Real winter in Central Asia. Climate of tajikistanclimatic seasons of tajikistan Climate of tajikistanclimatic seasons of tajikistan

AT mountainous areas Winter has already come to Tajikistan. Snow covers the roads, it is almost impossible to get out of the mountain villages until spring. Electricity is only available for a few hours a day. The villagers do not watch TV, do not listen to the radio and live the way their ancestors lived hundreds of years ago. In what conditions and on what do the villagers live in places remote from civilization, and what do they do in winter, - Anushervon Aripov will tell.

In the flat regions of Tajikistan, there is a rather warm autumn, but winter has already come to the mountain villages.

Ato Karimov, a resident of the mountain village of Nasrat, agreed to show the Present Time his home and family. He has plenty of time now. From mid-autumn to April, there is practically nothing to do in the mountains. He is a shepherd, as, indeed, most of his fellow villagers. And the pastures are already littered with snow. So Ato is forced to sit at home all day long.

“Unless you walk up and down the village once, visit your relatives and go back home,” says Ato Karimov, a resident of the Nasrat village, Varzob district of Tajikistan. - "We sit at home all day. What else to do?"

According to Ato, the life of people in this village is divided into two stages, long winter and preparation for it. For six warm months you need to mow grass in the mountains, raise cattle and have time to sell it before the onset of cold weather.

"When five-month-old lambs grow up, we start selling them. Usually there are 10-15 of them in a season. We live on this," says Ato Karimov. - "We buy flour, butter, potatoes. This is how we live. And well, you will also slaughter one lamb for your family."

Ato says that he prepared well for winter this year. The proceeds from the sale of sheep were enough to stock up on food, and to buy coal for heating, and even left a little for the next year. This money can no longer be spent. In the coming days, up to two meters of snow may fall in the village where the family lives, and it will not be possible to get out of it.

"Here, I got ready for winter. I insulated the floors in all rooms. Three layers of coating on the floor. Bottom rubber, then rugs, and carpet on top," Ato shows

Each room of the house has its own coal stove. The Ato family spends almost the whole day next to one of them. They drink tea, make plans for the next summer, talk about cattle and discuss neighbors. There are no other entertainments in the village anyway. Electricity is provided for only a few hours a day in winter, so you can't even watch TV.

Charcoal stoves are the only salvation in winter. Fortunately, they have enough fuel. There is a small mine in the mountains, and every day the neighbor Ato Sharif goes for coal on his donkey. This is the only winter mode of transport in this area. Sells cheap, a bag costs only half a dollar. People come to buy coal even from neighboring villages.

"The best mode of transport, no need for gasoline, no diesel fuel. I've already earned three thousand somoni on it," Sharif is proud.

There are not enough forests in the mountainous area, and people have nowhere to get firewood. Therefore, most of the inhabitants use cow cakes as fuel. They are molded on the wall like this, and when the manure dries up, they collect and heat the stove.

The only concern in winter is to feed the cattle in the barn, two dozen sheep and a few goats. Ato's son, Gaibullo, is doing this. Twice a day, he and his friends go up to the roof of the barn to cut the grass stocked up since the summer.

“We store grass and hay on the roofs of barns so that they don’t rot, and all winter, slowly, we cut them for livestock,” says Gaibullo’s neighbor, Firdavs.

The main event of this season is the opening new school. It was presented to local residents by metropolitan entrepreneurs, people from the village of Nasrat. The villagers staged real holiday, with songs, dances and a large cauldron of pilaf. After all, before that, their children studied in cramped rooms, two or three different classes together.

But there is no hospital in the village, only a first-aid post where they can make a maximum bandage and prescribe medicines for colds. So locals try not to get sick in the winter. It is too difficult to get to the regional center where there is a hospital.

"Life here is hard. If someone gets sick, they have to be dragged across the pass on a stretcher. Far. About five kilometers," says Zebi, a resident of the village of Nasrat, Ato's sister.

There are no roads here, only directions, and even those are all covered in mud. Building something here is useless. Any road will be washed away at the first snowmelt, and it does not matter if it is asphalt or concrete.

Our film crew wanted to spend the night here to learn more about the village of Nasrat. But in the late afternoon it began to snow heavily, and the locals advised to leave. Otherwise, you won’t be able to get out, and you can get stuck in the mountains for several weeks, or even a month.

Present Tense, Tajikistan

The climate of Tajikistan, like any mountainous country lying in the southern latitudes, is very diverse: subtropical in low valleys, moderately warm in the middle tiers of the mountains and cold in them. high parts. For almost nine months, the balance of solar radiation in Tajikistan has been positive. This means that the surface in spring, summer and autumn receives more heat from the sun than it gives it to the world space.

In winter, the climate of Tajikistan is formed under the influence of cold continental Siberian and relatively warm and humid oceanic air coming from the west. In winter and spring at the interface air masses often there are polar fronts along which cyclones move. Their passage is accompanied by snowfalls or rains.

In summer, the climate is determined by a significant solar radiation warm, dry, tropical air, formed over the deserts of Western and Central Asia, insulates the plains of the republic. High mountains, delaying cold air coming in winter from Siberia. Therefore, there are higher winter temperatures. Character traits climate of Tajikistan - large daily and seasonal fluctuations in temperature and dry air. The difference between summer and winter average monthly temperatures, for example, reaches 28-30°.

Mountains serve as a barrier to cold winds and make significant changes in the distribution of heat. In particular, when ascending from the Fergana depression to the Gissar-Alay ridges average temperature air falls in summer and winter, and when descending to the Hissar depression, and from it to the Vakhsh valley increases. This phenomenon is associated with the flow of air masses through the ridges, during which they are compressed, and the heat released during this heats the surrounding air. in the Pamirs average monthly temperatures decrease when moving from west to east, where, due to an even greater distance from Atlantic Ocean increasing continental climate.

The climatic seasons of Tajikistan are very different from the seasons of the countries of temperate latitudes. In the very south-west of the republic there is almost no snow and winter in its usual sense. There throughout the year the average monthly temperature above zero. At least 2/3 of the year in the southern regions is warm or hot weather with temperatures from 10 to 30 degrees. The rest of the time; from December to February, it is cool, the thermometer shows from 1 to 5-6 ° of heat. At the same time, in the mountains at an altitude of 3000-4000 m, two or three months with a temperature above 10-15 ° are barely recruited. It is dominated by cool or cold weather, winds, drizzling rains or snowfalls.

Spring and autumn in the valleys of Tajikistan are short. In the lowlands in early spring observed frequent rains sometimes it snows. Autumn is dry, warm and perhaps the most pleasant time of the year. Depending on the temperature and the amount of precipitation, cold-humid (from November to April) and warm-dry (from May to October) periods are distinguished. In summer (June, July and August), on the plains of the north and southwest, the temperature ranges from 20 to 30 °. In the afternoon, it rises to 35-40°, and the soil temperature reaches 60-70° C. Such hot weather is favorable for some heat-loving crops.

One of the features of the climate is the uneven distribution of precipitation over the territory during the year. The largest number they fall in the cold period, and in the warm they are either absent or negligible. Therefore, agriculture on the plains is possible only with artificial irrigation.

Most of the precipitation brought westerly winds, remains on the slopes of the mountains, mainly in the axial parts of the Gissar Range, the ranges of Peter I and the Academy of Sciences. Swimming pools are located in this zone of high humidity. upstream Varzoba, Kafirnigana Obikhingou and Fedchenko glacier. In it, from 900 to 1200 mm of precipitation or more falls annually, to the north and south of this zone - only 400-500 mm.

In the South Tajik Depression, the amount of precipitation decreases from the northeast to the southwest. There are very few of them in cotton regions - only 150-300 mm. There, from June to October, there is almost no rain, and the air heats up so much that raindrops from the clouds that have flown from the mountains evaporate before reaching the ground. There is very little precipitation in the Fergana depression - only 100 mm. The Eastern Pamir receives the least amount of moisture in Tajikistan, where there is almost no snow and real rains.

Dry air contributes to the formation in summer, and sometimes in winter dust storms. They also come from other places. In Ferghana, a dusty, hot wind, which usually invades from the Karakum, is called garmsil. An Afghan is blowing in the south. These winds are accompanied by dry mist, which sometimes penetrates high into the mountains. Hot winds, although unfavorable for crops, usually do not cause much harm.

In the republic, depending on the height of the terrain and the nature of the relief, several types of climate are formed. The climate with very hot summers and mild winters dominates the plains located at altitudes of 350-500 m. It is characterized by a long (more than 200 days) summer and a small amount of precipitation - 150-200 mm. Climate with hot summers and cool winter typical of the foothills of Kuhistan, the low mountains of the southwest and more elevated valleys. Precipitation here is 350-700 mm. Temperate climate typical for the mountain ranges of Central Tajikistan and the Western Pamirs at an altitude of 1500-3000 m. There is a cool summer, cold winter, in the autumn-winter-spring periods there is a lot of precipitation.

A cold climate reigns in the mountains at an altitude of more than 3000 m. The summer there is very short, the winter is long and frosty. High-mountain-desert climate is common in the Eastern Pamirs. Precipitation here is only 60-100 mm, mainly in warm season. Summers are dry and short, but winters are harsh, with little snow and long. In places, under peat bogs at a depth of 1.5 m, permafrost soil occurs.

The winter of 2017-2018 in Central Asia may become a record frost. In general, weather forecasters already emphasize that in a number of regions the temperature and abundance of precipitation are already close to the maximum. And winter months 2018 is called "Siberian" in Central Asia.

Winter in Kyrgyzstan

especially cold winter this year was issued in Kyrgyz Republic. Here the weather in January was much more severe than in December. The thermometer even in the densely populated cities of Kyrgyzstan fell below 20 degrees Celsius, and frosts down to -30 degrees were noted in mountainous and remote areas.

Special frosts in Kyrgyzstan are expected at the end of January. At night, the air temperature can drop below 40 degrees Celsius. In this regard, most schools, kindergartens in Bishkek and several other districts of the country have canceled classes. Children are asked to stay at home and not leave warm rooms unnecessarily.

Winter in Tajikistan

Slightly less severe, but still too cold for the region, the winter of 2018 was noted in the Republic of Tajikistan. It is unusually cold here, frosts have fallen on the Sughd region and the mountainous regions of the North-East of the country. The thermometer dropped to -12 degrees Celsius, which is very rare for a sunny warm republic.

Heavy rainfall is also noted in Tajikistan. Due to frequent snow and even snowstorms, icy conditions formed on the roads of dozens of cities and hundreds of villages.

Winter in Uzbekistan

In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the winter of 2018 was not marked by such severe frosts as in Kyrgyzstan. But still, weather forecasters emphasize that for this region the weather is colder than usual. Even during the day in many areas of the country, the thermometers do not rise above zero degrees. It gets even colder at night in Khodjeyli, Khiva, Chimgan, Shavat, Chimbay and other cities.

It's in once more proves that the climate of Central Asia is sharply continental. about the recent record-breaking hot summer in the region.

Sources of information and photos