, performer, librarian, treasurer and censorship committee were chosen every six months, consisting of three censors (poetry, prose and bibliography), three members and a secretary. Society meetings were regular and public. The meeting house of the society was located in the 4th quarter of the 3rd Admiralteyskaya part on Voznesensky prospect, under No. 254. The composition of the society was mixed. There were, of course, almost all modern writers and public figures of various trends. The title of "trustees" of the society was worn by: Prince A. N. Golitsyn, Count S. K. Vyazmitinov, O. P. Kozodavlev, I. I. Dmitriev, A. D. Balashov and Count V. P. Kochubey, that is, representatives of the police and ministries of public education, internal affairs and justice. The chairman of the society was at first Count S. P. Saltykov, and from the city constantly F. N. Glinka, and A. E. Izmailov was his assistant. Many members of the society were involved in the conspiracy of the Decembrists and belonged to the Union of Welfare, which should explain that the activities of the society ceased, apparently, at the end of the year; the magazine was interrupted on the 10th book of 1825 and the list of the composition of the society is no longer in the address-calendar for the year.

The article reproduced material from the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron.

Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, literary public organization, which existed in St. Petersburg in 1816-25. Since 1819, the future Decembrists F. N. Glinka, K. F. Ryleev, N. A. and A. A. Bestuzhevs, V. K. Kuchelbeker, and others have taken a leading position in it. A. S. Griboyedov was accepted as a member of the society. . Problems of science and art were discussed at the meetings in a civil patriotic spirit. The Society published a monthly magazine, Competitor of Enlightenment and Charity.

Society establishment

It was founded, with the permission of the government, in 1816 under the name of the "Free Society of Competitors of Education and Charity." The goals of the society were, on the one hand, charitable, on the other, literary with indispensable concern for the "purity" of the language. The latter circumstance caused a protest by Shishkov when the society was approved, who found that the society was striving to compete with the Russian academy, which is why it posed a danger to the latter. The name has been changed to "Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature" at the beginning of 1818. Since 1818, the society published a magazine: “Competitor of education and charity. Proceedings of a free society of lovers of Russian literature.

Charity

The entire income from the publication was directed “to those who, being engaged in sciences and arts, require support and charity; their widows and orphans of both sexes have an equal right to the allowance of the society, which for the same purpose will publish useful works and translations of the most famous classical writers in special books, having many already in readiness.

Charitable collections flowed into the society quite abundantly; among other things, the empress signed for two copies, contributing 200 rubles at a subscription price of 25 rubles.

Society paid benefits to needy writers. For example, it was given to the novelist V.T. .

Organization

The composition of the society was mixed. There were almost all modern writers and public figures of various trends.

From among the full members, a chairman, his assistant, secretary, performer, librarian, treasurer and censorship committee were elected every six months, consisting of three censors (poetry, prose and bibliography), three members and a secretary.

The title of "trustees" of the society was worn by Prince A. N. Golitsyn, Count S. K. Vyazmitinov, O. P. Kozodavlev, I. I. Dmitriev, A. D. Balashov and Count V. P. Kochubey, that is, representatives of the police and ministries of public education, internal affairs and justice.

The chairman of the society was at first Count S. P. Saltykov, and since 1819 constantly F. N. Glinka, and his assistant A. E. Izmailov.

Society meetings were regular and public. The meeting house of the society was located in the 4th quarter of the 3rd Admiralteyskaya part on Voznesensky Prospekt, under No. 254.

The collapse of society

Many members of the society were involved in the conspiracy of the Decembrists and belonged to the Union of Welfare, which should explain that the activities of the society ceased at the end of 1825. The journal of the society was interrupted on the 10th book of 1825, and in the address-calendar for 1826 there is no longer a list of the composition of the society.

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

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Literary Society in Saint Petersburg in 1816 , A. S. Griboyedov and others ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Society of Competitors, since 1819 also the Scientific Republic), a literary public organization in St. Petersburg in 1816 25. Meetings of the society were held on Voznesensky Prospekt (now Mayorova Prospekt, section of house 41). Since 1819 20 the leading place ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature- (Society of Competitors, since 1819 also the Scientific Republic), a literary public organization in St. Petersburg in 1816-25. Society meetings were held on Voznesensky Prospekt (now Mayorova Prospekt, section of house 41). From 1819-20 leading ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

Literary society in St. Petersburg in 1816 1825. Among the members: F. N. Glinka (chairman), K. F. Ryleev, N. A. and A. A. Bestuzhev, V. K. Kyuchelbeker, N. I. Gnedich, A A. Delvig, A. S. Griboyedov, N. I. Grech, P. A. Pletnev, etc. * * * FREE ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (St. Petersburg) Highest approved under this name at the beginning of 1818, founded, with the permission of the government, in 1816 under the name of the Free Society of Competitors of Education and Charity. The goals of the society were, on the one hand, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Literary public organization that existed in St. Petersburg in 1816–25. Initially, it was of a conservative nature, after the election of the poet F. N. Glinka as chairman (1819), it changed direction. The society included K. F. Ryleev, N. A. and A ... Literary Encyclopedia

A literary public organization that existed in St. Petersburg in 1816 25. Since 1819, the future Decembrists F. N. Glinka, K. F. Ryleev, N. A. and A. A. Bestuzhevs, V. K. Kyuchelbeker and others have taken a leading position in it As a member of the society was ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

FREE SOCIETY OF LOVERS OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE- FREE SOCIETY OF LOVERS OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE, a literary public organization in St. Petersburg (1816 - 1825). Since 1819, the leading position in it was occupied by F. N. Glinka, K. F. Ryleev, N. A. Bestuzhev and A. A. Bestuzhev, V. K. Kyuchelbeker, ... ... Literary encyclopedic Dictionary

Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature

(Society of Competitors, since 1819 also the Scientific Republic), a literary and public organization in St. Petersburg in 1816-25. Society meetings were held on Voznesensky Prospekt (now Mayorova Prospekt, section of house 41). From 1819-20, the leading place in it was occupied by participants in the Decembrist movement: F. N. Glinka (chairman), A. A. Bestuzhev, N. A. Bestuzhev, V. K. Kyuchelbeker, A. O. Kornilovich, K. F. Ryleev, N. I. Turgenev. Among the members are N. I. Gnedich (vice-president from 1821), E. A. Baratynsky, F. V. Bulgarin, A. A. Delvig, V. N. Karazin, M. A. Korf, O. M. Somov, from 1824 - A. S. Griboyedov. A. S. Pushkin, who was not a member, was closely associated with the society. At the meetings of the society, the works of "competitors" were read, questions of history, philosophy, art were discussed - a "nutrient environment" for noble free-thinking was created. The atmosphere of a fierce literary and ideological struggle between his right, “well-intentioned” wing and the left, Decembrist wing, which defended civic pathos, the national identity of literature, and asserted interest in the historical and patriotic theme and folk poetry, was characteristic. The organ of the society is the journal Competitor of Education and Charity (published since 1818, intermittently). After the defeat of the Decembrist uprising (1825), the activities of the society ceased.

• - literary and public organization in St. Petersburg in 1801-25 ...

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• - The Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature is a literary and public organization that existed in St. Petersburg in 1816–25. Originally conservative...

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• - FREE SOCIETY OF LOVERS OF LITERATURE, SCIENCES AND ARTS - see Literary societies ...

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• - Russian lit.-scient. society in 1801-25 in St. Petersburg; originally called "Friendly Association of Lovers of Fine"...

  Soviet historical encyclopedia

• - a literary society founded in 1811 according to the ideas of G. R. Derzhavin and A. S. Shishkov with the aim of developing and maintaining a taste for the elegant word through public reading of exemplary works in verse and prose ...
• - The highest approved under this name at the beginning of 1818, founded, with the permission of the government, in 1816 under the name of the "Free Society of Competitors of Education and Charity" ...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - arose on July 15, 1801 at the thought of I. M. Born and with the assistance of his comrades in the academic gymnasium: V. V. Popugaev, A. G. Volkov, V. V. Dmitriev and V. I. Krasovsky ...

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• - a monthly magazine published by the Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg, in 1812, edited by V. B. Bronevsky ...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - a literary and public organization that existed in St. Petersburg in 1816-25 ...
• - a literary and public organization that existed in St. Petersburg in 1801-25 ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - a literary and scientific society at Moscow University, which existed in 1811-1930 ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - FREE SOCIETY OF LOVERS OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE - a literary society in St. Petersburg in 1816-25 ...
• - SCIENCES AND ARTS, literary and public organization in St. Petersburg in 1801-25. Among the members: I. P. Pnin, I. M. Born, V. V. Popugaev, A. Kh. Vostokov, N. A. and V. A. Radishchev, K. N. Batyushkov...

  Big encyclopedic dictionary

• - at Moscow University - a literary and scientific society, 1811-1930. I. S. Turgenev, L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky spoke at the meetings ...

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• - "a society of lovers" of Russian "words" ...

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