Dagger (anti-aircraft missile system). Naval air defense missile system Dagger. Photo. Video. TTX. Weapon device based on new physical principles

Antenna post of the Kinzhal air defense system on the Admiral Vinogradov BOD

Carriers

Rockets

Below-deck launchers of the Kinzhal complex were developed by the Start design bureau under the leadership of chief designer Yaskin A.I., and consist of 3-4 drum-type launch modules of 8 TPKs with missiles in each. The weight of the launch module without missiles is 41.5 tons, the occupied area is 113 square meters. m. The complex crew consists of 13 people.

The rocket launch is vertical, using a gas catapult; after leaving the launcher, the main engine is launched and the rocket is deflected by the gas-dynamic system towards the target. Reloading is automatic, start interval is 3 seconds.

Radar 3R95

Interference-proof antenna with phased array and electronically controlled beam, allows you to detect a large number of targets at a range of up to 45 km and aim up to 8 missiles at 4 targets simultaneously (in the 60x60° sector).

Launcher 3S95E

Performance characteristics

Notes

Literature

Angelsky R., Korovin V. Anti-aircraft missile system“Dagger” (Russian) // Equipment and weapons yesterday, today, tomorrow: magazine. - 2014. - May (No. 05). - pp. 12-18.

Links

SHIP ANTI-AIRcraft MISSILE SYSTEM “DAGGER” (SA-N-9 GAUNTLET)

This

In the 80s, at NPO Altair, under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev created the Kinzhal short-range air defense system. Anti-aircraft guided missiles The Fakel ICB was developed for the complex.

Ship tests of the complex began in 1982 on the Black Sea on a small anti-submarine ship pr.1124. During demonstration shooting in the spring of 1986, the MPC was launched from shore installations 4 cruise missiles P-35. All P-35s were shot down by 4 Kinzhal air defense missiles. The tests were difficult and the deadline for adopting the complex into service had to be periodically postponed; it also took quite a long time for the industry to establish serial production of the Daggers. As a result, a number of Navy ships had to be accepted under-equipped. For example, the Kinzhal was supposed to equip the Novorossiysk aircraft carrier, but it was put into service with reserved volumes for the Kinzhal. On the first ships of Project 1155, one complex was installed instead of the required two. And only in 1989 the Kinzhal air defense system was officially put into service.

The Kinzhal air defense system is a multi-channel, all-weather, autonomous complex capable of repelling a massive attack of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, airplanes, helicopters, etc. The Kinzhal air defense system uses the basic circuit design of the S-300F Fort air defense system - the presence of a multifunctional radar, the launch of missiles from the TPK in the drum-type VPU. The complex can receive target designation from any shipborne CC detection radar.

The complex is equipped with its own radar detection equipment (module K-12-1), providing the complex with complete independence and operational actions in the most difficult situations. The multichannel complex is based on phased array antennas with electronic beam control and a high-speed computing complex. The target detection radar has a range of up to 45 km and operates in the K (X,1) range. Distinctive feature The transmitting device of the radar complex is its alternate operation in the target and missile channels. Depending on the operating mode, the sending frequencies and pulse durations change. AP radar "Dagger" is combined, as in the Osa-M air defense system: the antenna of the CC detection radar is combined with the AP of firing stations and is a phased array. The main phased array provides additional search and tracking of targets and guidance of missiles at them, the other two are designed to capture the response signal of a launched missile and place it on a marching trajectory. Using your digital computing complex The Kinzhal air defense system can operate in various modes, incl. in fully automatic mode: acquisition of a target for tracking, generation of data for firing, launching and targeting of missiles, evaluation of firing results and transfer of fire to other targets. The main operating mode of the complex is automatic (without the participation of personnel), based on the principles of “ artificial intelligence" The television-optical target detection devices built into the antenna post not only increase its immunity to interference in conditions of intense radio countermeasures, but also allow personnel to visually assess the nature of tracking and hitting targets. The radar equipment of the complex was developed at the Kvant Research Institute under the leadership of V.I. Guz and provide a detection range of air targets of 45 km at an altitude of 3.5 km.

"Dagger" can simultaneously fire at up to four targets in a spatial sector of 60 degrees. at 60 degrees, while up to 8 missiles are aimed in parallel. The reaction time of the complex ranges from 8 to 24 seconds depending on the radar mode. The combat capabilities of the Kinzhal compared to the Osa-M air defense system have been increased by 5-6 times. In addition to the missile defense system, the Kinzhal complex can control the fire of 30-mm AK-360M assault rifles, shooting through surviving targets at a distance of up to 200 meters.

The complex uses a remote-controlled anti-aircraft missile 9M330-2, unified with the missile of the Tor land complex. The rocket was developed at the Fakel design bureau under the leadership of P.D. Grushina. It is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The missiles are placed in transport and launch containers (TPC), which ensures their safety, constant combat readiness, ease of transportation and safety when loading into the launcher. Rockets do not need to be tested for 10 years. The 9M330 is made according to the canard aerodynamic configuration and uses a freely rotating wing unit. Its wings are foldable, which made it possible to place the 9M330 in an extremely “compressed” TPK with a square section. The launch of the missile is vertical using a catapult with further deflection of the missile by the gas-dynamic system towards the target. Rockets can be launched on a rolling pitch of up to 20 degrees. The engine is started at a safe altitude for the ship after the rocket has descended. Aiming the missiles at the target is carried out by remote control. The warhead is detonated directly at the command of a pulse radio fuse in close proximity to the target. The radio fuse is noise-resistant and adapts when approaching the water surface. Warhead - high-explosive fragmentation type.

The launchers of the Kinzhal complex were developed by the Start design bureau under the leadership of chief designer A.I. Yaskina. The launcher is below deck, consists of 3-4 drum-type launch modules, each containing 8 TPK with missiles. The weight of the module without missiles is 41.5 tons, the occupied area is 113 square meters. m. Calculation of the complex is 13 people.

Currently, the Kinzhal air defense system is in service with the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, nuclear-powered missile cruisers Project 1144.2 Orlan, large anti-submarine ships Project 1155, 1155.1 Udaloy (installed 8 modules of 8 missiles each) and the latest patrol ship ship "Neustrashimy" pr.11540 "Yastreb". On this moment anti-aircraft missile system"Dagger" is the best shipborne air defense system medium range in the world.

For several years in a row, the topic of long-range shipborne air defense systems and air defense systems continues to be raised in the media and periodicals: the S-300 Fort-M, or PAAMS. But in a modern naval confrontation, sooner or later, the question of the own survival of one or another ship from the strike group will arise.

Considering the most diverse combination and method of application of modern anti-ship missiles, it is clear that practically no warship will have so many missiles in its ammunition load long range, especially since most ships with a displacement of up to 5000 tons do not carry such systems. In close-range defense matters, fast air defense systems with minimal reaction time and a highly maneuverable missile defense interceptor are needed, which are capable of holding back massive pinpoint strikes by anti-ship missiles or anti-ship missiles, the so-called “star raids”.

Russia, having the status of a naval superpower, is the rightful leader in the defensive systems of its warships, and has two types of such systems in its Navy arsenal (we do not take the standard one into account): the Kinzhal air defense system and the Kortik air defense system. All these systems have been adopted by Russian Navy ships.

KZRK "Dagger"- the brainchild of NPO Altair is a close-range complex that provides good self-defense from heavy air strikes and high-tech weapons within a radius of 12 km. Thanks to the K-12-1 radar post, it is capable of intercepting even small free-falling bombs. “Dagger” is a 4-channel air defense system, its 9M330-2 missile defense system is identical to the 9M331 anti-aircraft missile, which is armed with the ground-based Tor-M1 air defense system, and an ejection launch is implemented.

The complex has a maximum interception range of 12 km, target flight altitude of 6 km, intercepted target speed of 2550 km/h, anti-ship missile response time of about 8 s. UVPU 4S95 is an 8-cell turret type, like the B-203A of the S-300F(FM) complex.

The K-12-1 radar post allows you to track 8 air targets, fire at 4, detect low-flying targets (altitude 500 m) at a distance of about 30 km, taking into account the possibility of integrating the “Dagger” with ship-based radar-AWACS type “Fregat-MA” or “Podberyozovik” ", the tracking range increases to 200-250 km (for high-altitude targets).

The antenna post is equipped with an OLPC, which allows the crew of operators to visually monitor the target and the approach of the missile guided missile controlled by the radio command method. The antenna post is also capable of controlling the operation of the 30-mm ZAK AK-630M and adjusting the operation of the ZRAK.

A highly maneuverable missile with a warhead weighing 15.6 kg can maneuver with an overload of 25-30 units. On ships of the Russian Navy, 2 antenna posts K-12-1 are often installed, which makes the system 8-channel (BOD of Project 1155 “Udaloy”), and in the case of 4 antenna posts, opening up as many as 16 channels for the defense of an aircraft-carrying missile carrier. Ammunition is impressive - 192 missiles.

ZRAK "Dirk" also covers the near line of our only aircraft carrier in the 8-kilometer zone, but also covers the one-and-a-half-kilometer dead zone of the Kortika, “pulverizing” large fragments of targets destroyed by the Kinzhal with the help of two 30-mm AP AO-18. Their overall rate of fire is close to 200 rounds/s.

KZRAK "Kortik" on board the corvette "Steregushchy" - ready for battle around the clock

The KZRS, represented by the Kortika BM, can consist of up to 6 BMs and 1 PBU. The PBU is equipped with a radar detector, as well as a system for analytical distribution of the most dangerous targets between the combat vehicles. Each robot-like BM is equipped with a 30-mm AO-18 (AK-630M) pair; 2x3 or 2x4 blocks of 9M311 missile defense systems, the same as on the 2K22 Tunguska ZRAK.

The missile has a speed of 600 m/s, and a warhead weighing 15 kg is capable of overtaking targets that “unscrew” 7-fold overloads at speeds of up to 1800 km/h. The illumination and guidance radar is capable of providing throughput about 6 targets/min for each module. For “Admiral Kuznetsov” this means another 48 targets fired at per minute, in addition to the 16 channels of the “Dagger” - that’s 64 targets! How do you like the defense of our ship? It happens that one in the field is a warrior...

And now we would like to bring to your attention two more compact and modern air defense systems, combat elements which have proven themselves very well.

Ship modification of the VL MICA air defense system. The complex was designed on the basis of the French air-to-air missile MICA. The missile design offers 2 seeker options - infrared (MICA-IR) and active radar “EM”. The rate of fire is slightly faster than the "Dagger" (about 2 s). The missiles are equipped with OVT and are capable of realizing 50-fold overloads at speeds of up to 3120 km/h, there are also aerodynamic rudders, the firing range of the complex is 12...15 km.

The warhead is a HE with a mass of 12 kg and has a directional action, which confirms the good accuracy of the guidance systems. GOS SAM "MICA-EM" - active radar AD4A, with an operating frequency of 12000-18000 MHz, has high degree protection from noise and natural interference, capable of capturing targets at a distance of 12-15 km, selecting dipole reflectors and electronic countermeasures.

SAM "MICA" in the UVPU cell

Initial target designation and illumination can be carried out by most Western European shipborne radar systems, such as EMPAR, Sampson, SIR-M and other older modifications. The missiles of the “VL MICA” complex can be placed in the air defense system of the shipborne air defense system “VL Seawolf” or the more universal “SYLVER”, which are designed for the use of both anti-aircraft missiles (PAAMS, VL MICA, Standart systems of the latest modifications) and cruise missiles (SCALP, BGM - 109 B/E).

For the VL MICA KZRK, an individual special size of the eight-cell container UVPU “SYLVER” is used - A-43, which has a length of 5400 mm and a weight of 7500 kg. Each container is equipped with a four-antenna unit and a synchronization modem via a radio command channel.

Options for repelling air attacks using the MICA air defense system

This complex is very technologically advanced, effective, and therefore “takes root” very well in the Navy developing countries: in the Oman Navy they are equipped with 3 corvettes of the Kharif project, also on the stealthy Falaj corvettes of the UAE Navy and on the Malaysian corvettes Nakhoda Ragam, etc. And its relatively low cost and the MICA missile are well known and tested in the French Air Force "conditions it further success in the naval arms market.

The Oman Navy corvette Kharif has a MICA self-defense missile system on board

And the last, no less weak defensive air defense system of our today's review - "Umkhonto"(in Russian - “Spear”). The complex was designed by Denel Dynamics. In terms of weight and dimensions, the missile defense system of the complex is close to the V3E A-Darter BVB aircraft missile; it also has an OVT and aerodynamic rudders.

Both the MICA complex and the Umkhonto complex use missiles with IR-seeker (Umkhonto-IR) and ARGSN (Umkhonto-R). Rockets have maximum speed- 2125 km/h and interception range 12 km (for IR modification) and 20 km (for AR modification). The Umkhonto-IR missile defense system has an infrared seeker unified with the V3E A-Darter missile, which was described in detail in our previous article regarding the progress of the South African Armed Forces. The head has large pumping angles of the coordination device and high angular velocity sighting, which allowed the missile defense system on a turn to reach 40 units, which puts it on the same level as the R-77 and MICA missiles.

The lower maximum load than that of the Darter (100 units) is due to the 1.4 times greater mass of the missile defense system than the airborne version (125 versus 90 kg) and lower thrust-to-weight ratio. The high-explosive fragmentation warhead weighs 23 kg, which ensures a high destructive effect.

Target guidance for two missiles is inertial with radio command correction - at the beginning of the trajectory, and thermal or active radar - at the end, i.e. “set it and forget it” principle. This is a very important factor for a modern air defense system, which makes it possible to relieve the combat saturation of the illumination radar by releasing occupied target channels during a massive air attack.

The rocket launches in the “hot launch” mode from the UVPU guide; each guide is also a TPK for rockets and has its own launch gas duct. The complex's combat information and control system allows for simultaneous interception of 8 complex air targets. The computerized system of all modules, from the antenna to the control unit, allows for quick diagnostics of problems, which makes this complex one of the most successful in its class.

South African Navy Valur-class frigate

Hamina-class patrol boat of the Finnish Navy

The Umkhonto air defense system has found its application in the South African and Finnish navies. In South Africa it is installed on four Valour-class frigates of the MEKO project, and in the Finnish Navy on advanced stealth coastal defense boats of the Hamina class.

In this article we described 3 best systems close defense of a ship order, the appearance of which allows us to personally analyze the technical potential of the manufacturing state to gain a foothold in the merciless military and economic world arena.

/Evgeny Damantsev/

Dagger is an anti-aircraft missile system.

The complex can fire at up to four targets in a 60x60° sector, simultaneously aiming up to eight missiles at them, including up to three missiles per target. The reaction time ranges from 8 to 24 s. The radio-electronic equipment of the complex provides fire control for 30-mm AK-630 anti-aircraft artillery machine guns. The combat capabilities of the Kinzhal are 5-6 times higher than the corresponding indicators of the Osa-M.

The use of a dual-processor digital computing system provides a high degree of automation of combat work. The selection of the most dangerous target for priority firing can be done either automatically or at the operator’s command.

The ZS-95 below-deck launcher, developed at the Start design bureau under the leadership of A.I. Yaskin, includes several modules, each of which is a drum with eight transport and launch containers (TPC). The launcher cover can rotate relative to the vertical axis of the drum. The rocket is launched after turning the launcher cover and bringing the hatch in it to the TPK with the rocket intended for launch. The start interval does not exceed 3 s. Taking into account the relatively small dimensions of the complex, such a solution seems unnecessarily complex in comparison with the launch of missiles from containers, placed in simpler cellular-type launchers, implemented later in foreign fleets.

Initially, it was envisaged to create the Kinzhal air defense system with weight and size characteristics not exceeding those implemented in the Ose-M. Moreover, the designers had to achieve the possibility of installing the complex instead of Osa-M on previously built ships during the modernization repair process. However, the fulfillment of the specified combat tactical and technical characteristics was considered a higher priority. The weight and size indicators were growing, so it was not possible to ensure continuity of anti-aircraft missile systems “by seat”.

In itself this was not so significant. Given the extremely weak ship repair base of the fleet and the reluctance of both the military and industry to divert shipyards to repair work by reducing the number of new ships built, the possibility of radical modernization of combat units that had already served the Motherland was rather abstract.

More serious consequences of the “expansion” of the “Dagger” were expressed in the impossibility of its placement on small ships, although formally it could be installed on ships with a displacement of more than 800 tons. As a result, even on such an innovative ship as the one designed at the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau (chief designer - P.V. Elsky, then V.I. Korolkov) hovercraft missile carrier with skegs, Project 1239, had to install the same “Osu-MA”. Ultimately, the Ose-M was replaced as the main means of protecting small ships by the short-range anti-aircraft missile and artillery system Kortik, rather than the Dagger.

The development of Thor and Dagger was significantly behind schedule. As a rule, previously the land version was ahead of the ship version, as if paving the way for it. However, during the creation of the Tor autonomous self-propelled complex, serious problems related to the development of a combat vehicle. As a result, joint flight tests of the Thor at the Emben test site began even later than the Kinzhal on the Black Sea - in December 1983, but ended in December next year. The land-based air defense system was adopted for service by decree of March 19, 1986, almost three years earlier than the ship-based one.

The delay in the development of the land complex was an unpleasant circumstance, but its consequences were limited to a corresponding adjustment of the production program. Factories, instead of the “Thor”, for several more years produced the albeit less advanced, but quite effective “Osa”.

At sea, a much more piquant situation developed. Since the end of 1980, one or two large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155 entered service with the Navy every year, the only anti-aircraft missile weapons of which were to be a pair of Kinzhal air defense systems with a total ammunition load of 64 missiles. The delay in its development led to the fact that for more than five years these large ships remained almost defenseless from air strikes: by the end of the 20th century. artillery could no longer provide them with cover from aviation. Moreover, the obvious absence of guidance stations in the places intended for them seemed to encourage enemy pilots to quickly and practically without any risk to themselves send our ships to the bottom. True, at first, NATO experts did not understand such a scandalous situation and indulged in a riot of imagination, speculating in the press about the presence on our new ships of some super-promising, outwardly invisible means of guiding anti-aircraft missiles. One way or another, the lead ship of Project 1155 - the Udaloy BOD - had to wait almost a decade for the Kinzhal to be accepted into service (after entering service in 1980).

Due to the delay in the development of the air defense system, the small anti-submarine ship MPK-104 (building number 721), built according to project 1124K specifically for testing the Kinzhal, could not be used for its intended purpose for two years. It differed from its prototype - the ship Project 1124M - not only by the natural lack of means of the standard Osa-M air defense system. Too much heavy weights and, what is somewhat more important, the high location of the multifunctional guidance station of the Kinzhal complex did not allow installation on it artillery weapons and all standard radars, which, however, was not so important for the experimental ship. The formal entry into service took place in October 1980, and the ship was equipped with only launcher with three modules, but the guidance station has not yet been delivered to the Black Sea. Subsequently, one of the two prototypes of the complex manufactured in 1979 was mounted on MPK-104. Tests of the air defense system were carried out from 1982 to 1986 and did not go smoothly. The system was not sufficiently debugged in ground conditions - at the stands of the Altair Research Institute and at its Bolshaya Volga test base. The finishing work took place mainly on the ship, in conditions that were not entirely favorable for its implementation.

Once, during the firing, the engine of a rocket ejected by a catapult did not turn on, which fell on the deck and broke into two parts. As for one half of the product, as they said, “it sank.” But the second part, with all its quiet behavior, caused well-founded fears. After this incident, it was necessary to reconsider the basic technical solutions for starting the engine, which increased the reliability of this process. Another time, due to the “human factor” (due to uncoordinated actions of personnel and industry representatives), an unauthorized launch of a missile defense system occurred. One of the developers, who was next to the launcher, barely managed to hide from the jet of the rocket engine.

Shortly before the completion of the tests in the spring of 1986, all four P-35 missiles used as targets, launched by a salvo from the coastal complex, were very impressively shot down. However, it was only in 1989 that the Kinzhal complex was officially put into service.

The Kinzhal air defense system ensured the destruction of targets flying at speeds of up to 700 m/s in the altitude range from 10 to 6000 m at ranges from 1.5 to 12 km. The main carriers of the complex were to be large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155. Initially, this ship was conceived as a development of the patrol ship of Project 1135, but by the time it was laid down it had turned into a BOD with twice the displacement. It was assumed that the ships of Project 1155 would carry out anti-submarine missions together with the destroyers of Project 956, equipped with powerful strike and anti-aircraft missile weapons - the Moskit complexes and the Uragan medium-range air defense system. Therefore, taking into account the restrictions on displacement caused by the capabilities of the factories, they decided to equip the BOD Project 1155 only with the Kinzhal self-defense complexes. Each ship was equipped with two air defense systems with a total ammunition load of 64 9M330 missiles and two ZR-95 missile guidance stations. Lead ships at the Plant named after. Zhdanov" and the Kaliningrad plant "Yantar" were laid down in 1977 and went into operation almost simultaneously - in last days 1980 Since the development of the Kinzhal complex was significantly delayed, the acceptance of the ships by the fleet was more than conditional. Several ships, up to the fifth in the series, surrendered without missile guidance stations.

In total at the Plant named after. Zhdanov” until the fall of 1988, four ships were built under serial numbers from 731 to 734: “Vice Admiral Kulakov”, “Marshal Vasilevsky”, “Admiral Tributs”, “Admiral Levchenko”. At the Kaliningrad plant "Yantar" until the end of 1991, eight BODs were built under serial numbers from 111 to 117: "Udaloy", "Admiral Zakharov", "Admiral Spiridonov", "Marshal Shaposhnikov", "Simferopol", "Admiral Vinogradov", "Admiral Kharlamov", "Admiral Panteleev".

Over the years of service, the BOD Project 1155 has generally proven itself to be a reliable and efficient ship. It is significant that in difficult period 1990-2000s of the 11 BODs built, only the first three ships built by the Kaliningrad plant and the Marshal Vasilevsky were decommissioned, and most of ships pr. 1155 are part of the fleet. At the same time, “Udaloy”, “Marshal Vasilevsky” and “Vice Admiral Kulakov” never received the “Dagger” complex. In addition to 12 large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155 and one improved one, built according to Project 11551 - "Admiral Chabanenko", four "Dagger" complexes with 192 missiles were installed on the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Project 11434 "Baku" (since 1990 - "Admiral of the Fleet Soviet Union Gorshkov”) and on the only aircraft carrier of our fleet, Project 11435, which has changed many names and is now called “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov”. By the time these ships were designed, a common understanding had become established among sailors and shipbuilders that ships of this class should carry only self-defense weapons, and the tasks of air cover on distant approaches should be carried out by air defense systems installed on security ships. Two “Dagger” complexes with eight launch modules for 64 missiles were supposed to be installed as an auxiliary “anti-aircraft caliber” on the nuclear heavy missile cruiser Project 11442 “Peter the Great”, but in fact the ship was equipped with only one antenna post.

One Kinzhal air defense system with 32 missiles was installed on the ships of project 11540 Neustrashimy and Yaroslav the Mudry, officially classified as patrol ships, but in terms of displacement and dimensions approximately corresponding to the BOD project 61, which were built en masse in the 1960s gg.

Thus, not counting the experimental MPK-104, only 36 Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile systems (1324 missiles) were installed on 17 ships of our fleet. Since 1993, the export modification of the “Dagger” complex under the name “Blade” has been repeatedly demonstrated at various international exhibitions and salons, but there is no information about its deliveries abroad. Nevertheless, the Kinzhal air defense system has become one of the most advanced examples of domestic missile weapons, most fully answering modern conditions anti-aircraft combat at sea. The relatively short range of destruction is not its significant drawback.

Low-altitude targets, primarily guided weapons, will one way or another be detected at a short distance. As experience shows local wars, their carriers, apparently, will only soar above the radio horizon for an extremely short period of time to clarify the location of the ship they are attacking and launch their missiles. Therefore, the defeat of carrier aircraft by longer-range anti-aircraft systems seems unlikely. But sooner or later, missiles launched by aircraft will approach the target of attack. And here all the advantages of one of the most advanced domestic anti-aircraft systems"Dagger" - short reaction time, high fire performance, multi-channel, effective action of the warhead in an adaptive mode of use against targets of various classes.