Russian language exam task 6 test. The endings of plural nouns in the nominative case. Fruits and vegetables
For this task you can get 1 point on the exam in 2019
The topic of task 6 of the USE in the Russian language is the formation of word forms in Russian. The question contains several small phrases or phrases, one or more of which is misspelled. Get ready to see phrases like "I did the MOST DECIDENT" or "BICKED APPLE" on this list - the words to look out for are highlighted capital letters, in italics or otherwise. Your task is to find an erroneous version of the construction of the form of the word and indicate it. Each task contains phrases with "problem" words of all parts of speech, and any of them can be wrong.
Task No. 6 of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language is considered one of the most voluminous and complex. What is needed for its successful implementation? You need to know not only general rules, but also typical mistakes in word formation. To our common luck, most of the morphological norms are assimilated, if not in early childhood, then in primary school, and when preparing for exams, they should not cause difficulties. However, the developers of questions for the exam tried to use words in the tickets, in the use of which even educated adults make mistakes. The way out of the situation is only to remember how complex words are formed and declined.
This task is to test the general literacy of the student, therefore, to prepare for it, you can use not only online USE tests in the Russian language or textbooks on this subject used in our schools, but also any dictionaries. In addition, you can notice the correctness of word formation when reading fiction as well as when watching movies and TV shows. The score for this task is added to the rest - previous and subsequent. Alternatively, you can test your knowledge on only one topic by solving task No. 6 of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language.
Task number 6 tests the ability of students to educate various forms words. It is necessary to find a word in it, the form of which is formed with an error, and write it correctly; for this you can get one primary point.
Theory for assignment No. 6 USE in the Russian language
Many graduates have problems with the formation of forms plural various words. In order to prevent them, we provide some theoretical information using the words encountered in the exam.
Grammatical norms of nouns
Plural noun endings nominative case
| Plural endings. case Y/I | Plural ending im. case A/Z |
|---|---|
| Accountant | The address |
| Age | bill of exchange |
| Rebuke | Heap |
| stylus | Director |
| Driver | Doctor |
| Dispatcher | boat |
| Treaty | Kitel |
| Engineer | Body |
| Instructor | Dome |
| Compressor | Bell |
| Constructor | Coachman |
| Container | Order |
| healer | Ham |
| Month | county |
| Player | Cook |
| Policy | Cellar |
| Port | Professor |
| Handwriting | Belt |
| spotlight | Passport |
| Poodle | Variety |
| Rector | Stack |
| Editor | watchman |
| locksmith | Tenor |
| Sweater | Terem |
| Tractor | Poplar |
| Sniper | Farm |
| carpenter | Stamp |
| report card | Anchor |
| Turner | Paramedic |
| Cake | Vacation |
| Trainer | |
| Outbuilding | |
| Front | |
| Chauffeur |
Genitive Plural Noun Endings
In the genitive plural of words denoting various fruits and vegetables, the ending "-ov" is almost always used:
- a lot of pineapples, bananas, lemons, tomatoes.
It is important to remember the following exceptions: melons, plums, apples
AT genitive case plural of words denoting paired objects often turns out to be null ending:
- a lot of shoe covers, boots, boots, sneakers, shorts, stockings, shoes.
Important to remember: a lot of breeches, golfs, socks
The null ending will also be in the genitive plural of words denoting nationalities:
- many Bulgarians, Buryats, Georgians, Romanians, Tatars
Important to remember: many Mongols, Tajiks, Croats, Yakuts
Also, the zero ending is used in the words of the genitive plural, denoting some military professions:
- midshipman, grenadier, hussar, partisan, soldier
Important to remember: many sappers
The genitive plural of various units of measurement also has a zero ending:
- ampere, arshin, byte, megabyte, volt, watt
But: grams, hectares, kilograms
The genitive plural for words ending in "-tse" is formed with the ending "-ets":
- many saucers, mirrors, blankets, towels
However: many trees, windows
The ending "-y" will occur in the genitive plural of words ending in "-ya" or "-ye":
- many nesting places, food, tombstones, necklaces, cookies, coasts, seats, mutilations.
Important to remember: many roots, rags, dresses, apprentices, lands, flakes, rooks, spears, guns
The ending "-ey" will be in the genitive case of the plural of words that end in "and" in the nominative case:
- a lot of weekdays, dumbbells, tablecloths, mangers, palms
Declension of nouns
Declension of numerals also causes difficulties for some people. In the numerals "forty, ninety, one hundred" in the genitive, dative, instrumental and prepositional cases of the plural, the ending "-a" is added:
- forty, ninety, one hundred
In the numerals "fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty" both parts of the words change, for example, fifty - fifty. Two parts also change in the words "two hundred, three hundred, four hundred", for example, three hundred - three hundred - three hundred - about three hundred. The words "five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred" are declined according to the following pattern: seven hundred - seven hundred - seven hundred - seven hundred - seven hundred - about seven hundred. In the declension of compound numerals, all parts of the word must be changed: three thousand eight hundred twenty-seven - three thousand eight hundred twenty-seven - three thousand eight hundred twenty-seven - three thousand eight hundred twenty-seven - about three thousand eight hundred twenty-seven.
It is very important to decline ordinal numbers correctly: only the last word before the noun changes in them, for example:
- two thousand and seventeen - in two thousand and seventeen (you can't say "in two thousand and seventeen"!)
When using the words "both" and "both", you must always agree with the nouns:
- on both streets (not both); in both houses (not both).
Morphological norms of verbs
You also need to remember the shapes following words imperative mood:
| lie down | lie down | lie down |
| drive | drive | drive |
| ride | ride | drive |
| look | look | look |
| wave | wave | wave |
| run away | run | run |
| pour out | rashes | pour out |
| put | put your luggage | put down |
Both present and future tenses:
It is important to remember the correct spelling of words and combinations:
- cut your hair, slip, emphasize, handwriting, mock, get off the bus (do not go), get wet, cold, get stronger, sit down
Comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives
The comparative degree of adjectives can be simple and compound: warmer (simple), warmer (compound). Both of these forms cannot be combined: warmer is a grammatical error.
The superlative degree of adjectives can be simple and compound: the warmest (simple), the warmest (compound). Both of these forms cannot be combined: the warmest is a grammatical error.
Task execution algorithm
- Read the assignment carefully.
- We read the proposed words and phrases (preferably pronouncing them or using them in a sentence).
- We recall the grammatical nomes of the Russian language in the field of word formation (theory).
- Looking for the misspelled word.
- Write down the correct answer correct form the words).
Analysis of typical options for task No. 6 USE in the Russian language
The sixth task of the demo 2018
- experienced TRAINERS
- on BOTH sides
- sounds less LOUD
- RIDE FORWARD
- no SHOES
Execution algorithm:
- Read the assignment carefully.
- Experienced trainers engaged in the preparation of the team. New alarm sounds less loud. Ride forward along the alley. She has no shoes for an evening out.
- Experienced trainers trainer. Sounds less loud- the correct form of the comparative degree of the adverb loud. Ride is the correct plural imperative form. H em shoes shoe.
- The word BOTH is misspelled. With a noun female there should be the word BOTH - BOTH sides.
Answer: both
The first version of the task
In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
- Ride straight
- white GOLF
- the best TRAINERS
- THREE FIFTH
- folded towels
Execution algorithm:
- Read the assignment carefully.
- We read the proposed words and phrases, trying to use them in sentences: Ride straight on the way to. Our team the best coaches. Donate three-fifths all stocks. She packed her bag folded towels and underwear.
- Ride straight- correctly formed imperative mood of the verb drive. The best coaches- the correct plural form of the nominative case of a noun trainer. three-fifths- in compound numerals, all parts are declined. Folded towels- with a prefix we use a verb -lie-.
- The word GOLF is misspelled. This is one of the "exceptions" to the formation of the plural of words - designations of clothing items.
Answer: golf
The second version of the assignment
In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
- wave hand
- LATER
- THREE inspectors
- our HOLIDAYS
- by TWO THOUSAND FIFTEENTH
Execution algorithm:
- Read the assignment carefully.
- We read the proposed words and phrases, trying to use them in sentences: I wave my hand mom. later period of the artist's work. Three inspectors came to a unanimous decision. Our holidays have been approved.
- I wave my hand- correctly formed 1 person singular of the present tense from the verb wave. later- correctly formed superlative form of the verb late. Three inspectors- correctly educated R.p. plural of verb inspector. Our holidays- plural of noun vacation.
- This assignment illustrates common mistake in declension of numbers. As mentioned above, only the word closest to the noun should be declined in them. Correct option: by the year two thousand and fifteen.
Answer: two thousand and fifteen.
The third version of the task
In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
- LESS crisp
- aubergine caviar
- WAVE
- administrative DISTRICTS
- FIFTY tasks
Execution algorithm:
- Read the assignment carefully.
- We read the proposed words and phrases, trying to use them in sentences: less clear picture. Eggplant caviar turned out to be a hit. Administrative districts reacted to the statement. Control presented fifty tasks.
- less clear- correctly formed comparative degree of the adjective clear. Eggplant caviar– correct plural form of the genitive case of a noun eggplant - REMEMBER. Administrative districts is the correct plural form of the nominative case of the noun okrug. Fifty tasks- in complex numerals, both parts decline .
- Here, no error was made in the declension of the numeral, but it can be found in combination at number 3. You need to remember once and for all that the correct option is wave.
This is probably the most “unpleasant” task: here you have to learn a lot by heart. Do as with task 4: work out those moments in which you doubt, gradually narrow the circle of mistakes. Console yourself with the fact that in the exam you will be given not dozens, but only 5 words.
Task 6
Task Formulation
In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form
the words. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.
STUNNING outfit
behind SEVEN locks
pack of PASTA
in the year 2000
TASTIER than cake
Diversity grammatical errors associated with the formation of the form of the word is large. Specific rules for the formation of word forms various parts speech does not exist, it is a matter of practice in the language. In working on task 6, memory, speech hearing, and patience will help you.
We offer you lists of words grouped by parts of speech. The tables are designed to make it easier for you to remember. Read the correct options aloud and memorize. Watch your speech. Here, as with task 4 on orthoepy, it is important to repeatedly refer to grammatical norms, get used to them, and after a while the correct formation of words will not cause you any difficulties.
Nouns in the nominative case
| Nominative plural with ending -Ы -И | Nominative plural with ending -А -Я |
| Accountants | Addresses |
| Ages | Bills |
| reprimands | Heap |
| Dispatchers | Directors |
| Treaties | The doctors |
| Engineers | boats |
| Instructors | Kitel |
| Compressors | bodywork |
| Constructors | Domes |
| Containers | Hedra |
| healers | ham |
| Months | Districts |
| Players | cooks |
| policies | cellars |
| Ports | professors |
| handwriting | Belts |
| poodles | Varieties |
| rectors | Haystacks |
| Locksmiths | watchman |
| syllables | Poplars |
| Snipers | Farms |
| Joiners | Cancellation |
| report cards | Anchors |
| turners | |
| Cakes | |
| Trainers | |
| Outbuildings | |
| Fronts | |
| Chauffeurs |
Remember couples:
Hulls (trunks) – hulls (buildings)
Camps (political) - camps (tourist)
Husbands (state) - husbands (in families)
Teeth (in a person) - teeth (in a saw)
Gaps (spaces) – gaps (documents)
Images (literary) - images (icons)
Orders (knightly) - orders (awards)
Tones (sounds) - tones (shades of color)
Chicken - chickens
Log - logs
Vessel - ships
Nouns in the genitive case(Substitute the word A LOT)
Fruits and vegetables:
Clothes and shoes:
| Shoe cover | golf course |
| boot | Jeans |
| Boots | Lampasov |
| boots | Noskov |
| Gaiter | |
| sneaker | |
| Moccasin | |
| pantalon | |
| Shoulder strap | |
| Boot | |
| sneaker | |
| Shoe | |
| Stocking | |
| bloomer | |
| Short | |
| Epaulet | |
Nationalities:
| Armenians | Mongols |
| Bashkir | Tajiks |
| Bulgarian | Croats |
| Buryat | Yakutov |
| Georgian | |
| Lezgin | |
| Ossetian | |
| Romanian | |
| Tatars | |
| Turk | |
| Turkmen | |
| Gypsy | |
Groups of people by occupation:
Units:
We learn, we learn, we learn:
|
End of OB, EV |
No end of OB, EV |
| Bronchov | nesting |
| dahlias | wrist |
| Zamorozkov | Copies |
| canned food | meals |
| nerves | necklaces |
| rails | Olady |
| Verkhoviev | Cookies |
| Korenev | coasts |
| Comments | believe |
| Lokhmotiev | Dungeons |
| Nizoviev | guns |
| dresses | seats |
| Journeymen | pickles |
| Mouths | Gorges |
| Flakes | grounds |
| mutilation |
|
Ending HER |
Zero ending |
| weekdays | fables |
| Dumbbell | spray |
| Skittles | waffles |
| palms | Del |
| Sheet (Sheet) | Kocheryog |
| strife | Kitchens |
| tablecloths | Macaron |
| Chukchi | cuff |
| manger | Nian |
| LOOP | |
| saber | |
| Earrings | |
| gossip | |
| dusk | |
| Herons | |
| sprat |
gender of nouns
| Masculine, neuter | Feminine |
| piano, grand piano | mezzanine |
| rail, rail | parcel post |
| Tulle, tulle | cello |
| shampoo, shampoo | corn |
| Jam, jam | Sneaker, sneaker |
| reserved seat, reserved seat | |
| Slipper, slipper | |
| shoes, shoes |
Comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs
Attention! You can not mix a simple and compound form. More beautiful, most beautiful, most subtle is a grammatical error.
Decline numbers
40, 90, 100
|
R.P.D.P.T.P.P.P. |
|
| Forty, ninety, one hundred | Forty, ninety, one hundred |
50, 60, 70, 80
|
R.P. "no" |
D. p. "give" |
Etc. "proud" |
P. p. "think about" |
| fifty | fifty | fifty | fifty |
| sixty | sixty | sixty | sixty |
| seventy | seventy | seventy | seventy |
| eighty | eighty | eighty and eighty | eighty |
This is where the instrumental case comes into play. When declining, divide the numeral into two parts and pronounce separately: eight houses, ten houses.
200, 300, 400 and 500, 600, 700, 800, 900
When declining these numbers, divide them into two parts and instead of the word honeycomb substitute leg. Their endings match: two legs - two hundred; five feet - five hundred.
| two hundred | two hundred | two hundred | About two hundred |
| three hundred | three hundred | three hundred | About three hundred |
| four hundred | four hundred | four hundred | About four hundred |
| five hundred | five hundred | five hundred | five hundred |
| six hundred | Six hundred | six hundred | six hundred |
| Seven hundred | seven hundred | Seven hundred | Seven hundred |
| eight hundred | eight hundred | eight hundred | Eight hundred |
| nine hundred | Nine hundred | nine hundred | Nine hundred |
Differences in the declension of compound cardinal and ordinal numbers
For compound cardinal numbers, each word is declined, and for ordinal numbers, only the last. Compare:
There are no two thousand five hundred and forty-two words - there are no two thousand five hundred and forty suitcases;
Two thousand five hundred and forty words - two thousand five hundred and forty suitcase.
Ordinal numbers ending in -hundredth, -thousandth, millionth, -billionth are written in one word. They look like compound adjectives: the first part in such words is in the genitive case. Compare: three hundredth - three-headed; three hundredth - three-headed; about the four-thousandth - about the four-meter.
One and a half, one and a half, one and a half hundred
Collective nouns (two, three, four etc.) are used
1) with nouns that call males, words children, people, guys: two friends, three brothers;
2) with nouns naming baby animals: seven kids;
3) with nouns that have only plural form: four, scissors, three trousers.
Both (both, both, both) used with masculine and neuter nouns : both brothers, both hearts.
Both (both, both, both) used with feminine nouns: both sisters, on both sides.
Pronouns
1. Not used in Russian theirs, theirs, theirs etc. You must use him, her, them.
2. After prepositions, personal pronouns have the letter H: with her, without him, for them.
Verbs
- 1. Imperative mood
| lie down | lie down | lie down |
| drive | go | go |
| disperse | leave | go away |
| ride | ride | drive |
| put | put | put |
| touch | touch | touch |
| wave | wave | wave |
| put | put your luggage | put down |
| run away | run | run |
| pour out | rashes | pour out |
| rinse | rinse | rinse |
- 2. Conjugation of verbs
| ride | I drive | travels | drive |
| climb | get along | climbs | climb |
| wave | waving | waving | waving |
| burn | I burn | Burning, burning | tourniquet |
| bake | bake | will bake | bake |
| guard | guard | guards | watch over |
3. Suffix -СЬ after vowels: met(not right met), agreed.
4. " polite word» - Sorry (not right I'm sorry)
5. By get a haircut on slip, on hell, but under scribble, on the laugh
6. Get well - get well
to weaken - to weaken
7. Dry - dry
get wet - get wet
freeze - freeze
strengthen - strengthen
gerund
Imperfect gerunds (what are you doing?) have suffixes -А, -Я: speaking(not right saying), bored(not right bored).
Perfective gerunds (what have you done?) have the suffix -В, -ВШИ: reading, speaking(not right talking), offended ( not offended).
Back to the task. Analyze each answer, find in the explanation the part where this or a similar word was found. (Error: PASTA. Correct: PASTA.)