Specially protected territories and nature reserves of the Crimea. Opuk Nature Reserve

If you look at the map Crimean peninsula, immediately catches the eye big square reserved and protected areas. Indeed, the nature of the Crimea is too valuable a property to allow human intervention. So the mountainous Crimea almost completely entered the protected area, almost the entire Main Ridge is protected. Unique landscapes, forests, groves, water areas are protected by law in order to preserve their original appearance and save fragile biocenoses that cannot tolerate the economic activities of modern society.

At the present time, unfortunately, even the status of a nature reserve or wildlife sanctuary in the Crimea does not always save us from the menacingly impending front of reckless buildings.

scheme of objects of the reserved Crimea:

Reserves of Crimea

There are only six nature reserves in Crimea, but their total area inspires respect - 63,783 hectares. The largest of them - Crimean Natural - covers 44,175 hectares of protected area. It stretched from south to north from Massandra and Nikita to the northeastern border of Chatyr-Dag and from west to east from the Zagorsky to the Izobilnensky reservoir. Its main treasures are the highest plateaus in the Crimean mountains - Babugan-yayla, Gurzufskaya and Nikitskaya yayla, as well as the whole vast mountain-forest massif to the north of them.

Plateaus of reserved Crimea:

Winter Babugan-yayla - Crimean nature reserve

The structure of the Crimean Natural Reserve includes, as a branch, the Lebyazhy Islands ornithological reserve, which occupies mainly the protected part of the water area of the Karkinitsky Bay and directly the Lebyazhy Islands, the number of which is six, and which have become a real haven for many nesting here and migratory birds.

The next largest nature reserve is the Yalta Nature Reserve. It is most familiar to tourists, as it is located in close proximity to the coastal strip of the Southern coast of Crimea. Only now its reserve is a big question, since all the main routes by which tourists get into the mountains lie just through its forests.

Reserves of Crimea: Yalta Natural

	One of the decorations of the Yalta natural Reserve - Mount Ai-Petri

The eastern enclave of the Yalta reserve, which is quite strictly protected, can be considered an exception. But the mountains beckon their admirers, especially since the passes are open most of the year. And only during the summer drought, when forest fires break out here and there, patrols appear on the passes, turning tourists back. Usually they close the Shaitan-Merdven pass, the Koreiz trail leading to Ai-Petri, the Gurzuf saddle pass. However, there are plenty of alternative options to get into the mountains, which is what lovers of outdoor activities use.

Passes of the reserved Crimea:

Shaitan-Merdven - the pass from the South Coast to the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains	Gurzuf saddle - a pass between the Gurzuf plateau and Babugan-yayla

The rest of the Crimean reserves are much smaller. The third place in this honorable list is occupied by the Karadag nature reserve, covering an area of 2,855 hectares. It boasts a decent level of protection of its wealth, due to which it is slowly recovering from the industrial development of its bowels in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The unique biota of this place can be seen only as part of an excursion group.

Reserves of Crimea: Karadag natural:

Mountains-reserves - part of the reserved Crimea:

Mount Ayu-Dag - landscape reserve	Mount Castel - botanical reserve over Alushta

Between Belogorsk and Stary Krym, there is the Kubalach tract, which in 1978 was turned into a nature reserve with a total area of 526 hectares. The Kubalach ridge and the mountain of the same name (738 meters) are covered by a dense forest of beech, oak, hornbeam and ash.

To the east of this reserve, on the outskirts of the Old Crimea, there is a natural monument "Agarmysh Forest". The forest area, mainly from beech, hornbeam and oak, traditional for the Crimea, covers the slopes of the Sychevaya ravine between two mountains - Big Agarmysh and Small Agarmysh. In the expanses of the Agharmysh mountain range, you can find many caves.

One of the most beautiful nature reserves in Crimea New World"surrounds the village of the same name, located on the banks of picturesque bays and protected by beautiful mountains. The security status of these beautiful places cannot hold back the influx of vacationers, since all the beauties and sights are accessible and close. And there is something to protect, first of all, a relic juniper grove - the property of the Novy Svet nature reserve.

A real monument to the forces of nature is the Grand Canyon of Crimea, for the preservation of which in 1974 a landscape reserve was created on 300 hectares of area. Not only the famous canyon, but also surrounding forests, where the springs that feed the waters of the canyon originate. The incomparable beauty of the gorge is subject to a real invasion of tourists, and only the inaccessibility of some sections saves it from total littering.

The Khapkhal hydrological reserve includes 250 hectares of continuous deciduous forest covering the slopes of the Khapkhal Gorge, through which the Eastern Ulu-Uzen River flows. The main magnet that attracts tourists to the territory of this reserve is the picturesque waterfall Dzhur-Dzhur, the most full-flowing waterfall in Crimea. The rest of the territory is little visited by vacationers, thanks to which the forest has retained its original beauty. This is the greenest of the Crimean reserves.

The Paragilmen botanical reserve is also completely covered with forest. It stretched from the west, where it rests against the slopes of Babugan-yayla, to the east, where the mountain of the same name stands, singled out as a separate natural monument. On this mountain you can find endemic and rare plants of the Crimea, but visiting it is free.

The small reserve Kanaka (160 hectares) occupies the coast between the Luch resort and the village of Rybachye. In the east of the reserve, in the Kanaka ravine, relic groves of tree-like juniper and dull pistachio grow, for the sake of which this status was assigned to this beautiful coastal zone. You can visit the Kanaka nature reserve without hindrance, tourists and vacationers are attracted by kilometers of beaches and relative desertion.

Less than a dozen kilometers southeast of Cape Kazantip, on the outskirts of the village of Ostanino, there is an ornithological reserve “Ostaninskiye (Astaninskiye, Oysulskiye) plavni. Reed-covered floodplains of the banks of the Samarli River attract nesting and rest after a long flight a large number of birds. Pine trees grow in a small reserve (50 hectares), which is unusual for the steppe landscape. Kerch Peninsula.

Five kilometers northeast of the Ostaninskiye plavni, the Kazantip Bay limits Cape Chagany. Between this cape and the salty Chokrak Lake lies the Karalar steppe, designated as a landscape reserve for the protection of unique steppe landscapes and steppe biocenosis. And the flora and fauna are very rich here, hunting is prohibited, although visiting is not limited.

On the eastern border of the Karalar reserve there is an amazing lake Chokrak with therapeutic mud and water, which is fed from underground hydrogen sulfide sources. To protect the lake from anthropogenic influence, Chokrak and its coast were enclosed within the boundaries of a hydrological reserve.

Two hundred meters from the left bank of the Western Bulganak River, in the place where its course passes through the village of Vodnoye, in 1989 a small (21 hectare) landscape reserve "Weeping Rock" was organized. This is the name of the exit of karst rocks to the outside, through the cracks and cracks of which water penetrates, forming a small lake. Weeping rock is surrounded by a small forest.

Those who visited Cape Tarkhankut, certainly sought to get to Dzhangul, or as it is officially called the landscape reserve "Dzhangulskoe landslide coast". Here you can see firsthand how a landslide can destroy the coast. Stone chaos - a heap of stones different sizes- make a proper impression on those who first came to Tarkhankut.

jangul is integral part National Park Tarkhankutsky, which is also called the "Beautiful Harbor". In this park, under the protection of the law, there are also the Bolshoy Kastel beam and the Atlesh tract with coastal waters. Rocky, puff-cake-like cliffs and grottoes of Atlesh make a proper impression. This is very beautiful place was chosen by tourists for wild recreation and for diving. The shores of the Karadzhinsky Bay between the capes Tarkhankut and Priboyny, Bolshoi and Maly Atlesh on the southern coast of the Tarkhankut Peninsula are considered the most popular vacation spot.

The upper plateau of Chatyr-Daga is allocated in a separate reserved tract "Yayla Chatyr-Daga". Despite the fact that this plateau still needs to be conquered, it is especially loved by tourists. No one limits the visit, therefore Chatyr-Dag is one of the most visited plateaus of the Crimea. The lower plateau is more reminiscent of Karabi-yayla with its numerous caves and is protected more strictly, as it is part of the Crimean Nature Reserve. under conservation status only the Valley of Ghosts falls with its forest and unique stone forms of weathering. However, it is the Valley of Ghosts that is visited the most, including by excursion groups.

The beautiful Belbek gorge for the preservation of unique geological forms, conducive to scientific research, received the status of a natural monument of national importance. A relic yew grove located a little to the south is singled out as a separate natural monument. The Belbek canyon is adjacent to such historical monuments as the fortress of Suren and the cave monastery of Chelter-Koba. The reserve "Kachinsky Canyon" is designed to preserve the outstanding geological features of the gorge and the flora of its slopes. On the territory of the reserve there is a cave monastery Kachi-Kalyon. Visiting the canyon is not limited, the proximity to Bakhchisaray makes it a popular object on the maps of tourists.

The longest canyon of Crimea - Chernorechensky - like its aforementioned counterparts, turned from a natural monument into state reserve, as well as the forest peaks covering it. The pristine beauty of its shores predetermined its entry into the ranks of the most valuable reserves of the Crimea. This canyon on the Chernaya River is freely visited by tourists, except for the section of the river where it leaves the Chernorechensky reservoir, which, being a reservoir of water for Sevastopol, is inaccessible to visitors and is even surrounded by barbed wire.

The largest cave in the Crimea is Kizil-Koba on the western slopes of Dolgorukovskaya yayla. And as a miracle of nature, and as an object archaeological research, The Red Cave needs state protection, so since 1963 it has been declared a natural monument. Now its bowels can be visited with a fascinating excursion. The surrounding forests and the beautiful Su-Uchkhan waterfall received the status of a protected object.

Mangup-Kale, although it has an undeniable historical and cultural value, is protected by law comprehensively - both as an archaeological heritage and as an important natural object. Numerous caves and grottoes, karst formations are a valuable landscape monument of nature, requiring the careful attitude of its many visitors.

Mangup is a complex monument of nature, hiding in itself cave city
- this is also a reserved Crimea

One of the youngest sanctuaries in Crimea is Sasyksky. Lake Sasyk is the largest lake in Crimea, the mud of which is considered curative. In order to protect the lake, which also allows many rare steppe plants to grow on its shores, in 2012 it was declared a landscape reserve.

On the Bakalskaya Spit, which is washed by the waters of the Karkinitsky Bay, there is a regional landscape park "Bakalskaya Kosa". A resting place and a popular tourist attraction, the spit is a reminder to a person how economic activity, in this case, sand mining, aggravated by the sea, can destroy natural landscapes. The spit is eroded, cutting off the islands from the land. The structure of the reserve also includes the salty Bakalskoye Lake.

One of the attractions of Sudak is Cape Alchak-Kaya, a protected natural boundary since 1988. An ecological fenced path has been laid along the rocks, but with proper dexterity, you can not use it when walking along the coastal rocks. This is a small but very beautiful corner of the reserved Crimea.

In addition to the listed objects, to some extent protected by the state from the influence of the layman, there are still quite a few places in Crimea with the status of natural monuments, the list of which includes groves of rare trees, sections of the steppe or gullies, grottoes, islets, capes, caves.

Most often, their status serves only as an edification for tourists, many do not even realize that the visited object is protected. Easily accessible caves and forests are particularly affected. Cutting down trees and careless handling of fire has already led to the destruction of thousands of hectares of protected Crimean massifs. Therefore, nature protection is not only on the conscience of rangers and foresters, but also on the vacationers themselves.

How we will see the nature reserves and sanctuaries of the Crimea in the future depends largely on us.

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Many with the word "Crimea" represent only the sea and the beach, but this is only a small part of the peninsula. Its main wealth is nature. She is unique and therefore most of The territory of the Crimea has long become wildlife preserves, nature reserves and national parks. The southern coast, the mountainous Crimea and the steppe are, in essence, three different Crimea, but together they make amazing land, mysterious and beautiful in all seasons.

Reserve at Cape Kazantip

The cape is located on the northern coast of the peninsula and is washed by the Sea of Azov. The place is unique not only in nature, but also in the relief and structure of the cape. The cape itself is an ancient limestone reef with indented shores, which continue to be destroyed by the sea and winds, and its surface is covered with virgin steppe. Cold and windy in winter, in spring it is covered with bright stars of the amazing beauty of Schrenk and Scythian tulips. It was from these Crimean steppes that the flower spread throughout the world, and if the Dutch tulips are the pinnacle of evolution, then the Crimean tulips can be called the progenitors.

The fauna of the Kazantip Reserve is famous for a large number of waterfowl and fish of valuable species, and a very beautiful and rare butterfly, the marigold, lives on the seemingly lifeless cliffs.

Opuk Nature Reserve

On the southern part of the Kerch Peninsula is located at least famous nature reserve- Opuksky, which got its name from the name of the mountain. Mount Opuk is surrounded by tectonic faults, and this, as it were, divides the entire territory into isolated areas, where their natural complexes were formed, which have no analogues in the Crimea.

The primeval steppe, as it was thousands of years ago, has retained its endemics, among them Crimean saffron, Schrenk tulips, Mithridates katran and an endless sea of feather grass.

The fauna of the reserve is rich in all kinds of animals: mammals - well-known to all hares and foxes and rare Mediterranean bats and large horseshoe bats, fish - Black Sea salmon and dolphins of the azovka and bottlenose dolphins, birds, of which there are 200 species, and among them are the rarest pink starling, ruddy shelduck and black-headed bunting , and reptiles - yellowbellies and steppe vipers.

But the largest "pearl" of the reserve is considered. amazing view opens before travelers: a narrow spit, on the one hand, a bright blue sea, and on the other, a bright pink lake! It acquired its amazing pink color due to Dunaliella algae, and its silt in its medicinal qualities is almost the same as the mud of Lake Saki.

Karadag Reserve

Of all the reserves and parks of Crimea, he is the most famous. The thing is that Kara-Dag is an extinct volcano, and on its slopes one can still see frozen lava flows, mineral veins and even a channel through which molten lava flowed millions of years ago. This is, in fact, the geological book of the Earth, because here you can find rock crystal and agates, amethysts and opals, a huge number of different minerals.

Among all reserves and national parks There is no other place in Crimea where the rarest, nowhere else found plants would be collected on the same territory: Poyarkova hawthorn and Koktebel tulip, Transhel anthemis, growing only on volcanic rocks, and Bieberstein's sapling, also called Crimean edelweiss, Pallas' relict sainfoin and Limodorum underdeveloped - a rare orchid, relic juniper and pistachio, which are more than one thousand years old.

No less rich animal world: Hundreds coexist on this earth various kinds crustaceans and mollusks, arachnids and butterflies, many birds, reptiles and mammals: a squirrel, a permanent resident of the Crimean forests, and a rare stone marten, hedgehogs and wild boars, hare and roe deer, foxes and rock lizards.

The water area has become home to 80 species of fish and dolphins traditional for the Black Sea, the bottlenose dolphin, the owner of these places, the butterfly dolphin and the azov dolphin, looking into the Black Sea from the Sea of Azov.

Legends are loved in Crimea, and about everything famous place have their own. But sometimes they turn out to be very similar to the truth, in any case, no one has yet proven otherwise. One such legend is connected with the Kara-Dag monster. It is known that the underwater part of Kara-Dag has many caves, but even the most experienced divers go down there infrequently. According to legend, it is in one of them that a monster lives. Stories about him came from ancient times, when the Greeks and Byzantines, who settled on the Crimean shores, saw a huge gray snake with a terrible toothy mouth that easily overtook them. sailing ships. The monster was seen by both the Turks and the Russian Admiral Ushakov, who even reported this to the emperor. And of the facts confirmed in our time, there are only two, when fishermen pulled out a dead dolphin in the nets with bite marks that a huge animal could inflict.

And Kara-Dag was also called the Holy Mountain for its ability to heal the sick. Scientists explain this by the fact that geomagnetic energy accumulates in this place, which positively affects all living things.

You can get to Kara-Dag only with a tour, and then only in the area accessible to tourists, most of the reserve is absolutely closed to the public due to its uniqueness.

Crimean Reserve

Of all the reserves and national parks of Crimea, this is the most extensive. It covers 44 thousand hectares, and here you can see almost the entire nature of the peninsula: flat and mountain streams, passes and gorges, mountains and yayly, forests and waterfalls.

The central part of the reserve is the main ridge of the Crimean mountains, the slopes of the internal mountains and the valleys between them. This also includes the Gurzuf and Yalta yayly, Chatyr-Dag and Babugan yayly, and the most high mountains− Roman-Kosh, Black and Big Scarecrow. Among all the reserves and national parks of Crimea, there are the most mountain springs and rivers, lakes and waterfalls, some of them dry up in summer, but there are also those that are full of water all year round.

The mountains of this largest of all the reserves and national parks of Crimea are made up of ancient rocks. jurassic: limestone, sandstone, shale, so this part of the Crimea is replete with gorges and caves, grottoes and karst wells.

Among all the reserves and national parks of Crimea, almost half of all species of flora and fauna of the peninsula are concentrated in this one. The vegetation on the slopes of the mountains is located in belts: up to 450 meters you can see a rocky and fluffy oak, Crimean pine or Pallas, beech and hornbeam, pine and ash, euonymus, dogwood and mountain ash grow higher, and already from 1100 meters yayly begin, as they call it in Crimea high mountain meadows. And these are very special places - such a lush kingdom of flowers in the spring is nowhere else! Bright yellow adonis and lilac crocuses, amazing colors of irises and violets, adonis and Crimean edelweiss cover the ground with huge carpets, and the purest mountain air is filled with the smell of thyme, lemongrass and oregano.

To say that there are many animals in this reserve of Crimea is to say nothing:

160 species of birds, including owl and pheasant, nightingale, starling and woodpeckers, rare black vulture and griffon vulture, buzzard and hawk, and even the endangered black stork, which was once exterminated in the Crimea, but now there is hope that they will nest again in the Crimean forests;
many large ungulates: red deer and roe deer, mouflon and wild boar; the most numerous hedgehogs, foxes, badgers, weasels and hares, mice different types and earthmovers.

That is why this place is considered the largest reserve and national park of Crimea. And all this despite the fact that thousands of hectares burned down during the Great Patriotic War. protected forests and almost all large animals were exterminated.

What nature reserves National parks, are there still reserves in the Crimea? There are many of them, and they are all different, but it is the magnificent combination of sea and mountains, meadows, forests and steppes that creates an amazing landscape and climate of the Crimea, which not a single person has resisted yet.

The Grand Canyon of Crimea is one of the natural wonders of the peninsula, an amazing creation of nature, which is a deep mountain gorge that cuts into the depths of the Ai-Petri massif for more than 3 kilometers.
The Grand Canyon of Crimea is one of the natural wonders of the peninsula, an amazing creation of the great mother nature, which is a deep mountain gorge that cuts into the depths of the Ai-Petrinsky massif for more than 3 kilometers. The gorge impresses with its severe beauty and originality of the landscape. From the entrance to the canyon from the side of the Kokkoz valley, a majestic panorama of a giant gorge opens up. To the right and to the left, cliffs rise steeply for tens and hundreds of meters, formidable cliffs rise above their heads.

As you move deeper into the canyon, the slopes of the giant crevice are getting higher and steeper, they are getting closer to each other. In the narrowest places, the width of the canyon does not exceed 3-5 meters. The depth of the gorge at the same time reaches 250 - 320 meters. Flowing along the bottom of the canyon clear waters Auzun-Uzen river - the main sculptor of the Grand Canyon. For thousands of years, flowing waters have cut through the rock mass and separated the table-like massif of Boyka from the northern Ai-Petri Yayla with a deep gorge.

There are more than 150 boilers and baths in the canyon, up to 2-3 m deep and 5-6 m wide. Water in winter and summer has almost the same temperature - about 11 °. In the heart of the canyon lie the famous "lakes" Goluboe (Love) and Kara-Gol (the bath of Youth), the Pania spring quenches the thirst of tourists, one of the 19 largest springs of the Crimean Mountains.

The largest of the "lakes", called the "Bath of Youth", reaches a depth of four meters. The legend says that after bathing in it, a person regains his strength and becomes younger.

The Dzhangul tract is located near the village of Olenevka. This landslide coast, about 5 km long, combines on its territory the most beautiful massifs of bizarre talus and various landslides. The view of the coast is harsh and wild, it is considered one of the "energy" places of the peninsula.

The Dzhangul tract is a romantic and creative place. The name Jangul itself means from the language of medieval oriental Farsi poets "The Flower of the Soul". Most often, the Dzhangul tract is compared with the buildings of imaginary giant children - chunks of the coast seem to be cut off by huge shovels and pushed into the sea.

It is somewhat similar to the coastal areas mountain Crimea. The upper part of Dzhangul is steppe. The gently undulating area is dissected by gullies, which, approaching the sea, transform into canyons and form a mountainous landscape. In the lower part of Dzhangul it looks completely different - it is already a landslide massif with accumulations of rock chaos and a large number of bizarre limestone figures created by weathering and abrasion.

The Dzhangul tract is known for its unique 40-meter limestone column, which miraculously maintains balance. The reserve captivates tourists with its pristine beauty. There is also a reserve "Dzhangul", almost completely covered with greenery. Dzhangul is especially beautiful during the "end of spring - beginning of summer" period, when green Crimean plants cover it with a carpet of rich colors.

Numerous wonderful places for recreation are open for tourists, but the beaches here can only be found narrow. Landslide paths turn into a sheer 60-meter wall, which breaks off above the sea. At the mouths of the gullies, one can find tiny picturesque shallows; they often end in cool grottoes.

If you walk 3 km north of Olenevka, the Dzhangulskoye tract will reveal weathering figures, fantastic and picturesque outlines - kekur. The word kekur is borrowed from the Siberian Tatars, the most famous kekur has a vertical graceful shape and is called a Candle. Many travelers claim that the Dzhangul Gorge can compete with Tibet itself in terms of the amount of “positive” energy!

The Dzhangul tract is ideally created by nature itself for kite surfing, diving, and wind surfing. Huge recreational potential is concentrated here - having come to admire Dzhangul, you can see phenomenal sightseeing objects, improve your health with the help of therapeutic mud and relax on beautiful beaches.

Few types of recreation or leisure activities can compete with being in the bosom of nature? Who will refuse the pleasure of feeling the spirit of complete freedom, inhaling clean air, saturated with the aromas of herbs and foliage?

Depriving oneself of the opportunity to contact nature more often is a retribution for the benefits provided by scientific and technological progress. From year to year, there are fewer and fewer places that would retain their original appearance. The problem raised prompted the birth of ecological tourism, which is in charge of helping to organize cultural recreation. The nature reserves cannot be left without attention. national park Crimea.

Crimean nature reserve: creation

Almost a hundred years have passed since the date of its formation. It was in the pre-revolutionary year of 1913 that the tsarist government decided to create the “Imperial Hunting Reserve”. At the same time, such rare artiodactyls as bison, Dagestan tur, Corsican mouflon, bezoar goat, Caucasian deer appeared on its territory.

Another 10 years have passed. The passions associated with the revolutionary events subsided a little, the Civil War. The Council of People's Commissars of the young Soviet country issued a special Decree on the transformation of the former tsarist reserve into a nature reserve. Initially, its territory had an area of 16 thousand hectares, but by the end of 1923 it was increased by 7 thousand hectares. Reserves and national parks of Crimea are increasingly attracting vacationers who are supporters of eco-tourism.

At the end of the 50s, the reserve changed its status, with the light hand of Khrushchev, it became the Crimean state reserve and hunting economy, where only high-ranking officials could be located. Only in 1991, the government of the Ukrainian SSR signed a decree, thanks to which the territory again turned into state reserve. It is located in the center of a group of mountain ranges under the general name of the Main Crimean Ridge. At the moment, the national park of Crimea occupies almost 33.4 thousand hectares.

Climate and flora of the reserve

The climatic conditions of the Crimean Reserve cannot be called stable. This factor is greatly influenced by the exposure of the mountain slope and altitudinal zonality. For example, on the topmost negative temperatures may be held for up to four months during the year. In the highlands, atmospheric precipitation falls in large quantities (more than 1000 millimeters per year), due to which the sources of many rivers of Crimea appeared in the center of the reserve, including Tavelchuk, Alma, Kacha, etc. There are almost three hundred springs in the mountains of the Crimean reserve. Many of them are healing, the famous spring Savlukh-Su stands out especially - its water is saturated with silver ions.

The flora of the territory under state protection is quite diverse, the number of species exceeds 1200. Forests grow separately from each other, where one of the following types of trees predominates:

Crimean pine and Scotch pine;
hornbeam;

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of the forest areas of this protected area in terms of soil protection and conservation water resources. Not all locals know what national parks are in Crimea.

Who lives in the main reserve of Crimea?

Animals of the class of vertebrates are represented by more than two hundred species. A red deer or a moufflon, a swiftly rushing Crimean roe deer, should not come as a surprise. Black vultures, griffon vultures and owls, of which there are several species, feel at ease. The state has taken under protection fifty-two species of animals, and thirty are listed in the Red Book of Europe. These include:

black stork;
bustard;
gray crane;
owl;
Crimean scorpion;
etc.

The rivers of the protected area cannot boast a large number of species of freshwater inhabitants. But among them there are such rare fish as the Crimean barbel and brook trout. There are not so many corners of the planet where you can find freshwater crab. Reserves and national parks of the Crimea are the natural heritage of the whole people, so people should take care of such magnificent places.

Here, specially for tourists, they once created ecological trails and recreational areas. Everyone who wants to get acquainted with the rich nature of the Crimea is provided unique opportunity see her with my own eyes.

Yalta Mountain Forest Nature Reserve

The starting point of the reserve with an area of 14 thousand 176 hectares is 1973. What nature reserves and national parks are in the Crimea excites many vacationers. IN Soviet time this area was the main health resort, so people are wondering if there are forests and ecologically clean corners today.

On the slopes of the mountains of this reserve, trees with rather high trunks grow - Crimean and ordinary pines. Thickets of oak and beech are sometimes replaced by undergrowth, which consists of evergreen representatives of the Mediterranean. And this is not surprising, since the climate at the foot is the same as in the resorts. mediterranean sea. The higher the slope, the greater the contrast.

Protected plants of the reserve

The number of species of those plants that need protection from the state is 78. Here are some of them:

adenophora Crimean;
maidenhair (or venus hair);
small-fruited strawberry;
Crimean cistus;
Crimean peony;
Crimean violet;
Bieberstein's splinter, etc.

There are also such species that have become widespread only within protected area(the scientific term is "endemic species"), for example:

bindweed Crimean;
carnation low;
Crimean geranium;
dubrovnik yaylinsky;
Crimean peony, etc.

Such national parks of Crimea should be under special protection. A list of names of park areas can be found in this article.

Animals of the reserve

In the sparse grass, reptiles crawl or bask on stones: Crimean lizard, Crimean gecko, snakes, yellow-bellied copperhead (from the family of already-shaped). Under the reliable protection of the state are animals from the genus bats: bats, night bat, horseshoe bat and evening.

Employees of the Yalta Reserve Special attention focus on educating the public about environmental issues. This goal is served by ecological trails and routes for everyone who wants to get more information about local attractions. The national parks of Crimea are becoming more and more famous. The names of these places were approved in the distant times of the USSR. It is important to treat these places with care so that our ancestors can also appreciate the natural beauties of Russia.

Azovo-Sivash National Natural Park

This park appeared almost twenty years ago - in 1993. Before that, there was the Azov-Sivash Reserve. Although nature Park and is considered Crimean, however, some part is within the Kherson region. In other words, he takes West Coast 57400 hectares.

The lion's share of the park's territory is located on the sea spit called and other small islands located nearby. Almost fifty species of fauna that live in the Azov-Sivash National Park have been included in the Red Book. Of course, the main national park of Crimea cannot be compared with this territory.

Reserve "Cape Martyan"

If you drive a little in the eastern direction of the famous one, you will definitely meet the Mys-Martyan reserve on the way. The entire area of its territory, including the Black Sea area, is 240 hectares. The status of the reserve was assigned to it in 1973, although the state took it under protection back in 1947.

The visiting card of the reserve is a relict forest, where at least five hundred species of vegetation grow, mostly belonging to the Mediterranean type. The name "Red Strawberry" (or "Small-fruited Strawberry") can be found in the International Red Book. This the rarest representative broad-leaved evergreen trees, which are found mainly in the eastern part of the European continent. This is also a national park of Crimea, so the inhabitants and plants of this area are treated in a special way.

Reserve "Swan Islands"

In the Karkinitsky Gulf - a part of the Black Sea, limited by the northwestern Crimean coastline - there are Lebyazhy Islands and a reserve of the same name. Its total area is 9612 hectares.

The reserve is part of the trajectory along which birds fly from Europe to the south (to Asia, Africa). Cormorants, flamingos, herons, etc. have chosen the islands to build their nests. In total, there are up to 265 species of birds.

Everyone should visit the national parks of Crimea, a list of which is presented in this article. These places delight and amaze with their naturalness.

The Crimean nature is rich and diverse, but for a long time it has existed under strong pressure from man. However, there are many species that do not live anywhere except Taurida. There are even more of those that are of resort importance (they improve the air, are a source of active substances), decorate the landscape, make it picturesque. Crimean nature reserves, national parks and specially protected areas are designed to protect the land and water of the peninsula and preserve them for the future. We'll talk about them today.

Protected mountains above the resort capital

The Yalta mountain and forest reserve appeared in 1973. Prior to that, a hunting ground existed in its place, which then went to the forestry. The security regime was designed to preserve both the resort region and protect the geology, the rocks themselves and the mountain peaks of Crimea.

The reserve stretches along the coast for 40 km, in the depths of the peninsula - for 23 km. It has such well-known objects as, and teeth. A part of the adjacent water area is also protected. The area of the reserve is now about 14.5 thousand hectares, in 2018 it received federal status.

It is difficult even to list what plants and animals inhabit it. Here grow fluffy and rocky oaks, pistachios, strawberries, peonies, orchids, sunflowers and a dangerous tree (its South African relatives were nicknamed even more original - "wait a little"). 65% of plant species diversity is present here, as well as rare peregrine falcons and imperial eagles, there are red deer, mouflons, foxes, many lizards and.

Hiking trips for tourists are constantly held in the Yalta Reserve - it owns the most famous tourist sites. There are standard routes with guides and conductors. Unauthorized visit and even more harm environment fraught with trouble.

Guarding an ancient volcano

Some of the natural protected areas of Crimea trace their history back to hunting or research centers of pre-revolutionary times. This is how the Karadag Reserve began - its pedigree starts from the scientific station named after. Vyazemsky, which appeared in 1914. Academician Pavlov insisted on taking the area under protection. The reserve itself was created only in 1979. It is positioned not so much as a security, but as a research institution.

Its perimeter is Karadag itself and the surrounding environs (that is, an array of an ancient volcano), coastal waters. The natural diversity is amazing - 2,500 plant species and 5,300 representatives of the animal kingdom, including dozens of endemics, as well as inhabitants of the Red Books. In the sea near the local shores, 45 species of vegetation and 900 living creatures of various sizes were recorded.

Kara-Dag is one of the most visited natural corners of the Crimea. Since now it is a scientific institution (volcanologists, marine biologists, geologists and representatives of many other natural sciences work here), the protection is somewhat weakened - many reviews say this, but this does not mean that you can cut trees or hunt here - it's all the same illegal.

Reserved namesake of the peninsula

For some reserves and national parks of Crimea, fate is like a detective story. Crimean Reserve started in 1913 as a royal hunting estate. For the crowned shooter, rare animals were imported there, exhibited for inspection, until they multiplied enough to become game. The revolution stopped the abuse of nature and in 1923 created a perimeter where disappearing samples were to be restored and introduced.

Military destruction is understandable, but the transformation of the reserve into a hunting farm again in 1957 is worth attention. Now only the archers were not the crowned bearers, but the communists and "democrats" elected by voting. The protected status was restored only in 1991. Now it is also a national park of Crimea.

The reserve belongs to the high-altitude leaders of the mountainous Crimea, including. There are more than 1200 representatives of flora, more than 8000 species of fauna (it has not yet been clarified exactly). These lands are especially beautiful in spring, when primroses bloom.

The national park has recreational areas for organized recreation, excursions are regularly held. They get in here and often get away with it, but those caught are heavily fined. On the territory of the park management () there is a Museum of Nature. The employees of the reserve conduct active lecture work.

The bird kingdom of the Crimean peninsula

Swan Islands - a chain of low patches of land in, formed as a result of erosion of a sand spit. They are unsuitable for management, therefore, for more than a century they have served as a safe haven for waterfowl and migratory birds.

The name is arbitrary - swans do not nest here, although they remain for the period of molting and often stop during flights. In addition, pelicans, flamingos and other birds live or pass by here.

Bird wealth was the reason for the creation of a specially protected area. Protecting the nature of the islands began in 1947, in 1949 they became a branch of the Crimean reserve. Since 1971, Lebyazhy has been an ornithological complex, and in 1991, with the restoration of its former status, they again became subordinate to it. Since 2018, it has been an independent reserve.

Visiting the attraction is allowed only when accompanied by a huntsman on a boat. Many birds here have already understood that they are not touched here, that is, almost tame. Taking pictures with them is not difficult, almost in an embrace. You can often see dolphins near the islets - they are also guarded here.

National park under double protection

The Opuksky Reserve is one of the youngest in the Crimea, created in 1998. But it is rich - in addition to the mountain and the legendary coastal Rock-ships, the Koyash medical salt lake and steppes with tulips, it owns an ancient Greek city. Yes, the area has not yet been explored, but still ahead.

The reserve was also lucky with the guards. Nearby is the Opuk military training ground. Shooting on it is limited, but the guard mode is preserved. So illegal travelers can be escorted out of here not only by uncles-foresters, but also by harsh "green men".

In addition to the beauties of the Kerch steppe, the reserve protects the unique geological structure of the cape, picturesque sea cliffs and complex system underwater tunnels near the coast (partially inhabited). Its existence also contributes to the preservation of the system and its healing mud.

Excursions to the reserve are especially in demand in the spring, when wild ones bloom. Mixed routes (by land and water) are also popular, allowing you to explore both the steppe and the beautiful coasts of Cape So. By agreement, they often dive near the coastline - to inspect underwater tunnels.

Map of Crimean reserves and reserves

Reserves and national parks of Crimea are a unique chance to preserve the peninsular nature. Its beauty is a good attraction for tourists, but visitors themselves are a threat to it. In conclusion - a video clip on the topic, enjoy watching!