The countries that created the UN. Activities of the United Nations Organization. Bedding guide at the UN

Especially for the illiterate and ill-bred - in the column "Date of joining the UN" for the Russian Federation it is indicated: "October 24, 1945 (USSR)", i.e. in 1945, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics became a member of this international organization. It should be noted that the foundations of the UN activities and its structure were developed during the Second World War by the leading members of the anti-Hitler coalition, i.e. USSR including.

After the collapse of the USSR at the end of 1991 the Russian Federation was recognized the international community as the successor state of the USSR in matters nuclear capability, external debt, state ownership abroad, as well as membership in the UN Security Council, i.е. The Russian Federation is the full successor of the USSR - from the international legal point of view, this is one and the same state, therefore, our country's membership in the UN since 1945 is indisputable.

To increase your level of intelligence:

The succession of states is the transfer of the rights and obligations of one state to another state or the replacement of one state by another state in bearing responsibility for the international relations of a territory.

Succession occurs in cases of transfer of the territory of one state to another state, as well as in cases of formation of new states. In this regard, there are:

• Separation - the state broke up into two (or more) states. The old state disappears, new ones arise in its place
• Separation - part of the state separated, but the state itself remained
• Unification - two or more states become one
• Accession - one state joins another

I will fill your educational gap on another issue. You declare that the Russian Federation in 1945 "was not in sight ..." - if you, due to mental limitations, could not learn the history of your country, this does not mean that the Russian Federation did not exist. There you are historical fact: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (official abbreviation of the RSFSR) - a union republic within the USSR from 1922 to 1991. Proclaimed on October 25 (November 7), 1917 as a result October revolution like Russian Soviet Republic. From July 19, 1918, the official name was the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. The name Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was introduced by the Constitution of the USSR of 1936 and the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1937. Along with the above official names during the Soviet period, informal names such as the Russian Federation and Russia were also widely used.

P.S. As an advice - try to switch from lumpen jargon to normal Russian ...

The history of the UN in facts and legends

“We, the peoples of the United Nations, determined to save future generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lives has brought unspeakable grief to humanity”

With these words begins the Charter of the United Nations - a structure whose creation is called one of the main results of the Second World War.

Initially, it is the prevention of global international conflicts that is the main task of the UN. Its headquarters has repeatedly become the scene of the most fierce verbal battles and scandalous acts in order to preserve peace and save human lives.

The history of the UN in facts and legends told by diplomats - in a special TASS project.

TEN FACTS ABOUT THE UN

war born

The idea of ​​creating the UN arose at the very beginning of the Second World War. August 14, 1941 aboard a warship in Atlantic Ocean near about. Newfoundland (Canada), US President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter - a document declaring the goals of the two countries in the war against Nazi Germany and its allies, as well as their vision of the post-war world order. On September 24, 1941, the USSR joined this declaration.

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January 1, 1942 representatives of 26 allied states, who fought against the countries of the Nazi coalition, declared their support for the Atlantic Charter by signing the Declaration of the United Nations. This document was the first official use of the name "United Nations", proposed by President Roosevelt.

idea of ​​education new organization everyone supported it, but there were disagreements about its structure, tasks and powers.

As a result, at the Moscow Conference of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, the USA and Great Britain (Vyacheslav Molotov, Cordell Hull and Anthony Eden) at the end of October 1943, the first document on the creation of an international organization in possibly short time. The meeting was also attended by Chinese Ambassador to Moscow Fu Bing-chan.

To get to the conference, US Secretary of State Cordell Hull made the first flight in his life, and upon his return from Moscow, President Roosevelt personally met him at the airport.

Declaration of January 1, 1942, which first mentions the name "United Nations", proposed by US President Franklin Roosevelt

UN Charter and suspicious Truman

The final agreement on the creation of the UN was reached in 1945 in Yalta during a meeting of the leaders of the three countries of the anti-Hitler coalition - Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill.

It was agreed that the UN would be based on the principle of unanimity among the great powers - permanent members of the Security Council with the right of veto.

However, problems and disagreements between the powers that conceived the UN began even before the adoption of the Charter of the organization. The US position has undergone major changes since the death of President Roosevelt. who succeeded him Harry Truman treated the USSR with great suspicion.

Truman did not like the agreements reached at Yalta on the principle of unanimity of the great powers in the Security Council, as well as the possibility of using the right of veto. According to the alignment of forces that was formed at that time in the future international organization, the United States had an absolute majority of votes in the Security Council and the General Assembly. One thing stood in the way - the right of veto, which Moscow received along with the rest of the members of the UN Security Council. Truman hoped to turn things around at the San Francisco conference, where the UN Charter was to be discussed.

Fuel to the fire of hostility to the communist regime was added by information from american ambassador in Moscow, Averell Harriman.

From Averell Harriman's dispatch

Over a million blue helmets

UN peacekeeping activities began in 1948 with the establishment of a body to monitor the implementation of the terms of the truce in the Middle East.

The first 10-nation UN emergency force was established in 1956 to oversee the withdrawal of foreign troops from the zone. Suez Canal(Egypt). At the same time, blue berets and helmets were used for the first time, which became a symbol of peacekeepers.

Since 1948, the UN has initiated 71 peacekeeping operations. More than a million military, police and civilian personnel served in the ranks. More than 3.3 thousand peacekeepers died.

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People don't appreciate the things that the UN has achieved. The possibility of interstate conflict has greatly decreased over the 70 years of the existence of the UN. Yes, we have wars and very disgusting events. There was the Korean War, the conflict in Vietnam, the confrontation between India and Pakistan, there were wars in the 70s in South Asia, wars in Africa. But there was no big war, and we must admit that part of this merit lies with the UN

Sir Jeremy Greenstock, former UK Ambassador to the UN (1998-2003), Head of the United Nations Association in the United Kingdom

Six UN Nobels

In 2001, the UN received the Nobel Peace Prize, although before that certain areas of its activity were awarded such an award, and even more than once.

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has been awarded the prize twice, in 1954 and 1981.

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - in 1965.

UN International Peacekeeping Force - in 1988.

In 1961, the UN Secretary-General Dag Hammerskjöld (Sweden) was posthumously awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

RECORDS, SCANDALS AND LEGENDS

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The UN tribune - and there is no higher rostrum in the world yet - gave states the opportunity to express their point of view on events in international life and thereby ease the tension in their relationship. This allowed public opinion in different countries to compare the positions of the main opposing sides. As a result of such a comparison, this or that power was subjected to a certain international pressure, which it could not ignore. So it was during the Vietnam War, so it was during the war in Afghanistan, so it was in some other cases. And finally, there were international conflicts, albeit not the most acute that could be solved directly at the UN

Oleg Troyanovsky, Permanent Representative of the USSR to the UN (1976-1986)

Sessions of the UN General Assembly, which open annually at the end of September, are always the most eventful and brightest diplomatic event of the year. Hundreds of meetings and speeches are held within the framework of the forum. Interest is attracted by those in which the participants are "bosom enemies" - how they will behave when they are in the same room and listening to their opponents. Statements by country leaders and high-ranking diplomats are often accompanied by scandals and extravagant acts.

The record holder among heads of state for the duration of speeches from the rostrum of the General Assembly is still Cuban leader Fidel Castro. In 1960, he spoke for 4 hours and 29 minutes, which was the reason for getting into the Guinness Book of Records.

Sometimes politicians who spoke from the rostrum of the UN felt bad. And the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi during his last speech at the UN in September 2009, he knocked out an interpreter.

He spoke for almost two hours instead of the 15 minutes allotted by the regulations. In such a long speech, the Libyan leader managed to touch upon many world problems, including criticizing the UN. In particular, he announced the need to move the headquarters of the organization from the United States to another country.

Muammar Gaddafi, leader of Libya

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Why are you going to America where you are all suffering from the change of time? Look at you - you are all tired from the long flight across the Atlantic. It is necessary to find another country for the UN headquarters, where, having arrived at the UN General Assembly, people will not be so tired ... Why are you striving to America? Is it the Vatican, Jerusalem or Mecca?

Muammar Gaddafi, leader of Libya

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One of the most mysterious moments that occurred during the sessions of the General Assembly is the story of Nikita Khrushchev's shoe. According to one version, the shoe slipped off Khrushchev's foot in the crowd on the way to the meeting, and it was brought to him after the speeches had begun. Someone claims that Khrushchev held the shoe in his hand during the meeting, someone notes that the shoe was lying nearby on the table. But anyway, during the speech of the Filipino delegate, who talked about the threat of Soviet imperialism, Khrushchev jumped up and began to wave his arms to attract the attention of the chairman of the session, and also pounded on the table in protest. The shoe just happened to be at hand. Rumor has it that the Soviet delegation was allegedly fined $2,000 by the UN for this non-diplomatic trick, but the fine was never paid because all the documents related to this incident mysteriously disappeared from the UN files.

There was another episode when, during a speech at the 15th session of the UN General Assembly, Khrushchev used famous expression"Kuzma's mother", which the translator translated literally as "kusma" s mother", which confused the delegations. The meaning of the phrase was completely incomprehensible, and from this the threat acquired an ominous character. In the future, "kusma" s mother "translators replaced it with another often the threat used by Khrushchev against the West: "We'll bury you" ("we'll bury you").

"Better red than dead"

One of the most popular stories, retold by virtually every diplomat who worked at the UN, is related to Oleg Troyanovsky.

Oleg Troyanovsky, Permanent Representative of the USSR to the UN (1976-1986)

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In the Security Council chamber, two extremists who belonged to some Maoist group poured red paint on me and US Deputy Permanent Representative Van den Heuvel before the meeting began. When I, in disguise, appeared in front of the journalists who were waiting for me, then, answering their questions, I said: "Better red than dead" ("Better to be red than dead"). This phrase was a great success, since at that time the extreme right in the United States proclaimed as their slogan the words "Better dead than red", that is, "It is better to be dead than red"

Oleg Troyanovsky, Permanent Representative of the USSR to the UN (1976-1986)

The next day, this story was in many newspapers and magazines as the quote of the day. They also say that the leadership of the UN Secretariat, trying to "smooth out" the oversight of its security service, paid for the purchase of new suits, shirts, boots, etc. for Soviet and American diplomats.

The Chamber of Secrets, or why the UN Security Council is not expanding

Next to the meeting room of the Security Council is a small meeting room. There is very little space, a maximum of three people from each country - a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Refurbishment was being planned and members of the Security Council were asked if they would like to expand the premises with adjoining rooms.

Sergei Lavrov, Russian Foreign Minister

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I don’t want to extradite anyone, but one of the permanent members of the Security Council, the ambassador (not us) said: “No, guys, let’s not move this wall now, because as soon as we move it, the temptation will immediately appear to actively push through the expansion in the Security Council Because there will be room to expand..."

Sergei Lavrov, Russian Foreign Minister

How intelligence agencies overlooked a rocket in the UN garden

"There are two architectural gifts on the territory of the UN Headquarters Soviet Union- the sculpture "Let's Forge Swords into Plowshares" by Yevgeny Vuchetich, installed in 1959, and the monument of Zurab Tsereteli "Good conquers evil", donated in 1990. Cast in bronze, it depicts George the Victorious piercing with a spear intercontinental missiles: the Soviet SS-20 and the American Pershing, which became a symbol of the end cold war", - said Deputy Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation Gennady Gatilov, who worked at the UN as First Deputy Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation and Senior Advisor to the Office of the Secretary General.

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The legend says that Tsereteli managed to get fragments of the Soviet SS-20 with great difficulty, since the relevant departments refused to meet him halfway, citing secrecy. However, when a positive decision was nevertheless made, the military gave the sculptor not just a body, but almost an equipped rocket. When the monument, which became a UN gift from the government of the USSR, was installed in the UN garden, it turned out that at its base were parts of a rocket with elements of a secret filling. With great difficulty, they managed to dismantle them. In this form, George the Victorious still stands in the UN garden

Gennady Gatilov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation

Bedding guide at the UN

"In the second half of the 1990s, the famous diplomat Alain Dejammet was the French ambassador to the UN," said Rashid Alimov, former permanent representative of Tajikistan to the UN and now ambassador to China. "He had a reputation as a taciturn, balanced diplomat, without a pronounced sense of humor Therefore, a big surprise for many was the appearance at the UN Headquarters of a brochure written by him under the intriguing title Sleeping in the United Nations - about the best places in the UN where you can sleep.

The author of the "UN Guide to Bedding" has divided the places for sweet sleep during long meetings into five categories and assigned them the corresponding number of stars: not recommended, acceptable, pleasant, very good and exceptionally good. With typical researcher pedantry, he identified the coziest, mostly dark, corners and described their comfort, lighting, absence of external stimuli and noise, as well as frequency of use. Everyone who met the guide paid tribute to Dejami's objectivity and wit: the best place for restful sleep he named the private office of the French Delegation at the UN Secretariat, hidden from prying eyes, and gave the second place in popularity to the Library of Periodicals of the United Nations, which, in his words, "gives the impression of an abandoned monastery."

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One of my colleagues then remarked that most likely the French ambassador gained this knowledge and experience during his four years of work at the UN by conducting "exhausting sleep experiments" on himself. In fairness, it should be said that up to 7 thousand meetings are held at the UN every year, and many of them drag on until midnight, and not everyone is given to endure such a grueling marathon.

Rashid Alimov, Ambassador of Tajikistan to China

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THE FUTURE OF THE UN

Apart from peacekeeping, among the priorities of the UN - work to promote the observance of human rights, protection environment; African development; fight against diseases and poverty, drug addiction, terrorism; protection of rights intellectual property, assistance to refugees, destruction of nuclear, chemical and conventional weapons.

Signing of the Charter of the United Nations in San Francisco

In April 1945, before the end of the war, the representatives of the 50 countries involved in the war against Germany, Japan and their allies met in San Francisco to draw up and adopt the Charter of an international organization whose task would be to uphold peace. It will replace the League of Nations, which came into being in 1919 and had the same goals, but proved incapable of fulfilling its mission.

On June 26, 1945, the plenipotentiaries of 50 states (soon to be joined by Poland) signed the Charter of the United Nations, or San
Francis Charter.

This document created the United Nations (UN), headquarters
whose apartment is in New York. The latter circumstance reflects the political weight of the United States and the shift in the center of gravity of world politics (the League of Nations met in Geneva).

The charter contains two types of provision. One side, general principles intended to be the basis international law: equality and sovereignty of states; the prohibition of resorting to force or the threat of force to resolve international disputes; obligation to resolve them through negotiations. On the other hand, this is the usual charter of the organization, which determines the governing bodies and rules of operation.

Founded by the victorious states of World War II, the UN remained open to the vanquished and to new countries liberated from colonial oppression, and thus became an almost universal organization. Combining 51 countries at the first stage, the UN has grown to 176 members as of May 1, 1992.35

Birth of the UN Charter

In drafting the Charter, the main thing was to avoid the weaknesses that led to the bankruptcy of the League of Nations. Although the latter was created at the initiative of US President Woodrow Wilson, the United States did not join it. Wilson was unable to get the United States Senate to ratify, by a two-thirds vote (as required by the constitution), the Treaty of Versailles and entry into the League of Nations. On the other hand, the connivance of some countries - members of the League of Nations - to the fascist states and their aggressive policy prevented the League of Nations from applying the sanctions provided for by the charter against them, or greatly weakened their effectiveness.

Another task arose from the need to condemn the principles and methods applied fascist countries: the use of force and the policy of seizures, disrespect for human dignity and the inculcation of racist ideology, as well as their consequences (concentration camps, genocide of the Jewish people in Europe, disregard for democracy).

The Charter proclaims principles that are the antithesis of those principles and practices.

For example, in the Atlantic Charter, signed in August 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin Roosevelt expresses the determination of the signatories to prevent territorial changes that would not reflect the freely expressed will of the peoples concerned. They also promise to respect "the right of all peoples to choose for themselves the form of government under which they want to live" and to promote "the restoration of the sovereign rights and self-government of those peoples who were deprived of this by force."

The Allies decided to create the United Nations and work out its main provisions at a conference of three powers (the United States, Great Britain, the USSR) at Dumbarton Oaks, near New York.

The Yalta Conference (February 4–11, 1945) brought together Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin in the Crimea. She did not "divide" the world into spheres of influence, as is often written about (the division took place later and not according to the Yalta decisions), but approved the division of Germany into occupation zones and decided two contentious issue about the future UN. The principle of unanimity of the permanent members of the Security Council (incorrectly called the "right of veto") was adopted and an agreement was reached that the USSR would have three seats in the UN (USSR, Ukraine and Belarus), and not 16 (one from each union republic), as it demanded it.

Basic provisions of the Charter

The preamble to the Charter affirms "faith in fundamental human rights, in the Dignity and worth of the human person, in the equality of men and women, and in the equality of rights of nations large and small." The United Nations pledges to "promote social progress and better living conditions in greater freedom."

The first article proclaims the need to settle international disputes by peaceful means and through negotiations, "respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples." The second article specifies that the organization is based "on the principle sovereign equality all its members" and requires them to abstain "in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state." The article emphasizes that the United Nations may not interfere "in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state."

The UN has two main organs. The General Assembly is made up of all its members, but can only make "recommendations".

The Security Council consists of 11 members: five permanent ("great" powers, winners in 1945: USA, USSR, Great Britain, France, China) and six non-permanent members, elected for two years by the General Assembly and not subject to immediate re-election.

In the event of a threat to the peace and aggression, the Security Council can adopt diplomatic, economic and even military sanctions (Articles 41 and 42), but only if seven members of the Council vote in favor, including five permanent members. Permanent members must be unanimous. Such a rule is often interpreted as a "right of veto" within the Security Council, but this is not entirely correct. Even an abstention, and not just a "no" vote by one permanent member, can prevent any decision being taken.

Such a composition and such rights of the Security Council reflect the alignment of forces that existed in 1945. And although at that time the Cold War had not yet begun, but implicitly the world was already divided into two systems, and the principle of unanimity was adopted in order to avoid using the UN in the interests of one block against another.

However, since the start of the Cold War, the US and its Western allies have had a broad majority in the General Assembly. In 1950 during Korean War The United States took advantage of the absence of the USSR, which boycotted the Security Council, protesting the refusal to allow the representative of the Chinese People's Republic take the place of China (although the PRC has existed since 1949). This seat was occupied by a representative of Nationalist China, more precisely the islands Taiwan (only in 1971) folk china took his place). With this maneuver, the United States achieved UN approval of their military operations in Korea.

The situation gradually changed with the entry into the UN of new members - the remnants of colonial empires. In violation of its principles, the Charter approved in 1945 the existence of " non-self-governing territories", colonies and "trustee" countries. Decolonization will gradually lead to their disappearance, and voting in the General Assembly will take on a "Third World" character. We add that new members of the UN often received the support of socialist countries.

United Nations specialized organizations

The growing internationalization of all processes of economic, social, cultural life led to an increase in specialized international organizations designed to solve problems that previously remained unattended on a global scale.

These are organizations, both pre-existing (for example, the International Postal Union, formed in 1878), and newly created (UNESCO, FAO, etc.). They have the status of "specialized organizations" of the UN.

Future of the UN

Quite a lot of criticism is heard about the impotence or inefficiency of the UN. Criticism is not always fair. The UN has been able to play its positive arbiter role in many cases.

Its difficulties are explained by the desire of the great powers to use it as a tool to justify their policies.

However, it is also true that the structures of the UN no longer correspond to realities. modern world. There is, on the one hand, the desire of Germany and Japan to become permanent members of the Security Council, which confirms its role as a privileged instrument of the great powers; on the other hand, the desire of the countries of the "third world" to expand the representation of "small countries" in the Security Council, which requires the expansion of the powers of the General Assembly.

United Nations (UN) is an interethnic organization that was formed to support cooperation and maintain peace between states.

It is also a unique assembly with special rights in the field of resolving issues international security, an important component of current diplomacy.

The UN is a global council, a forum where various problems of the peoples of the world are discussed and resolved.

The founders of this organization, its structure, regulations on activities, were members of the anti-Hitler coalition. On January 1, 1942, the Declaration of the United Nations was signed and began to exist, in which the concept of "United Nations" was used for the first time.

In 1945, the San Francisco Conference took place, during which on June 26 the UN charter was adopted and signed.

50 states participated in the signing of this document. Poland later joined the UN as an original member, signing the charter in October 1945. The charter of the organization entered into force on October 24, 1945. Since then, this date has been considered the official day of this world famous organization.

UN structure

The structure of the UN is arranged in such a way that all the bodies in it have their own profile, their own range of issues they resolve and their own competence, but they interact closely with each other.

The structure is represented by such bodies as: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Trusteeship Council, the Economic and Social Council, international Court United Nations, Secretariat.

The UN also created separate organizations to resolve profile tasks eg IAEA, UNESCO, WTO, WHO and others. They can be called secondary, auxiliary bodies.

Security Council is a body that is called upon to monitor the preservation of the peaceful situation between the members of the organization. The Charter states that five permanent members and ten non-permanent members enter the Security Council.

Permanent members, unlike non-permanent members, have the right to veto.

The procedure for electing temporary members of the Security Council is stipulated by the UN Charter. Decisions adopted by the Security Council are binding on all members of the organization.

The Secretariat ensures the working processes of the UN bodies. He is also responsible for the implementation of programs adopted by the organization. Its staff is quite large - about 44 thousand employees. There are institutions around the world where representatives of the Secretariat work.

The largest branches of the UN Secretariat are located in the cities of New York, Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi. This body carries out important features as distribution, publication, publication and storage of UN materials.

The Secretary General is at the head of the Secretariat, being the main representative and face of the organization, as well as an invariable symbol of the UN. The duties of the Secretary General are shaped by the principal organs of the UN. Appointment to this position is made by the Assembly, but only on the recommendation of the Security Council. The so-called "Gentlemen's Agreement" this moment, states that a representative of a state that is a permanent member of the Security Council cannot be the Secretary General.

During the existence of the UN, 8 people have served as Secretary General. This position is currently held by Ban Ki-moon (Republic of Korea).

The International Court of Justice is the highest Judicial authority UN. The activities of the Court are aimed at ending disputes and conflict situations between states. Accordingly, only states can act as plaintiffs and defendants in it, and not individuals. The Court is composed of 15 independent judges with diplomatic privileges and immunities.

The Economic and Social Council consists of five commissions in the regions. The purpose of their activities is to support economic and social relationships between states.

The Trusteeship Council is a UN body charged with the mission of supervising the Trust Territories with a view to their development and independence. The Council suspended its activities in November 1994 with the independence of the last Trust Territory of Palau. However, there is an agreement to resume work this body if necessary. For this, the decision of the Council itself or its chairman will be sufficient. The request of participants in other bodies of the organization may also be the reason for the resumption of the activities of the Trusteeship Council.

The United Nations Postal Administration issues postage stamps. The stamps are denominated in dollars, francs and euros. Each of them corresponds to the currency of the state in which the organization's office is located.

Specialized institutions

Role specialized agencies is a support mission for the organization. Each of the main organs can create additional organs to help themselves. The most famous organizations created by the UN are WHO, IAEA, UNESCO, World Bank and others.

UN members

Members of the UN are states that are parties to international law. As stated in the Charter, any state pursuing a peace-loving policy, as well as those that agree with the rules of the UN and are ready to comply with them, can join the UN. Initially, 50 states were members of the UN, at the moment there are 193 member states.

The procedure for admitting a state to the UN consists of several stages. The Security Council is considering joining the UN. A state wishing to become a member needs the support of at least 9 states out of 15 that are members of the Security Council. The Security Council then submits a recommendation to the General Assembly, where a resolution on accession is adopted. This resolution requires a two-thirds majority vote.

Along with the concept of "UN member" there is the concept of "UN observer".

Such a status can be acquired by a state through a vote of the General Assembly, where a positive decision is made by an ordinary majority of votes. Unlike the procedure for admission to UN membership, where only an internationally recognized state can become a member, partially recognized states can also become a UN observer.

official languages

To carry out the full-fledged work of the UN bodies, an exhaustive list of official languages ​​has been established. These are English, Spanish, Russian, French, Chinese and Arabic. All UN documentation is maintained using the official languages. Delegations may speak in other languages, but in this case a translation of the report into one of the official languages ​​must be provided.

UN Charter

The Charter of the United Nations is the fundamental document on which all the activities of the organization are based. The Charter is a unique international treaty, which fixed the foundations of cooperation and relations between states. Such as the principle of equality of UN members; the principle of UN interference in the affairs of other states; the principle of resolving conflicts exclusively by peaceful means, and others.

Basic declarations and conventions

In addition to the UN Charter, there are various declarations and conventions adopted by the organization. They differ from the Charter in that they are not indisputable for ratification by UN member states. Some of the most famous UN declarations and conventions are: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948); Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989); Kyoto Protocol (1997); Millennium Declaration (2000) and others.

Public recognition and awards

The work of the UN is known all over the world. However, the activities of this organization are not limited only to maintaining peace between states and resolving issues of granting humanitarian aid. The activities of the UN are more versatile than it might seem at first glance. Large-scale work is being carried out in the areas of promoting and spreading democracy, combating terrorism, protecting the environment and many other areas.

All this has a global impact on the situation in the world, thereby improving the quality of life of people living around the world.

Numerous forums and conferences discuss and make important decisions on economics, ecology, science and education, family, health and medicine, security, statistics, and communication. The work of the UN has a beneficial effect on social development many countries, assistance and protection is provided to states in need of them.

The UN is a huge apparatus working for the benefit of society, monitoring the proper implementation of human rights, fighting to reduce poverty, disease and financial distress throughout the world.

Concern for the present and future of mankind is one of the overriding intentions of the United Nations.

In 2001, the UN and the Secretary General (then Kofi Annan) were awarded Nobel Prize. In 1988, the UN peacekeeping force received a similar award.

Public recognition of the organization provides positive influence to her activities. Many celebrities expressed their support and provided all possible assistance in the affairs of the organization. Among them are famous names like Mother Teresa, Princess Diana, Angelina Jolie, Shakira and others.

The United Nations (UN) is international association, which was created to improve ties between states and the security of the commonwealth of countries.

The UN is:

• Universal platform for international meetings.
• Guarantee of the security of the commonwealth of countries.
• The main connecting link of the existing diplomacy.

The idea of ​​developing this organization was formulated back in the years of the Second World War, in connection with the strengthening of the positions Nazi Germany. The first mention of this refers to January 1, 1942 (Declaration of the United Nations). The UN charter was soon agreed upon (mid-1945).

Initially, 50 states were included in the commonwealth of the country. On October 24, 1945, the UN Charter came into force. This date is considered to be United Nations Day.

UN structure.

The United Nations includes the following divisions:

1. Security Council. This is the main governmental body of the UN, which bears full responsibility for everything that happens.
2. Secretariat. Includes executive power. At the head of the secretariat is the general secretary.

During the entire existence of the organization, only 8 general secretaries. At the moment, this is Ban Ki-moon (representative of the Republic of Korea).

1. International Court. Includes the judiciary. AT this case, it is not specific people who are subjected to the court, but the states.
2. Economic and Social Council. Responsible for economic and social policy in the field of international cooperation.
3. Postal administration. Engaged in the production of postage stamps, especially for the UN.
4. specialized institutions. These are isolated international organizations that were created by the UN. These may include: UNESCO (educational, scientific and cultural issues), IAEA ( international agency on atomic energy) other.

Official languages ​​of the UN.

In order to improve the organization of the activities of the UN, some official languages for communication within the organization.

In this regard, the following official languages ​​of the United Nations have been designated:

• English language.
• Russian language.
• French.
• Spanish language.
• Arabic.
• Chinese.

In these, and only in these languages, all negotiations are conducted, meeting records are written and official documents. No exceptions are provided.

Which states are members of the UN?

As already mentioned, the Organization originally included 50 countries (1945). And already in 1946, another 150 states were included in the UN, a number of which were divided into independent ones (for example, Czechoslovakia).

Currently, the United Nations includes 193 states.

But not all states can be included in the UN. You can become a member of the UN only if the country is given international recognition. All this is spelled out in the main document of the United Nations - the UN Charter.

It is important that the country joining the UN should accept this Charter, and the UN countries should be sure that all the clauses of the Charter will be observed by this country. Such decisions are taken by the General Assembly with the permission of the Security Council.

Plus, countries that are permanent members of the UN (Russia, USA, UK, France and China) have the opportunity to veto the decision.