Origin of the word sun The origin of Russian words, information from various sources
Of interest is the etymology of the key words of the Teaching.
The word "peace" is of common Slavic origin, has correspondences in the Baltic languages (for example, the ancient Lithuanian mieras - "peace, silence", the Latvian miers - "peace"). It is considered formed by means of the suffix "r" from the same stem as the word "cute".
The word "people" is related to the Old Russian language. It goes back to the Indo-European root leudh (grow, grow, add). You should pay attention to the word "people" - "to be born."
The word "energy" comes from the ancient Greek energeia (action, activity) and means "activity, strength, power, work".
The word "spirit" is very common in the common Slavic language space and goes back to the Indo-European tradition (for example, in Lithuanian duesiu means "I breathe", dausos - "air", the Gothic word dius - "spirit"). Interestingly, the prefix "du" in Sanskrit means everything that is difficult to achieve, deeply, hidden.
The word "phenomenon" in its various variations is very common in the common Slavic languages and appears there in the meaning of "coming, indicating, perception by the senses." It also goes back to the ancient Indian root "java" (in Sanskrit, avis means "manifestly", and "vyakta" means the manifested universe).
The word "consciousness" refers to words of Sanskrit origin. It is well known that ancient Russian word"knowledge" and the ancient Indian Sanskrit word "jnana" have one common root. The prefix "so" also carries the Sanskrit basis.
The word "life" has the Sanskrit root jivatma.
The word "way" has a root base, often found in the ancient Indian tradition (panthas - "trace, road, path"), as well as in a number of languages of the Indo-European community (Ossetian fandag - "way", Latin pons, Genitive pontis - "bridge, flooring, deck"). However, the most ancient basis is the Sanskrit word "patha".
The word "fire" is usually considered common Slavic, having a correspondence in the ancient Indo-European languages (Lithuanian ugnis, Latvian ignis). However, the most ancient basis of all subsequent language forms is the Sanskrit word "agni".
The word "heart" is derived from the common Slavic root "srd", which has a correspondence in other Indo-European languages (Lithuanian sirdis, Armenian sirt, Latin cog, genitive cordis, Hittite hard). The Sanskrit root, to which the listed common Slavic versions go back, is "hrdaya".
The word "strength" is of common Slavic origin, which has a counterpart in the Baltic languages (for example, in Lithuanian siela - "soul"). Some scholars believe that this concept is related to the Sanskrit root "si" ("to connect, purify, bind").
The word “thought” was previously seen as a word of ancient Russian origin with the root “mud”, akin to the Indo-European languages (for example, in Gothic “think” sounds like maudajan) and formed with the suffix “-sl”. AT recent times philologists and linguists (V.N. Toporov) made an assumption about the relationship of the Slavic word "thought" to the Indo-European root "men" (which brings to mind the ancient Indian word manas "thought").
The word "man" and, accordingly, "mankind" is usually considered to be words of common Slavic origin. Sometimes it is assumed that they are compound words consisting of two simple words"brow" and "eyelid". The first part of the “brow” has the meaning “up, elevation”, from which a different meaning arose further - “the highest quality”. The second part "age" means "strength". In this case, the original meaning of the word "man" can be defined as "full strength, adult male." In Sanskrit, the word "man" sounds like "manusha" (manushyana - humanity). It is possible that the Sanskrit root of the word "man" has a connection with the verb "chi" (comprehend, feel, observe) and with the noun "chit" (mind, mind, spirit, soul, thought). The teaching of Agni Yoga defines the word "man" as a two-part concept that has a sacred meaning - "brow" or "spirit", transient for centuries (in the Hindu sacred tradition, the word "chela" means "student", that is, a person is a student of the Highest Knowledge, infinitely and eternally improving). The one-root word "humanity" formed by means of a suffix adjoins it.
The word "aspiration" refers to words of Old Russian origin and is associated with the verb "strive" - the reflexive common Slavic form "strmiti", which was formed using the suffix "-iti" from "strm" (Old Russian "strm" - abrupt, steep, "stirrup »fast current, - "to overthrow, quickly flow").
The word "law" is of ancient Russian origin. It is formed using the prefix "for" from the noun "kon" (limit, beginning, end, border), which has gone out of wide use. "Law" by deep meaning- that which is beyond what was originally. It is believed that the word "con" is a derivative of a verb that has not survived.
The word "time" in its origin goes back to the Old Slavonic language. Actually, the Old Russian East Slavic form was the word "veremya". The Indo-European basis of the word is the root "vart" to spin, spin, happen.
The word "light" goes back to the old Russian basis, which, in turn, relies on the Sanskrit root "shveta" - light.
The word "creativity" is usually considered a word of common Slavic origin, formed using the suffix "-iti" from the stem "creation" (kind, creature, creation), recorded in monuments and preserved in some Slavic languages. However, the root “creation” itself goes back to the Sanskrit root “creature” (“tvashtara” - creator, master, carpenter, doer, and “srashtar” - creator, creator, God).
The word "word" comes from the Old Russian (from the 11th century) "word" - a gift, speech, meaning, teaching, writing.
The word "earth" is of ancient Slavic origin. However, the Indo-European root of this word is the concept of g "hem - (g" Note).
The word "magnet" is ancient Greek origin. A piece iron ore, which has magnetic properties, was called so in connection with the geographical name of the corresponding place in Greece - Magnesium.
The word "teaching" comes from the Old Russian language, where it sounded like "unch". The Indo-European basis of this word is the root euk "to learn, get used to, trust", and the word ucyati, meaning "is habitual, suitable, finds pleasure" can be considered its ancient Indian counterpart.
The word "opportunity" is a compound word of ancient Slavic origin. It goes back to the old Russian word "to be able" - power, strength. The Indo-European stem of the word "to be able" is expressed by the concept of magh - "to be able". The ancient Indian, Sanskrit correspondence of this word is magha "h -" reward, gift, power ".
The word "knowledge" is clearly of Sanskrit origin, going back to the concept of viand.
The word "hierarchy" also has an ancient Greek origin. Subsequently, it became widespread in the church-Christian environment.
The word "hand" - the concept of "hand" is considered to be derived from the word of the same name old Russian tradition. However, in Sanskrit it sounds “kara”, which indicates the ancient Indian origins of this word.
The word "ray" is usually erected to the roots of the common Slavic plan, formed with the help of the suffix ";" from the basis of the "bow" of the Indo-European plan. However, at a deep level, the word goes back to Sanskrit, where it sounds like "ruch".
The word "brotherhood" is considered a word of common Slavic Indo-European origin (German - bruder, Latin - frater). However, it has Sanskrit roots, where it sounds like "bhratrtva" (the word "brother" sounds like "bharatar").
The word "love" (lubkh) goes back to the concept of "love" from the Old Russian language, where it also means personality and affection. The ancient Indian equivalent of this word is the word lubhyati "to love, to be thirsty, to be hungry."
The word "shield" goes back to the ancient Russian concept of the same name of the 11th century, which in turn is associated with the Indo-European base skeif, which comes from the root skei - "to cut, to separate".
The word "community" is considered common Slavic in origin. It is borrowed from the Old Slavonic languages (the original Russian custom in the dialect was deposited in "obschestvo").
So, we can conclude that the key words of Agni Yoga, in their etymology, go back to several language traditions: 1) common Slavic and Old Russian, 2) ancient Greek, 3) Aryan. From this point of view, it becomes even more important to understand the meaning of the Great Teachers' statement that the language of the Teaching bears "a touch of Sanskrit and Senzar", as well as the common formula introduced by H. I. Roerich, according to which "the Russian language is the Sanskrit of the sixth race ". Indeed, out of thirty-two words, fifteen have Sanskrit roots (despite the fact that three words are of ancient Greek origin, and fourteen go back to common Slavic origins). This speaks not only of the influence of Sanskrit on the language of Agni Yoga, but also on the Russian language in general, for the highlighted key concepts of the Teaching are quite common words both in the literary and in the ordinary colloquial language. According to H. P. Blavatsky, Sanskrit cannot be considered a dead language with only historical value. He played and will continue to play essential role in human history:
"It is quite obvious that in order for such an ancient and perfect language As Sanskrit has survived on its own among all languages, it has had to go through cycles of improvement and cycles of decline. And a person with a slightly developed intuition should have felt that the term "dead language" is incorrect and does not reflect the essence of the phenomenon, because even being "dead", this language could not survive if it did not have a special purpose in the realm of ineffable cyclic laws, and that Sanskrit, almost lost to the world, is now beginning to gradually spread in Europe, and one day will restore its status, which it had many thousands of years ago - that is, it will become a universal language. Something must tell us that there was a time - before the first Aryan settlers corrupted the purity of the sacred Sanskrit of Bhashya among the Dravidians and other natives admitted to the mysteries of Brahminic initiation - when Sanskrit had a pristine purity and therefore could have many ups and downs. ".
Who knows - maybe the strengthening of Sanskrit influences, which can be traced in the language of Agni Yoga (judging by the key words of the Teaching), just refers to the action of the cyclic laws indicated by H. P. Blavatsky? As for the influence on the language of the Teaching from Senzar (the Secret language of the Initiates, where each letter can have several meanings, but the sign placed at the beginning indicates the true meaning), then it should be specially investigated both with the help of ordinary science and thanks to the methods of spiritual knowledge. Moreover, for such a study, resorting to the lexical composition of the Teaching alone, apparently, will not be enough - it will require a study of the grammar and syntax of Agni Yoga texts, as well as the alphabet of the Russian language in which the Teaching was given.
What I found on different sites about Russian words. You can go to the sites themselves using the link and read other information - something that seemed uninteresting or controversial to me. In particular, there are practically no religious meanings of words here. The point of view that most of the words with the particle Ra means the Divine light by the name of the God of the Sun Ra - paradise, joy, rainbow, beautiful - for all its attractiveness, it does not seem to me proven, something is doubtful that we had the same God as in Ancient Egypt....
The word "sorcerer" comes from the distorted Russian "kolyadun" - the one who carols during the winter Christmas time (carols) celebrated in Russia from December 23 to 31.
From School etymological dictionary of the Russian language
ORANGE- .... literally "Chinese apple"
THE GOD- Indo-European, related to ancient Indian bhada
"master", Persian baga "master, god". Initial value -
"giving, dressing master; share, happiness, wealth." Religious significance is secondary
CHEESECAKE- in ancient Persia, the god Vatra - the guardian of the home
hearth, 23 lunar day His day and therefore you need to drink more milk,
eat cottage cheese and other dairy products, bake "VATRUSHKI" in which
roast the nuts well. The indicated etymological connection is not just
coincidence, it also testifies to the cultural kinship of the Slavs and
Persians, and about their origin from the same root. Oral Avestan
legends say that a very long time ago, more than 40 thousand years ago, on
mainland Arctida in the Arctic Ocean there was a civilization
Aryans. In ancient times, this continent was called "Khair" - sometimes it
translates as "bear". As a result of some natural
cataclysm Arctida sank to the bottom of the ocean at the same time
Atlantis, Pacifida and Lemuria. The surviving Aryans went out to
North-East of Europe and in the Cis-Urals created a state
education - northern Khairat. Some of them went on, eventually
which in the Volga region, on a vast territory from the Urals to the Caspian Sea, another
one Khairat, where the prophet Zerathustra lived many thousands of years later (or
Zarathushtra) - Son of the Star. The words "Khair", "arias", "Haraiti"
(apparently, "Khairaiti" is an ancient name Ural mountains) have one
root. As a result of several invasions of nomadic peoples from Asia
the Aryans were forced to leave their habitable places. They passed the Northern and
Eastern Europe(their descendants here are Slavs, Balts, Scandinavians,
Scythians who have already left the historical arena). Some reached the West and
Southern Europe, others moved through Asia Minor to Persia and India.
This was the way of our ancient relatives - the Avestan and Vedic
Aryans. There was a mixture of cultures. In India, the Vedas were created by the Aryans,
those. "Knowledge" (cf. the verb "know"); in Persia for several millennia
later, the knowledge of the ancients was restored and recorded in writing
Aryans - Avesta (single-root words - "news" and "conscience"), i.e.
sacred knowledge of cosmic laws. The language of the ancient Aryans is Sanskrit.
It served as the basis for the Indo-European languages, including the language
ancient parsis
DOCTOR- formed with the help of suf. -who from lie to "speak".
Initially - "talking, magician."
From the book of V.D. OsipovaRussians in the mirror of their language
True- that's what it really is. Truth from "is", more precisely from "ist", as this word was pronounced in antiquity.
It reminded me of the European verbs "is" - is, est, ist .....
Goodbye! Means "forgive me all the insults, you will not see me again." It means that this meeting was the last in this world, and therefore the custom of dying forgiveness, absolution of sins comes into play. The French and Italians in this case say "to God!" (respectively "adye" and "addio").
Too much from "too", that is, "with dashingly." Everything that was beyond measure was considered thin, evil, dashing. From "famously" also: "surplus", "superfluous".
burn. Literally: "ascend". In the old days, instead of "up" they said"woe". Hence the "room" (light room upstairs).
Good. Literally: "pleasing to Horos." Words are formed in a similar way in other languages. In English, "gud" is a good consonant "year" - god. The same is true in German: "gut" - good and "goth" - god.
Witch. Literally, "one who knows". The witch has access to knowledge unknown to others. From the same basis "to know" comes the name of the Vedas, the sacred books of the Vedic religion.
Garnish literally means "decoration". French "garnish" means "to decorate". It is related to the Latin "ornament" and the Ukrainian "garnius" - beautiful. One of the first to use the word "garnish" in its current meaning was N.V. Gogol. In "Dead Souls" we read: "... garnish, garnish any more ... And in the lining to the sturgeon let the beets with an asterisk."
Month. To count the times and in ancient times served and shifts lunar phases. The Russians also called the moon the month. Turning to the solar chronology, the Slavs did not abandon familiar word"month", and began to call them 1/12 of the year. In one of his poems, M. Yu. Lermontov writes:
The moon changed six times;
The war is long over...
In this "moon changed" instead of "a month passed" an echo of the former, lunar chronology, inherited by the Muslim world.
The English Moon and month are also remembered.
The origin of the word barbarian is very interesting. AT Ancient Russia the Greek letter β (beta) was read as the Russian "V" (ve). Therefore, such Greek names as Barbara, we pronounce Barbara, Balthazar - Balthazar. Our Basil - in ancient Greek Basileus, which means "royal". Rebecca became Rebekah and Benedict became Benedict. The god of wine Bacchus became Bacchus, Babylon became Babylon, Sebastopolis became Sevastopol, and Byzantium became Byzantium.
The ancient Greeks called all foreigners barbarians - barbaros. This word was borrowed by the Romans, derived from it barbaria began to mean: "rudeness", "ignorance". The Greek barbaros gave in Russian "barbarian": an ignorant, cruel, brutal person.
AT Ancient Greece medicine was at a very high stage of development. A lot of words created by Greek doctors thousands of years ago still exist in all languages, including Russian. For example, surgery.
The word for the Greeks simply meant "needlework", "craft", from khir - "hand" and ergon - "to do". The word chirurgis (chirurgis) in Greek means... "hairdresser"!
Who remembers that in not so distant times, hairdressers-barbers not only shaved and cut their clients, but also pulled teeth, bled, put leeches and even performed small surgical operations, that is, they performed the duties of surgeons. Pushkin's " Captain's daughter" written:
"I was treated by the regimental barber, for there was no other doctor in the fortress."
From the root khir and palmistry: divination along the lines of the palm.
In zoology, the name of one of the lizards is known - hirot, given to it because its paws look like human hands.
And anatomy is a Greek word. So it's a "cut".
The origin of the word diphtheria is interesting. In ancient Greece, diftera simply meant skin, a skin taken from a dead animal, a film. The skin rotted and became a breeding ground for germs. Then any sticky disease began to be called diphtheria, but this name was preserved only for diphtheria, an acute contagious disease, most often affecting the tonsils of the pharynx and larynx.
Toxin means "poison". This word went through a complex evolution before it got its present meaning.
In ancient Greece, toksikon meant "pertaining to archery." Arrows were smeared with poisonous plant juice, and gradually this juice began to be called a toxin, that is, poison.
When did Greece appear firearms, antediluvian bows were forgotten, but the old meaning of the word toxin - poison remained in the language.
After the invention of the microscope, people saw that some microbes looked like rods; for example, tuberculosis bacillus - "Koch's wand". Here the Greek name for a staff or stick came in handy - a bacterium.
Interestingly, the Latin word bacillum (bacillum) also means "stick". It came in handy to refer to another type of simple organisms - bacilli.
And here are some more new words: microbe, microscope, micron, microphone and many others - formed from the Greek macro - small. And in Greece, this is the name of the children.
In their book One-Storied America, Ilf and Petrov recall their trip to Greece: “We were given a five-year-old boy as an escort. The boy is called “micro” in Greek. .."
We all know the word deli. And a person who loves to eat well, a connoisseur of fine food, in Russian speaking - a glutton, is also called a deli.
This word is made up of two Greek roots: gaster - stomach and nomos - law. It turns out that a grocery store is a person who knows the "laws of the stomach", but now we call people to whom the stomach dictates its own laws.
The word is relatively new: it is not indicated in Russian dictionaries of the late 18th century.
Who knows where the word hard labor comes from?
The Greek word katergon (katergon) meant a large rowing vessel with a triple row of oars. Later, such a vessel was called a galley.
There were many names of ships in the Old Russian language: plows, boats, uchans, boats. The Novgorod charter mentions boats, poroms and katargs. In the Russian Chronicle, according to Nikon's list, we read:
"The boyars took the queen, and noble maidens, and young wives, sent many in ships and katargas to the islands" ("The boyars took the queen, and noble maidens, and young wives, sent many on ships and ships to the islands").
The work of the rowers on these ships was very hard, hard labor! Then they began to imprison criminals on these katargas - ships.
very old word filthy. It is also mentioned in the "Tale of Igor's Campaign, Igor Svyatoslavich, Olgov's grandson":
"And the pagan Kobyakova from Lukomorye, From the iron, great regiments of the Polovtsian, Like a whirlwind rejected ..."
In Latin, paganus (paganus) means "village dweller", "peasant"; in the future, they began to call the pagans like that, since the old beliefs were kept among the peasants for a long time.
French tomatoes romme d "or (pom d" or) -Golden Apple(from the Italian pomi d "oro). But the French themselves call tomatoes tomatoes. The Aztec word came to France from South America. In the 16th century, the Aztecs, the original inhabitants of Mexico, were exterminated by the Spanish conquerors. That's what it is ancient word- tomatoes!
We do not say tomatoes, but tomato juice is called tomato juice
From the site Living Word
boyar. The word boyar comes from the fusion of two words: bo and ardent, where bo is an indication, and ardent is close in meaning to the word bright, fiery. Boyar means he is an ardent husband.
Word marriage in the meaning of matrimony and the word marriage in the meaning of flaw are homonyms, that is, words with the same sound, but in no way related to each other in meaning. The word marriage (matrimony) comes from Old Church Slavonic, in which it meant marriage and is formed from the verb brother (take) using the suffix -k (similar to know-sign). The connection of the word marriage with this verb is confirmed by the expression to marry, and there is also a dialectal brother - to marry, Ukrainian brat - got married. By the way, in those days the word brother meant to carry. There is a version that the reverse process took place - from the word marriage, there was a verb brother.
Word marriage in the meaning of flaw comes from German word brack - defect, defect, which in turn is formed from the verb brechen - to break, to break. This borrowing took place in the time of Peter the Great, and since then there have been two different marriages in the Russian language and one more reason for a joke.
Den - the lair of Ber, the spirit of the elements, whose symbol is the bear. In English, the bear is still called Ber - bear, and also in German - Bär. From the root ber originate such words as amulet, coast.
Poor- the word comes from the word trouble. The poor is not the one who has little money, but the one who is pursued by troubles.
Antonym of the word - word rich It also has nothing to do with money. Rich is the one who carries God within him.
Know, know- the word is related to the Sanskrit veda (usually translated as "know") and words with the root vid (usually translated as "see", "know". compare English wit- to know, to know, to know; witch - witch; witness - a witness, literally it will turn out "seeing"). Both words come from the "Proto-Indo-European root" weid.
Year, year- this word until about the 16th century meant a favorable period of time, and what we now call a year used to be called summer. Hence the words chronicle, chronology. Somewhere since the 16th century, the words year and summer got their contemporary meaning, but at the same time, the word summer is still sometimes used to refer to calendar year, for example, in the word reckoning. Most likely, the words year and year - originated from the same root, but later acquired different meaning. Words such as wait, weather, suitable, pleasing, suitable come from them.
It is noteworthy that in foreign languages branches descended from the root year retained the meaning of something good, auspicious. Compare:
good (English), gut (German), god (Swedish) - good;
God (English), Gott (German) - God.
The words jahr (German), year (English), denoting the year, come from the Slavic root yar. ancient name spring - yara. It turns out that the Germans and the British count the time, if literally translated, by the springs, as we used to count by the summer.
It's like, for example, "Many Summers" - so what happens: that the year and summer have changed places :))))))
Tomorrow, breakfast. The etymology of the words tomorrow and breakfast is exactly the same from the preposition for and the word morning. Tomorrow, that's what will be after the morning.
Nature- this is what the god Rod created, putting a part of himself into his creation. Therefore, the creation of the Family is inextricably linked with it and is with the Family, and this is the essence of nature.
Modest- with chrome. Kroma is a wall, barrier, ramaka, hence the edge. A modest person is a person who limits himself, his behavior, that is, a person with limits, with chrome.
Thanks- save +bo. Thank you - God bless you.
From Wikipedia
"Most of the Proto-Slavic vocabulary is native, Indo-European. However, the long neighborhood with non-Slavic peoples, of course, left its mark on the vocabulary of the Proto-Slavic language.
In the middle of the 1st millennium BC. the language was influenced by the Iranian languages. Basically, this is a cult and military vocabulary: god, rai, Svarog, Khars, ax, grave, sto, bowl, vatra ("fire"), kour, korda ("sword"), for the sake of it.
In the II century. the Slavs encountered the Goths, who were heading from the southern Baltic to the middle reaches of the Dnieper. Most likely, it was then that a significant number of Germanic borrowings (Old. sl. hleb, Russian. bread (*hlaib-) from the Gothic hlaifs; st.-sl.hyzhina, Russian hut (*hūz-) at Pragerm. hūs; st.-sl. knѧѕ, Russian. prince (*kŭnĭng-) from the Gothic. kunings; st.-sl. dish \ dish, Russian. dish (*bjeud-) from the gothic. biuÞs; st.-sl. shtouzhd, russian alien (*tjeudj- and others) from the Gothic. Þiuda (hence German Deutsch), st.-sl. sword, Russian sword (*mekis) from the Gothic. *mekeis."
From the site of the Slavs
The Indo-European name of the bear was lost, which was preserved in Greek - άρκτος, reproduced in the modern term "Arctic". In the Proto-Slavic language, it was replaced by the taboo phrase *medvědъ - "honey eater". This designation is now common Slavonic. The Indo-European name of the sacred tree among the Slavs turned out to be forbidden. We find the old Indo-European root *perkuos in the Latin quercus and in the name of the pagan god Perun. Of course sacred tree in the common Slavic language, and then in the Slavic languages \u200b\u200bthat developed from it, it acquired a different form - * dǫb
...... Actually, the name Arthur means bear ... although there is another option - bear, or Beorn, that is, Ber. Some believe that the name of the capital of Germany, Berlin, came from this word.
As well as:
Idiot
the Greek word [idiot] did not originally contain even a hint of mental illness. In ancient Greece, it meant "private person", "separate, isolated person." It's no secret that the ancient Greeks were public life very responsibly and called themselves "polites". Those who shied away from participating in politics (for example, did not go to the polls) were called "idiotes" (that is, they were only occupied with their personal narrow interests). Naturally, conscious citizens did not respect "idiots", and soon this word acquired new contemptuous shades - "limited, undeveloped, ignorant person." And already among the Romans, the Latin idiota means only "ignorant, ignorant", from where there are two steps to the meaning of "stupid".
Scoundrel
But this word is Polish in origin and meant only "a simple, humble person." So, the well-known play by A. Ostrovsky "Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man" was shown in Polish theaters under the title "Notes of a scoundrel". Accordingly, all non-gentry belonged to the "vile people".
Rogue
Rogue, rogue - words that came into our speech from Germany. The German schelmen meant "swindler, deceiver". Most often, this was the name of a fraudster posing as another person. In G. Heine's poem "Chelm von Berger", this role is played by the Bergen executioner, who appeared at a secular masquerade, pretending to be a noble person. The duchess, with whom he danced, caught the deceiver by tearing off his mask.
Mymra"Mymra" is a Komi-Permyak word and it is translated as "gloomy". Once in Russian speech, it began to mean, first of all, an uncommunicative homebody (in Dahl's dictionary it is written: "mymrit" - to sit at home without getting out.") Gradually, they began to call "mymra" simply an unsociable, boring, gray and gloomy person.
bastard
"Bastards" - in Old Russian the same thing as "dragging". Therefore, the bastard was originally called all sorts of garbage, which was raked into a heap. This meaning (among others) is also preserved by Dahl: "A bastard is everything that is skewered or dragged into one place: weeds, grass and roots, litter, dragged by a harrow from arable land." Over time, this word began to define ANY crowd gathered in one place. And only then they began to call them all kinds of despicable people - drunks, thieves, vagrants and other asocial elements.
Scoundrel
The fact that this person is not fit for something is, in general, understandable ... But in the 19th century, when recruiting was introduced in Russia, this word was not an insult. So they called people who were not fit for military service. That is, if he did not serve in the army, then he is a scoundrel!
Word dude , despite its widespread use, has not yet received a qualified etymology in scientific literature. On the contrary, the word dude , attested at the beginning of the century in thieves' slang in the meaning of "prostitute", was once considered by A.P. Barannikov, who analyzed it as a derivative of gypsies. obviously"guy", i.e. "thief's friend"
Railway station
The word comes from the name of the place "Vauxhall" - a small park and entertainment center near London. The Russian Tsar, who visited this place, fell in love with it - in particular, the railway. Subsequently, he commissioned British engineers to build a small railway from St. Petersburg to his country residence. One of the stations on this section railway called "Vokzal", and this name later became the Russian word for any railway station.
Hooligan
The word bully English origin. According to one version, the surname Houlihan was once worn by a famous London brawler, who caused a lot of trouble for the residents of the city and the police. The surname has become a household name, and the word is international, characterizing a person who grossly violates public order.
Orange
Until the 16th century, Europeans had no idea about oranges at all. Russians, even more so. We don't grow oranges! And then the Portuguese navigators brought these delicious orange balls from China. And they began to trade with their neighbors. In Dutch, "apple" is appel, and "Chinese" is sien. Borrowed from the Dutch language, the word appelsien is a translation of the French phrase Pomme de Chine - "an apple from China."
Doctor
It is known that in the old days they were treated with various conspiracies and spells. The ancient healer said to the sick something like this: “Go away, illness, to the quicksands, to the dense forests ...” And he muttered various words over the ill. The word doctor is originally Slavic and is derived from the word “vrati”, which means “to speak”, “to speak”. Interestingly, from the same word comes “lie”, which for our ancestors also meant “to speak”. It turns out that in ancient times doctors lied? Yes, but this word initially did not contain a negative meaning.
Scammer
Ancient Russia did not know the Turkic word "pocket", because money was then carried in special wallets - purses. From the word "purse" and produced "swindler" - a specialist in thefts from scrotums.
Restaurant
The word "restaurant" means "strengthening" in French. This name was given in the 18th century to one of the Parisian taverns by its visitors after the owner of the Boulanger establishment introduced nutritious meat broth to the number of dishes on offer.
Shit
The word "shit" comes from the Proto-Slavic "govno", which means "cow" and was originally associated only with cow "cakes". "Beef" - "large cattle”, hence the “beef”, “beef”. By the way, from the same Indo-European root and English title cows - cow, as well as the shepherd of these cows - cowboy. That is, the expression "fucking cowboy" is not accidental, it has a deep family connection.
Heaven
One version is that the Russian word for "heaven" comes from "not, no" and "bes, demons" - literally a place free from evil/demons. However, another interpretation is probably closer to the truth. Most Slavic languages have words similar to "sky", and they probably originated from the Latin word for "cloud" (nebula).
Slates
In the Soviet Union, a well-known manufacturer of rubber slippers was the Polymer plant in the city of Slantsy, Leningrad Region. Many buyers believed that the word “Slates” squeezed out on the soles was the name of the shoe. Further, the word entered the active vocabulary and became a synonym for the word "slippers".
nonsense
In the late 17th century, the French physician Gali Mathieu treated his patients with jokes.
He gained such popularity that he did not keep up with all the visits and sent his healing puns by mail.
This is how the word “nonsense” arose, which at that time meant a healing joke, a pun.
The doctor immortalized his name, but at present this concept has a completely different meaning.
Velvet. The Russians got acquainted with velvet itself, and with the word that calls it, most likely, at the auction of Veliky Novgorod back in the 14th century, buying this product from their German neighbors. old german barchat was the name of a coarse camel-hair cloth, and through Late Latin barracanus went back to Arabic barrakā n. We have kept the sound of the German word, but the meaning has changed significantly since then. (By the way, modern German barchent does not mean “velvet”, but “bumazee”.) The Arabic word came to us later again - already through Italian mediation - in the form barakan, barkan and in a meaning much closer to the original source - "woolen upholstery". In the twentieth century, the word barakan forgotten, but nowadays it has become actively used again (however, our dictionaries have not yet had time to react to this change, therefore, in print and on price tags in stores, there are so far two graphic options at once - barakan and baroque).
Young lady. Cm. boyar.
Fable. In Old Russian (and in other ancient Slavic languages) there was a verb bati"speak". One-word words - rhetoric, Baiushki bye, bike(not “matter”, but “funny story”) and others. One of them is just fable. It is formed from bati, as song from sing with the help of the suffix that has now disappeared in the language - sn-.
Bato / n. bâ tone translates as "stick". Initially, the loaves were thin and long. By the way, you may have heard stick sausages and long loaf sausages?
Shoe. Usually this word is erected to the Tatar shoe, in which it denoted not only the type of shoes, but also a one-year-old calf, from the skin of which shoes were sewn.
Tower. It has been noted in written monuments since the 16th century. Borrowed from Polish baszta[bashta] and re-registered according to the type guard-nya,Bell tower etc. The Polish word goes back to the Italian bastia"fortress". This same Italian word was the source of the French words we know as bastion and Bastille.
Accordion. This name of the musical instrument was coined by the Russian harmonist A.F. Orlansky-Titarenko in honor of the ancient Russian poet Boyan (or Bayan), known to us from the Tale of Igor's Campaign and who became one of the characters in Pushkin's poem Ruslan and Lyudmila. As for the name of this poet, there are two possible explanations. On the one hand, one can see in the name the root boj(how in fighter). There is nothing surprising in the fact that the poet bears such a name - the harp and the sword at that harsh time could well have been in the same hands, and the chanter could have been a magnificent warrior. On the other hand, there is a temptation to compare Accordion with that bati from which the word is derived fable(cm.).
Vigilant. Literally "one who watches". Verb watch originally meant "not to sleep, to be alert" (cf. peppy), then "be careful".
Trouble. This ancient common Slavic word is associated with beat, afraid(alternating e from h / and how in fun – silence) or with butt(alternating e/o very common in Indo-European languages), the original meaning of which is "stab".
Beige. Borrowed in the 20th century. french beige[beige] originally meant "colors of undyed, unbleached wool". The word first penetrated into the Russian language in an indeclinable form close to the source language (colors beige), but then took shape with the help of the suffix familiar to Russian adjectives - ev- (as lilac).
Free of charge. Derived from Old Russian bribe"pay". original form - gratuitous. The form gratuitous arose by analogy with the noun retribution(cm.).
Ugliness. Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic, where the word is a literal translation of the Greek ’ , where 'a- a prefix with the meaning of negation, and the root is the same as in the word scheme(cm.). The Slavs translated the prefix as without-, and for the root they took one of its meanings - “image”. It turns out that ugliness is the absence of an image, a form.
Squirrel. In old Russian this animal was called vhveritsa. In autumn, the squirrel sheds, its fur loses its reddish hue, becomes light. They were called bhla(i.e. "white") vhveritsa, and it was on them that the hunt was going on. Gradually, the phrase was reduced to bhla, and then took shape with a suffix - to-.
Blond. The word is often interpreted as blond. However, this is the so-called folk etymology. In fact, the second root in this compound word is not connected with curls, but with the old word smoke"dust", i.e. blond - as if powdered with white dust.
White. One of the oldest color designations. Derived from an Indo-European root * bha-/*bhe- with the meaning "shine, shine, shine." It is no coincidence that we often use this word in the meaning of "light".
Petrol. Do you like the smell of gasoline? Hardly. But it turns out that the original meaning of the Arabic word, to which the word petrol- Javanese incense. Europeans borrowed this word from the Arabs in the Middle Ages. In medieval Latin, it looked like benzoe, and in French it became gasoline. It was from the French that we borrowed it in the 19th century.
Shore. Among the ancient Slavs and Germans, this word originally meant "mountain" (cf. German Berg"mountain" is actually the same word, which has somewhat changed in the Slavic languages) and could only name a high bank.
Birch. Indo-European root in this word * bha-/*bhe-, i.e. the same as in the word white. Probably, it is not necessary to explain with what sign of a tree its name is associated.
Beret. The French called the hats worn by the Basques (a people in Spain living on the border with France), and at the beginning long way of this word is medieval Latin birrum"cloak with a hood". The word came to us from the French language in the 18th century.
Bes. the same root as afraid, trouble (*oi before a consonant in Slavic languages changed into i or h). The original meaning of the word is "terrible, terrible." From the word demon words are formed enrage, rage, furious- all of them are connected with the idea that a demon can inhabit a person and make him insane.
Conversation. Formed in Old Russian from the phrase without a gray hair, where without- an adverb with the meaning "outside, outside", and gray hair- a noun meaning "sitting". Originally it meant a bench in the fresh air, where it was pleasant to sit and talk about this and that (by the way, in many dialects of the Russian language pergola, conversation still called a bench - for example, in a boat or on a high bank of the river not far from the house). And then the development of the meaning went in two directions: the first - "bench outside the house" - "bench (benches) under a canopy" - hence alcove; the second - "a bench on which you can talk" - "the conversation itself", i.e. conversation.
Careless. Literally, "one who baked, i.e. does not care about anything.” Wed sadness(cm.).
Mad. Cm. demon.
Library. Goes back to Greek from "book" (cf. Bible) and "stock". In the Old Russian language of the 11th-14th centuries, the Greek word was simply translated in parts - it turned out bookseller, bookkeeper(cf. modern book depository). There was also direct borrowing - it sounded like vivliofika(Greek perceived by the Russians as in, although it was a sound intermediate between [b] and [c], Greek - how f, and the Greek - how and). The ancient Romans borrowed this word from the ancient Greeks, and it was in their perception that the word sounded the way it sounds now, since it was the borrowing from Latin in the 15th century it became entrenched in our country, displacing all the others.
Bido/n. What a can looks like, everyone imagines. But what a can looked like in ancient times is hard to imagine. Judge for yourself: we borrowed this word from French, where bidon meant "jar, flask, bowler hat" - how many at once! The source of the French word is not entirely clear: this or the Greek "barrel", or Scandinavian bida"vase".
Ticket. Goes back to French ticket, which is a diminutive of bulle, borrowed from Latin bulla"note, bulla". It came into the Russian language at the beginning of the 18th century.
Bandage. German Binde"bandage, bow, bandage, tie" goes back to the verb binden"tie up". It entered the Russian language in the first half of the 19th century.
Biology. This word was created by the outstanding French naturalist J. Lamarck in 1802 on the basis of Greek words "life and "speech, teaching" according to the model of the names of sciences phylology(philology), thé ologie(theology), etc. The name of the new science got into the Russian language almost immediately - in the very early XIX century.
Bis. This exclamation, requiring repeated execution, came to us from the French language in the same way as the exclamation Bravo(which is why, by the way, true theatergoers still shout bravo! with the stress on the last syllable, as in French). Pro Bravo further speech (cf. gallant), and as for bis, then translated from Latin, from where the French borrowed it, it means "twice, two times."
Bisector. Borrowed from French in the 19th century, and into French from Latin, where bissectrix means "cutting in two".
Steak. English beefsteaks – plural from beefsteak, consisting of beef"beef, meat" and steak"piece, chunk" The word came to us in the 19th century, and why it turned out to be borrowed in the plural, guess for yourself.
Beach. This word has an ancient suffix - h- with the help of which it is formed from beat.
Good. The Old Slavonic version of the ancient common Slavic word, which in the Old Russian language sounded like bologo(cf. station name Bologoe between Moscow and Petersburg). It meant "good, happiness" and was widely used for education. compound words (splendor, favor, euphony etc.)
Blissful. Old Slavonic word formed from the verb goodness in the meaning of "praise, honor" (from good). The original meaning "revered" usually referred to saints (cf. St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow). Since the holy man often subjected himself to hardships, looked like an eccentric, a new meaning has developed for both the verb and the adjective.
Form. Borrowed at the beginning of the 19th century from French. french blanc means “white”, hence the new meanings developed in French as “a gap in a document”, “a document in which it is necessary to fill in the gaps”.
Blat. The word penetrated into the Russian literary language from the thieves' jargon at the beginning of the 20th century. Thieves' jargon, replete with borrowings from a wide variety of languages, borrowed this word from Polish or from Hebrew, where Blat"close".
Crap. The word originally looked like mlyn. Formed from a verb grind and meant "made from ground (i.e., from flour)".
Notebook. Borrowed from French in the 20th century. The French adopted the word from the British, where block"connection, group" (hence the Russian word block), notes"notes".
Beaver. A very ancient word. Related to Russian brown(only in word beaver even in the Indo-European language there was a doubling b) and German Bä r"bear". The name for the coat color may have been taboo.
God. The word has one-root parallels in the ancient Indian and ancient Persian languages, where it meant "lord, giver", as well as "happiness".
Rich. Formed with the suffix - at- from the God, obviously, in the meaning of "happiness".
Rich / p. Old Russian borrowing from the Turkic languages, where the word goes back to the ancient Mongolian ba atur"brave warrior"
Bohemia. The word is associated with the ancient name of the Czech Republic - Bohemia. In Europe, it was believed that the gypsies came from these lands, hence the French boheme in the meaning of “gypsy, gypsy life”, and then “people who do not have a stable way of life, leading a hectic lifestyle, etc.” ( artistic Bohemia). From French, the word penetrated into Russian in the second half of the 19th century.
Bo/dry. Formed with the ancient suffix - R- from the same basis as keep watch, watch,wake up(cf. wet from wet, get wet). alternation o/o/zero sound how in ambassador - send - promise(cm.) .
Bo/yky. the same root as the battle, fighter, beat. The original meaning is "pugnacious".
Swamp. The ancient Indo-European word looked something like this: * baltas- and it was an adjective with the meaning "white" (it is in this form and with this meaning that it has survived to this day in the Lithuanian language; it is possible that the Lithuanians themselves, as well as Latvians and some other peoples, were called Balts for the light color of the eyes and hair). Of course, the question arises why the swamp is white. This is due to the whitish color of marshy soil or the same whitish color of marsh grass.
Bomb. latin bombus"noise, buzz". It was for the sound emitted by the projectile that the Italians called it the word bomba dating back to Latin. From Italian, the word penetrated into French, and from it into Russian at the beginning of the 18th century.
Bor. Originally meant not Pine forest”, and “pine”. The tree got its name for its sharp needles ( boron erected to the ancient Indo-European root bher- with the meaning "to prick", "to be sharp"; obviously the same root beard, harrow; see also ram).
Borzopi / set. In the monuments, this word, meaning one who writes quickly, has been found since the 15th century. Formed from an adjective greyhound"quick" (cf. greyhound- breed of hunting dogs") and the verb write. Now the word is usually used in an ironic sense (about many and fast, but badly written writers, journalists, etc.), but in Muscovite Russia it was praise.
Botany. Borrowed from German in the 18th century. The name of science arose in ancient Greek, where it was derived from "plant". The Romans borrowed the word from the Greeks, and from the Latin language the word got into the languages of Europe.
Boots/nok. Borrowed from French in the early 19th century, first as boot because it was a noun in the source language female. french bottine- diminutive form of bottom"boot" (word bots we also borrowed from there and at the same time). It turns out that initially bots are boots, boots- boots. The French also had a special name for long boots, which we also borrowed from them - this over the knee boots.
Barrel. It is probably easy to guess that the same root for this name of a large vessel is the word side. And here's why - you can choose: either because it's "bocked", or because it originally lay on its side and the outlet was on the side.
Boyar. There is no generally accepted etymology for this word. Possibly the same root as fighter, beat, because in war time the boyars were at the head of the combat detachments. In ancient Russian monuments, the form boyar, which makes it possible to connect with pain(large, senior). There are supporters of borrowing from the Turkic languages, although there is no reliable parallel. As you know, the word meant tribal nobility, especially privileged people. Constricted forms appeared in Russian master from boyar, as well as lady from noblewoman, young lady from hawthorn.
Afraid. Obviously related in origin to beat- the one who was beaten was afraid, they were afraid, first of all, of beatings. alternation and/oh (-a- here is a suffix, and the battle- root) as in drink – swill. The same root in words trouble, demon.
Gallant. In Latin bravus meant “wild, rude”, in French and Italian the meaning was transformed - “brave, brave; fair; well done". At the beginning of the 19th century, Russians borrowed an adjective from French, and an exclamation from Italian (or also from French) Bravo(see also bis).
Marriage. Meaning "marriage" marriage- ancient formation from the verb take(to marry, husbands). Homonym marriage"defect" goes back to German Brack“lack, worthless goods” and came into the Russian language through Polish mediation in the 17th century.
Scold. Borrowed from the Old Slavonic language (Old Russian would be Boron) in the meaning of "battle" (cf. field scolding) and goes back to the same root as fight, defense. The meaning of "swearing" arose relatively recently as a metaphor (to scold - to fight in words).
A bracelet. Borrowed from French in the 18th century. french bracelet derived from a noun bras"hand".
Rave. Formed from a verb wander/to wander meaning "to move, to pass" (cf. ford). Obviously, delirium was perceived as a constant transition from one topic to another.
Burden. Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic. Formation from the verb take, I takeme (-men-). The ancient meaning is “burden, heaviness” (cf. proper Russian dialect taking“an armful (herbs, firewood), etc.”, as well as pregnant), like many Old Slavonicisms, was replaced by a more abstract one - “duty, life's hardships”.
Brig / yes. Came to us from French through Polish at the beginning of the 18th century. french brigade means "military detachment", "artel", "team". We originally borrowed it precisely as a military term (meaning "type of military unit" brigade still in use today). The word came to the French from Italian, where Brigata has, along with the military meanings "crowd", "group", "company", "society" and is formed from briga"dispute", "quarrel", "troublesome business".
Brigadi / r. Borrowed from German in the early 18th century. Initially, it was the designation of a military rank. German Brigadier borrowed from French, where it is derived from brigade"military unit" (cf. brigade).
Brooch. Borrowed in the first half of the 19th century from French, where broche originally meant "pin".
Brochure. In French brochure- "stitched" (from the verb brocher"sew"). It entered the Russian language at the beginning of the 19th century.
Trousers. Borrowed in the second half of the 18th century from the Dutch language. Originally meant "wide canvas sailor pants" (as the word is interpreted in dictionaries of the late XVIII – start 19th century). Dutch Broek(pronounced [bruk]) "pants" should have been transmitted in Russian as Brooke(such pronunciation in common speech can still be heard), but for a soft pronunciation R the now forgotten name of the woolen fabric could have influenced trousers(from Bruges, the name of a city in Flanders).
Tambourine. An ancient onomatopoeic word, originally imitating the buzzing of a bee. By the way, the Latin bombus(cm. bomb). From the word tambourine verb formed mumble.
Bagel. Borrowed in the 19th century from the Ukrainian language. The original meaning is “water bubble” (in the Ukrainian language there used to be a word without a diminutive suffix - bubel). The name conveyed the sound that occurs if the bubble bursts, i.e. here the same onomatopoeic complex as the word tambourine. Name bakery product arose as a result of a metaphorical transfer in form - earlier bagels looked more like donuts.
Wake up. Cm. peppy.
Booth. There was a word in German boude(same root as the verb bauen“build”) - “hut, building”. It first hit Polish language, and from there to Russian, where it sounded like buda. Word booth- diminutive form of buda.
Weekdays. Plural of weekday, originated as an abbreviation for weekday day, where weekday - derived from a verb wake up. Weekdays the days when we are awake.
Letter. Dating back to gothic boca"letter", derived from the name of the tree beech, the boards from which were used for writing (German Buch, English boock"book" - the same root).
Pin. A diminutive form of mace. The first pins resembled a mace in shape: a needle with a glass ball planted on its blunt end. It is because of this ball at the end mace got its name (in the Old Russian language there was a word bula"cone")
Bu/lka. the same root as mace, pin, bula(another word of the same root - cobblestone). The original meaning is "ball". True, the “bread” meaning of this word came to us from Poland only in the 17th century, along with the rolls themselves.
Bulldozer. Borrowed from in English in the 50s of the twentieth century. English bulldozer derived from the verb to bulldoze"break large pieces of land."
Bouillon. Borrowed from French in the 18th century. french bouillon"decoction" from the verb bouillir"boil, cook"
Paper. Old Russian borrowing from Italian. Italian bambagis"cotton, cotton paper" (cf. cotton fabric) goes back to Latin bombacium"Same". In Latin (and also in Greek), the name of cotton came from Persian.
Riot. It came to the Old Russian language from Polish, where it meant not only “mutiny, uprising, conspiracy”, but also “union”. It was in this last meaning, which was the original, that the word penetrated into Polish from the German language, where Bunt"union" goes back to the verb binden"bind". The connection between the meanings is quite clear: people organize an alliance, conspire and organize a rebellion.
Beech/shka. Initially – onomatopoeic word: element boo- conveyed the buzz of the beetle. the same root as bull(see) - alternation u/s how in cool – shame. see also bee.
Letter. Considered a borrowing from Gothic, where bō ka"letter" is derived from Old Germanic bō kō "beech (tree)" - the letters were carved on beech planks. This origin makes us wonder who we learned the letters from. Our Slavic writing was invented by the Greek monk Cyril-Konstantin (see. ABC), but his student Chernorizet Khrabr, talking about the creation of the alphabet, notes that earlier the Slavs used “features and cuts” - perhaps these were Germanic written characters, learning which we learned a new word. True, no reliable traces of ancient pre-Cyrillic writing have yet been found among the Slavs.
Bouquet. Borrowed in the middle of the 18th century from French, where bouquet- a diminutive form of Old French boss"forest", therefore, originally meant "wood". Further development of the meaning: “bundle (of twigs brought from the forest)”, then “bundle of greenery, flowers”, “bouquet”.
Bourgeois/. The ancient Germans called the word burg city (hence the final design of many city names in different European countries, including Russia - Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Orenburg etc.). The Romans adopted this word from them as burgus, in french word took the form bourg, and from it the word was formed bourgeois, which means "citizen, city dweller" (cf. tradesman). The word came into Russian from French in the second half of the 19th century. By the way, in German from the word burg also formed the name of a city dweller, which, once in the Russian language, sounds like burgher.
Burla / k. Formed from the word burlo“screamer, noisy person” (this was also the name of the largest bell in the bell tower), which is associated with the origin of the onomatopoeic verb grumble. For a person leaving the village to work (namely, this is the original meaning of the word burlak), in the village itself they looked disapprovingly, they believed that he did not want to work, he would only make noise, shout.
A sandwich. german word butterbrot made up of words Butter"oil" and Brot"bread". Obviously, it would be necessary to write this word with a final t(so they wrote in the 19th century, when the word was only borrowed), but over time, the final appeared d under the influence of other words with a final consonant, which is pronounced as deaf, but is written voiced. This is the so-called hyper-correction - when they write incorrectly for the best of intentions.
Bud. Borrowed from French in the middle of the 19th century. In French button- "kidney".
Bottle. Diminutive form of Latin buttis"barrel" - butticula- in French began to look like bouteille, and having got from it into Polish, - as butelka. Well, from Polish word came to us, taking on the form familiar to us.
Accountant. Borrowed from German in the early 18th century. German Buchhalter formed from two words: Buch"book" and Halter"holder". Thus, accountant- Keeper of books of income and expenses.
Would. In the Old Russian language, it was not a particle, but a completely independent form of the 3rd person singular aorist (past perfect tense) from the verb to be.
Bull. The ancient Indo-Europeans transmitted lowing or buzzing with the help of combinations would, boo. It is on the basis of such onomatopoeia that words are created. bull, bug. see also bee.
Gen. Formed from a verb to be with the ancient suffix - t-. Originally meant "property". It has been used in its modern meaning since the 19th century.
Bulletin/n. This word has the same root as ticket(see), since it goes back to the same Latin word bulla. Only this time, the word became a diminutive in Italian, and the French borrowed Italian bulletino, converting it to bulletin and giving it a whole range of new meanings, including "magazine" and "ballot". It was in these meanings that the Russians borrowed the word bulletin the French in the 18th century.
The Bureau/. It all started with a Latin word burra"wool". In French, it has become bureau and gradually began to acquire new meanings: “rough cloth”, then “a table covered with such cloth”, finally, “an institution where such tables stand”. The Russians borrowed the word from the French the Bureau in the XVIII century, and at first both in the meaning of "desk", and in the meaning of "office, office". Now the first of them is almost forgotten.
All in. In French, this is a whole sentence, meaning "goes to (the whole) bank" (we are talking about a bet in a game of chance when a player plays for everything that is at stake). It penetrated into the Russian language in the 19th century.