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Basic safety rules when hiking in the forest. Hike in the forest: rules of preparation and behavior in difficult situations. About navigation and orientation

Tourism helps to improve health, develop endurance and get new experiences. However, such a holiday is always fraught with dangers, whether it is an overnight hike or a day trip through mountainous or wooded areas. There is always a chance of getting injured or unwillingly harming fellow travelers. To avoid this, you need to know the rules of conduct in the campaign.

We dress properly

Clothing should be durable, loose-fitting, and always appropriate for the weather and season. Shoes are better to choose closed with a hard sole. Girls should forget about heels, with them there is a high probability of dislocating or breaking a leg.

Headgear is always required on the hike. In hot weather, it will protect against sunstroke, and in the cool - from the wind. To avoid overheating, do not wrap yourself tightly. It is better to take a sweater with you and put it on when it gets really cold.

Don't forget to take a change of clothes, rain protection and a sleeping kit if you're camping overnight. It is better to put things not in a bag or bag, but in a backpack to free your hands.

Collecting a first aid kit

In the campaign they say that every tourist should have a first aid kit. This is ideal, of course. Anything can happen on a hike, and it's best to be prepared for anything. If you are going to travel in a group, then you can agree that one or more people will take the medicines.

So here's what should be in your first aid kit:

  • adhesive plasters;
  • bandages (including elastic);
  • cotton wool;
  • harnesses;
  • brilliant green, iodine, hydrogen peroxide;
  • ammonia;
  • Activated carbon;
  • painkillers and antipyretics;
  • cold medicines;
  • allergy medications;
  • sunscreen and insect repellent (for hiking in warm time of the year);
  • individual medicines (drugs for pressure, inhalers for asthma, and so on).

Find out the bans for the area

Before you go on an active holiday, it would be nice to find out the rules of conduct during hiking for a particular area. This is especially true for areas where you are traveling for the first time. If you are too lazy, then a pleasant pastime can be overshadowed by the imposition of a fine or even arrest.

Perhaps in the intended place of rest it is forbidden to make a fire, hunt, fish or pick mushrooms. Check all these nuances in specialized organizations.

We do not deviate from the planned route

Before you go on a trip, be sure to tell your loved ones where you will rest. They need to know where to look for you if something happens. For this reason, do not change your route or report your new location on your mobile phone.

Move along the paths. So there is less chance of getting lost, disturbing wild animals and breaking plants. If tourists follow the rules of conduct on a hike, then they take care of the preservation of flora and fauna.

We comply with the tourism system

Wherever you go, it is safest to travel in an organized column. So you spend less effort and save time, even when traveling a long distance.

How to walk in formation? You need to gather in a column one by one at a distance from each other and move at the same pace. It is impossible to fail, and even more so to overtake the one in front.

Rules of conduct for different types of terrain

When moving through the forest, you need to look under your feet so as not to stumble on the roots of trees. Passing through the bushes, it is important to pass the branches from hand to hand. Many simply release the knots, and the person walking behind has to dodge so as not to be left without an eye. This behavior is unacceptable when walking in a group. In dense undergrowth it is impossible to hold all the branches. Therefore, the participants of the campaign need to increase the distance to four meters, so as not to injure each other.

If a thunderstorm caught in the forest, in no case get up under tall trees(especially under stand-alone). Take cover in a low growing area or crouch in a hole. also in rainy weather do not step on the roots of trees and stones, as they become very slippery.

Rocky terrain has its own rules of conduct for tourists on a hike. Such areas are dangerous because they are constantly subject to shedding and rolling of boulders. Therefore, travelers need to carefully look at the trails and slopes, and also remember that any stone can move. If you notice such a boulder, then report it along the chain to all members of the group.

Encounter with animals

If you see large wild animals (wolf, fox, bear, roe deer, etc.), then do not approach them. Reducing the distance is usually perceived as a sign of aggression, which means that the beast will begin to defend and attack. It will be correct to go in the opposite direction, but not by running, but by calm steps.

During the journey, you can meet snakes, some of which may be poisonous. What rules of conduct in a hiking trip should be observed in such situations? Never touch a snake and it will crawl past. Just stay still and don't make sudden movements.

The snake that you have not noticed is really dangerous. Look under your feet and where you are going to sit. If it's a fallen tree or stump, knock on it first. Try to bypass snakes' favorite places: abandoned buildings, dead woods, swamps, ledges on rocks. If bitten, go to the hospital immediately.

Insects can be dangerous too

The most common carriers infectious diseases in the campaign - it's ticks. It is very important to remove them from the body in a timely manner. So look at each other from time to time. Do not forget about the right clothes, as well as ointments and sprays from ticks.

Also in nature, bees and hornets can cause trouble. If you have an allergic reaction to them or have been bitten more than three times, go to the hospital immediately. To avoid such an outcome, follow the basic rules of behavior on a hike: dress properly, do not wave your hands near stinging insects and do not disturb their hives.

Protect the environment

Usually, when campers set up their tents, the first thing they do is to level the surface and cut down pine needles for lining to keep warm and make the “floor” soft. But at this rate, only bald trees will stand in the forests. Use already fallen branches or purchase specialized hiking mats.

Take care of the trees, do not drive nails into them to hang something. The rope can always be tied and untied. For firewood, use only dead trees. They can be easily identified by the absence of green leaves. Moreover, as you know, they burn badly.

Try not to use household chemicals for washing dishes. Natural remedies are perfect for this purpose: sand and ash. If you really can’t do without the usual chemistry, use it as far as possible from reservoirs and sources of drinking water.

Bonfires on the hike

Don't make fire under trees. It is enough to set fire to one branch, and you will not be able to extinguish it. If there are old bonfires, use them instead of creating new ones.

If you take children with you, instruct them and tell them about the rules of behavior on a hike. For children, a fire is something attractive. They often climb into it, not realizing that they can get hurt.

When you get home, check the fire pits. No need to scatter or trample the coals, just fill them with water.

Take out the trash

To be able to relax in nature, you need to take care of it. The simplest thing is not to leave trash behind. Therefore, we take a large bag with us, collect all the waste in it and take it to the nearest garbage dump. Of course, some of the garbage can be burned, but do not try to do this with plastic. Show culture and take with you the waste left by negligent tourists.

Leftover food can be left under the tree, and the grits can be poured into the water. Grateful birds and animals will surely find and eat them when you leave.

Take care of other travelers

There are unspoken rules of conduct on a hike that conscious people follow. Clear glass and other debris from ponds, river banks, glades and other places that you meet on the way. If possible, repair damaged objects: benches, steps, washbasins.

If you see damaged signs, write down their exact location and notify the appropriate authorities: local authorities, control organizations, forestry service, etc.

Children can go camping not only with their parents. School camps and country boarding houses also offer children to go on a sightseeing walk or go to the forest for the night. And here everyone is forced to obey their leader and fulfill his requirements.

Camping rules for schoolchildren

Of course, each organized group will have its own rules, but there is a basic list of rules that children should follow in any situation:

  • do not go anywhere without the knowledge of the head;
  • inform the elder about the perceived danger;
  • do not eat unfamiliar berries, mushrooms and plants;
  • do not drink water from rivers, lakes and wells;
  • do not enter the reservoirs without the permission of the elder;
  • do not light a fire yourself;
  • Notify your supervisor if you are unwell.

In order not to overshadow your outdoor recreation, take care of your safety. Knowing the elementary rules will help preserve health, and sometimes life.

It starts very soon mushroom season. At this time, both summer residents and city dwellers rush to the forests. But everyone knows and remembers the rules safe behavior while hiking in the woods? In order not to turn an exciting walk into an emergency, you need to prepare well for the trip and remember important rules security.

The main attention should be paid to equipment. Clothing and footwear should be durable, comfortable, and preferably waterproof. Carry an extra pair of thick socks with you in case you get your feet wet. Do not forget to bring a hat with you, in a pinch a hood will do. This will serve as protection against ticks and small forest debris (small twigs, needles, foliage, etc.), which can fall from above. Sharp knife, mushroom basket, disinfectant and repellent, plaster or bandage in case of injury. Also take water, because during a long walk through the forest, the body can lose a lot of fluid, as going to the forest is sufficient. physical activity. It is better to put all these necessary things and items in a backpack, which is placed on your back to free your hands. And in free hands, we recommend holding a long cane to probe the soil and raise branches of bushes and fallen leaves. Remember, snakes can hide under foliage or branches!

The forest in which the hike is to be, should not be unexplored. If so, by all means take yourself an escort who will tell you the right direction. But even if the places are familiar, have a map, a compass and a charged phone with you in order to call for help in case of emergency. Also remember the conspicuous landmarks that will help you get out: streams, large bodies of water, roads ...

Going for mushrooms with children, do not take your eyes off them. It is recommended that at least one adult supervise each child. In addition, whistles can be distributed to children: if they are still lost, it will be easier to find. And explain in advance, as far as possible, the route and instruct in case of loss. Make sure that the child does not put raw mushrooms and unfamiliar berries into his mouth.

As for the mushrooms themselves. Of course, we all know: you can cut only familiar mushrooms, being absolutely sure of their edibility. If the mushroom causes even the slightest doubt, do not touch it. Not every specialist will immediately distinguish false mushroom from edible, let alone ordinary tourists!

And don't leave behind various garbage take care of nature. Follow simple safety precautions, it will save you from accidents, and the trip will give you pleasant emotions.

Autumn is a mushroom time, a time for hiking in the forests, drying mushrooms and spinning. In this article we will try to figure out how to make a trip to the country house and a trip to the forest safe.

Starting from early spring, the way of life of many citizens begins to approach nature. Let's remember this time when the sun was just beginning to warm up: walks and games with children in the fresh air for many were systematically replaced by the organization of country life, cleaning personal plot, gardening and planting seedlings. By mid-June, dacha life was finally getting better, the beds were planted and gave the first crops of greens and radishes. Increasingly, along the suburban roads, villagers were meeting, diligently laying out their simple goods - fragrant wild strawberries and the first mushrooms. Just at this time, urban connoisseurs of the gifts of the forest also massively rushed to the lands, where danger often lay in wait for them. In autumn, trips to the forest become more frequent: the desire for winter mushroom supplies is combined with the need to obtain natural antidepressants through communication with nature, because the autumn blues do not take long.

Danger in the forest

The first trouble any summer resident faces outside the city is ticks. The taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus) and the dog tick (Ixodes ricinus) are carriers mortal danger the enemies of man. The habitat of the first of them is the Siberian forests and forests Far East. The dog tick is a resident of the predominantly European part of Russia, Central and Northern Europe. The main way to protect against a tick is a responsible approach to choosing clothes for the forest. Do not neglect the repellent.

Our pets also need protection - treatment with drops from ticks when leaving the city is mandatory for both dogs and cats. One of the most serious diseases, often leading to the death of an animal, is piroplasmosis.

Ticks are carried by birds and animals and can be found on trees and bushes. Especially a lot of them come across in the grass. Owners of summer cottages located near forest plantations need to keep the site clean and mow the grass regularly.

How to prepare for a hike in the woods

Beware of snakes!

In damp areas near swamps and streams, it is not uncommon to find vipers basking in the sun. Nevertheless, having noticed a motley inhabitant of the forest, you should not approach her even for the sake of a very good photo. It is necessary as carefully as possible, without provoking or frightening, to bypass it. aggressively minded poisonous snake warns a potential offender with a characteristic hiss and crackle. In this case, you should leave this area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe forest as soon as possible. Some irresponsible people try to kill the snake. It is these senseless actions that most often lead to serious injuries. Connoisseurs of the forest understand that adequate behavior and strong high boots or rubber boots will easily protect against an accidental bite.

What to do if you get lost in the forest

People who get lost in the forest do not dare to admit to themselves that the main danger comes from the guest of the forest himself. Poor awareness about correct behavior in nature, ignorance of the terrain and lack of orientation skills most often lead to tragic consequences. Going out for a walk in the forest, people often overestimate their strength and health. Rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, together with activists of volunteer organizations, are looking for such "losses" for days. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to save a person. More often than others, pensioners and people with poor health fall into such situations. But vigilance and composure can save a life.
Before going out into nature, it is necessary to inform relatives or neighbors about your approximate route of movement and the estimated time of return, so that in the event of an emergency, people can raise the alarm in time and orient rescuers. It is important to bring a charged mobile phone, having prepared in advance a list of duty numbers of local special services. Many modern phones are equipped with a navigation system, which can be very useful. It is dangerous to take a mobile phone that requires charging into the forest; do not be too lazy to charge it in time to a full battery. For forest visitors middle lane, where it is not recommended to take water from open sources for drinking, be sure to have a bottle of clean non-carbonated water with you. A small chocolate bar or a hematogen familiar to everyone since childhood will not burden the burden, which will give strength and help cheer up at the first sign of fatigue. As well as a small knife and a pocket lighter
The basic first aid kit is made up of mandatory painkillers, antihistamines, heart medications, as well as a plaster, bandages and potassium permanganate, and then supplemented medicines focusing on individual needs. If you take a couple of tablets of each drug and pack hermetically, such a first-aid kit will take up very little space.

If you realize that you are lost, it is important to remember a few simple rules:

  1. Stop the surging panic. Alas, no one is immune from such cases. But fear and panic can delay your stay in the forest belt for hours, or maybe days. This condition deprives the mind of the ability to think rationally.
  2. Act carefully and slowly. In no case should you run in all directions at once. This will lead to large wanderings and injuries. Save your strength.
  3. Stand in one place and calmly think about everything. You need to decide whether they will look for you, where you were seen in last time. If you don't know that your friends will go looking for you, it's better to stay where you are. it will be closest to the area where you were seen. Signal "Ay" with your voice. If you have a mobile phone, turn it off first to conserve battery. Think. who can you call to find you. If there is no connection or you are sure that no one will look for you, call emergency service 112. Tell us that you are lost and provide approximate landmarks. Speak clearly and concisely, describe what you see around you.
  4. Take a break to dress yourself warmly. Light a fire if it's cold. In general, fire is one of the most important means of salvation and a signal of your whereabouts.
  5. If you are sure that no one will look for you and you do not have a phone at your disposal, make a clear plan of action, trying not to change directions. Remember the important rules of orientation: the trees are covered with moss on the north side; south before noon can be found to the right of the sun, after noon - to the left. As you move, leave notches and other marks.

By following these simple rules, you can avoid dangerous consequences forest walk. For the most part, a city dweller who has turned away from the bustle of the city and rediscovers wild world(and also thinking about safety in advance!), A pleasant fatigue awaits after a forest hike, bringing a healthy sound sleep.

At first our rules were 2 times longer. But few people delved into them and, as a result, did not comply. Now only the really important is left. Therefore, please do not criticize that it is necessary to write this and that - it is useless.

Before leaving, the guide will instruct you on the behavior on the hike, you will sign the statement and follow the following rules:

Don't split!

This is the most important rule. Before you leave somewhere or go the other way, notify the instructor. And only if he allows, you can go. This is necessary to know where to look for you.

Do not overtake the instructor. The instructor goes first, it is permissible to overtake him only a little so that you can hear him.

Listen to the instructor.

If the instructor asks for something, it must be done. You may ask why this is so - but do it, do not argue.

Do not litter.

Do not leave any garbage along the way - not even candy wrappers. We will try to burn all garbage - our own and someone else's - in parking lots. What does not burn - you have to carry with you to an organized waste bin. It happens that this locality at the end of the hike. Therefore, do not take with you something that will become garbage and cannot be burned.

You can’t wash dishes, brush your teeth, do laundry, etc. under the stream of a spring. Get water and move aside, or downstream. Otherwise, an unpleasant garbage puddle is formed under the spring.

Do not be silent and do not be heroic.

If you find it hard, something hurts, be sure to tell the instructor about it. He will help you anyway. For example, he will adjust or unload the backpack, make an unplanned halt, change the pace of walking. If it rubs shoes - do not wait until blisters. As soon as redness is noticed, immediately seal the problem area with a tissue-based patch, without bandage or cotton pads. Examine the legs, and also cover all the reddened places - they will still begin to rub later. If you don’t have your own patch, don’t be shy and ask the instructor.

Walk without breathing.

Shortness of breath is when you breathe very quickly, but still there is not enough air. You have to stop every 5-10 minutes and rest. Such a ragged rhythm greatly overloads and exhausts the body. The appearance of shortness of breath means that you are walking too fast. Slow down the pace so that you can walk without rest for 30-40 minutes. So in the end it will be faster and safer for the whole organism. Breathe only through the nose, full chest. If it's hard, don't talk.

Solve all personal needs on halts. Sanitary, dressing, adjusting backpacks, etc.

Tourists are obliged:

Treat nature, historical and cultural monuments with care.

Be mutually polite and friendly towards each other.

Be tactful towards local residents respect their traditions.

Provide yourself with the necessary specific medicines in advance, warn the instructor about your illness.

In case of any incidents, claims, immediately inform the instructor.

It is forbidden:

Participate in a hike if there are medical contraindications for this type of activity.

Try unknown berries, mushrooms.

Smell and collect unknown flowers.

Swimming and swimming in any water bodies without the permission of the instructor.

In case of non-compliance by the tourist with the requirements of the instructor or violation of the above "Rules of conduct in the campaign", the instructor is relieved of responsibility for the life and health of such a tourist. Also in this case, the instructor has the right to remove the tourist from the route without refunding the cost of the trip.

With the onset of heat more families get out of stuffy city apartments into nature - into the forest. Vacationers make a route, stock up on food for a picnic, and only a few think about safety. But such carelessness can lead to disaster. The site has figured out how to navigate the thicket, where to build a fire, and what to do if you or your child get lost.

What you need to know for those who go to the forest

The forest is beautiful and dangerous at the same time. Admiring the mighty pines, picking mushrooms or following a bird, you run the risk of going deeper into the thicket and losing your way. Remember emergency It is easier to prevent than to look for a way out later. Therefore, before going to the forest, do not forget about important things that can save your life.

1. Wear clothes in summer bright colors(green and brown shades are undesirable), in it you will be seen from afar, the risk of merging with the surrounding landscape is minimal.

2. Put colorful scraps, twine, or colorful stickers in your backpack. With their help, you can mark trees and bushes in case you go astray and look for a path.

3. stock up drinking water and medicines.

4. Take a charged mobile phone with you.

5. Put a box of matches and a compass in your jacket pocket.

6. Don't forget about minimum set food in case you get lost. Give preference to chocolate or cereal bars, sandwiches, sliced ​​\u200b\u200bcheese.

7. An adult's backpack should contain a folding knife and several firecrackers (they can be used to signal for help and scare away wild animals).

8. Tell family and friends exactly where you are going and how long you plan to stay there.

If you decide to change the place of the hike, please inform your relatives by phone before entering the forest. So that in case of loss they know where, approximately, they should look for you.

How to prepare your child for a hike in the forest:

1. Tell your child about what awaits him in the forest. Find photos of wild animals on the Internet, forest plants, edible berries and mushrooms. Teach your child to navigate the forest flora and fauna.

2. Watch educational or adventure films about forest nature with your child. Read books whose characters go for a walk in the woods or study nature.

3. IN game form discuss with your child what to do if he accidentally gets lost in the forest.

4. Teach your child to make a fire and build a simple hut out of branches.

5. Explain to the baby that you will not scold him if he suddenly gets lost. Many lost children do not respond to the call of their parents and rescuers, fearing punishment. They can sit for hours in a secluded place without drawing attention to themselves.

6. Before going to the forest, prepare clothes with reflective elements for the child. Luminous strips are clearly visible in the dark, you can use them to determine where your baby is.

An adult who gets lost in the forest during the summer can live in isolation for several months. Before rescuers find the lost person, he needs to be supported vitality: eat, drink water, protect yourself from hypothermia, dampness, and also from attacks by wild animals.

Those who get lost can either stay where they are and wait for help, or try to get out of the forest on their own. The first option is suitable for those who are sure that they will look for it. If you have not told anyone that you are going to the forest, then the news of your loss will not spread soon, so do not waste time and try to get out of the thicket.

Guide to action:

1. Try to find a stream or river and move along it. There is a high probability that you will meet fishermen or tourists on the shore.

2. Make notches on the trees if you do not want to repeatedly return to the same place.

3. Look for the path, it will lead you to the big road.

4. Be guided by sounds. The engine of a working tractor can be heard at a distance of 3-4 kilometers, the barking of a dog - at a distance of 2-3 kilometers.

5. Do not drink unpurified water from a river or lake. Before use, it must be passed through a cloth, and then boiled. Can I drink rain water. To collect it, you need to dig a hole and lay out its bottom with large leaves - so the water will not be absorbed into the ground

6. Do not eat berries and mushrooms unknown to you in order to avoid poisoning

7. Fires must be lit away from flammable coniferous trees and dry shrubs. Good fuel for a fire - dry branches, grass, peat, fir cones, dried moss

8. If you are stuck in a swamp, do not fuss and do not make unnecessary movements. Tilt the body forward, assuming a horizontal position as much as possible, reach for the coastal reeds or grass. Clinging to them, carefully get out of the quagmire onto a hard surface

9. If your child or an adult family member is lost in the forest, do not try to find it yourself, it is better to immediately call rescuers by calling 112 or 01

10. Serve occasionally sound signals where rescuers can find you. You can loudly “hawk”, sing or knock on tree trunks with a stick

11. If you see power lines in the distance, Railway or a gas pipeline, try to get to them. Perhaps there are settlements nearby

12. For those who did not take a compass with them, natural landmarks will help. Remember that bird nests and anthills are located on the south side; birch bark is darker and has more cracks - on the north side; on the bark of coniferous trees, resin accumulates mainly on the south side; bird caravans fly from south to north in spring, and from north to south in autumn.

13. If you meet a bear in the forest, do not try to run away from it - the hunter's instinct will wake up in the beast. You can jump on the spot, make noise, wave your arms - this will frighten the animal.

In the forest for hares

In January 2015, Amur border guards rescued three boys who went to the forest to look at hares. Parents sounded the alarm when their offspring did not return home in the evening. The missing were found by the tracks that led from the road to the Amur River. Four kilometers from the river, border guards noticed fire from a fire.

Later, the children said that with the help of a fire they decided to keep warm and signal for help.