Social security agencies. The concept of social protection, bodies carrying out this activity
The system of measures carried out by the state. and public organizations to ensure guaranteed minimum sufficient living conditions, support life and active existence of a person. Sometimes social protection is interpreted more narrowly: as providing certain level income for those segments of the population who, for whatever reason, cannot independently provide for their existence: the unemployed, the disabled, the sick, orphans, the elderly, single mothers, families with many children. The basic principles of social protection: humanity; targeting; complexity; ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual.
Types of social protection. State. forms: affordable healthcare; privileges; accessible education; pension; system of social service and provision of social services; measures of social support. Non-state forms: voluntary social insurance; charity; private healthcare systems, etc.
The system of social protection is a set of legislative acts, measures, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of social measures. protection of the population, support of socially vulnerable segments of the population.
It includes:
1. Social security- creation of state systems material support and services for the elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. In addition to pensions (for old age, disability, etc.) to social. benefits include benefits for temporary disability and childbirth, for caring for a child under the age of 3, assistance to families in the maintenance and upbringing of children, family allowances, maintenance of the disabled in special organizations (nursing homes, etc.), free or concessional prosthetic care , providing disabled people with means of transportation, vocational training for disabled people, various benefits for families of disabled people.
2. Social warranty - providing social goods and services to citizens without taking into account the labor contribution and means test on the basis of the principle of distribution of these benefits according to the needs of the available public resources. In our country, to the social guarantees include: guaranteed free honey. service; general accessibility and free education; the minimum wage; the minimum amount of pensions, scholarships; social pensions (disabled since childhood; disabled children; disabled people who do not have seniority; and etc.); childbirth benefits; ritual allowance for burial and some others.
A variety of social guarantees are social. privileges. They represent a system of public guarantees provided to certain groups of the population (disabled people, war veterans, labor veterans, etc.).
Social insurance - protection of the economically active population from social. risks based on collective solidarity in redress. The main social risks associated with the loss of ability to work, work and, accordingly, income, are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accident, work injury, prof. illness, death of the breadwinner. There are 2 forms of social insurance - mandatory (with the support of the state of its funds) and voluntary (in the absence of state assistance). Citizens are supported primarily through cash payments (pensions and benefits for sickness, old age, unemployment, loss of a breadwinner, etc.), as well as through financing of health services, vocational training, etc. related to the restoration of working capacity.
Social support(assistance) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who, for one reason or another, are unable to secure an income for themselves. Assistance is provided through both cash and in-kind payments (free meals, clothing) and is funded by general tax revenues. Assistance is provided to those people whose incomes are below the minimum living standards, and is an essential element of the anti-poverty policy. Social support is not limited to material assistance. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided by individuals or social groups. services to overcome life's difficulties, maintain social. status, adaptation in society.
The activities of the social services for social support, provision of social, medical, pedagogical, legal services and financial assistance, conducting social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations has formed into a separate branch of social. spheres - social. service. Work aimed at helping, supporting and protecting people, and, above all, socially weak sections of society, is called social work. The object of social work are people in need of outside help: the elderly, pensioners, the disabled, the seriously ill, children; people who find themselves in a difficult life situation: the unemployed, drug addicts, teenagers who have fallen into bad company, single-parent families, convicted and served their sentences, refugees and migrants, etc. Subjects of social work- those organizations and people who carry out this work. This is the state as a whole, carrying out social. politics through the state social authorities. protection.
Introduction
The right of citizens of the Russian Federation to social protection is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which proclaimed that the Russian Federation is welfare state, whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure decent life and the free development of man See: Constitution Russian Federation(adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993 (taking into account the amendments made by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ, of July 21. 2014 No. 11-FKZ) // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2014. No. 15, Article 7.;. The specification of this provision is contained in Article 39 of the Constitution, in accordance with which everyone is guaranteed social security in case of disability, for education children and other cases established by law.
The topic of this course work is relevant due to the fact that social justice has been violated, expressed in the colossal inequality created back in the nineties, in the inability of an educated, qualified person to find an application for his abilities and knowledge and, as a result, receive a decent wage. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a plan (prospects) for the development of social protection of the population.
Social protection of the population covers a wide range of measures for state and public support of the population, including measures related to social security, understood as the activities of the state to provide material support to citizens in old age, in case of disability, in connection with the birth and upbringing of children, medical care and treatment.
In connection with the above, the purpose of this course work is to reveal the main directions and prospects for the development of social protection of the population.
Based on the stated goal, term paper the following tasks are formulated:
Define the social protection of the population in the Russian Federation;
Consider the main directions of social protection of the population;
Consider the prospects for the development of social protection of the population.
The concept of social protection, bodies carrying out this activity
family gerontological crisis children
Before revealing the prospects for the development of social protection, it is necessary to define this concept and reveal its main directions, to reveal which bodies carry out this activity.
Social protection of the population in a broad sense is a set of socio-economic measures carried out by the state and society and ensuring the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and active existence of the individual, various social categories and groups; a set of measures directed against risk situations in normal life citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, death of a breadwinner; a set of measures to ensure a state-guaranteed minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable segments of the population during the period of economic transformation and the associated decline in their standard of living See: State system of social protection of the population: Tutorial. Averin A.N. - M .: Publishing house of the RAGS, 2010. S. 25 ..
The main goals of social protection of the population are to get rid of absolute poverty, when the average per capita total income of a family is below the subsistence minimum, to provide material assistance to the population in extreme conditions, and to promote the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions of a market economy.
The main requirements for the implementation of social protection of the most vulnerable segments of the population are as follows. See; I.V. Petukhov. Definition of the concept of "social protection of the population". 2012. S. 34.:
The primary and prevailing role of the state in the implementation of this protection;
Transferring the center of gravity in work from material protection to social care for people;
The need to organize social protection, primarily through assistance to the family;
Increasing the role of social and national communities, religious communities, collectives in the organization of social protection;
Strengthening the contribution of entrepreneurs to the social protection of needy citizens, the elimination of poverty, the creation of jobs, etc.;
Providing various forms of social protection and developing precisely targeted assistance measures designed for a specific contingent of those in need;
Maximum consideration of the principle social justice and etc.
Every citizen has the right to social protection. The Constitution obliges the state to create all the necessary conditions for the exercise of this right. It not only proclaims the right of citizens to social protection, but also clearly defines the ways of its implementation.
Basic principles of social protection:
Social partnership - practical social problems the state decides jointly with the interested bodies and organizations.
Economic justice - socio-economic support for those who cannot participate in economic relations for objective reasons.
Adaptability - the ability of the social protection system to self-development and self-improvement.
The priority of state principles - the state acts as a guarantor of ensuring a socially acceptable standard of living for those who cannot achieve this on their own.
Preventive measures for social protection - forecasting and preventing social risks at the regional level for their more effective elimination, in particular through a flexible combination of paid and free services.
As a matter of priority, social protection in the Russian Federation is in need of:
1. Elderly citizens, especially single and lonely living, including single married couples;
2. Disabled Great Patriotic War and families of fallen servicemen;
3. Disabled people, including those disabled since childhood, and disabled children;
4. Disabled soldiers-internationalists; citizens affected by the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and radioactive emissions elsewhere;
5. Unemployed;
6. Forced refugees and migrants;
7. Children are complete orphans; children with deviant behavior;
8. Families with disabled children, orphans;
9. Poor families;
10. Large families;
11. Single mothers;
12. citizens infected with HIV or suffering from AIDS;
13. Persons with disabilities.
For these categories, social protection is seen as a system of state-guaranteed permanent or long-term measures that provide conditions for overcoming a difficult life situation. These measures are aimed at creating protected categories of the population equal opportunities with other citizens to participate in the life of society. See: State system of social protection of the population: Textbook. Averin A.N. - M.: Izd-vo RAGS, 2010. S. 124. They include social assistance and social support.
The following means are used for social protection of the population:
Regulatory restrictions that do not allow the consequences of market mechanisms to reach a socially dangerous level. To do this, the state regulates the minimum level of wages, guarantees the minimum allowable tax rates, guarantees a minimum free education and medical care;
The system of social incentives in the form of benefits, subsidies, installments, free or partially paid services and stimulation of philanthropists.
Taking into account the results of a comprehensive analysis of the level of social and economic living conditions of population groups in need of support;
Organization of pensions for citizens, including the creation of a non-state system of pensions;
Development of measures for material and household services for disabled and other citizens in need of social protection;
Creation of a targeted, differentiated support system on a state and charitable basis;
Organization and introduction of new forms and types of natural assistance, humanitarian, technical, emergency assistance.
The leading organizational and legal forms of social protection of the population are:
1. pension provision;
2. providing social payments, subsidies, compensations and benefits to those in need of state social assistance categories of the population; See: See: State system of social protection of the population: Textbook. Averin A.N. - M.: Publishing House of the RAGS, 2010. P. 384.
3. state social insurance;
4. social service.
Bodies implementing social protection
main federal body executive power The Ministry of Labor and social development RF.
The management of the social insurance system is carried out with the help of specialized Funds: the Pension Fund, the Social Insurance Fund and the Fund for Compulsory health insurance.
At the regional level, management is carried out by the executive authorities of the subject of the federation. Thus, in Moscow, the functions of implementing state policy in the field of social protection of citizens are carried out by the Moscow Department of Social Protection of the Population.
The Department, enterprises, institutions, organizations subordinate to it, as well as territorial bodies of social protection of the population form a single state system social protection of the population, providing state support to families, senior citizens, veterans and disabled people, people dismissed from military service and members of their families, the development of a system of social services, the implementation of state policy in the field of pensions and labor relations.
At the local level, most often there is a department of social protection of the population under the district administration.
In order to provide assistance to the population, various social services have been created and continue to be created. The tendency to create the most economical territorial network of social services, covering all problematic categories of the population with their activities, has led to the design and implementation of a modular system of services. In this system, each service consists of departments-modules specialized in providing social assistance to a certain category of the population. Depending on the problems of the territory served, the structure of the social service institution is formed as a set of departments-modules that most adequately meet local social needs.
The widest range of modules has complex centers of social services for the population. They can contain up to 13 branches:
1. Organizational and methodological department;
2. Advisory department;
3. Department of urgent social services;
4. Department of trade services for low-income citizens;
5. Department of psychological and pedagogical assistance to families and children;
6. Department of assistance to women in difficult life situations;
7. Department for the prevention of neglect of children and adolescents;
8. Department of day care for children and adolescents;
9. Department of rehabilitation of children and adolescents with limited physical and mental capabilities;
10. Department of social services at home for elderly and disabled citizens;
11. Specialized department of social and medical care at home for elderly and disabled citizens;
12. Department of day care for elderly and disabled citizens;
13. Department of temporary residence of elderly and disabled citizens.
The Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children contains modules aimed at working with these categories of the population, including:
Organizational and methodological department;
Advisory department;
Department of Urgent Social Services;
Department of Psychological and Pedagogical Assistance;
Department of assistance to women in difficult life situations;
Department for prevention of neglect of minors;
Department of day care for minors;
Department of rehabilitation of minors with limited physical and mental capabilities.
This set is supplemented by the reception of citizens, which receives, identifies the needs of children and families living in the service area, sends them to the appropriate departments of the Center, creates a database on applications to the Center and the inpatient department, which implements social rehabilitation programs for maladjusted children in a temporary hospital. The directions and forms of work in this department are similar to the activities of the day care department for children and adolescents. As a structural subdivision of the Center, a social shelter for children and adolescents can be organized, operating as a temporary hospital for social rehabilitation programs and taking care of orphans and children left without parental care.
Social service centers provide services to elderly and disabled citizens and consist of the following modules:
Organizational and methodological department;
Advisory department;
Departments of urgent social services;
Departments of social services at home;
Specialized department of social and medical care at home;
day care units;
Temporary residences.
Social rehabilitation centers for minors specialize in the social rehabilitation of maladjusted children, or in the rehabilitation of children with physical and mental disabilities.
Social shelters for children and adolescents are temporary hospitals in which orphans and children left without parental care live until their final placement.
Centers for Psychological and Pedagogical Assistance to the Population provide socio-psychological, socio-pedagogical and psychotherapeutic assistance to families with children. Implements measures to improve stress tolerance and psychological culture, prevention of deviant forms of behavior of family members, psychological and social correction of violations in the development of children and conflict relationships between parents and children.
emergency centers psychological help by telephone, activities are differentiated according to the characteristics of the population category served.
Crisis centers for women are departments of the center for social assistance to families and children, specializing in helping women in crisis situations.
Home social assistance centers are part of the social service centers, which specializes in home social and social and medical services for the elderly and disabled.
Social homes for single elderly are designed for the free living of single elderly people and married couples, provided that they maintain their independence and provide them with psychological, social and medical and social assistance.
Gerontological centers carry out medical-social, social-rehabilitation, social-advisory work with elderly citizens at their place of residence.
AT last years various changes are taking place in the structures of the centers associated with the enlargement of organizations and the transition to another system of both financing the work with clients itself and encouraging the work of specialists; institutions are reorganized. However, the results of these transformations should be discussed a little later.
Social protection of the population is one of the most important areas social policy state, which consists in establishing and maintaining the socially necessary material and social status all members of society. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to identify which aspects of social life need to be protected and, as a result, what are the possible prospects for the development of social protection of the population, which will be discussed in the next chapter.
the most important integral part social protection of the population is an institution of bodies of social work. The purpose of their activities is to carry out the policy of the state aimed at establishing stable and orderly relations between different levels organizational system designed to form social relations in society, to provide citizens with potential life benefits to meet their needs, to develop economic independence in management.
The objects of management in the system of social protection of the population are institutions and organizations, labor and educational teams of this system, as well as relations between people. The subjects of management are bodies directly involved in the problems of social assistance to the population (ministries, committees, departments, administrations, departments of social protection of the population, labor collectives). The main function of bodies, institutions of social protection of the population is to improve the activities of its various structural elements, regulated by certain norms and controlled by social institutions to ensure the achievement of goals.
Main levels of social work bodies:
Federal level (republic);
Labor collective;
Non-state (charitable) public organizations.
An important role in the system of social protection of the population is played by trade unions, administration and various forms self-management in labor collectives.
The main functions of the bodies of social protection of the population at the federal level:
1. organization of pension services and provision of benefits;
2. social service;
3. medical and social expertise;
4. rehabilitation of the disabled and the provision of prosthetic and orthopedic care;
5. social assistance to families and children;
6. preparation of legislation on social protection of the population;
7. foreign economic and international cooperation;
8. development of provisions on the basics of social policy;
9. analysis and forecast of the standard of living of various categories of the population;
11. development of social standards, etc. The functions of social protection authorities at the regional (local) level are regulated by higher authorities with a certain independence and include:
1. ensuring and solving production and economic problems;
2. planned and financial and economic activities;
3. creation various funds social assistance;
4. solution of economic problems, etc.;
Functions of the labor collective:
a) production and economic;
b) political;
c) managerial;
d) social;
e) educational;
Forms of social protection are "reflection in collective agreements additional measures social protection, support (payments, benefits, in-kind assistance, etc.) for employees and members of their families, as well as pensioners at the expense of the relevant funds of enterprises.
social functions workforce are:
1. improvement of the material and cultural conditions of people's lives;
2. development social structure collective;
3. improving relations within the team;
4. improvement of social security, health care;
5. organization of assistance in family life, leisure activities;
6. observance of the principle of social justice.
Certain functions are performed by various charitable organizations and funds for social assistance to the population:
a) social and medical assistance to the lonely, the elderly, the infirm;
b) social rehabilitation of the disabled;
c) legal assistance to socially needy categories of the population, etc. Social Encyclopedia / Ed. count A.P. Gorkin, G.N. Karelova, E.D., Katulsky and others - M: Bolyi. Ros. Ents-ya, 2000. p. 255.
The system of social security and social insurance in the Russian Federation
AT modern conditions social protection becomes essential function society, all its state bodies and social institutions. There are also forms of social protection and a private nature - pensions, health insurance, social services. This indicates that in our country there is a multi-layered organizational structure systems of social protection of the population.
The leading forms of social protection of the population at present are pensions, social benefits, benefits for especially needy categories of the population, state social insurance, and social services. Let's consider them in more detail.
Pension provision is a state regular cash payment, a pension, which is paid in accordance with the established procedure to certain categories of persons from social funds and other sources intended for these purposes.
Pensions are paid upon reaching a certain age, onset of disability, death of the breadwinner, long-term performance of a certain professional activity - length of service.
The main types of pensions are labor and social. Labor pensions include old-age pensions, disability pensions, survivors' pensions, and superannuation pensions. If citizens for some reason do not have the right to an ore pension, a social pension is established for them.
Women are entitled to a pension on a general basis upon reaching 55 years of age with a total length of service of at least 20 years, and men upon reaching 60 years of age with a length of service of at least 25 years.
Financing the payment of pensions is carried out by the pension fund of the Russian Federation at the expense of insurance premiums of employers and citizens, as well as at the expense of the federal budget of Russia. All pensions are indexed in accordance with the established procedure in connection with the increase in the cost of living. With an increase minimum dimensions pensions all pensions increase in proportion to the growth of their minimum amounts. Social protection of the population: experience of organizational and administrative work / Ed. V.V. Kukushina. - Ed. 4th, revised. and additional - Moscow: ICC "Mart", Rostov-on-Don: Publishing Center "Mart", 2004.- p. 371.
Another form of social protection of the population is the provision of social benefits, benefits for especially needy categories of citizens.
In modern conditions, the number of social payments and benefits is over 1000, they are established for more than 200 categories of citizens, the number of persons applying for them reaches almost 10 million people. With the help of social benefits and privileges, the implementation of social guarantees for citizens is ensured, individual situations and the presence of such circumstances as poverty, orphanhood, unprotected motherhood, unemployment are taken into account more fully. prolonged illness and etc.
Compulsory state social insurance is a means of compensating for social risk and a means of social redistribution, taking into account the principle of social justice. This is one of the types of state material support for the population in the event of disability due to illness and in other cases provided for by law.
State social insurance is carried out at the expense of special funds formed at the expense of special contributions from employers and employees, as well as subsidies from the federal budget for the material support of employees and their families.
Provision for state social insurance is divided into cash payments, material benefits and services. In modern conditions, the need to reform the entire system of state social insurance, more complete use of the principles tested in various countries of the world has become obvious: guaranteed assistance to the insured and the mandatory nature of conditions and norms; payment; solidarity; automation of financing based on the accumulation of insurance premiums; strictly targeted nature of funds and their repayment; definition of insurance space combined with delimitation various kinds insurance, etc. Improving social insurance provides for:
Exemption of state social non-budgetary funds from payments unusual for them, separation of insurance payments from taxes;
The introduction of differentiated amounts of insurance premiums for state social insurance, depending on the degree of danger, harmfulness, severity of work and the state of working conditions;
Strengthening the personal participation of citizens in the financing and management of the social insurance system;
Development of voluntary forms of social insurance at the expense of citizens and incomes of enterprises.
This will make it possible to turn social insurance into the most important reliable component of the system of social protection of the population.
Social services represent a wide range of socio-economic, medical-social, psychological-pedagogical, social-legal, social-domestic and other social services and material assistance, adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation. Kholostova E.I. Social work: Proc. allowance. - 2nd ed. - M.: Publishing and trading corporation "Dashkov and Co", 2005. p. 375.
Social protection of the population- this is one of the most important directions of the social policy of the state, which consists in establishing and maintaining the socially necessary material and social position of all members of society.
Sometimes social protection is interpreted more narrowly: as providing a certain level of income for those segments of the population who, for whatever reason, cannot provide for their own existence: the unemployed, the disabled, the sick, orphans, the elderly, single mothers, families with many children.
Social security system- this is a set of legislative acts, measures, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of measures of social protection of the population, support for socially vulnerable segments of the population.
It includes:
1. Social Security- arose in Russia in the 20s of the twentieth century. and meant the creation of a state system of material support and services for the elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. This category is essentially identical to the category of social protection, but the latter applies to a market economy.
In addition to pensions (for old age, disability, etc.), social security included benefits for temporary disability and childbirth, for caring for a child under the age of one, assistance to families in the maintenance and upbringing of children (free or on preferential terms, nurseries, kindergartens, boarding schools , pioneer camps, etc.), family allowances, maintenance of the disabled in special organizations (nursing homes, etc.), free or concessional prosthetic care, provision of vehicles for the disabled, vocational training for the disabled, and various benefits for the families of the disabled. During the transition to the market, the social security system largely ceased to fulfill its functions, but some of its elements entered the modern system of social protection of the population.
2. Social guarantees- provision of social benefits and services to citizens without taking into account the labor contribution and means test based on the principle of distributing these benefits according to the needs of the available public resources. In our country, social guarantees include:
guaranteed free medical care;
general accessibility and free education;
the minimum wage;
the minimum amount of pensions, scholarships;
social pensions (disabled since childhood; children with disabilities; disabled people without work experience; children who have lost one or both parents; persons over 65 (men) and 60 (women) years who do not have work experience);
allowances at the birth of a child, for the period of caring for a child until he reaches the age of 1.5 years, up to 16 years;
ritual allowance for burial and some others.
Since January 1, 2002, the amount of benefits related to the birth of a child has been increased. Thus, the size of the lump-sum allowance at the birth of a child increased from 1.5 thousand rubles to 4.5 thousand rubles and in 2006 - up to 8000 rubles, the monthly allowance for the period of parental leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years from 200 up to 500 rubles, and in 2006 - up to 700 rubles. This allowance provided 25% of the living wage for an able-bodied person. The amount of the monthly allowance for a child under 16 years of age has not been revised and amounts to 70 rubles. Its ratio with the subsistence minimum for a child was 3.0% in 2004. In Moscow and some other regions, this allowance in 2006 increased to 150 rubles.
A variety of social guarantees are social benefits. They represent a system of public guarantees provided to certain groups of the population (disabled people, war veterans, labor veterans, etc.). In 2005, benefits in kind were replaced by monetary compensations for these categories of the population. Since January 1, 2005, the preferential category of citizens has the right to use social package and the right to receive monthly cash payments. The cost of the social package is set at 450 rubles. It includes travel in suburban transport, free drug provision, sanatorium treatment and travel to the place of sanatorium treatment. The law provides that from January 2006 beneficiaries will be able to choose between a social package and receiving the appropriate amount of money.
From January 1, 2006, monthly cash payments in accordance with the law were established in the following amounts: invalids of the Great Patriotic War - 2000 rubles; participants of the Second World War - 1500 rubles; combat veterans and a number of other categories of beneficiaries - 1100 rubles.
Persons who worked during the Second World War at air defense facilities, the construction of fortifications, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities, family members of those who died or died war invalids, participants in the Great Patriotic War and combat veterans, will receive 600 rubles a month.
Disabled persons with a third degree of restriction of labor activity are paid 1,400 rubles a month; second degree - 1000 rubles; first degree - 800 rubles; disabled children will be paid 1000 rubles. Disabled people who do not have a degree of restriction on labor activity, with the exception of disabled children, receive 500 rubles a month.
Social insurance- protection of the economically active population from social risks on the basis of collective solidarity in compensation for damage. The main social risks associated with the loss of ability to work, work and, accordingly, income, are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accident, work injury, occupational disease, death of the breadwinner. The social insurance system is financed from special extra-budgetary funds formed at the expense of contributions from employers and employees, as well as state subsidies. There are two forms of social insurance - compulsory (supported by the state of its funds) and voluntary (in the absence of state assistance). Citizens are supported primarily through cash payments (pensions and benefits for sickness, old age, unemployment, loss of a breadwinner, etc.), as well as through financing of health services, vocational training, etc. related to the restoration of working capacity.
Social support(assistance) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who, for one reason or another, are unable to secure an income for themselves. Assistance is provided through both cash and in-kind payments (free meals, clothing) and is funded by general tax revenues. Means testing is usually required to receive social assistance. Assistance is provided to those people whose incomes are below the minimum living standards, and is an essential element of the anti-poverty policy, ensuring a minimum guaranteed income, as a realization of the right to life.
Social support is not limited to material assistance. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided to individuals or groups of the population by social services to overcome life's difficulties, maintain social status, and adapt in society.
Activities of social services social support, the provision of social, medical, pedagogical, legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations has formed into a separate industry social sphere- social service.
The system of social service institutions in Russia is developing at a very rapid pace. During the period 1998-2004, the total number of social service institutions increased by one third. At the same time, the number of institutions for the elderly and the disabled increased by more than 1.5 times compared with 1985, and by 18% compared with 1998. Number of centers for social assistance to families and children in 1998-2004 increased by 2 times, social rehabilitation centers - 2.5 times. There are 25 rehabilitation centers for young people with disabilities, 17 geriatric centers. New types of social service institutions have appeared: crisis centers for women, so far the only crisis center for men, crisis departments for girls.
Work aimed at helping, supporting and protecting people, and, above all, socially weak sections of society, is called social work.
The object of social work are people in need of outside help: the elderly, pensioners, the disabled, the seriously ill, children; people who find themselves in a difficult life situation: the unemployed, drug addicts, teenagers who find themselves in bad company, incomplete families, convicted and served sentences, refugees and migrants, etc.
Subjects of social work- those organizations and people who carry out this work. This is the state as a whole, carrying out social policy through government bodies social protection. These are public organizations: the Russian Association of Social Services, the Association of Social Educators and Social Workers, etc. These are charitable organizations and charity societies such as the Red Cross and Red Crescent.
The main subject of social work are people engaged in it professionally or on a voluntary basis. There are about half a million professional social workers (that is, people with the appropriate education and diploma) all over the world (in Russia there are several tens of thousands). The main part of social work is performed by non-professionals, either as a result of circumstances or because of convictions and a sense of duty.
Society is interested in increasing effectiveness of social work. However, it is difficult to define and measure it. Efficiency is understood as the ratio of the results of activities and the costs necessary to achieve this result. Efficiency in the social sphere is a complex category that consists of goals, results, costs and conditions of social activity. The result is the final result of any activity in relation to its purpose. It can be positive or negative. In social work, the result is the satisfaction of the needs of its objects, clients of social services, and on this basis the general improvement of the social situation in society. The criteria for the effectiveness of social work at the macro level can be indicators of the financial situation of the family (person), life expectancy, the level and structure of morbidity, homelessness, drug addiction, crime, etc.
The problem of the limits of social assistance to citizens is closely related to the criterion of effectiveness. As in the implementation of the income policy, it is necessary to take into account the possible negative consequences of massive social support: the appearance of dependency, passivity, unwillingness to make decisions and solve one's own problems. There may be negative developments in the social sphere (for example, active support for single mothers may result in a decrease in the marriage rate and, ultimately, the birth rate).
At the technical level of management in social work, we will consider the activities of the department of social protection using the example of the department of social protection (OSZN) of the population in the Frunzensky district of the department of social protection of the population of the administration of the city of Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai.
To determine the place of the department in the department of social protection of the population of Vladivostok, consider Fig.6.
The department of social protection of the population in the Frunzensky district of the administration of the city of Vladivostok is a structural subdivision of the department of social protection of the population of the administration of Vladivostok.
Funding sources are budgets of all levels. Financing is carried out in the manner prescribed by the bodies making the allocation Money.
The department includes the following sectors:
Family, motherhood and childhood;
Assignment and payment of child benefits;
Accounting and control.
The main objectives of the department are:
1. Work with the population to explain the procedure for the implementation of benefits provided for
federal laws, is conducted on the basis of the following federal laws:
a) "On Veterans" No. 535-FZ of January 12, 1995;
b) “On burial and funeral business” No. 8-FZ of 01/12/1996;
c) “On the rehabilitation of victims political repression» No. 1761 - dated 10/18/1991;
d) “On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation” No. 184-FZ of November 24, 1995;
e) “On State Social Assistance” No. 178-FZ of March 17, 1999;
f) “On State Benefits for Citizens with Children” of May 9, 1995;
g) “On the social protection of citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster” No. 179-FZ of November 24, 1995.
And by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the provision of benefits to former prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos and other places of detention created by the Nazis and their allies during the Second World War" No. 1235 of 10/15/1992, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 431 of 05/05/1992, "On measures for the social support of large families" and other regulations;
2. Implementation on the territory of the Frunzensky district of decisions and resolutions of the regional and city administrations on issues of social protection of the population;
3. Ensuring the correct and timely appointment and payments of monthly allowances for children established by law, compensation and other social payments in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Primorsky Territory;
4. Organization of work to attract extrabudgetary funds to finance the program of social assistance to the population of the region.
Functions and activities of the department.
Department in accordance with the tasks assigned to it:
1) identifies the causes and factors of social disadvantage of low-income groups of the population, their needs for assistance, examines them at the place of residence, puts them on record and makes proposals to the department of social protection of the population to provide them with social support;
2) carries out the implementation of resolutions, orders, the city administration and the city program of social support for low-income segments of the population in the district;
3) forms a database: privileged categories of citizens, recipients of benefits, compensation payments keeps records of them, makes payments;
4) collects documents for issuing certificates of entitlement to benefits;
5) on behalf of the department, submits data for verification with organizations providing benefits, in accordance with Federal laws for reimbursement of expenses from the Federal budget and the Federal Compensation Fund;
6) disposes of funds within the approved limits of budgetary obligations;
7) keeps accounting records of funds, material assets in accordance with their own estimates of income and expenses, approved by a higher manager;
8) keeps a record of people from among the residents of the district who need to be provided with individual means of transportation, sanatorium treatment, placement in boarding houses of general and specialized types, in home care and implement specific decisions on these issues;
9) prepares primary documents for registration of guardianship over adult capable persons in the form of patronage in accordance with the law;
10) organizes the issuance of humanitarian aid to the population of the region;
11) submit plans, statistical reports and reports on the work done to the department of social protection of the population in a timely manner;
12) consider proposals, applications, complaints of citizens, prepare responses to them in a timely manner;
13) draws up and issues sheets of train coupons to preferential categories of citizens;
14) organizes work with maladjusted persons; persons released from places of deprivation of liberty;
15) under the provision of appropriate conditions, organizes work on the social rehabilitation of disabled people, vocational training persons with disabilities, assists in registering with the employment service, sends them to study at higher and vocational educational establishments children with disabilities;
16) takes measures to prevent neglect and delinquency among minors, submits proposals to the department for the organization of employment, employment, health improvement and recreation of children registered with the department;
17) conducts reception of citizens on issues of social protection;
18) submit proposals to the department of social protection of the population on improving working conditions, creating a network of automated workstations (AWP) and using software in the work of the entire department, providing personal computers.
Field of activity.
The department organizes its work in the following areas:
Working with veterans, the disabled and the elderly;
On issues of social assistance to the family, motherhood and childhood;
Assignment and payment of monthly allowances for children;
On the organization of accounting and control.
The main forms of work of the department:
Organization of office work and documentation
Provision of the department according to the nomenclature of cases;
Formation of an archive of documents.
The main regulatory documents used by this organization.
The department in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal laws, the law "On general principles organizations of local self-government in the Russian Federation ", the Law of the Primorsky Territory "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Primorsky Territory", "On the Municipal Service in the Primorsky Territory", orders, resolutions, orders of the Head of the Administration of Vladivostok, orders, orders of the Head of the USZN Administration of the city of Vladivostok Vladivostok, by orders of the head of the OSZN for the Frunzensky district of Vladivostok, as well as Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions of the government of the Russian Federation, orders of the governor of the region: No. 1096 of September 29, 1999 child ", No. 120 dated February 28, 2002. "On approval of the Procedure for repayment of accounts payable on state benefits to citizens with children", No. 119 - FZ of 04.06.1997. "On Enforcement Proceedings"; orders and instructions of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation and the charter of the city of Vladivostok.
Description of customer service.
The department carries out work on the territory of the Frunzensky district of Vladivostok on the social protection of the disabled population and low-income families with minor children, as well as those in need of state support other population groups.
Clients are accepted three times a week - on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The number of clients is approximately 90 per week, their age ranges from 14 to 60 years.
Problems addressed in this organization, varied.
for example:
To receive child benefits, one-time and monthly; in case of arrears in the payment of child benefits; with a lack of material means of subsistence;
loss of a breadwinner;
Regarding the appointment of guardianship; as well as when changing the place of residence in connection with moving to another area and transferring the place of payment of benefits.
OSZN provides services for the provision of vouchers to improve health in a resort area or rest home.
When a client contacts the organization, a conversation is held with him (in the form of an interview) and an act of examination of material and living conditions is drawn up and marital status according to the next plan. The category of the family is determined (full, incomplete large, guardianship, with a disabled child, with a disabled parent), full name. the client and his family members; the presence of children, their age and their attendance at childcare facilities; the health status of family members; main sources of income (salary, pension, alimony) and additional; housing conditions, the size of the living area.
The presence is analyzed:
Essentials and luxury items;
Availability of transport in the family, personal plot, cottages, garden.
Based on this, a decision is made what the family needs and what assistance will be provided to it.
To solve customer problems, it is often necessary to involve other organizations, so the department interacts:
With enterprises, organizations of all forms of ownership and public associations on the organization of work in the field of social policy and on the provision of benefits provided for by Federal Laws;
With government agencies the Primorsky Territory Pension Fund for the exchange of necessary information;
with institutions public service medical and social expertise on the issues of determining disability and the implementation of an individual rehabilitation program for the disabled.
The list of services provided in OSZN:
Appointment, recalculation and payment of benefits;
Reception of citizens and consultations on the appointment and payment of child benefits;
Issuance of certificates to the court about the debt on the payment of benefits;
Issuance of certificates to single mothers when the latter apply to the court or department of subsidies;
Assistance is provided to the family in determining children in schools, kindergartens, etc.; determines the status - dependent, guardian, namesake;
Prepares cases for sending to other departments and departments; draws up an application to the social insurance fund, provides assistance to low-income groups of the population, makes preferential payments, provides people with disabilities with individual means of transportation and humanitarian assistance, issues travel coupons for a privileged category of citizens, assists in establishing disability, in the rehabilitation of disabled people, employment, health improvement, etc. .
The staff in the department works, each of the employees performs their duties in accordance with job descriptions. These are professionals in their field, who know the rights of citizens and protect them to the best of their competence and the law.
Questions for self-control:
1. What is governance?
2. Name the levels of management.
3. Give the meaning of management in social work.
4. Expand the concepts of subject, object, management in social work.
5. Who manages social work at the institutional level?
6. Give the functions of the Ministry of Health and Social Development.
7. Who organizes the provision of social guarantees, social services? Light up the features.
8. Briefly highlight the position on the social protection department of the Primorsky Territory Administration.
9. What is the structure of the social protection department of the administration of Primorsky Krai, and what functions do the departments perform?
10. Structure and functions of the department of social protection in the Frunzensky district of Vladivostok.
Planning as a function of management.
Essence of the planning function
Management functions are the activities of the governing bodies and officials, with the help of which they influence the managed object. Control objects are social workers, employees of services and institutions of social protection, the relationship between people in the provision of social assistance. The planning function is a forward control function along with forecasting.
social planning- method social management, the essence of which is to determine and justify the goals, objectives and pace of development of social processes and to develop the main means of their implementation.
Currently, social planning has focused on the territorial level, where the objects are the city, region, region. Social planning has the character of social forecasts and is focused on solving specific problems closely related to the territory of social and economic problems - employment of the population, social protection of the population, protection of its health, development of the sphere of socio-cultural services, ecology, etc.
Planning is making decisions in advance about what should be done and what is necessary for this, when to do it, who will do it, who will be responsible for the result.
We will consider the process of strategic planning. The strategic goal of social work is the most complete satisfaction of the needs of all segments of the population in social protection.
The word strategy comes from the Greek "art of the general." Strategy- a detailed comprehensive comprehensive plan designed to ensure the implementation of the mission of the organization and the achievement of its goals.
It must be remembered that in itself strategic planning does not guarantee success.
This confirms that all management functions are interconnected.
Strategic planning provides management with a means of creating a plan for the long term; provides a basis for decision making; helps reduce risk for decision making, helps clarify the most appropriate course of action, and creates unity of common purpose within the organization.
Stages of strategic planning
1. At the first stage of planning, an essential decision is the choice of the goals of the organization.
The main overall goal of the organization, i.e. a clearly expressed reason for its existence, denoted as its mission(responsible task, role, assignment). Goals are developed to carry out this mission.
Mission details the status of the organization and provides direction and benchmarks for setting goals and strategies at various organizational levels.
The mission statement should include:
1. The mission of the organization in terms of its core services, its core customers, core technologies—i.e. what activities the organization is engaged in;
2. Factors external environment in relation to the organization;
3. The culture of the organization - what type of working climate exists in the organization, what kind of people are attracted to this climate.
For example, the mission of the Department of Social Protection is to meet the social needs of the population. The mission of the Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children is to provide integrated care and support for families and children.
Some leaders do not attach importance to the choice of mission. This is especially true for leaders. commercial organizations. They believe that the mission is to make a profit.
The mission represents the value for the organization, but also the values and goals of the leaders higher levels affect the organization. Researchers note that strategic behavior is influenced by values (Igor Ansof). Gut and Tigiri identified 6 value orientations that affect acceptance management decisions, and also that the chosen goals depend on them.