What is the description of the wolf. Wolf or gray wolf
The places where the den is located during the breeding season are usually especially well protected, they are characterized by the proximity of watering places. The hunting areas of wolves are varied and are limited only by the possibilities of obtaining food.
In the tundra, the daytime places of wolves are confined mainly to river valleys and thickets on upland areas; in the forest-tundra such places often serve as forest pegs, thickets of willows and dwarf birches. In the tundra of Yamal and in Bolshezemelskaya, wolves make their dens mainly in the bushes in the valleys and less often in the dry meadows of the slopes; they use the terraces above the floodplain and dry willow thickets along the watersheds. Of the 11 biotopes in the river valleys, wolves use three, and in the interfluve (upland) spaces, out of 17 biotopes, only one (dry shrubs along the watersheds). Wolves inhabit the sea coasts more densely, where they often feed on sea emissions.
In the forest zone, wolves avoid monotonous continuous forests. In the taiga Western Siberia they keep mainly along the valleys (floodplains) of the rivers. AT Irkutsk region they prefer places where small patches of forest alternate with fields, and in winter they widely use roads and paths laid by man. In Karelia, wolves live mainly near populated areas, in sparse forests and shrubs adjacent to fields. AT winter time they not only approach populated areas, but often enter them. In Belarus, avoiding large forests, they prefer small dense copses with thickets.
In densely populated areas, wolves, although they live in the immediate vicinity of villages, stick to especially secluded places: forest islands, swamps, deaf ravines and gullies, dense shrubbery; at the same time, they often hold on to wastelands overgrown with weeds, and sometimes in crops.
In the steppes, wolves spend the day, and during the breeding season they make dens in deaf ravines and gullies overgrown with shrubs and weeds, along tugai thickets in the valleys of rivers and streams, along old weedy deposits and on crops. In Western Kazakhstan, in summer, wolves are common in reeds near water bodies, in ravines and hilly sands, if there are watering places. In winter, they concentrate near remote pastures, in reeds on the coast and near large lakes, as well as near settlements, where they feed on carrion and hunt dogs. In the north of Kazakhstan, wolves live in ravines, on wastelands, in weeds and pegs, choosing elevated dry areas. In winter, they spend the night here and stay mainly near human settlements, which they approach at night, and during the day they hide in weeds or reeds near lakes. In the Kustanai virgin steppes, they were sheltered by thickets of bean (Amygdatus papa) and steppe cherries.
In the deserts and semi-deserts of Central Kazakhstan in warm time years, wolves keep in the small hills near springs and streams, in deep sais (gorges and valleys), if there are water sources at their bottom, in reeds near water bodies and in island forests. In winter, they concentrate in transhumance areas, near rivers and lakes, or follow herds of saigas and goitered gazelles (in Betpak-Dala).
In the south of Kazakhstan, especially a lot of wolves live in the river valleys (Aksu, Karatal, Ili, Chu, Talas, Syr-Darya). In summer, they keep here in tugai, reeds and willows near the channels of lakes, less often in fixed hilly sands near the water. Here all year round many wild pigs, roe deer, hares, pheasants and waterfowl; Livestock is grazing right there. In winter, from the river valleys, wolves make raids at night to the adjacent areas, where livestock and goitered gazelles winter, but return to the valleys again for the day. In the sands, wolves keep only near watering places, arranging dens in saxaul forests or dense thickets of shrubs.
The distribution of wolves in biotopes is similar in other desert regions. Central Asia. In Turkmenistan, the wolf is widely distributed, but clearly tends to human settlements and places of grazing livestock. Found high in mountains (2000 m above sea level and above), in sandy and clayey desert and cultural landscape. In the heat, there are almost no wolves in the deep parts of the deserts, or they are rare there and stay only at a few wells used by people, where flocks stand and there is water left from the watering place of the herds. The animal keeps mainly along river valleys near watering places for wild ungulates (mainly gazelle) and livestock. In winter, when wild ungulates and herds are spread throughout the desert, the distribution of the wolf changes accordingly.
In the mountains, the wolf rises to a height of 3 and 4 thousand meters above sea level (Pamir). In the mountains, wolves are favored by a denser and very uneven snow cover, in which, following the ungulates, they adhere to less snow-covered slopes and blowouts.
In the North Caucasus, wolves prefer inhabited places, and in the deaf they are found only where there are many wild ungulates. The life of a wolf here is closely connected with herds of domestic animals, especially flocks of sheep, after which predators climb mountains in summer and go down in winter. Caucasian reserve 30% of cases of encounters with wolves occurred in the alpine zone, in dark coniferous forests - 32% and broadleaf forests - 38%.
In Armenia, the wolf inhabits dry subtropics, semi-desert, mountain steppes and meadow-steppes, subalpine and alpine meadows, is also found on skeletal mountains, rocks and screes, and does not avoid cultivated lands. Within Armenia, the wolf is encountered at altitudes of 560-3800 m above sea level. Summer most of Wolves live in the highlands in the grazing areas of livestock and in small numbers in the desert zone and the Skeleton Mountains. By winter, wolves descend into the valleys and only a small number of them remain in the mountains with herds of wild ungulates.
In mountainous Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, wolves stay in the summer on alpine meadows abounding with marmots and wild ungulates, where livestock also graze at this time. In the upper reaches mountain rivers(at altitudes of 3000-3500 m above sea level) wolves also bring out cubs at this time. After the establishment of snow cover in the mountains, following wild and domestic ungulates, they descend to the foothills and valleys; only a small part of the wolves lingers among the herds of wild, and sometimes domestic ungulates, remaining in the mountains in the winter in the sun and blowing.
In Semirechye, apparently, there are two populations of wolves; one lives in the mountains and for the winter, together with ungulates, goes down, wintering in the foothills, and the other, a flat population, lives in the summer in impassable thickets of sea buckthorn, tamarisk and other shrubs in tugai. Both are associated with flocks of sheep and wild ungulates.
The fur is thick and long (up to 8 cm); the undercoat is formed by stiff, long outer hairs, black at the ends, which repel water, which is why the wolf's undercoat does not get wet. The hairline of animals from the middle and southern regions is coarse, while those from the northern regions are rather fluffy and soft.
Wolves molt twice a year. spring molt in the north comes in the second half of April and lasts until June. The thinning of winter fur begins with the nape and sides, while at the same time, the hairline falls off on the rump. Gradually, the change of hair extends to the spine and back of the body. Autumn molt in the north captures the period from late August to late October, sometimes until mid-November.
Lifespan: Wolves can live 12-16 years; many of them die of starvation, others perish from a variety of diseases to which they are subject in the same way as dogs.
Eating behavior: On average, wolves eat 4.5 kg of meat per day, and in case of successful prey, they can eat up to 9 kg. A wolf needs at least 1.5 kg of food per day, and about 2.3 kg for successful breeding. Ideas about the extreme voracity of the wolf are exaggerated and are explained by the fact that predators, having obtained this or that large animal and having had enough, take away the remains of the meat and hide it, so that it seems that the prey was eaten at one time. Wolves are hardy animals and can go without food for two weeks or more.
Behavior
In most cases, the wolf is limited to the den, much less often (mainly in open area- steppes, tundra, etc.) settles in burrows, adapting the old holes of marmots, foxes, badgers, arctic foxes. For a lair, he usually uses natural shelters - depressions under the roots of an inverted tree, among a windbreak, a cleft of rocks or a slope of a ravine, etc. undergrowth on its outskirts, etc. With a lack of convenient places, especially in the steppe regions, but sometimes even in the forest zone, the lair is arranged in the remnants of hay or straw. The lair is used with great constancy from year to year, and only the total extermination of the brood leads to the disappearance of wolves from this point for a number of years. A permanent den serves only during the education of the young, and the rest of the year the wolves lead a more or less wandering life. However, in middle lane migrations do not go beyond the limits of the hunting area and only in the tundra and steppes are they of a wider nature.
The wolf has a well-developed sense of smell and hearing, which helps to easily find prey. In the wind, he picks up the smell of even the smallest animal located 1-2 kilometers from him. Hearing the noise, the wolf moves his ears and determines where the sound comes from.
Wolves can be found in different time days, but they are most active at night and at dusk. Most often, wolves move at a walk or trot, less often at a gallop, and in some cases, at a short distance, they move to a quarry. The chain of traces is distinguished by its straightness, and each individual print is distinguished by its clear outlines.
A pack of wolves moves in single file, exactly trail after trail, and only at turns and stops can one find out the number of animals. Thanks to strong muscular paws, the wolf can trot for a long time at a speed of 9 km / h, and in pursuit of deer and elk it accelerates to 60 km / h.
Wolves have a well-developed sign language (facial expressions, position and movements of the tail, head, ears, body, etc.), which unites the pack and helps it act as one. The welcome ceremony is also obligatory in the flock, when the members of the flock express their respect to the leader - they crawl towards him with their ears pressed down and smoothed hair, lick and gently bite his muzzle.
Hunting Behavior: Wolves are very highly developed predators. They have great physical strength, endurance and agility. When wolves hunt in packs, they distribute duties among themselves: part of the pack drives the prey, while the other sits in ambush. The ways of hunting among wolves are extremely diverse and depend both on the conditions of the area, the type of prey, and on the experience of a particular individual or pack. So in winter, wolves often drive ungulates to a crust or a frozen pond, where it is easier for them to catch up and overpower even a strong victim. Some flocks drive prey into natural dead ends: blockages of trees, placers of stones, ravines, etc. Like foxes, wolves can "mouse", hunting for small rodents and insectivores. Feature The feeding behavior of wolves, like many other predators, is food storage. It has long been known that a wolf never hunts near its nest, which can explain the observation when young roe deer and wolf cubs played together in the same clearing.
Depending on the results of the hunt, the night crossing is 25-40 km, but if necessary, it can be much longer. As indicated, in the middle zone of the country, even in the autumn-winter period, migrations go beyond the boundaries of the permanent hunting area of a given pair or family. In the tundra and in the Asian steppes and deserts, the migrations of wolves capture much larger areas and often take on the character of long-distance migrations following the herds. reindeer, roe deer, etc. Regular seasonal movements of wolves from one vegetation belt to another are observed in the mountains. So, for example, in the Caucasus, wolves in summer and autumn stay mainly in the alpine and subalpine zones, and for the winter they migrate down to the fir and beech forests, where there is less snow and the main wintering grounds of ungulates are concentrated. In addition to regular seasonal movements, there are cases of sudden appearance a large number wolves in some areas.
The wolf is a normal gray wolf.
wolf normal, Gray wolf - the animal is incredibly hardy. In order to survive in places with a harsh climate, the gray wolf has acquired some qualities that increase the level of vitality. For example, wolves inhabiting the territories of the Arctic latitudes have adapted to endure long polar nights and harsh weather conditions.
After all, even in February, when the sun rises again over these harsh lands, temperatures of -40 and a piercing icy wind are a frequent occurrence here. Other types of wolves have adapted perfectly to life in the desert or on the wet marshy shores of the Gulf of Mexico.
The domestic dog is considered a relative of the wild wolf, more precisely, wolves are the distant ancestors of dogs. Indeed, despite the fact that wolves are larger, these animals can find a lot in common. However, it is difficult to imagine that a dog of any breed, be it a pug or a Doberman, is a descendant of this predatory animal.
Characteristics of a wolf.
Wolf normal has a well-developed intellect. This could not but be reflected in the appearance of the animal: first of all, the intellect of the wolf is reflected in its penetrating gaze.
The weight and size of the animal varies over a fairly wide range and depends on the species. The height of the animal at the withers ranges from 0.6 to 0.95 m, and the weight is from 20 to 62 kg.
Gray wolf- most major representative canine families. Male wolves weighing over 77 kg have been recorded in Alaska and Canada. But wolves of such gigantic sizes are extremely rare.
The world's largest wolf was killed in Alaska, the animal weighed 80 kg. And the representatives of the subspecies of the Arabian wolf are considered the smallest, the adult female of this subspecies weighs no more than 10 kg.
The weight of the female is always less than the weight of their male compatriots by approximately 22%. The length of the body of a wolf, measured from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail, ranges from 1.3 to 2 m, while the tail occupies about a quarter of this length.
As mentioned above, the common wolf is incredibly hardy. narrow rib cage, the powerful back and paws of this animal endow it with the ability to overcome long distances. The wolf is able to overcome many kilometers, moving at a speed of 10 km / h. It is also known that during the chase, the wolf is able to reach speeds of up to 65 km / h. At this speed, he can run a distance of no more than 5 km.
The social structure of wolves.
Wolves usually live in a pack. The flock begins its formation when the male connects with the female. The couple is looking for a suitable place to settle down and raise offspring. The pups stay with their parents until they are old enough to leave the pack.
This usually occurs at the age of 3 years, with a lot of important role plays the presence of favorable conditions that allow the young wolf to start a family. The structure of the pack can be represented as follows: the unchanging core is a pair of wolf and she-wolf, the rest of the pack members are their offspring, they can often change, leaving the pack to start an independent life.
There is a clear hierarchy in the pack, headed by an alpha male and an alpha female. Their influence, to a certain extent, extends to all processes occurring in the pack. In larger flocks, in addition to the main hierarchical branch, two more independent ones are added.
The first hierarchical branch exists among males and is headed by an alpha male, the second - among females and is headed, respectively, by an alpha female. In this case, the alpha male occupies a dominant position in the entire pack. However, there are situations when the female takes the dominant position inseparably.
This usually happens during the breeding season. The female single-handedly chooses a place for the lair and also receives help from the rest of the pack in feeding offspring. This primarily means that the pack hunts to feed the she-wolf or her cubs.
The female and male branches of the hierarchy exist independently of each other and require constant confirmation through aggression and demonstrations of dominance and submission. Breeding control is one of the primary privileges of the pack's alphas.
The alpha pair usually has the exclusive right to breed, while they actively and quite aggressively prevent the reproduction of other adult members of the pack. To form own family they need to leave the flock.
Another privilege of the alpha couple is access to food. If the flock caught big booty, then the alpha pair and their offspring are the first to approach it. Therefore, in times of famine, it is more profitable for the rest of the flock to separate and try to feed themselves. However, when there is no shortage of food, the meal of the wolves is quite amicable.
In a large wolf pack there is always a second place in the hierarchy. Wolves that occupy this stage are called beta males or beta females. They often take on the role of educators of offspring, during the absence of parents of wolf cubs.
As a rule, sooner or later the beta male or female will challenge the leader to take his place, although some of them are quite satisfied with the second place. In this case, beta males or females even allow lower-ranking wolves to take the place of leader in the pack under certain conditions, for example, in the event of the death of the alpha male.
The more ambitious betas, however, are unwilling to wait long and challenge rather soon or split off from the pack to form their own. It happens that the alpha male, being in advanced years, voluntarily gives way to the beta.
Stronger alpha males will fight to the last to maintain the dominant role, such fights often end in serious damage to both. The loser is usually expelled from the pack or killed if aggressive wolves join the opponent. Such dominance battles are most common during mating season.
A hierarchy within the wolf pack is established and maintained through a series of "ritual fights" and demonstrations. Wolves prefer a psychological duel to a physical skirmish, which means that personal qualities more important than size or physical strength in the struggle for high rank.
The order in which the hierarchy is established may differ from pack to pack, for example, if there are many non-aggressive males in a large pack, then the hierarchy in the pack will constantly change, the same situation will be observed in a pack of young wolves.
Feeding and hunting of wolves.
Wolves can hunt as a pack or on their own. However, wolves hunting in a pack have a greater advantage, since acting together they are able to kill an animal that surpasses them both in strength and size.
The wolf is a strict predator, so not all food is suitable to support his body. He rarely finishes his prey. Hunting for a wolf is not a sporting interest, but a necessary condition for survival.
Wolves can not only hunt, they can also eat carrion. Any animal can become their prey. large mammal before small rodent. Here are some of them: deer, moose, caribou, elk, bison, musk ox. From medium-sized animals, these are beaver, hare and other rodents.
The wolf has a large stomach volume, which allows him to eat up to 9-11 kg of food at a time. This same feature gives the wolf the ability to go without food for up to 2 weeks or even longer, under adverse conditions.
Their digestive system is very well thought out, because in addition to large pieces of meat that the wolf’s stomach can digest, which make up 5% of the total food volume, large fragments of bones and wool enter the wolf’s stomach.
Due to the fact that the bones caught in digestive system wolves somehow turn into tufts of undigested wool, the animal manages to avoid injuring the intestines.
Wolf cubs feed on food regurgitated by an adult wolf from the stomach or on pieces of meat that adult wolves bring to the den after a successful hunt.
Wolves play an important role in the ecosystem. During the hunt, they kill only weakened animals, thus improving the herd's gene pool and ridding it of burdensome animals.
For example, a sick animal lives among a herd of deer, which not only poses a threat of infection to other members of the herd, but also eats food that could feed the growing young. By destroying such an animal, the wolf performs its useful functions.
Wolves live and hunt mainly in their own territory. Members of the pack control and protect their possessions from invading outsiders. The size of the pack's possessions depends on the abundance of food.
During the period when conditions are not favorable, the area of the territory can decrease to 65-78 sq km, with best conditions the territory occupied by a flock can cover up to 208 -234 sq km.
Before the start of the hunt, wolves gather together to greet each other and howl to scare away strangers from their territory. Then the wolves comb all their possessions until they find a victim.
The wolf approaches the victim against the direction of the wind, so that the animal does not run away, smelling the scent of a predator. The flock slowly approaches the prey, often lining up in a row one after another. As soon as their prey realizes that a predator is chasing it and tries to escape, the wolves give chase.
Having overtaken the prey, the wolves try to bite it on the back or sides. Most often, large horned animals are attacked in this way in order to prevent him from defending himself with horns and avoid possible damage. As soon as the victim falls, they are killed by a bite in the throat or muzzle. Then the carcass is dragged aside and they start eating.
The hunt for wolves can be over in a few minutes, or it can take hours. The more successfully the attack is built, the greater the chances of a successful completion of the hunt. If the attack fails, then the wolves continue to hunt until they catch the prey. After all, it is a matter of survival.
Reproduction.
The mating season for wolves is from January to March. According to pack laws, only the alpha male and alpha female mate, which helps control the population.
During mating season the alpha pair lives in seclusion to prevent interference from the rest of the pack. Mating attempts between other members of the pack are met with aggression from the alpha pair, the alpha male usually expelling the offending male from the pack.
Two broods in a flock are rare. To prevent this, the alpha female shows aggression towards other females and tries to physically protect the alpha male from them during the mating season.
Unlike dogs, in which estrus occurs twice during the year, estrus in a she-wolf occurs once. Wolves do not lose their reproductive abilities until 10 years of age.
The gestation period of the female lasts 60-63 days. Wolf cubs are born absolutely helpless: blind and deaf. In the litter of the female, on average, from 4 to 6 puppies are born, however, it may happen that the female will give birth to 1 cub or 14. The puppies spend the first 8 weeks of their lives in the den.
The lair is most often located on a hill near the reservoir. This is where the cubs will take their first steps. At first, they explore the area in the immediate vicinity of the lair, and then gradually move away to a considerable distance, up to one and a half kilometers from their home.
At the age of 4 weeks, cubs develop milk teeth and begin to eat partially digested food, which is regurgitated by adults. During the first weeks of life, only their mother is present with the cubs, but after 6 weeks from the moment of birth, the cubs are partially weaned from their mother and the whole pack is involved in the upbringing process. Being under the supervision of the entire pack, the cubs are more likely to survive.
When the cubs are 2 months old, they are transferred to another safe place where they will stay when the pack goes hunting. Of course, they are not alone there: one or two adult wolves remain to look after them.
A few weeks later, the cubs may be allowed to join the hunt, but so far only as observers. Wolf cubs will act as active participants when they are strong enough, this will happen at the age of 8 months.
Despite their low rank in the pack, wolf cubs are the first to be allowed to prey. Fights for the right to eat first between the cubs form a hierarchy among them. So already at such a young age, wolf cubs learn to play dominant and submissive roles, which are very important for them. later life in a flock.
Having reached puberty at the age of 2-3 years, the wolf can leave the pack at will, find a mate and organize its own pack on its territory.
The conservation status of the wolf.
Sorry wolf long time mistakenly considered a pest, which led to the almost complete destruction of this predator. Today, people have become more educated in this matter, but nevertheless, there is still such an opinion among many farmers. Through the efforts of specialists and enthusiasts, many projects have been launched, the main task of which is to support the process of reintroducing the wolf.
A short message about the wolf can be used in preparation for the lesson. The story about the wolf for children can be supplemented with interesting facts.
report about the wolf
The wolf is a predator that lives in the forests. Previously, they lived almost all over the world, but now they have become much smaller.
Wolf: description of the animal
Outwardly, wolves look like big dogs with a strong, muscular body and high legs
The size and weight of wolves depend on the area in which they live, the closer to the north, the larger the animal. Usually males are larger than females. On average, their height ranges from 60 to 85 cm, head and body length 100 - 160 cm, tail length 35 - 56 cm. Weight of females 18 - 55 kg, males 20 - 80 kg.
The muzzle is elongated, broad and very expressive. The tail is long, thick and carried down. The fur of wolves is thick and long, consisting of two layers, helping to keep them warm in winter time. The coat color varies from light to dark grey.
The wolf's mouth is armed with 42 teeth: predatory teeth are designed to tear prey into pieces and grind bones, and with the help of fangs, the beast holds and drags its prey tightly.
Where do wolves live?
In nature, the wolf can be found in Europe (Ukraine, Belarus, Italy, Portugal, Scandinavia, etc.), in Asia (Russia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Iran, the Hindustan Peninsula, etc.), in North America (Canada and Alaska). The wolf lives in all habitats except rainforest and arid deserts.
Being nocturnal animals, during the day wolves rest in various natural shelters, thickets and shallow caves, but often use the burrows of marmots, arctic foxes or badgers, and dig holes themselves very rarely.
How long does a wolf live?
The life expectancy of a wolf in nature is from 8 to 16 years, in captivity it can reach 20 years.
What does a wolf eat?
The wolf eats everything he can catch, and everyone who is weaker than him. These are: deer, elks, roe deer, wild boars, antelopes. In addition to large animals, hares, ground squirrels, and rodents play an important role in the diet of wolves. AT summer period eat fish, birds, frogs, geese and ducks. They often return to the remains of half-eaten, their own prey, mainly in times of famine. Do not disdain wolves and carrion.
A wolf is a hunter capable of defeating an animal ten times heavier than himself. His only weapon is his nose and sharp teeth. A lone wolf can only handle a big deer or a sheep, but a pack can easily overwhelm a half-ton elk or bison.
The wolf runs easily and quickly, in such a rhythm it can cover 80 km in 24 hours.
wolf breeding
Female wolves mature at 2 years of age, males become sexually mature at the age of 3 years. When new pairs are formed, fierce fights begin between males, and a weaker rival often dies. At the time of mating, partners leave the pack and retire.
The gestation period is from 62 to 65 days, after which 5-9, 10-13 blind wolf cubs are born.
Wolves - caring parents and very smart animals. They take care of the cubs, and other wolves from the pack help their parents.
- Wolves attack humans extremely rarely, and in most cases, aggression is shown by animals infected with rabies.
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Wolves are the true children of the night, gray silent shadows with burning eyes, appearing on winter evenings on the outskirts of the village, from their howling the blood runs cold in the veins of a lonely traveler, who, by the will of fate, found himself at night in the wilderness. At their approach, the horses snort wildly and carry, and the drivers do not even try to hold them back, but only continuously look back at the steadily approaching flock and whip the troika with a whip in the vain hope of getting away from this terrible chase. So, or something like this, wolves are depicted in novels and folk tales. And they also eat red riding hoods, their grandmothers and naughty piglets, but this is already from the stories for the smallest and most gullible readers.
Perhaps there is no other such animal as a wolf, whose existence would be surrounded by such an incredible amount of tales, myths and legends. Meanwhile, there is nothing mysterious and supernatural in the way wolves live, of course. Wolves by nature typical predators. Nature endowed them with an effective tool for killing - sharp powerful fangs, which, combined with perfectly developed hearing and scent, powerful paws and highly developed intelligence, turns them into real super hunters. Zoologists have long studied and described in detail the way of life of the wolf.
wolf diet
The basis of the wolf diet is moose, deer, sheep, saigas, goats and other large ungulates. Wolves can go without food for up to a crescent. If there is sufficient forage base, the average wolf eats up to five kilograms of meat per day, and if the hunt was very successful, it can eat twice as much. In the summer, when the pack breaks up, wolves are happy to hunt hares and other small rodents and love to feast on all kinds of wild berries and apples that have fallen from the trees.
Where do wolves live
Wolves have the widest range of any carnivore. northern hemisphere our planet. Wolves live in many areas North America, Asia and Europe. The area of their distribution stretched from the southern deserts to the tundra and the coast of the Northern Arctic Ocean. Wolves live in a variety of natural landscapes, but they prefer the forest-steppe, tundra and steppe, they try to avoid large and dense forests.
Wolves lifestyle
Wolves live in packs consisting of the leader, his she-wolf, several low-ranking wolves of both sexes, who are usually the grown-up children of the main female, and small puppies that are outside the hierarchy and their life among wolves is not subject to general rules flocks. In summer, the pack breaks up, and the wolves move to sedentary life. Married couples, which in wolves, unlike people, are very constant, because wolves are monogamous in nature, arrange dens. There, after two months of pregnancy, females bring up to ten small blind wolf cubs, which will grow up very quickly and, by the end of summer, will take an active part in hunting along with the rest of the wolves, who have again gathered in a pack.