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Brief information about the city of Vienna. Vienna: population, standard of living, social security, history of the city, sights, infrastructure development, photos

Vein simply amazing city. I went here to Honeymoon. There are a lot of interesting sights here, luxurious residences of the august persons and nobles, large parks, and the inhabitants of this city are very friendly. I hope that someday I will be able to visit Vienna.

Where is Vienna

Vienna is located in Austria. This city is one of the most ancient cities not only throughout Europe, but also peace. Vienna is indeed one of the most interesting world capitals.


It is located in Eastern part of the country(on the banks of the Danube, at the foot of the Alps). Lives here almost two million peopleto. The area of ​​this city is 415 km².

Localities that are nearby:

  • Baden;
  • Stockerau;
  • Krems on the Danube;
  • Trismauer.

The atmosphere of Vienna cannot be expressed in words, it needs to be felt, as they say in your own skin. But before you go here, find out about it Interesting Facts:

  • I think a lot of people have heard about viennese score. This event takes place annually. Tickets are selling like hot cakes and are not cheap. from 200 to 20000 Euro. Plus here also the cost of preparing for this event.
  • There is no need here buy bottled water. You can drink straight from the tap. Water in the city water supply comes from Alps.
  • Five years ago, Vienna was recognized « the best city for life". Two hundred and twenty cities fought for this title.
  • If you go over a little with alcohol in the Viennese bars, then it's okay. Everywhere they stand sobering machines. You need to approach him, throw a coin, turn your nose and they will pour in there vapors of ammonia. And that's it, you're sober again.

So what I liked the most about Vienna Opera. I advise you to visit there. Go to category B performance, at least the tickets for it are not so expensive.

I was also able to visit Schönbrunn Zoo. He's just huge. The zoo is very clean, well-groomed enclosures, and most importantly large, especially for elephants and various predators. I was here for the first time in my life to see panda. Cute animal.


Vienna (German: Wien) is the capital of Austria, located in the eastern part of the country. It is one of the nine lands of Austria, surrounded on all sides by the territory of another land - lower austria. The population of Vienna - 1.651 million people (end of 2005); together with the suburbs - about 2 million.

The city is the third city - the seat of the UN (after New York and Geneva). The International Vienna Center (so-called UNO-City) includes the IAEA, UNODC, the United Nations Organization for industrial development and others. Headquarters of such international organizations as, for example, OPEC and OSCE are located in Vienna.

Old city Vienna in December 2001 was listed cultural heritage UNESCO.

The city is located in the eastern part of Austria at the foot of the Alps, on the banks of the Danube, 60 km from the border with Slovakia. The Danube flows through Vienna with its branch Donaukanal and the river Vienna. Historically, the city developed south of the Danube, but in the last two centuries, Vienna has grown on both sides of the river. highest height cities above sea level are noted in the Germanskogel area (542 m), and the lowest - in Esling (155 m). The city is surrounded by the Vienna Woods.

The geographically advantageous position makes Vienna a very convenient place for developing diversified relations with Eastern countries. This became especially noticeable after 1989, when the so-called iron curtain “fell”. For example, only 60 km separate Vienna from the capital of Slovakia Bratislava - this is the shortest distance between two capitals in all of Europe, excluding the Vatican and Rome.

The shape of Vienna resembles a circle crossed by the chord of the Danube River. Since Roman times, the city has expanded in concentric circles. His central part, the so-called inner city (Innere Stadt), almost coincides with the administrative boundaries of the first district. Ring (Ring - ring) is a chain of boulevards that form a ring. The history of the Ring began in 1857, when the emperor decided to destroy the fortifications that were no longer needed. The Gürtel, a belt forming a concentric circle around the Ring, arose in 1890. It swallowed up the villages surrounding Vienna and the churches built on the site of the parish churches that surrounded the capital of the empire in the past. Behind the Gürtel is the so-called "Red Vienna", that is, the workers' quarters built by the socialists in 1923-1934.

The climate is subalpine, its formation is significantly influenced by the proximity to the mountains. Winter: average air temperature? 1.5 C, occasionally there are frosts from - 12 to - 18, snowfalls are frequent. Summer: the average air temperature is about +20 C. Atmospheric precipitation: 700-2000 mm per year.

Story
Vienna was originally a Celtic settlement called Vindobona, founded around 500 BC. e. and located on the site of the modern central district of the city. In 15 BC. e. the city was conquered by the XX legion "Gemina" and turned into an outpost of the Roman Empire, designed to protect the borders from the attacks of the Germanic tribes from the north. AT last period During the Roman rule in Norica, Vindobona was called Fabiana (lat. Fabiana), after the name of the Fabian cohort (cohors Fabiana) that lodged in it. The Romans occupied Vindobona until the 5th century, after which it was burned.

Dwellings begin to spring up around the ruins of Vienna, and around 800 the St. Ruprecht Church, the oldest church in Vienna, is built.

In 881, the city was first mentioned under the name Wenia. The following references date back to the 1030s. Having withstood several attacks by the Slavs and Hungarians, by the 10th century Vienna had become an important trading city.

By the middle of the XII century. Vienna becomes the residence of the Austrian Dukes of Babenberg - in 1155, Duke Henry II of the Babenberg family built a house on Am Hof ​​square.

Since 1278 Vienna has been a stronghold of the Habsburg dynasty.

In 1469, Pope Paul II gave Kaiser Frederick III permission to establish the Bishopric of Vienna.

In 1529 and 1683 Vienna was unsuccessfully besieged by the Turks. In 1679, a plague broke out in Vienna. The population of the city, which was 100 thousand people, decreased by a third. From the 16th century, Vienna became the capital multinational state Austrian Habsburgs; from the 17th century and especially in the 18th century, it became the focus of numerous court bureaucracy. Since the 18th century in Vienna, the manufacturing industry develops (textile production and the production of luxury goods). In the XVIII - early XIX century Vienna - an important center of world culture, especially music. In 1805 and 1809 Napoleon's troops entered Vienna. In 1814, the Vienna Congress was held in the city, which revised political map Europe. In 1867-1918 Vienna was the capital of Austria-Hungary.

In the first half of the XIX century. there was progress in the field of culture and art - the Biedermeier style arose, the founders of which were famous Viennese composers, artists and theater figures. Vienna becomes a pan-European music Center. The Biedermeier era ended with the revolution of 1848, in which the inhabitants of Vienna took an active part.

AT late XIX in. culture, science and education continue to flourish in Vienna. The University of Vienna and the Academy of Sciences are world famous. In 1897, representatives of the Viennese bohemia created the Secession group, which included K. Moser, G. Klimt, K. Moll and O. Wagner.

By the beginning of the XX century. Vienna - The largest city in Europe with a population of more than 2 million people (now - 1.6 million people). However, political events in Europe became a turning point for Vienna - with the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Republic during the First World War, Vienna is losing its former influence.

First World War led to the fall of the House of Habsburg, and the creation of the First Republic caused an economic decline in Vienna, generated by inflation and internal political struggle. In 1928, mass civil unrest broke out in Vienna, and in February 1934 the country was engulfed in civil war.

April 13, 1945 Vienna was liberated by the Red Army. In July 1945, an agreement was signed on occupation zones in Austria and on the administration of Vienna. The city was divided into 4 sectors of occupation: Soviet, American, English and French; the center was allocated for joint quadripartite occupation.

Vienna is now a major cultural and economic center Western Europe.

Transport
Well developed in Vienna public transport. It is based on the Vienna Underground and the Vienna S-Bahn, which are complemented by a network of tram and bus routes. Autobahn network and railways connects Vienna with other cities in Austria and Europe. The Single Main Station is under construction, long-haul flights are served by three main stations: South, West and Franz Josef Station. Vienna International Airport Vienna-Schwechat is located 18 kilometers southeast of the city center and is the largest and most important airport in Austria.

Sights of Vienna

The symbol of the city - St. Stephen's Cathedral(Stephansdom), patron saint of the Austrian capital. The cathedral is over 800 years old. Under the cathedral there are ancient catacombs - the burial place of representatives of the Habsburg dynasty, its interior decoration is simply bewitchingly beautiful, and a Turkish cannonball is embedded in its spire, which fell into the cathedral during the Turkish siege of the city in the 16th century. On the walls of the Stephansdom you can see the measures of length, size and weight, which in the Middle Ages used to check the goods when buying, and from its observation deck you can enjoy a magnificent view of the Danube and Vienna. Opposite the cathedral lies the beautiful Stephansplatz square and the post-modern glass building of the commercial center Haas Haus. The Graben Street departs from the square, the "heart of the city", another symbol of Vienna, on which such famous sights as the Peitzeuil column, the Sacher Hotel and the Peterskirche church are concentrated. The most fashionable shops are also located here. It is interesting to get acquainted with the nearby Michalerkirche, San Marie am Gestade, Franciskanerkirche, the neo-Gothic City Hall (1872-1883), one of the most beautiful squares in the world - Josefplatz with the Palace Chapel and Burgtheater (1874-1888) located on it, the building Parliament (1883), in front of which stands the statue of Pallas Athena, and the famous Vienna Opera (1861-1869) - the venue for the iconic annual Opera Ball.

A little southwest of the Graben and Josefplatz lies the majestic complex Imperial Palace Hofburg(XIII-XIX centuries), built on the site of the Bavarian fort (1278), which now houses a number of government organizations of the country and the OSCE. The premises of the palace house the Spanish Riding School - the famous Winter Manege of the Habsburgs (1735), the Schatzkammer Treasure Exhibition (the crown of the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Imperial Crown made in 962 in its collection), a separate hall of the Burgundian Treasury (regalia , ceremonial robes, jewels and relics of the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Dukes of Burgundy, including the "Sacred Spear", which allegedly pierced the crucified Christ), the imperial reception hall and the bedroom of Kaiser Franz Joseph.

In separate buildings of the complex there are the Vienna House of Arts, the unique Austrian National Library (XVIII century), which contains more than 2 million books, notes, manuscripts and ancient manuscripts, as well as the Augustinkirche court church and one of the richest art collections in the world - the Albertina Gallery (1800).

Near the Hofburg Palace there is a unique workshop of Petit Pointe, where handbags, brooches and miniature snuff boxes embroidered with tiny crosses have been made for many centuries.

You should definitely visit the Church of St. Ruprecht and the summer residence of the Habsburgs - Schönbrunn Palace, which has more than 1400 rooms and halls. Now the Museum of Weapons, a collection of costumes and horse-drawn carriages "Wagenburg", a beautiful park with fountains, a greenhouse and a zoo are located here. Fine examples of architecture are located on a hill in the southeastern part of the city, the palace of Prince Eugene of Savoy - Belvedere Castle (1714-1723) with the Gallery of Austrian Art of the 19th-20th centuries. (most big collection Klimt, Schiele and Kokoschka) and the chambers of Archduke Ferdinand, the baroque Karlskirche (1739) and the Stadtpark, the University, the palace of Count Manfeld-Fondi and the Vatican Church.

Pride of Vienna - beautiful parks, varied in their appearance and purpose. The Prater is considered the most "popular" park in Vienna (it has been operating since the 18th century) and is famous for the largest Ferris wheel in the world (65 m) and excellent restaurants. Dozens of musical performances and symphony concerts are regularly held in the old Augarten park. The famous Vienna Woods park, located in the vicinity of the capital, in the foothills of the Eastern Alps, is a whole forest area with its own towns and hotels, resorts and thermal springs. Bounded on one side by the picturesque Danube valley and vineyards, and on the other by the famous resort area of ​​Baden and Bad Voslau, the Vienna Woods is a favorite vacation spot for the Viennese and visitors to the country.

There are probably more interesting museums in the Austrian capital than in any other city in the world.

Not a single tourist can resist the temptation to visit the famous Viennese cafes and restaurants, which are the same integral attribute of the city as the Stephansdom or the "crooked house" Hundertwasser Haus. Viennese cafes are the oldest in the world. The most famous are the classical "Maria Theresa", the fashionable "Do-and-Co", the modernist "Museum", as well as "Mozart", "Fiacre", "Central", "Melange" and "Demel", where the most diverse audience gathers, Freud's favorite cafes are Landman, the respectable Sacher and Havelka, whose walls are decorated with paintings left as payment by famous artists, as well as Dommeyer, in which Strauss made his debut.

The restaurants of the capital are no less famous and charming. The historic "Piaristenkeller" has two museums of its own and offers dishes based on 18th century recipes. The Greichenbeisl restaurant is the oldest "drinking establishment" in Vienna; already in the 16th century, a tavern worked here. Almost everyone was in it. famous people countries and the world - from Bekhoven and Strauss, to Mark Twain and Chaliapin. Also famous are the Plaschutta restaurants on the Auhofstrasse, Temple on the Praterstrasse, Hansen and Stomach, as well as the wine cellars ("heuriger") of the Grinzing district. There are more than 180 cozy "heurigers" in Vienna - from tiny, no larger than a living room, where regulars come from neighboring streets, to huge, chicly furnished halls where you can meet a simple crown, and an aristocrat from the "high society".

Viennese surroundings
The surroundings of Vienna are no less good than the capital itself. On the banks of the Danube, 70 km west of Vienna, lie the ruins of the Dürnstein fortress (XII century), the prisoner of which was the legendary English king Richard the Lionheart. In Tulln, in the castle of Atzenburg, concerts dedicated to Schubert are held all year round (in these places the estate of the uncle of the great composer was located, which he often visited). According to the Nibelungenlied, it was here that the first battle of the legendary Siegfried with the Hun king Etzel (Attila) took place. Nearby lie the ruins of the fortress of Araburg - the last stronghold of the Protestants in Austria. The Cistercian monasteries of the Heiligenkreutze are located 25 km southwest of Vienna. Gumpoldskirchen is dominated by the castle of the German knights with the parish church of St. Michael and the statue of St. Nepomuk on the picturesque bridge, as well as the famous wine cellars. Very close to Vienna is the town of Klosterneuburg, where local monks have been producing wine for almost a thousand years, so local school winemaking is considered one of the oldest in Europe.

Vienna, the capital of Austria, is deservedly considered one of the coziest and most beautiful cities in Central. Thousands of tourists come to this ancient city every year to enjoy the picturesque places of this city, to feel the spirit ancient history, to touch the famous cultural and historical values, and, of course, to relax and have fun. For those who are not too familiar with this city and no, no, yes, and are wondering " Vienna city of which country?”, we have prepared this small digression, which, we hope, will help not only to learn a lot of interesting things about this city, but also to plan a trip here on your next vacation.

- The population of Vienna according to 2012 is 1.73 million people.

– The area of ​​Vienna is 415 km².

- Euro is used as the currency.

— The population of the city is particularly friendly and hospitable.

— There are a lot of Russian-speaking people in Vienna, so when walking around the city, you will surely hear Russian speech. As a rule, these are immigrants from Russia, Ukraine, who moved to permanent residence, many of whom opened their own business in the field of tourism.

— In Vienna, since the end of the 19th century, tap water has been supplied to the taps of the townspeople's houses from mountain springs, thanks to which it is considered the cleanest city water in the world.

- Holidays in city ​​Vienna Austria really a weekend, so most shops, pharmacies and other establishments are closed these days.

- Going to a restaurant to eat, you can not be afraid to leave hungry. You will be surprised by the gigantic portions at a moderate price.

What to see in Vienna Austria

The amazing city of Vienna is simply overflowing with sights. There are many luxurious old palaces, cathedrals, huge squares, green squares and fabulously cute and cozy streets, so a week is not enough to get around, see everything and at least get to know the architecture and history of the city. The city of Vienna wonderfully combines history and modern life, this is the city where they lived famous artists, musicians and architects, so it is especially appreciated by connoisseurs of art and it is not for nothing that it is considered the heart of Europe. There are many places in Vienna connected with the life and work of great composers such as W. Mozart, L. Beethoven, J. Strauss, F. Schubert, J. Brahms.
Baroque city - Vienna capital of Austria attracts romantics and lovers, because he has his own special atmosphere is an elegant city full of music, fragrant with the aromas of coffee and pastries, intoxicating with local wines. But in addition to architectural sights, this city is also famous for its nature - the boundless vineyards and lush greenery of the Vienna Woods are breathtaking. You will be amazed by the picturesque landscapes, the lush greenery of centuries-old trees and the invigorating crystal clear air. This city is not alien and idle life. Numerous casinos, restaurants, bars, clubs and discos with their doors wide open welcome visitors, promising a fun pastime and a charge of emotions.

When visiting the city of Vienna, treat yourself to Viennese cuisine

viennese cuisine- this is another pride of the city of Vienna, Austria, however, all became famous for its culinary culture. But Viennese cafes deserve special attention, because they have become an integral part of the city's history, and all because Viennese coffee houses are the oldest in the world. Numerous and varied, pompous and magnificent or democratic and simple - they are always happy to treat the traveler with fragrant coffee and magnificent pastries.

Vienna, the capital of Austria, deserves your attention!

The city of vienna invites you in unforgettable journey. And, believe me, it is worth doing at least once in your life! However, once visiting this charming city, you will certainly decide to come here again, because this city is full of interesting places, which is simply impossible to see at a time.

When I was planning my trip for Central Europe last summer, I just could not help but include in my itinerary a city like Vienna. I really liked the difference between the streets of the old districts of the city and the streets of Berlin and Paris. Still, Central European architecture seems to me something special. More similarities can be seen with the buildings of Lvov and Krakow than with buildings in the cities of Western Europe.

Where is Vienna located

Vienna, the capital of Austria, built completely not in the middle of the country. After my travels in Slovakia, I was able to get to Vienna from Bratislava for half an hour. I was very surprised how, having traveled such a short distance, you can see completely different people outside the window, hear a different language on the streets and visit the capitals of two European countries. Yes, by the way, I was traveling by bus, but I was the opportunity to swim about the same distance between cities on a tourist ship, since both Vienna and Bratislava are built on the same river, the largest in Europe, on the Danube.Water in the Danube pure. The river divides Vienna into two parts, most of the city is located on the right bank.

Practically around the entire city, a very clean forest grows, bearing the same name with the city (the Vienna Woods). In general, the city has a very large elevation difference, since Vienna is built at the foot of the Alps. From Vienna, you can easily start your journey to:

  • Austrian Alps;
  • Prague;
  • Bratislava;
  • Munich;
  • Budapest.

What to visit in Vienna

My weakness is ancient cathedrals, primarily, in gothic style, from their stained-glass windows, stucco moldings and paintings on high vaults, it simply takes your breath away. Fortunately, Vienna pleased me with such architecture. I liked the most:

What else surprised me about Vienna is that the city is very green, parks occupy a quarter of the territory. It seems, precisely because of this, and the height above sea level (300-500 meters), airin Vienna I found it very light and clean breathe easy. Important and busy transport routes are very far from the historical center, although you can quickly get to almost any area of ​​the city.

Vein(German Vienna[ˈviːn] , bav. Wean, lat. Vindobona listen)) is the federal capital of Austria and at the same time one of the nine federal states of Austria, located inside another state, Lower Austria. Located in the eastern part of the country. The population of Vienna is 1.73 million people (2012); together with the suburbs - about 2.3 million (more than 25% of the population of Austria); thus, Vienna is the largest city in Austria in terms of population, ranking eleventh among the largest cities European Union. Cultural, economic and political center of Austria.

Vienna is the third UN seat city after New York and Geneva. The Vienna International Center (the so-called UNO-City) includes the IAEA, UNODC, UN industrial development organizations, etc. Vienna is home to the headquarters of international organizations such as OPEC and the OSCE.

For many centuries, Vienna was the residence of the Habsburgs, and during their reign, the capital of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation, turning into the cultural and political center of Europe. With a population of two million in 1910, Vienna was the fourth largest city in the world behind London, New York and Paris. After the First World War, which led to the final collapse of the empire, the population of Vienna decreased by almost a quarter and stopped growing.

Vienna's Old Town and Schönbrunn Palace were listed in December 2001 world heritage UNESCO.

According to the results of an international study published in May 2012 by the agency Mercer, which compared the quality of life in 221 cities, Vienna was ranked first in the world in terms of quality of life for the fifth time in a row. Magazine The Economist in 2011 ranked Vienna second in the world in terms of living comfort (after Melbourne and ahead of Vancouver).

Geography

The area of ​​Vienna is 415 km². Thus, Vienna is the smallest federal state in Austria. The area of ​​the city is distributed as follows:

Location

The city is located in the eastern part of Austria at the foot of the Alps, on the banks of the Danube River, 60 km from the borders with Slovakia and Hungary. The Danube flows through Vienna with its branch - the Danube Canal, and the Vienna River also flows. Historically, the city developed south of the Danube, but in the last two centuries Vienna has grown on both sides of the river. The highest altitude of the city above sea level is noted in the Germanskogel area (542 m), and the lowest in Lobau (151 m). The city is bordered by the Vienna Woods.

The geographically advantageous position makes Vienna a very convenient place for developing diversified relations with Eastern European countries. This became especially noticeable after 1989, when the iron curtain fell. For example, only 60 km separate Vienna from the capital of Slovakia Bratislava - this is the shortest distance between two capitals in Europe, excluding the Vatican and Rome.

The shape of Vienna resembles a circle crossed by the chord of the Danube River. Its central part, the so-called Old Town, almost coincides with the administrative boundaries of the first district (Inner City). Ringstrasse (Ring Street) or simply Ring (Ring) is a chain of boulevards that form a ring around the old city. The history of the Ring began in 1857, when the emperor decided to destroy the fortifications that had lost their defensive functions, but also began to interfere and build in their place representative boulevards and a series of buildings in the style of historicism, which today are among the most important sights of the city. Gürtel (Belt) Street, which forms the second semicircle of Vienna, also arose in the second half of the 19th century as a result of the demolition of the lost military value a fortification rampart that protected Vienna and its suburbs from the beginning of the 18th century. Behind the Gürtel are the former suburbs that officially became part of Vienna in 1892.

Story

The history of the settlement of the territory of today's Vienna begins during the Neolithic, with the spread of agriculture and cattle breeding along the Danube (6th millennium BC), for which the Vienna Basin provided optimal conditions: fertile soils, abundance of water sources and favorable climate. The most significant pre-Roman settlement was the one on Mount Leopoldsberg, whose history begins in the middle of the Bronze Age and ends just two generations before the arrival of the Romans.

History of Vienna locality begins in the middle of the 1st century AD with the start of construction on the territory of today's old city of the outpost of the 15th Roman legion. This outpost received the name of the Celtic origin "Vindobona", which means "the land of Vindos". In parallel with the military camp, a civilian city began to develop. Archaeological excavations do not confirm the version of the presence of any pre-Roman settlement on the territory of today's old city.

At the beginning of the 5th century, Vindobona survived a strong fire, and by the end of the 5th century, the Romans left these places.

The fact that until now the topography of the center of Vienna includes almost the entire topography of the Vindobona camp suggests that immediately after the departure of the Romans, people lived there who took refuge near the then still standing walls and used the materials left after the Romans to build dwellings.

Excavations show that in the 6th century, life inside the walls of the former Roman camp was concentrated in its northeastern part. The name of the settlement is unknown, besides it on the territory of today's Vienna in those days there were several Avar and Slavic settlements. The names of some Slavic settlements still live in the names of today's districts of Vienna: Währing (18), Döbling (19), ..

Plan of Vienna, 1547

In the 9th century, the Carolingians who came from the west built a small castle in the northeastern part of the former Roman camp and the church of St. Ruprecht, which has survived to this day. The number of houses in the still small and very insignificant settlement is slightly increasing. The first written mention of Vienna comes from the same 9th century: in the old Salzburg annals, there is a record dated 881 that a battle with the Hungarians took place near Venia, “… bellum cum ungaris ad Uueniam…”. However, it is not clear whether the river or the city of Venia is meant here. As there is no clarity about how this battle ended.

By the middle of the XII century, Vienna became the residence of the Austrian dukes Babenberg. In 1155, Duke Henry II of the Babenberg family built a house on Am Hof ​​square. In 1137-1147. The first church was built on the site of St. Stephen's Cathedral ( modern cathedral was built in the XIII-XV centuries). Since 1278 Vienna has been a stronghold of the Habsburg dynasty. In 1469, Emperor Frederick III obtained from Pope Paul II the establishment of a bishopric in Vienna (until 1469 Austria was spiritually subordinate to the Bishop of Passau).

In 1529, Vienna was unsuccessfully besieged by the Turks. With an almost 20-fold superiority of the enemy, the defenders of Vienna managed to win a decisive victory over him. The heavy defeat of the Turkish army, which she had not yet known, put an end to the rapid expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Europe. A century and a half later, in 1683, the allied forces Catholic countries inflicted an even more crushing defeat on the Turks under the walls of Vienna, after which Ottoman Empire forever abandoned aggressive campaigns, and it was after this defeat that its decline began.

In 1679, a plague broke out in Vienna. The population of the city, which was 100 thousand people, decreased by a third. In memory of the deliverance from the epidemic in the city center in 1693, the Plague Column or Pestzoule was erected, but 1713 brought new wave illness. Only in the catacombs under the Cathedral of St. Stephen are buried 11,000 victims of the epidemic. This event in the history of the city today is reminiscent of the majestic building of the Karlskirche.

From the 16th century Vienna became the capital of the multinational state of the Austrian Habsburgs, from the 17th century and especially in the 18th century it was the center of numerous court bureaucracy. Since the 18th century, the manufacturing industry (textile production and the production of luxury goods) has been developing in Vienna.

In the XVIII - early XX century Vienna - an important center of world culture, especially music.

In 1805 and 1809 Napoleon's troops entered Vienna. In 1814, the Congress of Vienna was held in the city, which revised the political map of Europe.

In the first half of the XIX century. With the advent of the Biedermeier style, the founders of which were famous Viennese composers, artists and theatrical figures, the city has seen progress in the field of culture and art. Vienna is turning into a pan-European music center. The Biedermeier era ended with the revolution of 1848, in which the inhabitants of the city took an active part.

At the end of the XIX century. culture, science and education continue to flourish in Vienna. The University of Vienna and the Academy of Sciences are world famous. In 1897, representatives of the Viennese bohemia created the Vienna Secession group, which included Koloman Moser, Gustav Klimt and Otto Wagner.

By the beginning of the XX century. Vienna has become one of the largest cities in Europe with a population of over 2 million people. However, political events in Europe became a turning point for Vienna, with the defeat of Austria-Hungary in the First World War, Vienna loses its former influence.

The First World War led to the fall of the House of Habsburg and was the cause of the decline of Vienna, generated by inflation and internal political struggles between socialists and conservatives. The municipality, balancing between the interests of the masses and the capital, implemented an extensive program of building affordable housing and urban infrastructure, but could not prevent clashes between the parties. In 1928, mass civil unrest broke out in Vienna, claiming 89 lives. In 1934, the February Uprising broke out.

The Austro-fascism regime that came to power in 1934 was unable to preserve the independence of the country, and on the night of March 11-12, 1938, they entered Vienna German troops(see Anschluss).

On April 13, 1945, during the Vienna operation, Vienna was taken by Soviet troops. During the Anglo-American bombing, and then street fighting, the city suffered significant damage, although the historical ensemble of the Old City was generally preserved. Restoration of the Cathedral of St. Stephen, ended in 1960. In 1955, the opera house and the Burgtheater were reopened.

In July 1945, an agreement was signed on occupation zones in Austria and on the administration of Vienna. The city was divided into 4 sectors of occupation: Soviet, American, English and French. The center was allocated for joint quadripartite occupation. Karl Renner created an Austrian provisional government that proclaimed secession from Germany. Soviet troops, who occupied the northeastern outskirts of the city, and other troops of the allied countries, who occupied the rest of the city, left it in 1955, when Austria was proclaimed independent and neutral.

In the second half of the 1950s. Vienna again launched mass construction of municipal housing, in the years 1970-1980 a serious reconstruction of the city center was carried out, as a result of which Vienna avoided the dangers of Brusselsization. The IAEA, UNIDO, OPEC and many others are based in modern Vienna international organizations. On December 21, 1975, the headquarters of OPEC was attacked by terrorists.