Evgenia Kudrin's writing system. The story of a key economist in Putin's Russia. Leonid Parfenov, journalist and TV presenter

What is this book about?
Evgenia Pismennaya's book is history Russian authorities and the Russian economy, told on behalf of those people who created it: ministers, deputies, economists and entrepreneurs. This is a story about unknown party Putin's economic and political course, his unexpected alliance with liberals and the collapse of this strange alliance.

After reading the book, you will learn:
how the key ones were actually taken economic decisions in post-Soviet Russia: from liberal reforms to the default of the 1990s, from Putin’s first reforms to national projects and the Olympics in Sochi;
what's behind high-profile cases 2000s - the YUKOS case, Sergei Storchak, the sale of the Bank of Moscow;
what kind of people managed and continue to manage our economy;
who Alexey Kudrin really is - the chief economist of the Putin era. Why does he continue to have influence in the government, even after leaving it?
Who is this book for?
For those interested in history modern Russia, its political, economic and social structure.

Why we decided to publish this book
This is a unique journalistic investigation. We can say that this is a “first-person story”, coming from the lips of its characters and heroes themselves. This fascinating documentary novel about a journey through the labyrinths of Russian politics reveals a lot about how the Russian economy really works and why, in the two decades after the collapse of the USSR, Russia came to its current situation.

"Trick" of the book
The book is written on the basis of several dozen deep and honest interviews with Russian ministers, politicians, officials and entrepreneurs - primarily with Alexei Kudrin himself, German Gref, Anatoly Chubais, Alexander Voloshin, Igor Shuvalov, Tatyana Golikova and other key figures of our time. Thanks to these stories and the enormous research work the author managed to do something that no one had been able to do before: restore the true picture and identify the true mechanisms economic policy during the era of Yeltsin and Putin.

Reviews
The book about Alexei Kudrin introduces us to an interesting and extraordinary person. He is one of those who entered life in the era of changes that began in our country during the years of perestroika. These were different people, but they were united by the search for new ways to develop the country. Not everyone has survived the trials that reformers have to go through. I think Alexei achieved success because, in the words of the poet, he did not work for fame. This is a serious, convinced, energetic person with his own views on what the economy should be and financial system Russia. You can agree or disagree with these views, but he always defended them in honest debate, in the struggle of ideas. This was also evident when the rapidly changing situation required him to state his position on pressing issues of social and political development countries. Here he showed balance, adherence to principles, and the ability to defend his point of view. Alexei Kudrin certainly has a future. He can do a lot for Russia.
Mikhail Gorbachev, former president USSR

Twenty years ago, the “Gaidar team” identified for itself three main directions of radical economic reform: privatization, liberalization, macroeconomic stabilization. And if today the results achieved in the first two areas are more than ambiguous, then the macroeconomic situation in our country fully corresponds to the ideals of the reformers: a balanced budget, low inflation and unemployment, minimal government foreign currency debt.

Of course, there are objective reasons for this stability (the main one is the high price of oil). But also subjective - first of all, the competence of the people who headed the recent years financial authorities, - they didn’t play at all last role. Alexey Kudrin is one of these people, and perhaps the most important one. Therefore, the story about why he managed to stabilize Russian finances, what happened to him before working in the government, and why he left it certainly deserves attention.
Petr Aven, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alfa Bank Group

This is a book not only about Alexei Kudrin, a professional finance minister, but also about Russia’s economic policy in in a broad sense words. The book is written vividly and is replete with interesting details. I believe that it will be of interest to the widest audience.
Evgeniy Yasin, scientific director High school economy

There is a common belief that before the Yukos affair, Vladimir Putin was at least an economic liberal. The book about Kudrin explains how it happened, where it went
and why.
Leonid Parfenov, journalist and TV presenter

The book is for those who are interested in the history of modern Russia, its political, economic and social structure and are trying to figure out how it all began and where it might lead. The memories and stories of those who appear on the pages of this book, I am sure, will be much more important for attentive and interested readers than dry facts and official statistics.
Ruben Vardanyan, co-head of Sberbank CIB

Book by Evgenia Pismennaya talks about the hitherto unknown side of Russian economic policy and government reforms of two last decades. The story is told on behalf of ministers, deputies, economists and entrepreneurs, in a word, those people who created this story. Alexey Kudrin, German Gref, Anatoly Chubais, Igor Shuvalov, Tatyana Golikova, Alexander Voloshin, and other politicians and leaders gave dozens of honest and frank interviews for this book.

The author managed to restore the picture and reveal the true mechanisms of the economic policy of the Yeltsin and Putin era, and find out how fateful decisions for the country were actually made. Who came up with the stabilization fund and the Sochi Olympics? Where did the huge money accumulated during the oil boom go? How did the Yukos business begin? And who really is Alexei Kudrin, the chief economist of the Putin era, why does he continue to exercise influence in the government, even after leaving it?

For those interested in new Russian history, politics and economics.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright holders.

Legal support for the publishing house is provided by the Vegas-Lex law firm.

Preface

IN TWENTY YEARS, our country has experienced a devastating crisis, one of the largest economic disasters of the 20th century, and a period of rapid growth in which some industries recovered production while others appeared out of nowhere. Much of what happened, both good and bad, was not the result of a conspiracy or intelligent action. But in history there are important points and the people who get to make key decisions.

The story of Alexei Kudrin, written by Evgenia Pismennaya, like any other good biography, reveals not so much a person as the time and circumstances in which he lives. For such a book you need right choice hero. His path is from an employee scientific institute V Northern capital, who has just defended his Ph.D. thesis, to a key minister of Putin’s presidency - as if specially invented in order to tell the story of the Russian transition period. Even his resignation in the fall of 2011 - when the financial crisis had already ended and the political crisis had not yet begun - looks as if it was specially arranged so that the story would gain closure: from the last days of socialism to the moment when Russia's economic problems from the fight against the consequences of the collapse of the planned economy became commonplace problems of a developing country.

On every page you can ask yourself - what would you do in these circumstances? It’s like in a computer quest game, where at each fork you have the opportunity to choose from several options. What would you advise Sobchak, answer Putin, object to Medvedev? What reform did you prioritize, what compromise did you agree to? Only in reality, unlike computer game, the hero will not receive new life, if something goes wrong. An incorrectly drawn up budget will result in additional difficulties for millions of people; a concession on a fundamental issue will lead to the loss of public funds.

The young reader who does not remember a time when the main news was the results of government negotiations with the International monetary fund, learns about how difficult and how interesting it was to work, creating laws, institutions and instruments with his own hands, which were previously known only from books. An older reader who remembers well the difficulties of the 1990s will be interested to know that the most difficult tasks were posed to the hero precisely by the “fat years.” Then everyone - both supporters and opponents - noted the political courage, and at times almost frenzy, with which Kudrin defended a balanced budget. From the book it becomes clear why, but for this you need to carefully read it from the beginning, from the story about that same research institute and the first years in the mayor's office of St. Petersburg.

The story of politician Kudrin is not over - perhaps it has not yet begun. 52 years old, by political standards, is not old. Surely, he will still have biographers who will put his figure in the context of modern Russian history and will be compared with other Russian titans public finance– Kankrin, Witte, Sokolnikov. In Evgenia Pismennaya’s book about Alexei Kudrin there are practically no references to works on political science or historical parallels. This is more of a snapshot than an academic study. Reading this book is like reliving twenty years of Russian defeats and victories.

Current page: 1 (book has 16 pages total) [available reading passage: 3 pages]

Evgeniya Pismennaya
Kudrin system. The story of a key economist in Putin's Russia

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright holders.

Legal support for the publishing house is provided by the Vegas-Lex law firm.

© E. Pismennaya, 2013

© Publication. Decoration. Mann, Ivanov and Ferber LLC, 2013

Mikhail Gorbachev, former President of the USSR

The book about Alexei Kudrin introduces us to an interesting and extraordinary person. He is one of those who entered life in the era of changes that began in our country during the years of perestroika. These were different people, but they were united by the search for new ways to develop the country. Not everyone has survived the trials that reformers have to go through. I think Alexei achieved success because, in the words of the poet, he did not work for fame. This is a serious, convinced, energetic person with his own views on what the Russian economy and financial system should be. You can agree or disagree with these views, but he always defended them in honest debate, in the struggle of ideas. This was also evident when the rapidly changing situation required him to state his position on pressing issues of the country’s social and political development. Here he showed balance, adherence to principles, and the ability to defend his point of view. Alexei Kudrin certainly has a future. He can do a lot for Russia.

Evgeny Yasin, scientific director of the Higher School of Economics

Economic policy depends on the preferences of those people who are in power. This dependence is especially evident if the government large number money and many personal obligations. Such a policy is flawed because it prevents transformation and the creation of a balanced, integrated economic and social system capable of self-development. Policies should ensure property and individual rights and help citizens and businesses live normally.

Random decisions of specific people influence the guts of politics. First one decision, then a second and a third: so imperceptibly we move into a new life. You can read about such transformation and changes in the sense of economic transformations in the book by Evgenia Pismennaya. The author wrote not only about Alexei Kudrin, a professional finance minister, but also about Russia’s economic policy in the broad sense of the word. The book is written vividly and is replete with interesting details. I believe that it will be of interest to the widest audience.

Leonid Parfenov, journalist and TV presenter

There is a common belief that before the Yukos affair, Vladimir Putin was at least an economic liberal. The book about Kudrin explains how it happened, where it went and why.

Ruben Vardanyan, co-head of Sberbank CIB

“The Kudrin System” is a “portrait in the interior”, talentedly written by a curious and caring author, a professional journalist. On the one hand, the hero of the book is Alexey Kudrin, one of the main characters Russian economic policy of an entire era, on the other – the reality surrounding him. This book is about a person who knows how to see the future and made important decisions for the country taking into account long-term planning, which is very difficult in a situation when everyone around is playing “short”. About a man whose tenacity sometimes turns into stubbornness, but who, nevertheless, has strong principles. In a situation of kaleidoscopic changes, the vector of which is unknown, he has courage and knows how to remain himself, and this evokes great respect.

The book will be of interest to anyone who is interested in the history of modern Russia, its political, economic and social structure and is trying to figure out how it all began and where it might lead. The memories and stories of those who appear on the pages of this book, I am sure, will be much more important for attentive and interested readers than dry facts and official statistics.

Twenty years ago, “Gaidar’s team” identified three main (and quite obvious) directions for radical economic reform: privatization, liberalization, and macroeconomic stabilization. And if today the results achieved in the first two areas are more than ambiguous, then the macroeconomic situation in our country is fully consistent with the ideals of the reformers of the early 1990s. A balanced budget, low inflation and unemployment, virtually no public foreign currency debt - for more than ten years, Russia has remained an almost unique island of macroeconomic stability in the world.

Of course, there are objective reasons for this stability (the main one is the high price of oil). But also subjective ones - first of all, the competence of the people who headed the financial authorities in recent years - played an important role.

Alexey Kudrin is one of these people, and perhaps the most important one. Therefore, the story about why he managed to stabilize Russian finances, what happened to him before working in the government, and why he left it certainly deserves attention. Moreover, we still have almost no serious research on modern Russian history, few significant publications and memoirs of participants in the events of the last twenty years. Events that changed the course of Russian history. That is why the book brought to your attention by Evgenia Pismennaya (thoughtfully and well written) is so important.

Preface

IN TWENTY YEARS, our country has experienced a devastating crisis, one of the worst economic disasters of the 20th century, and a period of rapid growth in which some industries recovered production while others appeared out of nowhere. Much of what happened, both good and bad, was not the result of a conspiracy or intelligent action. But in history there are important moments and people who have to make key decisions.

The story of Alexei Kudrin, written by Evgenia Pismennaya, like any good biography, reveals not so much the person as the time and circumstances in which he lives. A book like this requires the right choice of hero. His path - from an employee of a scientific institute in the Northern capital, who has just defended his Ph.D. thesis, to a key minister of Putin's presidency - seems to have been specially invented in order to tell the story of the Russian transition period step by step. Even his resignation in the fall of 2011 - when the financial crisis had already ended and the political crisis had not yet begun - looks as if it was specially arranged so that the story would gain closure: from the last days of socialism to the moment when Russia's economic problems from the fight against the consequences of the collapse of the planned economy became commonplace problems of a developing country.

On every page you can ask yourself - what would you do in these circumstances? It’s like in a computer quest game, where at each fork you have the opportunity to choose from several options. What would you advise Sobchak, answer Putin, object to Medvedev? What reform did you prioritize, what compromise did you agree to? Only in reality, unlike a computer game, the hero will not get a new life if something goes wrong. An incorrectly drawn up budget will result in additional difficulties for millions of people; a concession on a fundamental issue will lead to the loss of public funds.

The young reader, who does not remember a time when the main news was the results of the government's negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, will learn how difficult and how interesting it was to work, creating laws, institutions and instruments with his own hands, which were previously known only from books . An older reader who remembers well the difficulties of the 1990s will be interested to know that the most difficult tasks were set for the hero precisely by the “fat years.” Then everyone - both supporters and opponents - noted the political courage, and at times almost frenzy, with which Kudrin defended a balanced budget. From the book it becomes clear why, but for this you need to carefully read it from the beginning, from the story about that same research institute and the first years in the mayor's office of St. Petersburg.

The story of politician Kudrin is not over - perhaps it has not yet begun. 52 years old, by political standards, is not old. Surely, he will still have biographers who will put his figure in the context of modern Russian history and compare him with other titans of Russian public finance - Kankrin, Witte, Sokolnikov. In Evgenia Pismennaya’s book about Alexei Kudrin there are practically no references to works on political science or historical parallels. This is more of a snapshot than an academic study. Reading this book is like reliving twenty years of Russian defeats and victories.

Konstantin Sonin,

Professor, Vice-Rector of the Russian Economic School

Introduction

THE BOOK YOU ARE HOLDING IN YOUR HANDS was born out of curiosity. Curiosity about how and why economic policy in Russia over the last 15 years turned out the way it did, who actually made the key decisions in the economy, how the main reforms of the 2000s were conceived - and why these reforms turned out to be unnecessary for the authorities.

“Will you write a book about Kudrin?” At first I was surprised, and then delighted at this call. I am a journalist, all professional life I write in newspapers and magazines about the economic policy of the Russian government, and ask dozens of questions every day. My life is a factory of facts and news. But all these facts and news are made up of decisions, and people make them. And if there is a chance to find out how it was, you need to find out.

Why Kudrin? The choice of the main character for a book about Russian reforms and the Russian economy was logical and even inevitable. Alexey Kudrin has been a key player in domestic economic policy for more than ten years. His life is inextricably linked with the Russian economy, with Vladimir Putin and his politics. Whether Kudrin wants it or not, he will always be considered the key economist of the Putin era, no matter how long it lasts. It so happened that it was Alexey Kudrin who had a decisive influence on many reforms and changes Russian life the last 10–15 years.

It is from Kudrin’s story that one can learn a lot about the other side of our everyday economic life: how is it that we pay exactly these taxes and receive exactly these salaries, work in certain industries and keep money in such and such banks, and also who is responsible for this influenced and why everything turned out this way. And always we're talking about not just about bare numbers and percentages. Economics is a struggle human destinies, bargaining and complete surprises.

Could the Marxist Alexei Leonidovich Kudrin imagine that he would take part in the most radical liberal reforms and will become one of the main liberals in Russian government? Could military signalman Major Leonid Aleksandrovich Kudrin have imagined why his son would be fired? Alexei Kudrin, who spent his entire childhood in military camps and dreamed of becoming a pilot, was dismissed because he categorically did not want to agree with the increase in defense spending, which President Dmitry Medvedev insisted on. Kudrin believed that inflating defense spending would hinder the development of the entire economy, and Medvedev believed that this would restore state power.

And isn’t it surprising that the liberal-minded, soft-spoken, quiet Kudrin became one of the main advisers to the retired KGB officer Putin, who came to power with the promise of “getting wet in the toilet” and largely fulfilled these promises? And he not only became, but also provided very strong influence on Putin’s policies, and thanks to his support, he implemented many unpopular and unobvious decisions. Kudrin managed to do a lot thanks to Putin, and Putin himself achieved a lot thanks to Kudrin.

But at the same time, Putin did not support many of Kudrin’s liberal, market, reformist initiatives. The further we went, the more such reforms and initiatives became available. And what’s surprising is that Alexei Kudrin spent so long, despite the tightening political regime, despite the exodus of liberal-minded people from power, remained one of the main players in economic policy and kept the country from reckless decisions.

Chapter 1
From Marxists to Liberals

The beginning of the career of Alexei Kudrin. – Meeting between Kudrin and Chubais. – Liberal economists make Leningrad free economic zone and carry out market reforms. – Putin is recruiting his first team. - Overthrow of the State Emergency Committee. – Chubais’ team is moving to Moscow. – Kudrin becomes the main financier of St. Petersburg.

1983 – Tatyana Zaslavskaya’s report on the need for reforms of the Soviet system

1985 – Gaidar and other liberal economists propose reforms to the USSR along the Hungarian model

1989 – elections to the Leningrad City Council and the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR

1990 – Kudrin and Chubais begin working in the Leningrad City Executive Committee

1991, June - Leningrad becomes a free enterprise zone. Foreign investors arrive, joint ventures are registered

1991, July - a committee for external relations of the St. Petersburg mayor's office is created, headed by Vladimir Putin

1992 – price liberalization and hyperinflation

“Now it seems funny, but already in the eighth grade I decided: I want to understand the laws of social development and understand what needs to be done to improve the development of society. When choosing a profession, I thought: either philosophy or economics. I decided that economics is closer to practice. While studying at the Faculty of Economics of Leningrad State University, I was impressed by Marx’s “Capital”. He seemed to make a lot of things clear. At this time he considered himself a “Marxist”. Only in my 4th year did I begin to doubt socialism, but not yet completely. I specifically chose the topic of my diploma, “Workers’ Participation in Management,” because I was looking for effective management mechanisms under socialism.

Then for two years he plunged into the informal environment of sociologists at the Institute of Economics and Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. And during the period of perestroika, he studied for three years in graduate school at the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he already realized the need for a transition to market mechanisms in the economy. Only in the Chubais-Gaidar group did a final understanding of the need for a radical restructuring of the entire economy emerge.

It was a little scary to go to the St. Petersburg City Hall. All because of doubts: suddenly it won’t work out. But real work seemed like a more important activity then. At that moment I didn’t worry about leaving science. I thought that I would be back after some time.”

From an interview with Alexey Kudrin

ALTHOUGH it’s a stone’s throw from the VLADIMIRSKAYA METRO to house 27 on Marata Street, it seemed to Alexei Kudrin that he was walking for a very long time. It was necessary to be in time for the end of the lecture at the Engineering and Economic Institute. A meeting with Anatoly Chubais was scheduled there.

It was February 1989. Kudrin was not yet familiar with Chubais. Although I heard that it is not easy good economist, and, one might say, an advanced economist. By that time, Chubais had become the leader of an informal circle of democratically minded economists in Leningrad.

Kudrin knew that Chubais collaborated with Yegor Gaidar. Kudrin attended Gaidar’s lectures in Moscow more than once and was impressed. Gaidar and Chubais prepared documents for the Politburo commission on improving management national economy and proposed to carry out moderate reforms in the USSR according to the Hungarian model. The Politburo rejected the proposals, but the reputation of young scientists in the eyes of the economic community grew.

There were still ten minutes left before the end of the lecture. Kudrin stood at the window and doubted: “What if he refuses.” The bell rang and students filed out of the classroom. Kudrin was waiting. Seeing a lanky red-haired man at the door, Kudrin approached him and extended his hand:

– Anatoly Borisovich, hello.

- Hello.

– My name is Alexey Kudrin, I invite you to become the director of our institute.

Chubais smiled. Sergei Vasiliev from FINEK had already managed to warn him that Kudrin from the Institute of Socio-Economic Problems would come and propose that he be nominated for the election of director of the institute. Actually, Kudrin first suggested this to Vasiliev himself, and he replied: “I know the candidate better.” "Whom?" – asked Kudrin. "Chubais".

Let's choose our director

When in 1987, Alexei Kudrin, having defended his dissertation, returned from Moscow to his native Institute of Socio-Economic Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences (ISEP), he seemed behind the times. Democracy was seething around, and ISEP lived quietly and calmly. Economic research topics often reeked of Soviet mothballs. Kudrin got bored.

Somehow, the time for the next election of the director of the institute imperceptibly approached: the previous one was retiring for a well-deserved retirement. The administration of the institute prepared for the elections in advance and nominated a proven representative of the old nomenklatura, an honored scientist, as a new candidate.

“Let’s elect our director,” said Kudrin.

Anna Temkina, then secretary Komsomol organization Institute (and now a professor at the European University in St. Petersburg), stared in surprise at her colleague.

- What do you mean yours?

- Well, yours. A progressive young economist.

- What are you doing? This is impossible.

- Why is it impossible? Anything can happen. Shall we try?

And Temkina and Irina Karelina (now general director of the Leontief Center) agreed:

- Let's try.

The news that the young people were going to nominate an alternative candidacy for director shocked the entire institute. That's all the young people discussed. The old doctors of science were surprised, but did not take the news seriously. “What nonsense! What kind of children's games are they?" – one of them was annoyed.

The head of the sector called Kudrin for a conversation. It was the first time Alexei had seen him in a rage; the boss had never spoken in a raised voice before.

- Boy! What did you cheat? Stop it! – the sector manager fell silent, loosened his tie and sat down at the table. Kudrin watched silently. – Just think about how I will explain myself to the director for you?!

He did not understand that Kudrin no longer cared who and how would explain himself up there.

Aircraft carrier

Chubais agreed, although he understood that he had little chance of becoming a director: he was too young, had no doctorate, and had a reputation as a freethinker. Chubais was the informal leader of young economists who dreamed of change and were critical of the current government. Among them were people of different views: Yegor Gaidar, Sergei Ignatiev, Pyotr Aven, Sergei Glazyev, Boris Lvin, Vitaly Naishul, Andrei Illarionov, Sergei Vasiliev. Then Gaidar will become driving force market reforms, Ignatiev - the conservative head of the Central Bank, Aven - the largest banker, and Glazyev - a supporter of state socialism, Lvin - a consultant to international financial organizations, Naishul is a liberal theorist, Illarionov is a radical denouncer of power, and Vasiliev is one of the leaders of a state corporation. But then these young people were “stewed in the same pot”; they all longed to immerse themselves in an atmosphere of change.

Chubais understood: if he manages to get a whole academic institute, under its cover it will be possible to concentrate “partisan” forces. Economists-reformers would have everything: budget financing, conference rooms, periodicals, the opportunity to publish your books. The game was worth the candle.

Young scientists included Anatoly Chubais, Yegor Gaidar, Sergei Vasiliev, Alexander Shokhin and Boris Rakitsky among the candidates. But all the candidates refused in favor of Chubais: some did not want to leave Moscow, others sincerely considered Chubais’ candidacy better. Kudrin really wanted Chubais to win the elections, so he decided to enlist the support of academician Abel Aganbegyan, at that time the secretary of the economics department of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The support of such a person seriously increased the chances of success.

– I agree with the diagnosis regarding the state of your institute. What suggestions do you have? – Aganbegyan looked sternly at Kudrin, Temkina and Karelina.

– We have Chubais.

- Take it. What you told me is interesting.

Aganbegyan did not talk to Chubais for very long and said:

– I liked you, I will promote you. But in general, everything is decided by the CPSU Central Committee.

Sector economic sciences The ideological department of the CPSU Central Committee was then headed by Oleg Ozherelev. He knew Kudrin because he had previously been a dean Faculty of Economics LSU, and agreed to accept. So Kudrin, for the first time in his life, came to Old Square. He had never seen so many phones on one table. “Why are there so many of them?” - he thought, sitting opposite Ozherelyev.

“Only a candidate of science, but from engineering and economics,” Ozherelyev reasoned. “As a candidate, not very good.” Kudrin was upset. Left.

But the institute itself understood: Chubais is a serious candidate, he has a chance of winning. He gave a lecture at ISEP. There were a lot of listeners full hall. Not only young economists, but also sociologists and mathematicians were ready to give their votes to the newcomer. The first round was held, Chubais advanced to the second.

But the retrogrades took up defensive positions and simply canceled the second round: they say that before the elections it is necessary to reorganize the institute, separating mathematicians and sociologists into separate structures. The results of the primary elections were immediately overturned, and the elections themselves were postponed for a year.

“Don’t worry, we’ll break through,” Chubais reassured Kudrina. Kudrin fell into silence. By getting involved in the elections, he took more risks than Chubais: if he lost, he would be in trouble, he could lose his job at ISEP. But Chubais guessed Kudrin’s character: he takes a long time to make a decision, but if he makes it, he will go to the end, and he will no longer be led astray. It will go on for a year, five, twenty, and will not turn anywhere. And it doesn’t matter whether this decision is beneficial for Kudrin or not. It is correct. Then Chubais came up with an image for Kudrin: “A slow, unhurried, sluggish, thoughtful, vague aircraft carrier.”

Mikhail Gorbachev, former President of the USSR

Evgeny Yasin, scientific director of the Higher School of Economics

Economic policy depends on the preferences of those people who are in power. This dependence is especially evident if the government has a large amount of money and many personal obligations. Such a policy is flawed, because it interferes with transformation and the creation of a balanced, integrated economic and social system capable of self-development. Policies should ensure property and individual rights and help citizens and businesses live normally.

Leonid Parfenov, journalist and TV presenter

There is a common belief that before the Yukos affair, Vladimir Putin was at least an economic liberal. The book about Kudrin explains how it happened, where it went and why.

Ruben Vardanyan, co-head of Sberbank CIB

“The Kudrin System” is a “portrait in the interior”, talentedly written by a curious and caring author, a professional journalist. On the one hand, the hero of the book is Alexei Kudrin, one of the main characters in Russian economic policy of an entire era, and on the other hand, the reality surrounding him. This book is about a person who knows how to see the future and made important decisions for the country taking into account long-term planning, which is very difficult in a situation when everyone around is playing “short”. About a man whose tenacity sometimes turns into stubbornness, but who, nevertheless, has strong principles. In a situation of kaleidoscopic changes, the vector of which is unknown, he has courage and knows how to remain himself, and this evokes great respect.

Petr Aven, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alfa Bank Group

Of course, there are objective reasons for this stability (the main one is the high price of oil). But subjective ones - first of all, the competence of the people who headed the financial authorities in recent years - played an important role.

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Evgenia Kudrin's writing system. The story of a key economist in Putin's Russia. Leonid Parfenov, journalist and TV presenter

Preface

Evgeniya Pismennaya Kudrin system. The story of a key economist in Putin's Russia

Mikhail Gorbachev, former President of the USSR

Evgeny Yasin, scientific director of the Higher School of Economics

Leonid Parfenov, journalist and TV presenter

Ruben Vardanyan, co-head of Sberbank CIB

Preface

Introduction

Chapter 1 From Marxists to Liberals

Let's choose our director

Aircraft carrier

Evgeniya Pismennaya
Kudrin system. The story of a key economist in Putin's Russia

Chapter 1
From Marxists to Liberals