The water temperature of the Sea of Azov. Features and water temperature in the Sea of Azov Water temperature in the Sea of Azov. What causes it
What is the water temperature in the Sea of Azov? And in Black? Where do you go anyway? Perhaps now all these questions are as relevant as possible. The time has come summer holidays and everyone strives to go to the sea for at least a week, take a break from the bustle of the city, din and constant haste.
Water temperature in the Sea of Azov. general description object
If you delve into history, you can quickly find out that in ancient times no Sea of Azov existed, but simply flowed into the Black Sea at the site of the modern Kerch Strait.
In ancient times, the Greeks called it the Meotian Lake, a little later the Romans renamed it the swamp of the same name.
Throughout history, the sea has been renamed several times: Balyk-Dengiz, Mayutis, Saks Sea, Salakar, Samakush, Chabak-Dengiz. And only in the second half of the 18th century, the name Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov was assigned to the reservoir, which probably occurred on behalf of the Polovtsian prince Azum (Azuf) killed on its shores.
The Sea of Azov can be classified as an inland sea located in the eastern part of Europe. According to experts, only by understanding its nature and characteristics, it is possible to draw the correct conclusion about the temperature differences of this reservoir.
First of all, it should be noted that the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov is considered the shallowest in the world, its depth does not exceed fourteen meters, while the average, fluctuating within marks of 6.8-8 m, is 7.4 m.
Water temperature in the Sea of Azov. What is it due to?
From the point of view of scientists, this object is characterized by both high temporal and spatial variability of the main thermal conditions. This feature can be explained by the presence of several factors at once:
- geographic location, because the sea is located just on the border of two types of seas: freezing and non-freezing;
- significant shallowness;
- sufficient indentation of the coast;
- low salinity.
The main source of heat, which abundantly enters the sea surface, is If calculated as a whole, then Azov is capable of absorbing 4000 MJ / m2 of the energy of the celestial body per year. Of this amount, 2200 MJ/m2 is needed for evaporation, 1500 MJ/m2 is used for effective radiation, and only 300 MJ/m2 is used for contact heat exchange with the environment.
A significant role is also played by water exchange with the neighboring Black Sea, as well as the flow of two full-flowing rivers - the Kuban and the Don. Although their influence is different. For example, the Kuban and the Black Sea make the waters of Azov warmer, but the Don, on the contrary, significantly cools.
Not so long ago, scientists conducted a selective analysis of data in different squares of the reservoir. As a result, it turned out that the water temperature in the Sea of Azov can also be characterized in terms of vertical thermal structure. The most stable indicators were observed from May to July, when the water, starting from shallow water, gradually warmed up, reaching its maximum value. Further, a process of stable cooling is observed, and, finally, in October, stratification becomes completely unstable.
Water temperature in the Sea of Azov in warm and cold seasons
Monthly water temperature values are very variable, in contrast to the average annual ones, which, according to experts, are quite stable. The water temperature of the Sea of Azov is controlled by two hydrometeorological stations located in Berdyansk and Mysovoy. Installed modern instruments show that standard monthly deviations range from 0.7 to 2.2 °C.
Their highest coefficients fall on April and October, i.e., precisely at the time when the most intense seasonal temperature changes are observed.
The smallest can be noted in summer and at the very beginning of autumn. At this time, the rate of seasonal changes in water temperature is underestimated. The same situation is observed in January-February, but only in Berdyansk, because. here the ice cover stabilizes the temperature considerably.
Note that the highest temperature values of water are in the range of 29.3-32.8 °C. The lowest ones are from approximately -2.4 °С in the city of Genichesk to about -0.5 °С in the city of Taganrog.
The Sea of Azov is characterized by significant temporal and spatial variability of thermal conditions. This feature is explained by the geographical position on the southern periphery of temperate latitudes (on the border of freezing and non-freezing seas), the shallowness of the Sea of Azov, the indentation of its coasts, relatively low salinity, etc. The interaction of all these factors determines the characteristics of the thermal conditions of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov.
The main source of heat entering the surface of the Sea of Azov is solar radiation. Number of total solar radiation absorbed by the Sea of Azov per year, on average over a long period is about 4000 MJ/m2. Of this amount of heat, 2200 MJ/m2 is spent annually for evaporation, about 1500 MJ/m2 for effective radiation, and 300 MJ/m2 for contact heat exchange with the atmosphere. The heat balance of the surface of the Sea of Azov is covered in detail on the page dedicated to climate.
Water exchange with the Black Sea, as well as the runoff of the Don and Kuban, have an insignificant effect on the thermal regime of the Sea of Azov. On average, for a year, the waters of the Don cool the sea, while the Black Sea and Kuban waters warm it. Quantification thermal influence of the above factors, related to the entire sea area, showed that the cooling effect of the Don is about 0.8 MJ/m2 per year, and the warming effect of the Kuban and Black Sea waters is 2.1 and 7.5 MJ/m2, respectively.
The predominant role of radiation factors in the formation thermal regime The Sea of Azov is clearly seen in the zonal distribution of the average annual long-term values of water temperature according to data from coastal stations. They gradually increase from 11.2°C in the northern part of the Sea of Azov to 12.2-12.4°C in the south, i.e. by about 0.5°C per 1° latitude. There are no distinct trends in the long-term course of temperature. Visually, one can distinguish a slightly lower background of the temperature of the Sea of Azov in the second half of the 20s - in the early 30s and an increased one - in the second half of the 60s - early 70s.
The calculation of long-term linear trends from the second half of the 1940s to 1986 showed practically no trend in Berdyansk and a slight positive trend (0.03 °C) in Mysovoy. The latter circumstance may be associated with some increase in the warming effect of the Black Sea waters in cold part year (October-February) in connection with the construction of the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric complex and an increase in river runoff withdrawals. This is to some extent confirmed by calculations of long-term trends. average monthly temperature waters of the Sea of Azov. It also follows from these data that the trends of monthly values are much larger than those of the annual ones, but in general, over the year, with long-term averaging, they practically balance out.
Seasonal changes in the water temperature of the Sea of Azov, as well as other shallow water areas of temperate latitudes, are very pronounced. The average monthly long-term values of water temperature at the coastal hydrometeorological stations of the Sea of Azov indicate the following. scope annual course in different areas of the Sea of Azov is 23.2-24.7 ° C, and decreases slightly in the direction from north to south, mainly due to the difference between the lowest temperatures in the northern and southern regions of the Sea of Azov.
The most low temperature observed in January-February, and the highest - in July. During the period of greatest warming, the water temperature practically levels off throughout the Sea of Azov. From the beginning of cooling (August), the water temperature in the southern part of the Sea of Azov becomes higher than the temperature in the northern and central regions. From April to July the picture is reversed. This is probably due not only to the zonal location of observation points and morphological features regions, but also with the warming effect of the Black Sea waters on the southern regions of the Azov Sea during the cooling period, and with their cooling effect during the period of intense warming of the shallow Azov Sea. In open deeper areas of the Sea of Azov, the maximum water temperature is observed in August.
The most intense warming of the waters in spring can be traced from April to May. According to coastal stations, at different points it is rounded at 7-9 °С (average 7.9 °С), in open areas of the Sea of Azov - 6.5-9.5 °С (average 8.4 °С). The most rapid cooling of waters near the coast occurs from September to October by 6-7 °С (average 6.5 °С), and in the open areas of the Sea of Azov from October to November - by 5.5-7.7 °С (average 6.5 °С). .7 °C).
The seasonal course of water temperature at coastal stations differs little from that in the shallow areas of the Sea of Azov and differs significantly from the seasonal course in deep water areas. The maxima of the curves are shifted by about half a month; during the period of heat accumulation, the water temperature in shallow water areas is higher than in deep water areas, and vice versa during the cooling period.
Monthly values of water temperature have much greater variability than average annual ones. Thus, according to the data of the Mysovoe and Berdyansk hydrometeorological stations, the standard deviations vary from 0.7 to 2.2 °C in different months. Their greatest values are in April and October, i.e., at the time of the most intense seasonal temperature changes. The least - for the summer and early autumn, when the rate of seasonal changes in the water temperature of the Sea of Azov is underestimated, as well as for January-February in Berdyansk, where the ice cover helps to stabilize the temperature. Data on the open areas of the Sea of Azov are not enough to obtain quantitative characteristics of the standard deviations of monthly water temperature values, but their qualitative analysis generally confirms the results obtained from data from coastal stations. Some difference is that in the open sea in May the deviations are somewhat greater than in April. The highest values of water temperature, according to urgent observations at coastal stations, are observed in July and in different areas of the Sea of Azov are 29.3-32.8 °C. The lowest (from -2.4 °С in Genichesk to -0.5 °С in Taganrog) can be observed in any of the winter months.
The spatial distribution of water temperature in the Sea of Azov due to its small size and shallow depths is characterized by low contrast. According to coast stations, during the period of greatest cooling (February), the average water temperature in the surface layer of the sea varies from 0-0.2 °С in the northern part of the sea to 1.0-1.2 °С in the southern part. There are very few data for open areas of the Sea of Azov in winter. However, since the heat reserve of waters here is greater than in coastal areas, it should be expected that the water temperature should also be somewhat higher than the indicated limits.
The temperature field during the period of the greatest warming of waters (July-August) also differs in low contrast. The average values of water temperature in the surface layer of the Sea of Azov, both in coastal areas and in the open sea, vary within 24-25 °C. During periods of warming up and cooling down, temperature contrasts increase. So, in April, water off the coast warms up to 8-11 °C, and in open areas of the sea it is below 7 °C (in the central part of the Sea of Azov it does not exceed 5.5 °C). In October, the water temperature in almost the entire open water area is above 14 °C, and in coastal areas, with the exception of the southernmost ones, it is below 14 °C.
Spatial distribution of water temperature in the bottom layer of the Sea of Azov in in general terms similar to the distribution in the surface layer. During the cooling period, the temperature background in the bottom layers, especially in the deep areas, is somewhat higher than near the surface, and during the warming period, on the contrary, it is lower. From the analysis of the available database, it follows that, starting from October, the average water temperature in the bottom layers in most areas becomes higher than in the surface, with the exception of the deepest areas, where, due to the greater heat capacity of the water masses, their cooling near the surface, and at the bottom it is slower than in the shallow waters of the Sea of Azov.
In November, apparently, a weak unstable vertical temperature stratification is established everywhere, which is easily destroyed by wind-wave mixing and, after reaching the vertical winter convection to the bottom, is replaced by homothermy. From March-April, the restructuring of the vertical thermal structure of the water of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov begins. Weak stable stratification is formed in most areas of the sea, with the exception of the deepest areas of the central part of the sea and the southwestern squares, where the temperature of the surface layer of the Sea of Azov is lower than the temperature of the bottom layers due to accumulation here in the spring under the action of prevailing winds drifting ice. Stable thermal stratification persists on average from May to September. The vertical temperature stratification of the waters of the Sea of Azov is usually insignificant.
The calculation of the repeatability of temperature differences in the surface and near-bottom layers, made according to observations at offshore stations, showed that in the majority of cases the difference does not exceed 1 °C, but in some cases, with weak winds and significant salinity gradients, it can reach 5-7 °C.
Analysis of data on selected shallow water squares of the Sea of Azov with largest number observations (depths of 4-6 m) and deeper areas (depths of 10-12 m) made it possible to reveal some features of the vertical thermal structure in different areas of the Sea of Azov. First, they confirm the weak temperature stratification of the sea waters. The average vertical gradients both in shallow and inland areas do not exceed 0.12–0.13 °C/m. Secondly, it is noted noticeable difference in the formation of a vertical thermal structure in areas with different depths during the navigation period. In shallow water areas, where the water heating in the upper and bottom layers occurs with a slight time shift, the gradients gradually increase and reach highest values in July, when the surface layer of water is maximally warmed up. With the beginning of its cooling, the gradients decrease, and in October the stratification becomes unstable.
In the deep areas of the Sea of Azov, where the bottom layers warm up more slowly with a significant lag behind the surface layer warming, the largest gradients are established already in May-June, and then begin to decrease. In April and October, homothermy or weak instability is practically established.
An essential addition to the characterization temperature regime Sea of Azov is the analysis of internal and external heat transfer. The calculation of heat transfer, in essence, is a continuation of the calculation heat balance. The external heat transfer is considered to be the half-sum of the absolute values of the incoming and outgoing parts of the heat balance of the surface of the Sea of Azov, and the internal heat transfer is the difference between the maximum and minimum heat content of the water mass.
On the shallow Sea of Azov, which occupies a small area, there are no pronounced climatic regions, however, two various zones external heat exchange. One of them is located in the central part of the Sea of Azov, the other - in the coastal shallow area, including the Taganrog Bay. The difference between the external heat exchange of these zones per year is 800 MJ/m2. As the external heat transfer maps show, its maximum values are located in the central, deep-water part of the Sea of Azov, and the minimum ones are in the shallow-water one, and the isolines of the external heat transfer in general terms repeat the isobaths. The dependence of the external heat exchange on the depth of the Sea of Azov is closely related to the annual amplitudes of the heat balance. In areas where the amplitude of the heat balance is higher, the external heat transfer is greater, the minimum values of the heat transfer are located in areas with a lower amplitude of the heat balance. The close relationship between the heat balance of the Sea of Azov and depth is explained by the fact that the active layer is the entire water column and with increasing depth due to a decrease in the expenditure part of the heat balance (lower water temperature in the deep part and the associated lower heat loss for evaporation) the final value of the balance increases. The maximum and minimum values of the external heat exchange per year are about 1200 and 400 MJ/m2, respectively.
The distribution of internal heat circulation in general terms repeats the distribution of external heat, and the depth of the Sea of Azov is of decisive importance here too. This is explained by the fact that the extreme values of heat content in the small and shallow Sea of Azov occur during periods when the entire mass of water has almost the same temperature, and the heat reserve is determined only by depth, on which the spatial distribution of internal heat exchange depends.
The internal heat exchange is slightly less than the external one. For the entire sea, the difference between the total values of external and internal heat exchange for the year is 113 MJ/m2. Following the arguments of V.S. Samoylenko on the effect of ice cover on the discrepancies in the values of the external and internal heat exchanges of the Sea of Azov, this difference can be attributed to heat losses during ice formation. Approximate calculations of the possible thickness of ice (average over the sea), which should form by the end of winter according to the formula he proposed, and a comparison of the obtained value with actual data, allow us to consider this assumption legitimate.
The processes of ice formation and ice melting are reflected not only in the internal, but also in the external heat circulation of the Sea of Azov. During the period of ice melting and the removal of ice to the southern regions of the Sea of Azov, there is a slight decrease in water temperature and, as a result, a decrease in the expenditure part of the heat balance, thereby affecting the external heat transfer.
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Water temperature in June in the Sea of Azov - in detail
June - the first summer month. The water temperature in the Sea of Azov gradually rises in June. So, if the average water temperature at the beginning is +21°C, then the average water temperature at the end in the Sea of Azov is +25°C.
average temperature air in the Sea of Azov in June is 22°C.
Water temperature in June in the Sea of Azov in different years
The day with the coldest sea in the Sea of Azov was in 2018. The average water temperature in the sea was only +18.9°C. It was June 4, 2018
day with the most warm sea in the Sea of Azov was in 2016. The average water temperature in the sea reached +27.9°C. It was June 27, 2016
Water temperature for every day in June in the Sea of Azov in different years shown in the chart below:
The average sea water temperature in June in the Sea of Azov
The coldest sea in the Sea of Azov was in 2017. The average water temperature in the sea was only +22.3°C.
The warmest sea in the Sea of Azov happened in 2012. The average water temperature in the sea reached +24°C.
The graph of the average monthly sea water temperature in the Sea of Azov in June for different years clearly demonstrates this:
Records for water temperature in the Sea of Azov in June
It has been monitoring the sea water temperature in the Sea of Azov since 2010. And, I must say, water temperature records happen quite often. Almost every day at a particular resort, the water is either the coldest or the warmest. Below are the minimum and maximum temperatures water in the sea in the Sea of Azov in June.
The climate on the Sea of Azov is significantly different from the Black Sea. It is drier due to the fact that the main water area is located among the steppes. Therefore, the Sea of Azov is often hotter, and the water warms up much faster.
IN warm years The water on the Sea of Azov warms up to 22-23°C already at the end of May. But for children up to seven or ten years old, it may seem cold. Therefore, if there is no task to harden the child, or the baby is prone to bronchopulmonary diseases, it is better not to go to Azov this month.
The water in the Sea of Azov is not as salty as in the Black Sea, so it will not harm the skin of even the smallest.
In June, the water temperature in the Sea of Azov reaches 24-26°C, depending on the weather. In rainy years, it warms up more slowly. But on the other hand, in June, the first vegetables and fruits begin to ripen, which are very useful for children. In addition, it is still not as hot as in July-August, the heat is tolerated quite easily. And the prices for renting real estate in June are lower than in the second half of summer. That is why families often choose this month to relax on the Sea of Azov.
The only disadvantage of the Sea of Azov is the monotonous coastal landscapes. There are no beautiful mountains, as in the Black Sea. But this is more likely to upset parents than children.
In July, the water in Azov becomes very warm. It reaches 27-29оС. Very young children will like this temperature very much. They will splash in shallow water for a long time without freezing at all. But in the second half of July, it is often too hot on the coast. Therefore, when relaxing with infants or preschoolers, you should not go to the beach between twelve in the afternoon and four in the evening. Toddlers can get heatstroke, which is accompanied by a very unpleasant symptoms- Severe headache, fever, nausea and vomiting. If you want to leave the house during the day, the child must wear a hat and smear the skin sunscreen with a high UF factor.
The end of August - September is the best time for families with children on the Sea of Azov
By mid-August, the heat on the Sea of Azov subsides, and the water remains just as warm. Therefore, this time is optimal for families with children on the coast. There is no longer a suffocating heat, a light fresh breeze blows from the sea. The only negative of this period is that in some places on the coast an active growth of algae begins. They are not dangerous, but entering the sea filled with various plants is not very pleasant. Children may not like the feeling of something touching their skin in the water. But there are always algae-free beaches, so you can find out in which area it is better to stay before leaving.
The Sea of Azov attracts summer season many vacationers. Quite inexpensive accommodation prices allow you to spend unforgettable days by the water, and the relative proximity to major cities in the European part of Russia makes it possible to get to the coast in a matter of hours.
You will need
- - access to the Internet.
Instruction
To relax on the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, you can use the services of travel agencies or look for a suitable option. In the first case, you need to visit the travel agencies of your city and familiarize yourself with the list options. Buy tickets from travel agency, you get rid of the hassle of purchasing tickets for travel to a place of rest and finding accommodation on the coast. Not only rest, but also treatment will be available to you if you decide to stay in a medical boarding house.
Many tourists prefer to go to. However, in this case, you should also take care of accommodation for the night in advance. You can in the private sector or in small holiday homes, you can use the Internet. To search for suitable options, type in the search engine the query "rest on the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov", you will receive many suitable links.
The choice of holiday destinations on the Sea of Azov is quite large, but it is better to relax in traditional resort towns - for example, Yeysk, this is one of the best places on the coast. By visiting the azov-sea website, you can get acquainted with the list of hotels and boarding houses, find out the cost of living in them. From the European part of Russia, you can get to Yeysk by train, by plane (to Rostov-on-Don or Krasnodar), by bus. As a rule, many tourists first get to Rostov-on-Don, after which they take a bus to Yeysk from the bus station.
You can also relax near Yeysk or Taganrog by renting a room or an outbuilding in a private house. This option will be the cheapest, you can agree on accommodation and check-in time in advance via the Internet. You can relax on almost the entire coast, but the beaches in this case may be unequipped. It is worth noting that in some places the Sea of Azov is distinguished by the presence of fairly strong currents, there may be fishing nets in the water. Therefore, you should swim on equipped beaches. The advantage of the Sea of Azov is that it is shallow, on many beaches you can go up to half a kilometer deep before you can go into the water up to your waist. Shallow water makes the beaches of the Sea of Azov very comfortable and safe for children.
Sources:
- Housing in the private sector Dolzhanskaya
The warm Sea of Azov annually attracts thousands of tourists. Some enjoy swimming in the shallow azure waters. Others enjoy sunbathing on sandy beaches stretching for miles. Some are interested in the opportunity to improve their health and relax at the same time. The bulk of tourists from former union The Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov attracts with the opportunity to inexpensively relax.
What is good rest on the Azov coast
Those wishing to soak up the beach will like the long sandy shores stretching along the coast. Dreamers from the tops of the rocky cliffs will be able to watch the sunsets. There will be something for both people who lead an active lifestyle and those who come to combine relaxation with treatment.
Cheap places to stay
Those who cannot afford to rest on expensive resorts, choose places and sanatoriums cheaper. Where can you find them:
Arab arrow. Fans of sunbathing will enjoy relaxing on the Arabat Spit. This is a sandy spit with a length of more than 100 km, separating the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov and the Sivash Bay. The northern part of the arrow is built up with boarding houses and recreation centers of various price categories. Among them are "Coral", AzovRoyal, "Arabesques" and other places of recreation. Their beaches are equipped with entertainment attractions. In coastal cafes you can refresh yourself with chilled drinks or ice cream. For those who like to relax "savage", it is preferable to stay on the southern part of the spit. There is something here for both cyclists and fishermen. The cost of a room in the private sector is from 250 rubles.
Rest in Kerch. Due to the fact that there are not so many boarding houses in the city of Kerch, if you are going there for a vacation, you should think about booking rooms in advance. Moreover, there are always enough tourists here. People are attracted by the low prices and attractions of the city. You can find it if you want. Kerch is a rather old city. So here is how antique monuments and fortresses, and the catacombs of the war years. In moments of relaxation between excursions, you can soak up the sunny beach. The cheapest "apartments" will cost 250 rubles. from a person.
Shchelkino. To the west of Kerch is the village of Shchelkino. It is not yet so famous among the resorts of the Azov coast. That is why housing prices here are more than reasonable. Moreover, after the closing of the Kazantip festival, there are not very many tourists even during the season. But there are secluded bays with beautiful beaches. Economy vacation will cost from 200 rubles.
Taganrog. Rest in Taganrog can also be relatively inexpensive. This year, a one-room apartment will cost from 600 rubles per day. Rooms in the private sector are rented from 350 rubles.
Yeisk. On the Azov coast Yeysk is considered the largest resort. The beaches of the city are equipped with a variety of attractions. For children, it will be interesting to visit the dolphinarium and the water park. The cost of housing starts from 350 rubles for accommodation in the private sector.
Rest "" is considered the cheapest. Not everyone agrees to such pleasure. But on the other hand, there are much more impressions after this than after a civilized rest. You choose!
Temperature of surface layers sea water in the Black and Azov Seas, completely depends on the time of year and time of day, in the open sea it fluctuates on average from 6 to 25 °C, reaching 30 °C in shallow water.
The Sea of Azov is the northeastern lateral basin of the Black Sea, with which it is connected by the Kerch Strait, in ancient times the Cimmerian Bosphorus. The width of the strait at its narrowest point is 4.2 km. This is the shallowest sea in the world, its depth does not exceed 15 meters.
Black Sea - inland sea of the basin Atlantic Ocean. The Bosphorus connects with Sea of Marmara, further, through the Dardanelles - with the Aegean and mediterranean seas. The Kerch Strait connects with the Sea of Azov. From the north it cuts deep into the sea Crimean peninsula. The water boundary between Europe and Asia Minor runs along the surface of the Black Sea. The area is 422,000 km2. The outlines of the Black Sea resemble an oval with the largest axis about 1150 km. The greatest length of the sea from north to south is 580 km. The greatest depth is 2210 m, the average is 1240 m.
Water surface temperature in the Black and Azov seas
The color gradations show the sea surface temperature in degrees Celsius.
The map, which provides information for the past day, is updated daily around 0400 UTC.
UTC - coordinated universal time (coinciding with Greenwich Mean Time).
The water temperature field is built on the basis of data from operational satellite and ground-based observations.
The map was built at the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia according to NCDC/NOAA data.