The geographical position of the People's Republic of China. Geographic location of China
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1. Describe the geographical location of China.
China is located in East Asia. Washed by water from the east western seas Pacific Ocean. In the northeast, China borders with the DPRK and Russia, in the north - with Mongolia, in the northwest - with Russia and Kazakhstan, in the west - with Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan, in the southwest - with Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan , in the south - with Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. The benefits of such a geographical location are a wide outlet to the Asia-Pacific region, which is now rapidly developing. The high mountainous relief of Western China makes it difficult to contact with its western neighbors.
2. What is China's place in the world today?
Today's China is the largest state in the world. It ranks first in terms of population, second in terms of the cost of products and services, and third in area. Almost all types of industrial products are produced in China. Modern China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Every 7-8 years the country doubles the production of goods and services. China is able to fully provide its population with everything necessary. In addition, it is China that dresses and shoes half the world.
3. Tell us about the activities and lifestyle of the Chinese.
94% of the country's population are Chinese. Distinctive features Chinese are diligence, organization, diligence, a special sense of the unity of man and nature. Most of the inhabitants live in countryside, but the number of citizens is growing. China has the largest labor force in the world. The number of people employed in the economy is almost 50%. Their predominant part (74%) is in rural areas.
4. Compare the maps in figures 206 and 207. Make a conclusion about the relationship between population density and land use in agriculture. Name the crops that are grown: a) in the South-East; b) in the Northeast.
Population density is directly related to natural conditions. Since ancient times, people have inhabited the most suitable areas for agriculture. Therefore, areas of highest population density and agricultural areas coincide.
a) irrigated rice, tea and other heat-loving crops are grown in the Southeast;
b) barley, wheat, sugar beets are grown in the Northeast.
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6. Imagine that you are traveling in China. Write a letter to a friend about your experience. Reveal in a letter the features of nature, life, life, economic activity the population of the country.
China is an amazing country that you must visit. The nature of China is diverse. There is a holiday for every taste here: for lovers of landscapes, skiing, beach holiday architecture connoisseurs.
The people of China tend to respect knowledge, scholarship, and books. Chinese people greet each other with a handshake. Entrepreneurs should have business cards with them, the text on which should be printed in Chinese (preferably in gold ink) and English(just not red). The Chinese are extremely economical, trying to quickly accumulate capital.
In China, people dress quite normally, so don't bring anything special and extravagant with you. For formal occasions, bring a jacket and tie, a suit or formal dress. It is best to use small but capacious suitcases or bags on wheels. Prepare to change quite often, the weather in China is changeable.
Traveling around Beijing with a cycle rickshaw is an unforgettable experience. Although the cycle rickshaws that are on duty at the hotels waiting for customers often ask for a rather high price, it is definitely worth a ride.
Tipping is not customary, but the maid or porter at the hotel will not refuse 1-2 yuan.
The Chinese have never considered honesty a virtue, but in relation to foreigners, cunning and deceit are traditional. Deception of a foreigner is considered a sign of great intelligence. Therefore, tourists are advised to bargain furiously and check the change against the light, as the money is often counterfeit.
7. Do you have Chinese goods in your house? What can you say about their quality, price? Which of the Chinese goods would you advise to buy?
Today, Chinese goods are in every home. Most Chinese goods are consumer goods and not very High Quality. Today, absolutely everything and absolutely any quality is produced in China. This situation has arisen for one simple reason: cheap work force, low environmental standards. That is why there is a huge number of factories and enterprises in China, the number of which is in the tens of millions. The Chinese produce absolutely EVERYTHING: from food and socks to equipment for metalworking and heavy engineering. But many do not believe this, thinking that the Chinese are only capable of producing cheap consumer goods, plastic products and dangerous toys that our children break on the first day.
Today, however, many products of high and very high quality are produced in China. This is an iPhone and products apple company. Perhaps many of you are not at all surprised by the technologies that exist today, but, in fact, this is a real miracle. China is a supplier of metal profiles from which, attention!, high-speed trains are made on European (including Bombardier) and Russian enterprises. China independently produces for itself all cars, ABSOLUTELY ANY BRANDS and they are all of excellent quality. I would say that they produce for themselves even better than we do for ourselves. You can understand this if you drive such a car at least once: they are all packed full of electronics. They simply don’t have such naked configurations as we have.
But the current situation is such that Russia is a place for the sale of low-quality rubbish. Because there are still a lot of Russian people chasing a low price, often neglecting quality. But on the other hand, the Chinese produce a lot of things and little things for us, the quality of which is not so important to us: some household items, plastic products, and so on.
Therefore, it is difficult to deny, but in many Chinese goods we just need and are not ready to buy similar things from other manufacturing countries, which will cost us an order of magnitude more expensive, and will last much longer. Even when buying another obviously low-quality item, many are attracted by the price of the product, and we know that we can buy another one of the same without any problems, because it is very inexpensive.
8. Currently China by volume industrial production is among the world leaders. but most of its population still has a low standard of living. Try to explain this fact.
Various sources claim that the wealth of the Chinese is growing and the average wages this is confirmed. However, if we talk about ordinary workers in factories and factories, and even more so about rural residents, then their incomes are meager. This is due to the large labor market in China. The presence of a huge number of labor resources makes them cheap.
China, despite the rapid pace of development, still cannot provide a decent standard of living for all the inhabitants of the country precisely because of their number.
The People's Republic of China (abbreviated: China) is located in the eastern part of Asia, washed by the waters of the western seas of the Pacific Ocean. China's land area is 9.6 million square meters. km, it is the largest country in Asia in terms of area, and the third in the world, second only to Russia and Canada.
In the meridian direction, the territory of China extends for 5500 km from the median line of the channel of the Heilongjiang River. north of the city Mohe to the Zengmuansha coral reefs at the southernmost tip of the Nanshaqundao archipelago. In the latitudinal direction, the territory of China stretches for 5200 km from the confluence of the Heilongjiang and Wusulijiang rivers to western edge Pamir highlands. The length of the land border of the country is 22.8 thousand km.
The coast of the mainland of China in the east and south is washed by the waters of the Bohai (area - about 80 thousand square kilometers), Yellow (area - 380 thousand square kilometers), East China (area - 770 thousand square kilometers) and South -Chinese (area - 3.5 million sq. Km) seas. In particular, the area of territorial waters, which have the same position along with the territory, is 380 thousand square meters. km. The results of a comprehensive survey of the islands of the country, conducted during 1988 - 1995, showed that the islands, whose area is more than 500 square meters. m, in China there are 6961, of which 433 are inhabited. According to the principle of "one state - two systems", the remaining 411 islands are directly subordinate to Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao. The total length of China's coastline is 32,000 km, including 18,000 km of continental coastline and 14,000 km of insular coastline.
China borders on land with 14 countries (DPRK, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Laos and Vietnam), and 6 countries are located from the coast of China and separated from it by seas ( Republic of Korea, Japan, Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia).
Geographic Features of China
The relief of China is the most diverse. There are majestic plateaus, the highest mountain peaks, spacious plains, low hills, there are also large and small depressions in the arms of mountains. The 5 main landforms are found throughout the continent of China. Mountainous areas make up two thirds of the country.
The territory of China resembles a four-step staircase descending from west to east. The highest rung of this "ladder" is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with an average height of more than 4000 m above sea level. To the north and east of it stretch the Kunlun, Qilianshan and Hengduanshan mountain ranges, which are the border between the first and second steps.
On the second relief step (stairs) there are large depressions and mountain plateaus, average height here between 1000-2000 m, the border of the second and third steps are the Greater Khingan, Taihanshan, Wushan and Xuefengshan mountains lying in the east.
On the third relief step (stairs) there are expanse plains, between which there are hills and low mountains, the height for the most part reaches 500 m and below.
If through the 32nd northern latitude to make a profile map of the relief of China from west to east, then the stepped relief of China is clearly visible - from the high mountain plateau in the western part to depressions in the central part and, finally, to the plains in the eastern part.
The third stage of the Chinese continent passes into the continental shallow plume, which represents the natural elongation of the continent into the sea. The sea here is shallow, the slope is soft, marine resources are rich.
In China, there are many rivers and lakes, water resources are rich. The waters of most of the rivers of China rush to the east and south, flow into the Pacific Ocean, only a small number of them flow into Indian Ocean. The Ertsis (Irtysh) River flows from Xinjiang to the north and flows into the Arctic Ocean abroad.
The cultivated area in China is only 7% of the arable land in the world, but it can feed 1/5 of the world's population
This is an East Asian country rich history in the past and one of the largest powers in the present. According to historians, China is one of the oldest countries in the world; the age of Chinese civilization can be about five thousand years. Mankind owes him many inventions, cultural values and most ancient philosophy, relevant to this day. IN modern world China (People's Republic of China) occupies a prominent political and economic position. Now China is already claiming the position of the world's largest economy.
Geographic characteristics
Territory and location
In terms of area, China ranks third in the world after Russia and Canada. It is located in the southeast of the Asian continent, and is washed by the seas of the Pacific Ocean. This, the largest state in Asia, borders on Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Korea from the west. In the south, China's neighbors are India, Pakistan, Burma (Myanmar), Nepal, Laos, Vietnam and Korea. The longest line of the border between China and Russia, its long eastern part stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the Mongolian-Chinese border, and then a very small western (only 50 km) part from Mongolia to the Kazakh-Chinese border. China shares maritime borders with Japan. The total area of the state is 9598 thousand square kilometers.
Population
With such a vast territory, China is inhabited by many nationalities and ethnic groups that form a single nation. The most numerous nationality is the "Han", as the Chinese call themselves, the remaining groups make up 7% of total number the population of the country. There are 56 such ethnic groups in China, among them the most notable are the Uighurs, Kirghiz, Daurs, Mongols, all of them belong to the Turkic language group. Among the Han Chinese, there is also a division into southern and northern, which can be traced by dialects and dialect. Gotta give credit public policy state, which leads to the gradual erasure of national differences. Total population The population of China is about 1.3 billion people, and this is without taking into account the ethnic Chinese living in different countries peace. According to sociologists, the Chinese make up a quarter of the world's population.
Nature
China can rightly be called a mountainous country. The area of the Tibetan Plateau, located in the southwest, covers about 2 million square kilometers, almost a quarter of the total area. The mountains of China descend in steps to the sea. From Tibet, at a height of 2000-4000 meters above sea level, comes the second stage - Central China and the Sichuan mountains with heights up to 2000 meters.
Alpine plains are also located here, the great rivers of China originate from here. The third mountain step descends to the Great China Plain in the east of the country, its area is 352 thousand square kilometers and it extends along the entire eastern sea coast. The height of this area is up to 200 meters above sea level. These are the most fertile and most densely populated regions of China, the valleys of the Huang He and Yangtze rivers. The southeast of the country is bordered by the Shandong Mountains, the famous Wuyishan Range and the Nangling Mountains. Thus, more than two thirds of the entire area is occupied by mountain ranges, highlands and mountain plateaus. Almost 90% of China's population lives in the Yangtze, Zhujiang and Xijiang river valleys in the southeast, which are fertile valleys. The valley of the great Yellow River is much less densely populated due to the unpredictable nature of the river ...
The rivers of China have a catchment area of about 65% of the entire territory, external water systems that carry water to the Pacific and Indian oceans prevail over internal ones. These are the Yangtze, Huanghe, Amur (Hei Longjiang - Chinese), Zhujiang, Mekong (Lan Cangjiang - Chinese), Nujiang. Inland rivers are of little importance. The existing small lakes are mostly located in mountainous regions. However, several large lakes are known to many, this is Qinghai - a large salt Lake, the second largest after Issyk-Kul. Poyanghu, Dongtinghu, Taihu, located in the Yangtze River valley, are large freshwater lakes. They have great importance for agriculture and fish farming. Lots of man-made reservoirs. The total area of China's lakes, large and small, is 80,000 square kilometers...
In addition to the Mekong River, which passes through neighboring Laos and Vietnam, which flows into the Indian Ocean, all other rivers in China have access to Pacific Ocean. coastline from North Korea to Vietnam is 14.5 thousand kilometers. These are the South China Sea, the Yellow, the Korean Gulf of the East China Sea. The seas have importance in the lives of ordinary Chinese and in the country's economy. The trade routes that unite the whole of Southeast Asia run precisely along these seas, they are the unifying beginning of this region...
Due to climatic diversity, diverse and vegetable world as well as the animals living in these areas. A very large part of the vegetation is represented by bamboo forests, they occupy up to 3% of China's forests. The border areas in the north are taiga, the southern mountainous regions are jungle. The vegetation of the mountains of the southeast is very rich and varied. Here you can find many endemic species of the humid subtropics, while the boreal floodplain forests are practically absent. In the mountains of the west you can meet familiar coniferous forests- larch, pine, cedar, when moving south and east - broadleaf forests with maples, oak and many relic woody plants. Closer to the sea coast, evergreen broad-leaved forests begin to predominate, and mangrove forests are found on the coast itself. Endemic species are represented by shrubs and small trees of the Rosaceae family - plum, apple, pear. China is the birthplace of tea trees and bushes - camellias.
The animal world is also rich and diverse, but the increasing influence of man, the development natural areas reduces the habitats of wild animals. There are a lot of rare and endangered species, especially endemic species of birds - the crowned red crane, eared pheasant, turpan. Among the animals - golden monkey and bamboo bear panda, in the rivers - a river dolphin and a freshwater crocodile. Five large nature reserves have been organized in China to protect rare species, they are designed to protect the biocenoses of certain regions, and have the status of biospheric ...
Thanks to its territory, mountainous regions and sea coast, China is in every possible climatic zones except for the Arctic. Sharply continental climate in the highlands and subtropics in the southeast. Temperate climate in the northeastern regions bordering Russia and similar in climate to it, the tropics of Hainan Island, a world-famous resort. Despite this diversity, most of the territory of China is classified as a temperate continental climate, the most populated part of the country lives in it. If the climate is mild in the north-east of the country, winter temperatures do not drop below -16˚С, and summer temperatures do not exceed +28˚С. In the border regions with the taiga regions of Russia, frosts down to -38˚С are observed in winter. There is practically no winter on the tropical coast and Hainan Island.
The climate of densely populated areas, especially the southeast, is influenced by the summer monsoons, the climate here is humid. As we move north and west, the amount of precipitation decreases, in the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas it is already arid summer months and frosty winters, this is the region of the famous Gobi Desert...
Resources
As a country of young mountains, China is rich in fossil resources, coal, precious and rare earth metals. There are large deposits in the mountains iron ore, exploration of the coast revealed the presence of rich oil fields. In terms of coal mining, China occupies one of the first places in the world and a leader in the region. Deposits of mineral raw materials are concentrated mainly in the northern regions, hydrocarbons, oil shale and coal - in central China and the coastal shelf. The mountains provide rich gold veins; China also occupies one of the first places in the world economy in the extraction and smelting of gold ...
China is actively developing and using the full potential natural resources subsoil of the earth within the boundaries of its territory, extracting and processing minerals such as coal, iron ore, oil, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium...
Today, China's economy is one of the fastest growing. Gross product growth for last years grew so dramatically that it is customary to call the Asian miracle. Once an agrarian country, China has now surpassed even Japan in its growth. Such effective economic growth is based not only on rich mineral and workforce. The centuries-old experience of trade, the thousand-year-old wisdom of the East and the industriousness of the people affected. China's most notable successes lie in fuel energy, electronics, consumer goods, and textiles. Nuclear energy is developing powerfully and, in alliance with Russia, the space industry. Agriculture brought to new level using all the latest achievements science. While the whole world is arguing about the possibilities of genetic engineering, in China every peasant is already using these developments at their primitive, but quite effective level...
culture
The culture of China has more than one millennium. You can talk about China's contribution to world achievements for hours. If such inventions as the wheel, paper, gunpowder are disputed by other cultures, then the production of porcelain, the cultivation of tea, silk, undoubtedly, remains with the Chinese civilization. The peoples inhabiting China have invested their efforts in this culture. In addition to the southern and northern Han, the Chinese, the country is inhabited by many nationalities and language groups who contribute to the diversity of musical, visual culture, applied arts and poetry...
Chinese Buddhism and Taoism are the most famous in the world, and the philosophy of Confucius is studied as an applied science for leaders of the highest echelons of power. Martial arts China were developed and brought to such a level that they turned from the art of killing into the art of the moral and physical health of the nation.
China gave the world great thinkers - Confucius and Chuang Tzu, great poets Li Bo and Sun Tzu, great military leaders and wise rulers. The wisdom of the ancient East made it possible in the modern world to use all the same philosophical truths that give rise to material well-being from spiritual values.
China is a country located in East Asia. Russia, Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan are the countries with which the PRC borders. The territory of the country is washed by such seas as the South China Sea, the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. As part of the Chinese People's Republic includes several islands, including the island of Taiwan.
The territory of China is usually divided into two parts, which have a whole range of differences, starting with natural and ending with historical features. Thus, the Western part of the state has a rather low population density, and also has a continental climate. In the southwestern part of China, the highest highlands (here we mean global scale) are concentrated - Tibetan, around which the highest mountain systems are located - the Himalayas, Karakorum, Nan Shan, Kun Lun. North of these mountain systems lower mountains are concentrated, such as the Mongolian Altai and the Tien Shan. In rather extensive intermountain basins and flat areas of the northern and northwestern parts of the country there are deserts - Alashan, Takla-Makan, Gobi. This area has a predominantly sharply continental, dry climate.
The eastern part of the country is characterized by the predominance of plateaus, as well as low and medium mountain ranges. These are the Loess Plateau, the Greater Khingan, the Manchurian-Korean Mountains, the Lesser Khingan and others. The Great Chinese Plain bears its proud name for a reason. It occupies a significant part of the area East China. Here there is a monsoon humid climate, which transitions from temperate in the northeast to tropical in the southeast. One of the most major rivers The People's Republic of China is considered to be the Yangtze and the Yellow River, the Yellow River is also called the Yellow River. The mountains of the western part of China are the starting point for such Asian rivers as the Ganges, Indus, Mekong, Brahmaputras. Kukunor, Dongtinghu and Poyanghu are the most large lakes China. Together with Russia, China shares Lake Khanku - China owns the northern part of the lake, and Russia owns the southern.
The climatic features of the PRC are such that in the west of the country cattle breeding (nomadic) is considered more developed, in the east of the country agriculture prevails.
The main wealth of China are considered mineral resources. China ranks first in the world in terms of coal reserves. In addition, China is also rich in oil, polymetallic and iron ores. The country has significant reserves of rare metals. Of the main mining regions of the country, southern Manchuria and the southeastern part should be distinguished.
China is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent. The territory of China is 9.6 million square meters. km. This is the most big country in Asia. Among the countries of the whole world, China is second in area only to Russia and Canada.
East to West China's territory extends to 5500 km. The westernmost point (73º40′ E) lies in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR). Extreme eastern point(135º5′ E) is located at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri. The northern tip of the country (53º31′ N) is also located on the Amur near the city of Mohe. south point(4º15′ N) - Cape Zengmuansha in the southern tip of the Nansha archipelago. Distance between the southern and northern points - 5200 km. The length of the land border of the country is 22.8 thousand km.
China borders on land with 14 countries: with Korea in the northeast, with Russia and Mongolia - in the north, with Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and India - in the southwest, with Burma, Laos and Vietnam - in the south. In the east and southeast, China has maritime borders with Japan, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia.
The relief of the country is extremely diverse. Mountainous regions make up 2/3 of the entire territory of China. The PRC is located within the fragmented Chinese Precambrian Platform and younger sites. The eastern part is mostly low-lying, while the western part is elevated and mountainous. The territory of China resembles a four-step staircase descending from west to east. In the West are Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau(the highest in the world average height is about 4500 m). In North-west- high plains and mountains Eastern Tien Shan, central part is loess plateau, Further to the East the lowlands stretched out Great Plain of China. Low chains stretch in northeast China Manchurian-Korean mountains and Khingan, but on South- the mountains Nanling and Yunnan-Guizhou Highlands. rocky Takla Makan and Gobi deserts occupy vast areas in the north and west of the country, and subtropical forests- Southeast China.
The coast of mainland China in the east and south is washed by the waters of the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China Seas pertaining to the Pacific Ocean. The total length of China's coastline is 32,000 km, including the length of the continental coastline is 18 thousand km. In China, there are many bays and convenient harbors, although for the most part they are shallow. In China there are 6961 islands, of which 433 are inhabited. Of these, Taiwan and Hainan are the largest. by the most eastern islands China are Diaoyu and Chiweiyu, located to the northeast of Taiwan. To the south are the Spartly Islands.
Geographical position China is quite profitable. The coastal position contributes to the development of its economy and foreign economic relations. The country has sea access from the hinterland through the Yangtze River. Sea vessels rise up the Yangtze for more than 1000 km. Water resources The PRC is large, the eastern, more populated and highly developed part of the country is best provided with them. River waters are widely used for irrigation. China ranks first in the world in terms of potential hydropower resources, but their use is still very small.
China is in three climatic zones. Northern and Western China are in the temperate zone. continental climate. average temperature in winter it is -7°C, in summer +22°C. Strong dry winds are typical for winter and autumn. Central China lies in the subtropical climate zone. The temperature in winter is from 0 to -5°C, in summer +20°C. South China and the islands are located in the tropical monsoon climate. Temperature in winter from +6 to +15°C, in summer +25°C. This part of the country is characterized by powerful typhoons.
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