Essay plan on social studies Unified State Exam clichés. How to write an essay on social studies and get maximum points for the Unified State Exam. Essay writing algorithm

Every year FIPI reforms demo version of the Unified State Exam in social studies. This time the requirements and essay assessment system (tasks 29) have changed somewhat. I suggest you understand the innovations!

Changes in social studies essay 2018

Here's what the task looked like in 2017.

What has changed in the assignment text?

Let's figure it out.

Form: mini-essay, no changes.
The word problem (which the author of the quote raises) has been replaced by idea. Is this important? I think not anyway this is those thoughts that arise when comprehending the author’s quote!
The requirement to write several ideas is more clearly formulated (in 2017 - if necessary...).
They are also asked to rely on facts and examples from public life and personal social experience, examples from other academic subjects.
Also assessed two examples from various sources.
The requirement is more strictly formulated detailed example and its obvious connection with the idea.

That is, in essence, volume requirement changes (examples need to be expanded, you need to see several ideas!) and let's just say that the essay really moves away from the genre of an easy and transparent essay, when it is not necessary to meticulously write out an example, it is enough to voice the idea. To a cumbersome essay, where all thoughts are ponderous, extremely clear and voiced. Probably in next year Unfortunately, we will end up with a word limit, as in other subjects.

How is an essay checked now?

First of all, the number of criteria has changed. There are more of them 4 instead of the previous three.

Criteria for checking task 29 essays for the Unified State Exam 2017

Let us remind you that in general you could get 5 points (1-2-2) for a mini-essay. Now this 6 the value of the essay continues to increase, learn to write it to get the most important Unified State Examination points definitely necessary!

Let's look at the new changed criteria!

Essentially, it has not changed; this is still a disclosure of the meaning of the author’s quote. And, also, for non-disclosure you will receive a 0 not only for this criterion, but for the entire essay.

So, you need to find in the quote an idea (? problem?) related to the course and highlight a thesis (your complete thought on this statement), which you will further substantiate with information from the course and examples from social practice.

To be honest, I don’t see anything new. Instead of the meaning of the author’s quote, you write...

Essentially the same, criterion 2. Theoretical justification of the idea (problem) from the perspective scientific social science. terms, concepts, theories, scientific conclusions on this idea

So, let's break it down new criteria...

“The defense of rights is the defense of the greatest social value.”

(P.A. Sorokin)

Criterion 1. Its disclosure is played here by:

The author addresses the problem protection of rights, especially relevant in modern society.
In his opinion protection of rights is very important for society.
I can’t help but agree with the author’s opinion, because right plays important role in the life of any state, society and every person.

And also receive expert verification from us in our group

1. If there is a specific block, then we turn to it immediately. BUT! There may be an extremely “narrow” “bad” quote in your favorite block, which means you need to look for a quote from another social studies block.

2. Select a quote.

3. Let’s compare the quote and the block from the social studies course, it is listed next to the quote! We immediately begin to think in terms of this block (sociology, political science, economics, etc.)

4. We make a draft list of terms that need to be reflected in the essay. BUT only those that coincide with the topic of the essay!

5. If we cannot make a list of terms (at least 3 terms), then we choose another quote that we can open.

6. Write out the quote on the draft and underline it KEY words, on the basis of which we build the KEY IDEAS raised by the author.

THIS IS THE FIRST PARAGRAPH OF THE ESSAY – THE MOST IMPORTANT CRITERION, if it gets 0, then the whole essay gets 0!

7. We derive theoretical judgments from key ideas (2 exactly), accompanying them with terms from the list.

THIS IS THE SECOND PARAGRAPH OF THE ESSAY – THEORETICAL ARGUMENTATION

Need to clarify...
Researchers understand...
The following types are distinguished...
The classification is based on...

8. For each theoretical proposition we select an illustrative example. Various sources! History, literature, social experience, books, films.

Examples should not be of the same type and abstract. Must clearly reflect theoretical judgments. You must show why you are using this fact as an illustrative argument!

THIS IS THE THIRD PARAGRAPH OF THE ESSAY – PRACTICAL ARGUMENTATION

As an example...
Firstly (if we say, firstly, then it must be, secondly; if we say on the one hand, then on the other side!)
Experience...illustrates

9. In the conclusion, it is necessary to formulate and show how/why the ideas raised by the author in the quotation are important (we go from bottom to top of the essay)

PARAGRAPH - ENDING

The importance of development….
Thus,
Hence…

10. Slogan phrase as the logical conclusion of creative thought.

An essay is an option for creative work:

I hope,
I think it's important
I think it is necessary...
This will improve…
Will create the preconditions for improvement...

Here is a specific DETAILED plan for how to write an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies. It consists of 7 important points.

Essay writing plan

Quote.
The problem raised by the author; its relevance.
The meaning of the statement.
Own point of view.
Argumentation at the theoretical level.
At least two examples from social practice, history and/or literature confirming the correctness of the opinions expressed.
Conclusion.

How to write a social studies essay in 2019 - webinar

1. Choice of statement

When choosing statements for an essay, you must be sure that you know the basic concepts of the basic science to which it relates;
clearly understand the meaning of the statement;
you can express your own opinion (fully or partially agree with the statement or refute it);
you know the social science terms necessary to competently substantiate a personal position at a theoretical level (the terms and concepts used must clearly correspond to the topic of the essay and not go beyond it);
you will be able to give examples from social practice, history, literature, as well as personal life experience to confirm your own opinion.

2. Definition of the problem of the statement.

For a clearer formulation of the problem, we offer a list of possible formulations of problems that occur most often.

After formulating the problem, it is necessary to indicate the relevance of the problem in modern conditions. To do this, you can use cliche phrases:

This problem is relevant in the conditions...
...globalization of social relations;
...formation of a unified information, educational, economic space;
...exacerbation global problems modernity;
...the special controversial nature of scientific discoveries and inventions;
...development of international integration;
...modern market economy;
...development and overcoming the global economic crisis;
...strict differentiation of society;
...open social structure modern society;
...formation of the rule of law;
...overcoming the spiritual and moral crisis;
...dialogue of cultures;
...the need to preserve one's own identity and traditional spiritual values.

The problem must be revisited periodically throughout the essay writing process. This is necessary in order to correctly reveal its content, and also not to accidentally go beyond the scope of the problem and not get carried away by reasoning that is not related to the meaning of this statement (this is one of the most common mistakes in many exam essays).

3. Formulation of the main idea of the statement

“The meaning of this statement is that...”
“The author draws our attention to the fact that...”
“The author is convinced that...”

4. Determining your position on the statement

“I agree with the author that...”
“One cannot but agree with the author of this statement regarding...”
“The author was right in asserting that...”
“In my opinion, the author quite clearly reflected the picture in his statement modern Russia(modern society... the situation that has developed in society... one of the problems of our time)"
“I beg to differ with the author’s opinion that...”
“Partly, I share the author’s point of view regarding..., but with... I can’t agree”
“Have you ever thought about the fact that...?”

5-6. Argumentation of your own opinion

Argumentation must be carried out at two levels:

1. Theoretical level - its basis is social science knowledge (concepts,
terms, contradictions, directions of scientific thought, relationships, as well as opinions
scientists, thinkers).

Cliché phrases:

Let's consider the statement from the point of view of economic (political, sociological...) theory...
Let's turn to the theoretical meaning of the statement...
In economic (political, sociological...) theory, this statement has its basis...

2. Empirical level - There are two options here:

using examples from history, literature and events in society;
appeal to personal experience.

When selecting facts, examples from public life and personal social experience, mentally answer the following questions:

Do they confirm my opinion?
Could they be interpreted differently?
Do they not contradict the thesis I expressed?
Are they convincing?

The proposed form will allow you to strictly control the adequacy of the arguments presented and prevent “drifting away from the topic.”

7. Conclusion

Finally, you need to formulate a conclusion. The conclusion should not coincide verbatim with the judgment given for justification: it brings together in one or two sentences the main ideas of the arguments and summarizes the reasoning, confirming the correctness or incorrectness of the judgment that was the topic of the essay.

To formulate a problematic conclusion, cliche phrases can be used:

“Thus, we can conclude...”
"Letting us down common feature, I would like to note that...”
In conclusion, we can conclude that...
Based on all of the above, it can be argued that...

In addition, an additional advantage of the essay is the inclusion in it

brief information about the author of the statement (for example, “outstanding French philosopher-educator”,
"great Russian thinker Silver Age», « famous philosopher-existentialist", "founder
idealistic direction in philosophy”, etc.);
descriptions of different points of view on a problem or different approaches to its solution;
indications of the polysemy of the concepts and terms used with justification for the meaning in which they
used in essays;
indications of alternative solutions to the problem.

And in conclusion. Let's watch a webinar that discusses the structure of writing a mini-essay, provides exercises for training, and discusses evaluation criteria:

The most common mistakes when writing essays

The saddest situation is that there is no plan at all. The man was afraid to write it, got confused, and stupidly didn’t have time to rewrite it from the draft. The draft is not checked on any Unified State Examination, is everyone aware? Neither an appeal nor tears change this situation.
“Required” items are highlighted incorrectly. Yes, with the innovations it has become more scary, but it’s still worth a try. For example, to cover the topic “Political Parties” the following features were taken as “mandatory” points in the exam: political parties How public organizations, functions of political parties and classification/types of political parties. It's a bad thing. Do you know which points are required for this topic?
There are less than 3 points in the plan or none of the points are disclosed in the subparagraphs.“If you don’t know the rules, you won’t get points.” Learn the criteria.
Plans for legacy templates no one needs it, it's a waste of time and points. There is no need to write the first paragraph with the question: “What is a market?” - this formulation is long outdated.
There is no need to try to “stand out” or “show a special view of the world.” This is not a casting, this is just one of the tasks of the Unified State Exam.
Spelling errors don't bother anyone, but if you can’t formulate a thought, your points will be reduced
The plan is written off-topic or does not cover the topic “in essence.”

Save link:

Philosophy,
Economy,
Political science,
Jurisprudence.

historical facts;
personal experience and observations;

3. Theoretical part

4. Factual part

5. Conclusion

Remember that

remember the terminology

write straight away

If you are “floating” in the topic

Essay similar to an essay, usually has a free composition and a small size. Although the task should seem easy, for some reason it frightens the students and takes them by surprise.

You will need

- educational literature;
- computer.

Instructions

Think it over rough plan work. As a rule, an essay consists of a short introduction, which reveals the essence of the topic; the main part, which sets out the opinions of scientists on the subject of the story; the attitude of the author of the work to these opinions, as well as the conclusion, which provides brief conclusions about the research done. The last page of the essay indicates the sources used.

Select required material. Write down the various points of view of scientists on the chosen topic on paper and note the order in which statements are used in your work.

Video on the topic

Please note

Check that all literature used is up to date. Tutorials should be no older than 8-10 years, periodicals - no older than 3-5 years.

To avoid being branded as a plagiarist, provide all citations with links indicating the author, title of the publication, and imprint.

Useful advice

When writing an essay, you should not use a lot of literature so that the work does not turn out to be too long and overloaded with unnecessary information.

When working with literature, it is not necessary to copy notes onto paper; you can immediately take them on the computer. This makes it easier to edit text.

When writing an essay, be careful and try not to make mistakes. After finishing the work, read it and correct any mistakes.

Essay By statement This is a short essay in which you can demonstrate your knowledge not only in a specific discipline, but also information from related scientific subjects.

Instructions

Choose one statement from those suggested as topics exam paper, on which you will be writing an essay. It is important that it is clear and close to you. Remember that in order to justify your position regarding these words, you will need to make clear statements, and not simply appeal to the fact that “it is immoral” or “in modern life it doesn't make sense." Think about what areas of knowledge you have in order to justify this information.

Reveal the meaning of the statement. To do this, simply describe what exactly the author wanted to say with these lines, as you see it. For each person, the same things mean different things, so your version cannot be correct or incorrect, any adequate thought has to exist. precisely in the context given by the scientific subject on which the essay is written. For example, you should not disclose value added tax in the sense if in the statement it is mentioned exclusively in economic aspect.

Give reasons for your opinion. To do this, use the knowledge gained in the process of other sciences, but do not “get hung up” on this information. Additional justification is good if it only emphasizes your rightness. For example, when writing an essay on the statements of political figures, be sure to remember what historical events could influence his beliefs.

Formulate your own point of view regarding the statement. If you partially or completely disagree, suggest your own version of the phrase. Be sure to give reasons for exactly what you disagree with and why your position is more appropriate. Rely on own experience, on the facts of social life.

Sources:

how to make an aphorism

Writing an essay is the last task in the Unified State Exam in social studies. And when preparing for an exam, it is this that raises the most questions. What are the requirements for the work, how is it assessed, and how to get the maximum score for a social studies essay?

What is a task

A mini-essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies is an alternative task. This means that the exam participant can choose from several proposed options the one that is closer and more interesting to him.

Essay topics are short quotes– aphorisms related to the five blocks training course, one for each. Thematic areas the following statements:

Philosophy,
Economy,
Sociology, social psychology,
Political science,
Jurisprudence.

Of the five statements, you need to choose only one (the closest or most understandable) and write a mini-essay that reveals the meaning of the chosen aphorism and contains illustrative examples.

The “weight” of the social studies essay in the final points is quite small: about 8% of the total points. A perfectly written paper can earn only 5 primary points out of 62 possible, about 8%. Therefore, you should not approach the work as fundamentally as when writing an essay on the Russian language or essays on literature.

The compilers of the Unified State Examination themselves suggest taking 36-45 minutes to write an essay on social studies (this is exactly the time period indicated in the specification). For comparison: an essay on the Russian language takes 110 minutes, and a full-length essay on literature takes 115.

All this suggests that the approach to social science should be different: there is no need to create a “masterpiece”, there are no mandatory requirements for presentation style (or even literacy), and even the volume of work is not regulated. Here it is not necessary to write 150-350 words of text: after all, the task is positioned as a “mini-essay” and if you manage to reveal the idea briefly and succinctly, this will be welcome.

It is enough to simply demonstrate knowledge of the subject and the ability to find suitable examples to support your point of view - and express your thoughts coherently and convincingly on the exam form.

Criteria for assessing essays in social studies on the Unified State Exam

The essay is scored based on three criteria in total. To earn the maximum five points, you must meet the following "required minimum":

Reveal the meaning of the original statement, or at least demonstrate that you correctly understood what its author meant (1 point). This is a key point: if you did not understand the quote and received 0 points on the first criterion, the work will not be assessed further.

Demonstrate knowledge of theory(2 points). Here, to get a high grade, it is necessary to analyze the meaning of the statement, using the knowledge acquired during the study of the school social studies course, remember the main points of the theory, and use the terminology correctly. Incomplete compliance with the requirements, deviation from the original topic or semantic errors will result in the loss of one point.

Ability to find relevant examples(2 points). To receive the highest mark on this criterion, you must illustrate the problem with two (at least) examples - facts that confirm the main idea of the essay. Moreover, they must be from sources different types. Sources can be

examples from fiction, feature films and documentaries;
examples from popular science literature, the history of various branches of science;
historical facts;
facts gleaned while studying other school subjects;
personal experience and observations;
media reports.

If only personal experience is used as examples or examples of the same type are given (for example, both from fiction), the score is reduced by a point. A zero for this criterion is given if the examples do not correspond to the topic or if there is no information at all.

Social studies essay writing plan

There are no strict requirements for the structure of the essay - the main thing is to reveal the meaning of the statement, demonstrate knowledge of the theory and support it with facts. However, given that you don’t have much time to think about it, you can stick to a standard essay plan that includes all the necessary elements.

1. The optional part is the introduction. General statement of the problem (one or two sentences). In an essay on social studies, this point of the plan can be omitted and go straight to the interpretation of the proposed aphorism, but schoolchildren often find it difficult to deviate from the usual compositional scheme, when the “gist of the matter” is preceded by general reasoning. Therefore, if you are used to starting with an introduction, write it, if this is not important for you, you can omit this point, the points will not be reduced for this.

2. Revealing the meaning of the original statement– 2-3 sentences. There is no need to quote in full; it is enough to refer to its author and state the meaning of the phrase in your own words. It must be remembered that, unlike an essay in Russian, where it is necessary to isolate a problem, an essay in social science can be devoted to a phenomenon, a process, or simply a statement of fact. To reveal the meaning of a statement, you can use templates like “In the proposed statement, N.N (a famous philosopher, economist, famous writer) considers (describes, talks about ...) such a phenomenon (process, problem) as ..., interpreting it as ... " or “The meaning of the statement ( expressions, aphorisms) N. N is that...”

3. Theoretical part(3-4 sentences). Here it is necessary to confirm or refute the author’s point of view, relying on the knowledge gained in class and using special terminology. If you agree with the author’s point of view, then by and large this part is a detailed translation of the original phrase into “textbook language.” For example, if the author called children's games in the yard a “school of life”, you will write about what institutions of socialization are and the role they play in the process of assimilation by an individual social norms. Here you can also quote quotes from other philosophers, economists, etc., confirming main idea text - however, this is not a mandatory requirement.

4. Factual part(4-6 sentences). Here it is necessary to give at least two examples confirming the theses put forward in the previous paragraph. In this part it is better to avoid " common words” and talk about specifics. And do not forget to indicate sources of information. For example, “experiments devoted to” have been repeatedly described in popular science literature; “as we know from the school physics course...”, “ writer N,N. in his novel “Untitled” he describes the situation…”, “on the shelves of the supermarket opposite my school you can see...”.

5. Conclusion(1-2 sentences). Since an essay on social studies on the Unified State Exam is, by and large, a proof of a certain theoretical position, you can complete the essay by summing up what has been said. For example: “Thus, both real-life examples and reading experience suggest that...”, followed by a restatement of the main thesis.

Remember that the main thing is to correctly reveal the meaning of the statement. Therefore, when choosing from the proposed options, take a quote whose interpretation is beyond your doubts.

Before you start writing the text, remember the terminology on the topic. Write them down on a draft form so you can use them later in your work.

Choose the most suitable examples on the topic. Remember that examples from literature may not be limited to works school curriculum– on the social studies exam you can use any arguments as arguments. literary works. We should not forget that relying on reading experience in the case of social studies is not a priority: remember cases from life; news heard on the radio; topics discussed in society and so on. Also write down the selected examples on the draft form.

Since literacy, style and composition of the text are not graded, if you are confident enough to express your thoughts in writing, it is better not to waste time writing a full draft. Limit yourself to drawing up a thesis plan and write straight away- this will help save time.

Start the essay after you have answered all other questions.– otherwise you may not fit in the time limit and lose more points than you gain. For example, the first four tasks with detailed answers (based on the text read) can give a total of 10 primary points (twice as much as an essay), and formulating answers to them usually takes much less time than writing a mini-essay.

If you are “floating” in the topic and you feel that you cannot write an essay with maximum points - do this task anyway. Every point is important - and even if you only manage to correctly formulate the topic and give at least one example “from life” - you will receive two points for your social studies essay on the Unified State Exam. primary scores, which is much better than zero.

How to write a social studies essay and get a perfect score

Practical Tips for Writing Social Studies Essays

The most important thing is to regularly practice writing essays, submitting them to the teacher for checking, and paying attention to elaborating his comments.
Observe logical sequence presentation, do not jump from one example to another.
Do not write the entire essay as a draft: sketch only the outline and main ideas.
Give an example for each theoretical postulate.
Learn to adequately and objectively evaluate both your own and other people’s essays.
Familiarize yourself with the criteria for assessing essays in social studies and pay attention to each point in the writing process.
Do not get confused in the concepts and terms of social science.
Practice revealing the meaning of a statement using any aphorisms.
Watch the news, memorize examples from lessons that can be used as evidence of your position.

Criteria for assessing essays on the Unified State Exam in 2018

An essay, as a creative composition, is distinguished from other methods of knowledge control by the ability to diagnose students’ ability to analyze information, correctly interpret it, build reasoning and give arguments in the form of correctly selected facts, formulate their own opinion and defend their position.

Example of an essay on social studies for the Unified State Exam

Thus, for effective preparation For social studies essays, you should practice writing them as often as possible, following the above tips and adhering to the required structure. This is the only way to “get your teeth into” and go to the exam with confidence.

How to write an essay on social studies and get maximum points for the Unified State Exam updated: February 15, 2019 by: Scientific Articles.Ru

In this article you will learn how to write an essay on social studies. Examples are attached.

First of all, it is necessary to understand that in order to learn how to write an essay in social studies, it takes quite a long time. It's impossible without preliminary preparation write an essay that would be rated high by experts. Sustainable skills and good results appear after 2-3 months of work (about 15-20 essays written). It is systematic training and determination that bring high results. You need to hone your skills in practice with the direct help and careful supervision of a teacher.

Video - how to write an essay on social studies

If you haven't tried essay writing yet, watch the video.

Unlike an essay on literature or the Russian language, where the minimum amount of work is clearly specified and general reflection is allowed (“philosophizing” without specification), in an essay on social science the volume is not limited, but its structure and content are fundamentally different. A social studies essay is actually an answer to the question: “Do I agree with this statement and why?” That is why an essay on social science must contain strict argumentation, scientificity and specificity. At the same time, it should be noted that very paradoxical, unusual statements that require imaginative thinking and a non-standard approach to revealing the problem are often used as the topic of an essay. This inevitably leaves its mark on the essay writing style and requires maximum concentration of effort and attention.

I would also like to add that exam essay are assessed by specific people. For an expert who checks from 50 to 80 papers a day to mark an essay as worthy of attention, this essay must not only meet all the requirements set out below, but also be distinguished by a certain originality, originality and originality - this is implied by the genre of the essay itself. Therefore, it is necessary not only to present scientific and factual material on the topic, but also to pleasantly surprise you with the originality and flexibility of your thinking.

Algorithm for writing essays during the Unified State Exam

First of all, during the exam you need to properly manage your time. Practice shows that writing an essay requires spending at least 1-1.5 hours out of the 3.5 hours allotted for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies. It is best to start writing an essay after all other KIM tasks have been completed, because This type of work requires maximum concentration of the graduate’s efforts.
Carefully read all the topics offered to choose from.
Select topics that are understandable, i.e. – the student must clearly understand what this statement is about, what the author wanted to say with this phrase. In order to remove doubts about whether he understands the topic correctly, the graduate must restate the phrase in his own words, defining the main idea. The student can do this orally or in a draft.
From the selected understandable statements, it is necessary to choose one topic - the one that the student knows best. It is necessary to note the fact that examinees often choose topics that are easy, in their opinion, but which turn out to be difficult when covering the topic due to the limited scientific and factual material on this issue (in other words, everything is said in the phrase itself, nothing can be added). In such cases, the essay comes down to a simple statement of the meaning of the statement in different options and is rated low by experts due to poor evidence base. Therefore, you need to choose the topic of the essay so that the student, when writing it, can fully demonstrate the completeness of his knowledge and the depth of his thoughts (i.e., the topic must be winning).
When choosing an essay topic, you need to pay attention to what social science this statement is attributed. Practice shows that a number of phrases can refer to several sciences at once. For example, the statement of I. Goethe “Man is determined not only natural qualities, but also acquired” can belong to both philosophy and social psychology, and sociology. Accordingly, the content of the essay should vary depending on this, i.e. must be consistent with said basic science.
There is no need to write the entire essay as a draft. Firstly, due to limited time, and secondly, due to the fact that at the time of writing an essay some thoughts come, and at the time of rewriting - others, and redoing a finished text is much more difficult than creating a new one. In the draft, the graduate makes only an outline of his essay, approximate short sketches of the meaning of the phrase, his argumentation, the points of view of scientists, concepts and theoretical positions that he is going to present in his work, as well as the approximate order of their arrangement one after another, taking into account the semantic logic of the essay.
IN mandatory the student must express his personal attitude to the chosen topic in a clearly defined formulation (“I agree”, “I disagree”, “I don’t completely agree”, “I agree, but partially” or phrases that are similar in meaning and meaning). The presence of a personal attitude is one of the criteria on the basis of which experts evaluate an essay.
Without fail, the graduate must state his understanding of the meaning of the statement. Those. The high school student explains in his own words what the author wanted to say with this phrase. It is more advisable to do this at the very beginning of the essay. And if you combine the requirements of this paragraph with the provisions of the previous one, then this is what, for example, the beginning of an essay on philosophy “Before talking about the benefit of satisfying needs, you need to decide what needs constitute the benefit” will look like: “I completely agree with the statement of the great Russian writer of the second halfXIX– beginningXXcenturies L.N. Tolstoy, in which he talks about real and imaginary needs."
You need to be very careful in selecting arguments to support your point of view. Arguments must be convincing and justified. Data from relevant sciences, historical facts, and facts from social life are used as arguments. Arguments of a personal nature (examples from personal life) are rated the lowest, so their use as evidence is undesirable. It should be remembered that any personal example can easily be “transformed” into an example from public life, from social practice, if you write about it in a third person (for example, not “The saleswoman in the store was rude to me, thereby violating my consumer rights”, A “Let’s say that the saleswoman was rude to citizen S. Thus, she violated his rights as a consumer.” The number of arguments in an essay is not limited, but 3-5 arguments are most optimal for revealing the topic. It should also be remembered that examples from history are most relevant in political science, partly in legal and sociological topics, as well as in philosophical topics related to theory social progress. Examples from social practice (public life) - in sociological, economic, legal topics. Data from the relevant sciences must be used when choosing any of the topics.
The use of terms, concepts, and definitions in an essay must be competent and appropriate in relation to the chosen topic and science. The essay should not be overloaded with terminology, especially if these concepts are not related to the chosen problem. Unfortunately, some graduates try to insert as many terms as possible into their work, violating the principle of expediency and reasonable sufficiency. Thus, they show that they have not learned to correctly use scientific terminology. The term should be mentioned appropriately; such a mention should indicate its correct understanding.
It is very welcome if a graduate in his essay indicates the points of view of other researchers on the issues under consideration, provides a link to different interpretations problem and various ways to solve it (if possible). Indication of other points of view can be direct (for example: “Lenin thought this way:..., and Trotsky thought differently:..., and Stalin did not agree with both of them:...”), but can be indirect, non-specific, non-personalized: “A number of researchers think this way:..., others think differently:..., and some suggest something completely different:....”
It is very welcome if the essay indicates who the author of this statement was. The indication should be brief but precise (see example in paragraph 8). If, when arguing your position on this issue, it is appropriate to mention the views of the author of the phrase, this must be done.
Arguments must be presented in strict sequence, the internal logic of presentation in the essay must be clearly visible. The student should not jump from one to another and return to the first again without explanation and internal connection, connecting the individual provisions of his work.
The essay must end with a conclusion that briefly summarizes the thoughts and reasoning: “Thus, based on all of the above, it can be argued that the author was right in his statement.”

Essay Examples on the topic:

Philosophy "Revolution - barbaric way progress" (J. Jaurès)

For the highest score

I completely agree with the statement of the famous French socialist, historian and politician first half of the twentieth century by Jean Jaurès, in which he talks about the features of the revolutionary path of social progress, about distinctive features revolution. Indeed, revolution is one of the ways of progress, movement forward, to better and complex forms organization of social order. But since a revolution is a radical disruption of the entire existing system, a transformation of all or most aspects of social life, occurring in a short period of time, this form of progress is always accompanied by a large number of victims and violence.

If we remember the revolutionary year of 1917 in Russia, we will see that both revolutions entailed the most severe confrontation in society and the country, which resulted in a terrible Civil War, accompanied by unprecedented cruelty, millions of dead and injured, unprecedented devastation in the national economy.

If we remember the Great French Revolution, we will also see the rampant Jacobin terror, the guillotine, “working” seven days a week, and a series of incessant revolutionary wars.

If we remember the English bourgeois revolution, we will also see civil war, repression against dissidents.

And when we look at the history of the United States, we will see that both bourgeois revolutions that took place in this country took the form of war: first, the War of Independence, and then the Civil War.

The list of examples from history can go on and on, but wherever a revolution occurs - in China, Iran, the Netherlands, etc. – everywhere it was accompanied by violence, i.e. barbarism from the perspective of a civilized person.

And even though other thinkers exalted revolution (such as Karl Marx, who argued that revolutions are the locomotives of history), even though reactionaries and conservatives denied the role of revolutions in social progress, the point of view of J. Jaurès is closer to me: yes, revolution is a way of progress, a movement for the better, but carried out by barbaric methods, that is, with the use of cruelty, blood and violence. Happiness cannot be created through violence!

For a small point

In his quote, the author talks about revolution and progress. Revolution is a way of transforming reality into short time, and progress is moving forward. Revolution is not progress. After all, progress is reform. It cannot be said that the revolution does not produce positive results - for example, the Russian revolution allowed workers and peasants to get rid of a difficult situation. But by definition, revolution is not progress, because progress is all that is good, and revolution is all that is bad. I disagree with the author who classifies revolution as progress.

Essay outline

Introduction
1) A clear indication of the problem of the statement:
“The statement I have chosen concerns the problem...”
“The problem with this statement is...”
2) Explanation of the choice of topic (what is the significance or relevance of this topic)
“Everyone is concerned about the question...”
“The RELEVANCE of this topic lies in...”
3) Reveal the meaning of the statement from the point of view of social science, 1-2 sentences
4) Introduction of the author and his point of view
“The author argued (said, thought) from such a point of view...”
5) Your own interpretation of this phrase, YOUR OWN POINT OF VIEW (DO YOU AGREE OR NOT)
“I think...” “I agree with the author of the statement...”
6) Expressing your position, moving on to the main part of the essay

P.S. It would be a plus if in the introduction you provide information about the author of the statement and insert a definition of the chosen field of the essay (philosophy, politics, economics, law, etc.)

Argumentation:
1) Theoretical argumentation of the problem. At least 3 aspects of the theoretical discussion of the topic must be presented.
For example: reveal the concept itself, give examples, analyze features, functions, classifications, properties.
2) Practical argument or example from public life