How to teach a child to pronounce sounds at home? Exercises for training complex sounds. How to help your child pronounce the letter “R”

How to teach a child to say letters

How to teach a child to say letters without “swallowing” and to pronounce the letters R and L correctly? If it is difficult for your child to pronounce R or L, then a special a set of exercises to strengthen the muscles of the tongue, exercises for the correct pronunciation of letters in syllables and syllables , and also - useful children's tongue twisters to improve diction will help solve this problem.

One of the most common problems that parents of a preschooler face is how to teach their child to pronounce letters correctly. . Usually children don’t succeed for a very long time correctly pronounce the tricky letters R and L. And in this article we will teach you step by step conduct classes with the baby to improve diction and correct pronunciation of letters. After you carefully familiarize yourself with the methods that will help you teach your child to pronounce the letters r and l, help from a children's speech therapist The child may not need it at all.

The “difficult” letter P remains intractable for most children takes longer to master than all other letters . As a rule, problems with the correct pronunciation of the letter P appear at a time when The baby's speech is just beginning to develop , at the stage of basic formation. You can't waste this time and put it off teaching the correct pronunciation of letters on the back burner so that the child develops the skills to express his thoughts well delivered speech and so that the burr does not take hold.

Teaching a baby Pronounce the letters R and L correctly, it is important to organize classes correctly: Do not overtire the child, study with him no more than 15 minutes daily;
Teaching the skills of correct pronunciation of letters should be organized in a playful way ;
The tone in the process of teaching a child should not be intrusive and must be friendly.

So, with the help of the 6 steps below, you can teach your child to pronounce the letter r correctly:

STEP ONE

Preparation for classes: facial massage

Before teaching your child to say letters correctly Let's give him a massage to warm up his facial muscles. The baby is facing you, his eyes are directly opposite yours.
Let's do massage and voice all the actions: Slowly and gently stroke the superciliary area of the baby’s forehead with warm fingertips and say: “This is how much we love ourselves, this is how reverently we cherish ourselves...” Then We begin to gently massage the wings of the nose and move our fingers in the direction of the maxillary sinuses, while saying: “Oh, what a nice little nose we have, what a cute snub nose we have...” After this, using massaging movements, smooth the baby’s skin around the cheekbones, lips, cheeks and up to the ears, and then in reverse side. At the same time say: “Sponges, our lips, break into a smile! Our mouth is a mouth, it is not silent at all! Our ears are our ears, you are always on top!”

STEP TWO

Warm-up exercises

We have already given the baby a warming massage for the facial muscles. Let's start with the first exercises.

The child is still facing you, his posture is straight and his eyes are at the level of yours.

These exercises will help strengthen your muscles the baby's tongue and will contribute to the development of forced vibration of the very tip of the tongue.

Ask your baby to alternately reach the lower teeth with the tip of his tongue. , then the upper ones (30-40 times).

Then the baby sharply slaps his tongue across the area of the palate, where the upper row of teeth is located. , while pronouncing the letter D. Be sure to demonstrate all actions so that the baby performed the exercises accurately.

Next. Ask your baby to stick out his tongue a little while keeping his lips closed. The child strongly pushes air out of his mouth, and by inertia the tip of the tongue should vibrate. In subsequent exercises, the baby will independently learn to reproduce this sound without pushing air out of his mouth.

STEP THREE

Basic exercises to improve tongue mobility and strengthen the skills of correctly pronouncing the letter r

* Now let’s bring more game elements into training . Ask the child to show his tongue - let him relax it a little and wag it with a sound coming out between his teeth, as if teasing. Then arrange a competition with your baby to see which of you can stick out his tongue further.

* An excellent activity that will help your baby quickly learn to pronounce the letter P is to imitate the clatter of horse hooves, characteristically clicking your tongue. Teach your child to click his tongue and ask him to repeat these sounds fifteen times.

* How to learn to pronounce the letter r game form proven method? Great exercise - the baby moves his thumb in different directions , placing it under your tongue. At the same time, the child tries to pronounce the letter P (growl like a running car engine).

*Another good one exercise, using which in a playful way You can master the correct pronunciation of the letter P and strengthen the muscles of the tongue. Ask your baby to show a smile by spreading his lips wider and using the tip of his tongue“clean” your teeth first from the outside and then from the inside . It is advisable to repeat the exercise 20-25 times. The lower jaw should not move.

STEP FOUR

How to teach a child to pronounce all letters, including R? We continue to strengthen the muscles of the tongue and develop its mobility.

- Ask your child to open his mouth wider and show his teeth . Located on the molars sides tongue, and the tip- on the surface of the front teeth. Ask your child to make the tongue “strong” for ten seconds, and then relax for a while. Repeat the exercise with your baby (6-7 times).

This exercise to strengthen the tongue muscles will be a little more difficult for the baby. But having mastered it, the child will quickly learn to pronounce the letters r and l correctly.
The exercise is as follows - the baby seems to “suck” the surface of the tongue to the palate, and then “tears” it away from the palate with a characteristic click. We do this exercise ten times at a slow pace, then speed up and slow down again (a total of 30-35 repetitions at different paces).

Now ask the child to slightly open his lips and lightly bite the tip of the tongue (15-20 repetitions)

The final exercise to strengthen the muscles of the tongue - the baby blows air with force, while the tongue is between the lips. It is advisable to ensure that the tongue vibrates.

STEP FIVE

And now we move on from “physical education” exercises for the language to mastering the skills of correctly pronouncing the letter P in different syllables and short combinations.

First, rehearse with your child the skill of correctly pronouncing R in open syllable- ro, ra.
Then try pronouncing R with hard consonants - dr, tr.
When your child consolidates these skills, move on to learning to pronounce words correctly (short, known to the child) with these syllables. These exercises are good hone the technique of correct speech and help teach the child to pronounce the letter r.

STEP SIX

Children's tongue twisters for the development of speech and diction in a child.

If your child already knows how to pronounce the letter P quite well, but sometimes (during a conversation) he “chews” it or pronounces it incorrectly, then it’s time to introduce your child to tongue twisters.

Popular tongue twisters are great for eliminating speech impediments , relieve the child from tongue-tiedness, contribute to the development of skills in correct pronunciation of letters and words and are considered the most effective method“honing” the articulation of different sounds.

If your baby can already memorize short nursery rhymes , then you can start getting to know tongue twisters . But you need to learn tongue twisters by heart step by step - first the baby repeats the tongue twister (following you) very slowly. In this case, the child must understand the meaning of the text being memorized. We gradually increase the pace of pronouncing the tongue twister, but you must correct articulation and diction. Below you will find the most suitable tongue twisters , with the help of which you can teach your child to pronounce letters, including the “complex” letter P:

Children's tongue twisters to improve diction, correct pronunciation of the letter P and speech development

5 EXERCISES WITH WHICH YOUR BABY WILL LEARN TO PRONUNCIATE THE LETTER L

Before you teach your child to say letters, do not forget that A preschooler learns material more easily in a playful form of learning. Sometimes the baby does not pronounce the letter L correctly for quite a long time. There are effective exercises to solve this problem. The method is in many ways similar to practicing the skills of correct pronunciation of the letter P

It is advisable to perform each exercise for ten seconds 5-7 times. The whole complex - 3 times from start to finish step by step. (daily 2 times)

Exercise 1

We practice the skill of lifting the tongue up and strengthen the muscles of the tongue.
Ask your child to show you his teeth with a wide smile. The child's tongue touches the palate and clicks, like a horse hooves on the asphalt.

Exercise 2

We “sharpen” the baby’s skill of making his tongue wide, developing the ability to quickly tense and relax the muscles of the tongue.
Ask the child to open his mouth a little and stick his tongue out far, and then place it on the lower lip with a wide edge. Ask your baby to hold his tongue in this position for 5 seconds.

Exercise 3

Now we teach the child to exhale air in thin streams along the edges of the tongue.
Opening his mouth slightly, the child lightly bites the tip of his tongue with his front teeth and begins to blow, increasing the pace and strength. Control the strength and direction of the air stream with with the help of the lung feather (don't forget about game element in teaching a small child)

Exercise 4

We practice the baby’s skill of quickly changing the position of the tongue. This exercise is necessary to strengthen the muscles of the tongue so that the baby can easily and quickly connect the letter L with different vowels - U, A, O, Y

the child opens his mouth slightly, presses the tip of his tongue firmly against the base of the upper teeth from the inside, and then quickly changes the position of the tongue, resting its tip against the base of the lower teeth. At first the exercise is performed slowly, then we speed up the pace.

Exercise 5

Now we move on to learning the correct pronunciation of the letter L in words and syllables. Words and syllables ( lu-lu-lu-lu, la-la-la-la, lo-lo-lo-lo, la-lo-lu-la-lo-lu) even it's better to sing do not pronounce.
After this, open a children's book with pictures, the objects in which contain the letter in their title L in different combinations with other letters. Let the child try to tell something about each object so that its name appears in every sentence.

Now you know how to correctly and quickly teach your child to pronounce “difficult” letters , including the letters R and L. Let us highlight 3 key points that form the foundation for developing a child’s pronunciation skills of different letters: exercises to strengthen the muscles of the tongue and its mobility, teaching the child correct pronunciation of a particular letter in different syllables, memorizing tongue twisters and repeating them frequently (slow-fast). If something doesn’t work out for your child, don’t move on to the next one. stage of learning, and Continue practicing the skills in the exercises you left off on.

Most children speak correctly by the age of 5-7 years. However, there are times when children come to school with not yet clear speech. Usually children distort hissing sounds and the sound “r”. Pronunciation deficiencies sometimes become persistent and difficult to correct. Therefore, monitor your children’s speech from the very beginning. early childhood, do not allow your child to go to school with incorrect pronunciation. This is especially important, since pronunciation deficiencies are sometimes the reason for children’s academic failure.

Often, pronunciation deficiencies appear as a result of improper upbringing. In some families, adults babble and lisp when talking to the baby. By doing this, they reinforce the child’s incorrect pronunciation.

Always speak to your child calmly, in clear, competent language. Monitor your children’s speech and promptly stop any noticeable pronunciation deficiencies, since correcting them later, when they take root, will be much more difficult. Special attention Speech development should be given attention in preschool age, when the process is underway most intensely, and speech is very flexible and pliable.

Some parents think that colloquial speech develops independently, without the help of adults. This is not true at all. Non-interference in the process of child speech formation sometimes leads to delays general development. Use all kinds of nursery rhymes, songs, and jokes to teach your child how to pronounce sounds correctly. Great influence The development of speech in children is influenced by the example of older children. But simple imitation of correct speech is not enough for all children, and children still often pronounce individual sounds incorrectly. Pay special attention to such guys.

Children with pronunciation deficiencies are embarrassed to speak, avoid words with sounds that are difficult for them, become irritable and are reluctant to go to school. The children develop a feeling of inferiority, fear of “corrections” and ridicule. Therefore, create in the family the right attitude towards a child who has speech impediments, do not allow them to laugh at him or imitate him. Help calmly, without hesitation, overcome shortcomings, let the child feel and realize the importance of correct pronunciation and the need to eliminate burr or lisp, get him interested in this work.

If a child pronounces some sounds incorrectly by the age of 5-6, contact a speech therapist who will help correct the pronunciation. If this is not possible, work with the child yourself.

There are a lot of techniques for establishing correct pronunciation. Let's list some of them.

In all cases of correcting pronunciation, first try to obtain the sound directly by imitation. Invite your child to say the sound, showing it to himself first. Then get your child to repeat everything after you. Conduct sound production classes in front of a mirror: the child will not only see his articulation, but also compare it with yours.

Keep in mind that it is not always possible to get the right sound in the first lessons. This work requires patience and great perseverance. When pronouncing the sound “sh,” the lips are rounded and slightly pushed forward, the teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is raised up and forms a gap with the palate in the front part. The sound is pronounced without a voice. The exhaled air stream is warm.

If the child does not burr, then you can easily teach him to pronounce the sound “sh”. Invite your child to pronounce “r” first loudly, then in a whisper, while slightly moving the tongue with a spatula (or the handle of a spoon) from the alveoli to the front of the palate - you will get the sound “sh”.

The sound “zh” is placed in the same way. Only it is pronounced with the participation of the voice, which is easy to feel by placing your hand on the larynx.

The sound "r" is placed as follows: Invite your child to pronounce the sound “d” slowly at first, and then faster. At the moment you say “dddddddd...” place it under your tongue. index finger child and quickly move it to the right and left. This produces vibration at the tip of the tongue and the correct sound of “r”.

When pronouncing the sound “s”, the lips are slightly stretched, as with a slight smile, the teeth are slightly open (1-1-1.5 mm) and slightly exposed, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth; A groove is formed in the middle of the tongue through which exhaled air flows. When pronouncing the sound “s”, the exhaled stream of air is cold. This can be easily checked by placing the back of your hand towards your mouth.

The sound “z” is pronounced in the same way as “s”, only with the participation of the voice. (Compare “sh” and “zh.”) The vibration of the larynx can be easily felt by placing your hand on it.

Before you start making the “l” sound, teach your child to pronounce the “s” sound clearly and abruptly. First, get him to quickly stick his wide tongue out between his lips and move it back. Do this exercise many times. This produces the sounds “bl-bl-bl-bl-bl...”. Then move on to the next technique - stick your wide tongue between your teeth, lightly biting the tip of your tongue and “llllllll...y”, “llllllll...s”. This is how the correct pronunciation of “l” is gradually developed.

After you have achieved the correct pronunciation of a sound, consolidate this sound in your speech. For example, when reinforcing the sound “sh”, invite the child to pronounce “sh-sh-sh-sh” for a long time and clearly, imitating a steam locomotive; the sound “zh” is fixed when imitating the buzzing of a bee “zh-zh-zh-zh”, the sound “r” when imitating the roar of a motor “r-r-r”. Then proceed to pronouncing direct (“sha”, “sho”, “shu”, “shy”, “ra”, “ro”, “ru”, “ry”) and reverse ones; (“ash”, “osh”, “ush”, “ysh”, “ar”, “or”, “ur”, “yr”) syllables. Select a number of words, sentences, poems for exercises in which the sound being reinforced is often found and, on the contrary, there is no one that the child does not yet have.

For example, to reinforce the sound “sh”, learn the following poem:

“Dear bear,
Nice bear,
Clumsy and funny -
The bear is made entirely of plush,
Stuffed with lush cotton wool.”

To reinforce the sound “r”:

Early, early we get up
We call the watchman loudly:
"Watchman, watchman, hurry up
Go out and feed the animals."

To reinforce the sound “s”:

“It’s dark in the forest, everyone has been sleeping for a long time.
One owl doesn’t sleep, it sits on a branch.”

Very often, children experience difficulties not only in pronouncing sounds, but also in distinguishing and recognizing them. This will subsequently make it more difficult for children to learn to read and write. Therefore, with the older guys preschool age(6-7 years old) do various exercises. When the child learns to correctly pronounce, for example, the sound “s,” ask him to select pictures depicting objects whose names contain this sound (sleigh, dog, beads, mustache, nose, etc.), and pronounce the names of the pictures. Then instruct him to come up with words with this sound himself. Such exercises will help consolidate the sound in speech.

It largely depends on the parents to ensure that a 7-year-old child comes to school with completely clear pronunciation. Endurance and patience, long, painstaking work will bear fruit - children with pure correct speech will develop correctly and successfully master knowledge.

- N. Cheveleva, speech therapist

Quite often, parents complain that children encounter problems pronouncing sounds that are difficult for them. As a rule, the greatest difficulty for them is hissing sounds; in particular, parents’ questions are related to how to teach a child to correctly pronounce the letters “s”, “k” and others. You need to pay attention to developing this skill in childhood.

The sound C is problematic in pronunciation

Despite the fact that most parents seek speech therapy help most often when the child is already 5 years old, most pediatricians agree that work on sound pronunciation should begin much earlier.

This will prevent the incorrect pronunciation of the sound from taking hold. To carry out such activities it is not at all necessary to have special skills - it is enough to learn only a few simple techniques.

Tips for pronouncing the C sound

How to properly conduct speech therapy sessions with a child? Tips and tricks for parents

How to teach a child to say hissing words, including the letter s? Render simple speech therapy assistance Any parent can do this for a child. However, the success of the events will largely depend on how correctly they are carried out.

If the child does not have complex speech disorders and can pronounce most sounds at home correctional classes with a parent will be quite enough to bring sound pronunciation back to normal. In this case, correct sound production will be achieved through automation of pronunciation.

Speech therapy classes we need to start sooner

Exercises to develop sound pronunciation skills are useful not only for children who have certain speech problems, but also for completely healthy ones, due to the fact that they perfectly develop the articulatory apparatus, making it more mobile and flexible.

In the event that a child has more serious problems with sound pronunciation, but in speech he admits large number grammatical errors, solve the problem on our own still quite risky. And the sooner parents turn to a speech therapist for help in solving a problem, the more benefits it will bring to the child. And the easier it will be to teach him how to pronounce sounds and speak correctly.

How is work on sound pronunciation organized?

First you need to find out which organs of speech are involved in the pronunciation of sounds, causing problems at the child. You will need to work on them first of all with the help of articulatory gymnastics for one or another letter.
Stage of direct sound production.
The stage of sound amplification and its learning in special speech therapy poems, texts, songs, etc.

Phonetic exercises for the sound C

Let's take a closer look at how to teach a child to pronounce the letter s easily and fluently.

Articulation gymnastics and its features

As a rule, difficulties in pronouncing the sound “s” are associated with insufficient mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. This must be done with the help of specially organized gymnastics. What is the best way to conduct classes?

Articulation exercise in front of a mirror

A strict sequence of exercises and regularity are the main principles that ensure the effectiveness of exercises for the speech organs. It is best to use ready-made sets of exercises that teach you to pronounce certain sounds. They are selected taking into account the age and other characteristics of the child.
In order for the child to participate more willingly in the lesson, it is best to teach him to speak in a playful way, supplementing him with riddles that are interesting to him. the desired letter, songs, nursery rhymes and jokes
Do not overload your child with exercises. It is better to do no more than 2-3 in one lesson, but with multiple repetitions - this makes it easier to teach the child new things.
New exercises starting with the letter “c” can only be introduced after the child has already thoroughly mastered all the previous ones and copes with them without much effort.
In order for the child to have the opportunity to see and correctly understand the technique of the exercises proposed to him and pronounce sounds, it is best to use a mirror for practice.
When performing exercises, it is important to monitor the symmetry of the child’s face, the accuracy and smoothness of movements, and the correct pace. Without this, the effectiveness of the exercises will be minimized.

Lessons on pronunciation of the sound C

Helpful advice: Before you begin articulatory gymnastics, you need to do several exercises in order to “warm up” the speech organs: a simple smile, stretching the lips in a tube or ring, lifting the tongue will prepare them well for the exercises and will improve the results of your student.

After this, you can begin the articulation gymnastics itself (in in this case we will consider the complex of Fomicheva M.V.). Such exercises should teach the child correct sound pronunciation.

List of exercises for whistling sounds

"Put the ball into the goal"

The exercise teaches the child to direct a stream of air and pronounce hissing sounds. An improvised “gate” made of cubes is installed on the table. The child’s task is to push a cotton ball (“ball”) into them, stretching his lips forward and directing a stream of air at it. It is important that the child does not puff out his cheeks, and that the action is performed in one step.

The exercise allows you to relax your tongue and also form a directed air flow. The child puts his tongue on his lower lip and, keeping his mouth slightly open, says “five-five-five.” It is important that the lip on which the tongue rests does not tuck, and that the air stream flows as smoothly as possible, without interruptions.

Naughty tongue - game description

Wide tongue

The wide edge of the tongue is placed on the lower lip and held in this position for up to 5-10 seconds. The organs of the articulatory apparatus should be as relaxed as possible, and the smile should be free of tension.

Advice for parents: Be patient and try to treat these activities as fun games.

Remember that your baby is improving, this is something new for him, something he is doing for the first time in his life. Try to understand that for him this involves serious effort, and the more interesting this activity is for him, the greater your chances of a quick result.

Poems and riddles starting with the letter C for repetition

Articulatory gymnastics exercises that teach how to pronounce sounds are quite complex and unusual for a child. That is why you should not expect him to complete them the first time and completely without errors. In order to teach a child to speak correctly, you need to think through a lesson-game plan. And in case of failure, you should not scold him - it is better to support him and offer to try again. Over time, the child will learn both the letter and its corresponding sound.

How to teach a child to correctly speak the sound s and other whistling sounds: articulation gymnastics, staging the sound s, video - demonstration of simple and available ways productions of sound with, songs with sound with.

Many children mistakenly pronounce the sound S, which is difficult for them, and other whistling sounds (s. z, z, z). They may skip this sound or replace it with other sounds.
In normal speech development, by the age of five, children correctly pronounce all the sounds of their native language. a (with the possible exception of the sound p, which may appear a little later - at 5.5 years). But now rarely do any children reach this norm. What is the reason?
1. Previously, in every kindergarten from the age of three until graduation from kindergarten, articulation gymnastics was regularly carried out with all children before breakfast, and in the evening - individual exercises with children who have difficulty pronouncing sounds. And this was not done by a speech therapist, but by an ordinary trained teacher! And these were not isolated complexes, exercises and games, but a strictly substantiated system for teaching speech and pronunciation of sounds. Because without a system, problems cannot be solved. Now this is history, and rarely can you find such a clearly and consistently built system of work for a teacher in sound pronunciation with children. This is probably why modern children have more problems with speech.
2. Nowadays, parents pay much less attention to their children’s speech. Often the child is only required to show something: “Where is Saturn? Where is Jupiter? Where is the Hermitage?”, and not the ability to express YOUR thoughts, YOUR feelings. Very often I hear: “Who cares what he says. The main thing is that you can understand him, that’s all!” But speech is a means of self-expression, communication, and knowledge. And the success of all types of human activity depends on its development.

The child pronounces the sound s and other whistling sounds incorrectly. What to do?

How to help a child if he pronounces the sound s and other whistling sounds incorrectly? Can parents help their baby?
As is correct, parents wait until the age of 5 and then take the child to a speech therapist. Although sometimes one push is enough to evoke the correct sound in the child and help consolidate it in speech without waiting until the age of five. And this “push” should be done not at 5-6 years old, when they are already late, but much earlier - at 4 years of age. And the most important thing is that to give such an impetus you don’t need to be an expert specialist at all! You just need to know the exact technology teaching kids sound pronunciation and its nuances.
To develop in children the correct pronunciation of all sounds of their native language, kindergartens conduct special classes on sound pronunciation for all children (Note - not even in speech therapy kindergartens, but in the most ordinary kindergartens, sound pronunciation classes should be held regularly). If for some reason there are no such activities, then you can help your child at home.
I know many mothers and grandmothers who, living far from a speech therapist, dealt with the problem themselves difficult sounds and helped their kids. And I know many educators who know how to prevent speech disorders and help a child speak correctly and learn to pronounce all the sounds of his native speech. We can all help the baby and show him the right path!
But I want to warn you:
If the child does not have complex speech disorders, then the techniques that I will discuss in this article will be sufficient. And he will delight both you and himself with the correct sound s or z suddenly appearing in his speech. And there are many such children! The only task left is to make the correct pronunciation of the sound automatic, i.e. automate the correct pronunciation of a given sound.
But if a child’s sounds are impaired, he makes many grammatical mistakes, his speech is slurred, and he speaks with difficulty, then you cannot do without a speech therapist. And the sooner you contact a specialist, the better the results will be.
All articulation exercises are useful not only for children whose sound pronunciation is impaired, but for all preschoolers, because they develop the articulatory apparatus, make it more mobile, flexible, and learn to control it consciously.

Stages of working on sound.

Working on a new sound that a child pronounces incorrectly includes a number of stages:
1. Clarification of the movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus necessary to pronounce a given sound, training the movements of the articulatory apparatus - articulatory gymnastics,
2. Appearance of sound- sound production,
3. Sound acquisition- consolidating the correct pronunciation of sounds in the child’s speech (in isolation, in syllables, in words, in phrases and texts - poems, stories, games, nursery rhymes). I will tell you about all these stages in more detail.

First stage. Articulatory gymnastics for whistling sounds (s, s, z, z, z)

As a rule, in a child who does not speak the sound s or pronounces it incorrectly, the sound pronunciation of other whistling sounds is also impaired (whistle sounds include the sounds s, з, ц and the soft version of the sounds - сь, зь). One of the reasons for incorrect pronunciation of sounds is insufficient mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. Therefore, for correct pronunciation, special “regular exercise” is needed - articulatory gymnastics.
IN articulation gymnastics complex exercises are combined that prepare strictly defined movements of the articulatory apparatus and the positions of the tongue and lips necessary for a given group of sounds, and produce the correct air stream. Therefore, I really do not recommend that mothers, fathers, grandmothers, and grandfathers come up with their own articulation gymnastics complexes from different books and from the Internet. After all, all articulation gymnastics complexes are by no means composed randomly! It is impossible to form movements that are opposite to each other at the same time, therefore, in the complex of articulatory gymnastics, all exercises complement each other and are aimed at one goal - one group of sounds!
Articulation gymnastics should be performed daily without breaks. The most convenient time- before breakfast in the morning. Carrying out such gymnastics requires only 3-5 minutes of your time.
Each time articulation gymnastics is carried out in a playful way– in the form of a fairy tale or story, accompanied by exercises. This is where your imagination is welcome - you can come up with any plot in which you include these exercises, and change the plot and characters in accordance with the interests of your baby!

Tips for performing articulatory gymnastics - it is important to know and perform:

Usually 2-3 exercises are performed at a time. Each exercise is performed multiple times.
If you add to the complex new exercise, then there is only one, and all other exercises should be already familiar to the child by this time.
If a child finds it difficult to do old familiar exercises, then a new exercise is not introduced, but the old ones are consolidated. But consolidation occurs in a new form for the child - in a new plot, with new characters.
Articulation gymnastics should be done while sitting in front of a mirror.– You sit next to the child facing the mirror and show all the movements, the child can clearly see your face.
It is imperative to monitor facial symmetry when performing gymnastics movements.(the child’s movements should be symmetrical to the left and right half of the face). This is clearly visible to the child in the mirror, and he can track whether he is performing the movement correctly.
During articulatory gymnastics, it is necessary to monitor the accuracy and smoothness of movements, give the child clear criteria for the correctness and incorrectness of performing the exercise, correct his mistakes, monitor the absence of unnecessary side movements, a good pace of gymnastics and the ability to move from one movement to another. If you simply carry out the exercises formally, then their implementation is useless or of little use! After all, articulation gymnastics is not called that for nothing. This is truly “gymnastics”, in which correct movements are important, and not just playing with the tongue! By analogy: if you just lazily twirl your arms, then this will not be physical education or fitness and will not have a good result for your health! It’s the same in articulation gymnastics. What is important for the result is the quality of the movements, and not any movement in itself.
Articulation gymnastics exercises, if performed correctly and accurately, are not easy for most children. Therefore, do not scold your child under any circumstances, do not grieve that he does not succeed the first time. Everything needs to be learned! And there is one law of life - everything that is developed develops! Therefore, everything is still ahead of you! Praise your baby for what he is already doing - you can already make your tongue wide, your tongue has already begun to move quickly, etc.

Preparatory complex of articulation gymnastics includes exercises needed to pronounce any sounds. It is with this preparatory complex that it is best to start practicing articulatory gymnastics in kindergarten or at home. Basic option such a complex that you can start doing at home:
Smile and keeping your lips in a smile. In this case, the front teeth are exposed and clearly visible.
Tube. Pulling the lips forward with a tube. With this movement, only the lips move!
Ring. Ring-shaped lips.
Alternation: smile - ring - tube.
Calm opening and closing of the mouth, lips in a smile. There should be no other unnecessary movements!
The tongue is wide.
The tongue is narrow.
Alternation: wide tongue - narrow tongue.
Tongue lift for the upper teeth.
Alternating movements tongue up and down.
Alternating movements tongue with the tip of the tongue down: move the tongue deeper into the mouth - bring it closer to the teeth.

If these movements are easy for the child, then you can immediately move on to the complex for whistling sounds. If there are difficulties, then you need to train the basic movements from the preparatory complex. If a child cannot do the exercise with alternating “smile - ring - tube”, then I strongly advise you to consult a speech therapist.

A set of articulation exercises for whistling sounds p. z, c (Developed by Fomicheva M.V.).

Helpful Tips:

In every exercise I give description of movements and typical mistakes (See “What to pay attention to”). After the description you will find video all exercises.
First, do all these exercises yourself in front of the mirror, Paying attention to all the nuances, master them, and then teach them to your children.
Never scold a child for a mistake, just show him again the correct version of the exercise, focusing on the necessary nuance, describe to the child in words how to perform the movements, what to watch for. Children are completely calm about the “funny tongue’s mistakes” and are happy to “teach” him to do the movements correctly.

Exercise 1. Put the ball into the goal.

Our task: In this exercise, the child will learn to direct a long, directed stream of air.
Performing the exercise:
Place two cubes on the table - these are gates. And next to the gate on the table in front of the child, place a cotton ball. The child stretches his lips forward with a straw, blows on the ball and tries to drive it into the gate made of cubes.

Don't puff out your cheeks! The baby can hold them with his hands to control himself.
The stream of air should be long and without interruptions - one long exhalation.

Exercise 2. Punish the naughty tongue.

Our task: teach your child to keep his tongue wide and relaxed. And continue to produce a directed air stream.
Performing the exercise:
The child, opening his mouth slightly, puts his tongue on his lower lip and, smacking his lips, says five-five-five. He then opens his mouth and keeps his tongue relaxed, wide and resting on his lower lip.
I don’t like to “punish” the tongue with children, which is already trying its best to practice, so I do this exercise with the kids in a different plot - the tongue rests and sings the song five-five-five. Or I suggest the child massage his tongue: five-five-five. You can come up with your own plot.
What you need to pay attention to:
The edges of the tongue touch the corners of the mouth - the tongue is really very wide.
We pat the tongue with our lips several times during one exhalation, while the stream of air flows smoothly, without interruption, without holding our breath.
A child can check whether the exercise is being performed correctly this way: bring a piece of cotton wool to his mouth, and it will deflect. Children always really like this kind of self-test.

Exercise 3. Wide tongue - pancake.

Our task: we will teach the child to hold his tongue in a calm, relaxed state.
Performing the exercise:
You need to smile, put it wide leading edge tongue on the lower lip and hold it in this state for a count of one to five to ten. Try it yourself first!
What you need to pay attention to when watching the exercise in the mirror:
The lips should not be in a tense smile - a grimace, they should be relaxed in a smile.
The lower lip should not curl up.
The tongue should not “run away” far - it simply covers the lower lip.
The lateral edges of the tongue touch the corners of the mouth - it is relaxed.
If the exercise does not work, then you need to continue doing the previous one - “punish the tongue.” And return to this exercise later.

Exercise 5. Who will kick the ball further?

Our task- we will practice the correct air stream - the air goes in the middle of the tongue, the air stream is smooth, long, continuous.
Performing the exercise:
You will need cotton wool, which we will try to drive away. Fleece is our “ball”. You need to smile and place the wide front edge of your tongue on your lower lip. Next, pronounce the f sound for a long time. And blow the cotton wool onto the opposite edge of the table.
What you need to pay attention to:
The lower lip should not be pulled over the lower teeth.
Don't puff out your cheeks!
You need to pronounce the sound f, not x - it is with the sound f that the air stream is narrow, as we need.

Exercise 6. Let's brush our teeth.

Our task: we will teach the child to hold the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth - this is required to pronounce whistling sounds.
Performing the exercise:
Smile, open your mouth slightly. Use the tip of your tongue to brush your lower teeth. First move your tongue from side to side, and then from bottom to top.
What you need to pay attention to:
The lips are smiling and motionless throughout the entire exercise.
When moving from side to side, the tongue is at the gums, and not at the top edge of the teeth.
When moving from bottom to top, the tip of the tongue should be wide and move upward from the root of the teeth.

Sometimes adults find articulation gymnastics boring and uninteresting. But not for children! I know from own experience that children really like to look at themselves in the mirror, “learn their naughty tongue” and improve the technique of performing the exercise. And to all children! And if the plot of the exercises is changed, then the interest in them always remains very great, and there is a kind of intrigue - what will be new this time? After all, the baby himself clearly sees his results, sees that every time he makes the movement better and better, more and more accurate. And in this way the baby explores himself, the structure of his body, which is also very exciting for preschoolers.

How much time will it take for preparatory work? It is simply impossible to say in absentia. For one child three times is enough, for another - a week, for a third - a month. But the better the organs of the articulatory apparatus are developed, the faster the baby will learn to pronounce all sounds correctly. Therefore, there is no need to waste time on this and rush!

You can see the exercises of a complex of articulatory gymnastics for whistling sounds in the video below.

Video. Articulatory gymnastics for whistling sounds (s, z, z)

Second stage. Sound production.

At the second stage, those children who correctly pronounce the sound s clarify its articulation and pronunciation, and consolidate their skills. The same children who did not know how to pronounce it learn to pronounce this sound - “whistle”.
It is very important that the child is aware of the correct articulation of sound and can check himself. This is possible from the age of 4. And in classes on speech development, all children are taught this (at least, they should be taught even in the most ordinary kindergarten).
Why do children with good sound pronunciation need this knowledge and skills? To develop their ability to consciously control the organs of the articulatory apparatus, to clarify and consolidate correct pronunciation, for clearer and fast work organs of articulation, for good mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. All these skills develop gradually and require training.

At 4 years old The child will learn how teeth, lips, and tongue work when pronouncing sounds in the form of a fairy tale - the game “Fairy Tongue Tales.”

From 5 years You can explain to children the correct articulation of sound in the form we are familiar with (without a fairy tale) and ask the child questions: “How does the mouth work? What does the tongue do”, etc. In older preschool age, it is already important not just to make a movement and be able to talk about correct execution exercises, but also monitor the smoothness and accuracy of movements, quick switching to a new movement, and ease of movements.

Articulatory gymnastics with children of any age can be completed with an exercise or game with onomatopoeia with a given sound, which you will find below.

When producing a sound, the baby also learns the correct articulation of the sound.

Correct articulation of sound c.

When pronouncing the sound correctly with:
The mouth smiles (the corners of the mouth are slightly pulled back),
Teeth closed
The tip of the tongue rests on the lower incisors (i.e. it is at the bottom, not at the top),
The front part of the back of the tongue is close to the alveoli and forms a gap with them (children know the alveoli as “tubercles” on the palate, at the top of the mouth),
When pronouncing a sound, a groove is formed in the middle of the tongue through which air flows.
Unlike hissing sounds when pronouncing whistling sounds cold air stream! In order to determine which stream of air is coming from the mouth, you need to bring your hand to your mouth, palm down. Pronounce the sound Ш yourself in this position, and then the sound S, and you will see the difference. You can show your baby this difference by blowing on his hand while pronouncing these two sounds. And then he himself will be happy to experiment to see how it works out for him - a cold stream of air or not.

For four-year-old children, you can practice the sound C in the form of a game. Invite your child to ride a bike. To do this, we need to inflate tires that are slightly deflated. We will work with the pump and inflate the tires with air: sssss. Show yourself how the “pump works” - sss (show the articulation of this sound so that the child can clearly see your face). Ask your child: what is the position of the lips when the pump whistles? (In a smile). Are teeth visible? (Yes). Where is the tip of the tongue? (Below, hidden behind his lower teeth). What kind of air is coming in - cool or hot? (Cool) – bring the back of your hand to your mouth. Compare with the sound X - is the air warmer with the sound X or the sound of the pump C?
Invite your child to “take the pump” (pantomime - an imaginary action) and “pump up the tires” - whistle ssss.
Very often, even such clarification of the correct sound pronunciation of the sound C in the game “Pump” is enough for a four-year-old child to begin to pronounce the sound correctly!

It happens that “playing the pump” is not enough and you need to clarify the articulation of sound individually, in front of a mirror. When producing sound by imitation You can invite the baby to blow on his slightly protruding wide tongue, imitating you. After this, you need to move your tongue behind your lower teeth. “Look where my tongue is. Do you see the teeth? Do the same. Smile so your teeth are visible. Press your wide tongue against your front teeth at the top. Well done! Now cover your mouth and let's blow. Raise your hand to your chin – can you feel the air flowing?” Place the cotton wool on the child's chin so that a stream of air hits it. If the child blows weakly, then ask him to blow harder, but do not puff out his cheeks. So, by imitation, the child will get the correct sound s. Repeat this sound 5-6 times with pauses.

You should not expect that the sound C, which appears through imitation, will immediately appear in the child’s speech. For a child, this is just the sound of a pump in a game! Even the next day, the baby may already forget everything, and you will have to demonstrate the sound production exercise again. And ask him to whistle like a pump, make noise like a vacuum cleaner, blow and whistle like the wind, etc. In order for the sound c to enter the child’s speech, games and game exercises for its automation, which I will talk about in the next article. After all, just repeating words and phrases with sound is not at all interesting for a baby! And you also need teach your child to distinguish between close and similar friend on each other sounds so as not to confuse them in speech. We will also talk about this in the continuation of this article.

And in the end I want to offer you two videos about making whistling sounds with a demonstration of simple and accessible techniques.

How to teach a 3-4 year old child to pronounce the whistling sounds S and Z correctly? Video

If a child is good at articulatory gymnastics movements, then, as a rule, a few simple techniques will allow him to almost immediately learn how to correctly pronounce the whistling sounds s and z. You will learn from Irina Denisova’s video how you can teach your child to pronounce the sound s correctly at home and correct its pronunciation. She shares some professional speech therapy secrets with her parents.

If you managed to successfully evoke a sound, then all that remains is to automate its correct pronunciation in syllables, words and phrases. You can learn about games and exercises for automating the sounds C and Сь in a child’s speech in the article

If the child’s pronunciation of many sounds is impaired, articulation exercises are very difficult for him, and he cannot produce the “correct” sound, then you definitely need to contact a speech therapist to a children's clinic or speech therapy kindergarten. You can always find out the addresses of all institutions where you can get help from a speech therapist free of charge from your district or city education department.

And at the end of the article there are several songs for speech lessons with children based on the sound s.

Songs with sound S. Video for speech classes with children.

Song about sand- a song for pronouncing the isolated sound sssss - onomatopoeia: how sand pours ssss. In the future, it can be used to automate the pronunciation of this sound in phrases.

A song about the letter S. Words with the sound S. How to make the letter S from the letter O?

See you again!

You can read more about the formation of correct sound pronunciation in preschool children:

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Difficulties in mastering the sonar sounds “r” and “r’” are often found in preschool children. Along with reading and writing, many parents really want their child to learn how to pronounce this letter correctly before school. Special classes on correct sound pronunciation will help you learn to pronounce the letter P without a speech therapist.

Difficulties with pronunciation: why does the child not pronounce “R”

In speech development, the sound “r” is considered one of the most difficult to pronounce, so speech therapists devote a large period of time to studying it. So, a two-year-old child cannot yet speak the letter P clearly and clearly. But by the age of 5-6 years, the time has come for productive results in sound pronunciation.

In what case is the pronunciation of R considered incorrect:

When voicing the word “r” drops out of pronunciation (caravan - “ka_avan”);
In words with the letter “r” the child changes/swallows the ending;
The kid in his speech replaces the “r” in words with more simple sounds“s”, “l” or “th” (rainbow - “laduga”, tree - “deyevo”, etc.);
The child pronounces the sound “r” with vibration or gutturally, in the French manner.

Pay attention! Incorrect pronunciation is acceptable as the child’s articular apparatus prepares to master speech sounds. But when 1.5-2 years of training do not lead to improvement in speech, there is reason to be wary.

Video assistant: learning to say the sound “R” beautifully:

Body factors influencing difficulty in pronunciation R

The difficulty of pronouncing the sound “r” can be due to many reasons, including physiological ones, which cannot be ignored.

Short frenulum of the tongue

An undeveloped frenulum can impede the development of speech, including interfering with the correct pronunciation of sounds. The child simply cannot reach the upper palate with his tongue and produce a sound. The degree of underdevelopment of the frenulum is determined by a speech therapist, who also makes a decision on the need for its correction.

Note! The frenulum can be developed with the help of speech gymnastics exercises; in extreme cases, surgical intervention is used.

Sedentary speech apparatus

Poor mobility of the face and speech organs may be the cause of poor speech quality in a child. Its training is necessary to strengthen the facial muscles. Active movements of the mouth (wide smile, tube lips, etc.), grimaces help prepare the articular apparatus for the correct pronunciation of sounds. The better the speech organs are developed, the clearer the baby’s speech will be.

Incorrect phonemic awareness

With this violation, the child incorrectly interprets the word he hears (dudka - “tutka”, pajamas - “bizyama”, etc.). Incorrectly pronounced sounds may seem funny to adults, but by repeating them over and over again, the child runs the risk of distorting them with increasing regularity.

Impaired breathing

If air leaks in the wrong direction during breathing, the baby may not pronounce sounds correctly. This is especially noticeable in preschoolers when R is pronounced “on the nose.” The cause (in addition to nasal congestion from a runny nose) may be enlarged adenoids, poor lung function, or problems with the cardiovascular system. In this case, speech breathing is corrected under the supervision of a doctor using exercises alternating physical and speech stress.

Do you need help from a speech therapist?

Teaching your child to pronounce the sound R correctly on your own is quite possible. But an initial consultation with a speech therapist will not be superfluous. A specialist will help you correctly determine the cause of pronunciation difficulties, and will also offer optimal options for forming clear and intelligible speech.

How a speech therapist can help a child:

determine the specific cause of the child’s speech impairment;
will study the symptoms and structure of speech disorders;
will be individual system corrective effects on the speech apparatus.

The first visit to a speech therapist usually occurs at the age of 2-3 years; it is included in the routine examination before going to kindergarten. Almost always, in conjunction with a consultation with a speech therapist, the child is examined by a neurologist to rule out disorders in brain development (dysarthria, dyslalia, bradyllalia, etc.).

Learning to say “R”: speech gymnastics

Many parents are wondering how to quickly teach their child to say the letter R. At home, the speech apparatus can be developed using simple exercises. On initial stage Speech gymnastics is used in the work. It is this, together with the step-by-step production of sounds, that will make the baby’s speech clearer.

Speech gymnastics is divided into three groups, each of which is important for the formation of correct sound pronunciation. Here are a few examples of each type of gymnastics that can be used if you have difficulty pronouncing the letter “R”.

Breathing exercises

"Birthday". Try to imagine that in front of you is a birthday cake with candles. Show your parents how you will blow out the candles. Take in some air to blow it all out at once. And then try to blow out one of them.

“Flight of a Snowflake”. Place a piece of fluffy cotton wool on your palm and imagine that it is a snowflake. Try to blow it off your hand. It turns out? Try to blow away two pieces at the same time. Inhalation should be through the nose, and exhalation should be smooth, long through the mouth.

Lip exercises

“Fence”. Grind your teeth tightly. Now open your lips (not your mouth!) and show your white little fence. Hide it back. Repeat the exercise 5-7 times.

"Proboscis". Try to show what kind of proboscis an elephant has. To do this, stretch your lips forward as much as possible. What a proboscis!

"Frog". Stretch your lips in a smile, show how wide the frog’s mouth is.

Tongue exercises

"Needle". The sharp needle can be shown with your tongue. Open your mouth and stretch your narrow tongue forward.

“Horse”. Try to show how a horse clicks. Open your mouth, lift and press your tongue to the roof of your mouth, click it.

"Jam". Imagine that you have sweet jam on your lips. Open your mouth, try to lick your upper and lower lips with your tongue.

"Swing". Open your mouth, make a sharp tongue. First stretch your tongue high to your nose, then lower it low to your chin. Repeat the exercise in the same sequence: up/down until the tongue gets tired.

Making “Drummer” and others useful exercises as shown in the video:

Exercises to stretch the frenulum of the tongue

With a short frenulum of the tongue, speech therapists first of all recommend stretching it with the help of massage and articulation exercises. They can be performed in a playful way, and with the proper approach, the frenulum will no longer be an obstacle to the pronunciation of the sound “r”. It should be noted that the conservative method of frenulum lengthening is effective in children under 5 years of age.

Reaching up to the nose

Reaching the tip of the nose is not a task that everyone can do, but you can hold a competition to see who can reach the strongest. The tip of the tongue should be pulled up as much as possible. Repeat the exercise 5-7 times a day.

Like a kitten

Has your child ever seen kittens lap up milk? Invite your child to try lapping something like a house cat. For example, condensed milk on a plate. This is an excellent action for stretching the frenulum.

Light massage

Massage of the hyoid frenulum to stretch it is carried out by adults. This simple procedure can be carried out at home after the method of stretching the frenulum with massage is demonstrated by a speech therapist. The child opens his mouth and lifts the tip of his tongue upward. With clean fingers (thumb and forefinger), the adult carefully takes the frenulum under the tongue and makes massaging movements. A slight upward pull of the bridle is acceptable. Do the massage 2 times a day for 3 minutes.

Consolidating the sound “R” in a child’s speech

Teaching correct pronunciation at home should be done daily for 3-5 repetitions. Children under 4-5 years old need to show exercises by example. The child must clearly understand what is required of him and what the result should look like. Children over 5 years old can do some exercises in front of a mirror - according to speech therapists, this is the best way to automate the sound “r”.

Say the syllables

ra-ra-ra-ra	ra-ro-ry-ru
ro-ro-ro-ro	ru-ry-ra-ro
ry-ry-ry-ry	ry-ra-ro-ru
ru-ru-ru-ru	ro-ru-ra-ry

Pure talk

RA-RA-RA (2 times) – I was with the guys yesterday.

RO-RO-RO (2 times) – the rooster lost a feather.

RU-RU-RU (2 times) - the hare hid in a hole.

RE-RE-RE (2 times) - we are playing in the yard.

UR-UR-UR (2 times) – Katya and I caught chickens.

Repeat the sentences

- The cow has horns.

– Vera and Roma are playing blind man’s buff.

– The tourists lit a fire.

- Fyodor is chopping wood with an ax.

– Ira has red mittens.

- The driver will check the engine.

Repeat the tongue twisters

– Large grapes grow on Mount Ararat.

– The mouse has a rind of cheese in its hole.

- Three trumpeters blew their trumpets.

– After the dew roses grew.

- In the darkness, crayfish make noise in a fight.

Repeat nursery rhymes

There was a rowan tree growing by the river,

And the river flowed and rippled.

In the middle there is depth,

There was a fish walking there.

This fish is the king of fish,

It's called "minnow".

There's a slide in the yard,

There is a hole under the hill.

There's a mole in this hole

He guards the mink.

Yegor walked through the yard,

He carried an ax to repair a fence.

You can also teach the pronunciation of “r” at home using children’s literature. For the exercise you will need books with illustrations. Ask the child to name the depicted object, the name of which contains the letter R. These could be: daisy, crayfish, shirt, rocket, robot, drum, stamp, locomotive, pipe, map, pyramid, etc.

Teaching your child to say the sound “R” at home – what to take note

Exercises for practicing with a child are very simple, but, nevertheless, at first they can cause difficulties. If you decide to practice on your own, be patient and persistent in the process of mastering the pronunciation of the letter R. Remember - even small but regular speech training can bring results.

Here are a few useful tips on the process of teaching sound pronunciation:

In order not to lose your child’s interest in the exercises, practice several sounds sequentially. From simple tasks move on to more complex ones, sequentially. If your child finds one of the tasks difficult over and over again, offer an alternative;
use a variety of material to automate and reinforce sound in speech. Alternate in your classes pure sayings, poems, pictures with objects, sets of words that contain the sound being practiced;
For a progressive result, a positive emotional mood in the child is important. If the baby is not in the mood to exercise for some reason, then do the exercises a little later;
delivered sounds require constant reinforcement in speech. Therefore, systematicity in conducting classes is important. Dedicate time to “problem” sound for at least 20 minutes daily.