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Modern types of weapons: description, characteristics. Funny names of Russian military equipment

They say there are no trifles in war, and this is true. Everything should work for victory, even the name. Russians often wonder how it was possible for a self-propelled artillery mount to strike with terrible force, in the name of the most tender of flowers. Or simply call the most powerful flamethrower in the world "Pinocchio". And Russia also has “poplars” and “forget-me-nots”, “hyacinths” and even “babies”. Why Russian weapons, such affectionate names? And who first started this war of names? This we will discuss below.
Deadly and few people have seen weapons in Syria before, the other day, for the first time, ISIS militants tested on their own skin. Now this heavy flamethrower system with the kind, fabulous name "Pinocchio" for the first time in 15 years has been removed from the storerooms Russian army inflicts night strikes on the positions of militants. From the Syrian adventures of "Pinocchio" developed back in the 70s by the Soviet popes Carlo from experienced design bureaus, according to Syrian army Karabasy from ISIS flee, in the truest sense of the word, as if from fire. After all, each of the 30 Pinocchio thermobaric projectiles, charged with a special volume-detonating mixture, which, when the shell body is destroyed, fills any spaces where air can penetrate in a matter of seconds.
Rock tunnels, bunkers, trenches. And after spraying, it flares up, burning everything around and giving no chance of survival to anyone within a radius of almost 1500 square meters. And a whole Buratino ammunition load of 30 charges can fry the enemy's shelter on an area of ​​forty thousand square meters. By the way, along with Pinocchio in Syria, his younger brother, lighter and more mobile fighting machine with the beach name "suns".
Why are the names of the Soviet military equipment, striking in its power and lethality, they are no less struck by playfulness, childishness, and sometimes even buffoonery. Experts believe that this is a long and good tradition of Soviet designers, which appeared back in the distant fifties. But, thanks to the deliberate demonstration of our own nuclear power, to which we decided to respond harshly, but with humor. November 1, 1952, the US Department of Defense reported to world fame rare footage taken on Elgy Island in the Pacific Ocean. Test of the first American thermonuclear bombs mk18. The mass of the projectile of this deadly baby reached 4.5 tons, and the explosion power, according to experts, was more than 10 megatons. As a result, the island, over which the tests were carried out, was completely destroyed. Moreover, it turned out that the bomb was 800 times more powerful than the one that was dropped on Hiroshima. But the main thing is that both the film frames of the tests and the data on the result of the explosion were intended for the Soviet Union. It was with the mk18 bomb that the Americans decided to scare their recent ally in World War II in the arms race that had begun. The answer of the Soviet designers was the creation of our bomb equivalent to the mk18, RDS 7. But the answer is not the only one. After all, our bomb, as if in a mockery of not too smart competitors, they decided to call the offensive name for the United States "Fool". And it is after this that American and European designers and the military will begin to give their weapons the names of the most frightening wild animals and military branches that became famous on the battlefields in antiquity. But Soviet designers, unlike their Western colleagues, who are trying to catch fear on the enemy with the names of their new products, on the contrary, as if they will be trying to make laugh or lead a potential enemy into bewilderment and confusion. This is humor with subtext, you can not say that the names are given arbitrarily to make it fun. Every name has some experience and meaning behind it.
But with fiction and love, like their own children, Soviet designers called not only heavy giants that could be seen at parades, but even ammunition for them.
For example, a 220 mm propaganda projectile for missile system salvo fire "hurricane", "paragraph", "sapling", "baby" (few people know that in 1973 during the Arab-Israeli conflict, Egyptian gunners, with the help of such "babies" killed almost 1000 Israeli tanks). It's hard to believe, but names in the USSR were given even to bullets. Rubber bullet, which are used in modern traumatic pistols, but the caliber of this bullet, almost artillery - 23 mm. It is called quite friendly "hello". The Soviet secret services could send greetings with such a bullet with a brawler in cases of riots. From getting "hello" into the human body, literally a few meters. Russian army, humorous traditions, picked up by Soviet gunsmiths, continue to this day. For example, our army is armed with armored ambulances "tendon" and "Aibolit", a sapper shovel "excitement", underbarrel grenades"foundling", stun grenades "atas", recording devices "forget-me-nots", aircraft guns "ballerina" and meteorological station "diagnosis".

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In the fighting on present stage The most commonly used type of weapon is firearms. Of the ancient types of weapons, soldiers have only knives. They act as the most versatile, simple and useful item. and the specialization of each individual fighter does not play any role. Absolutely all soldiers are supplied with light types small arms. Someone uses it as a permanent work equipment (snipers, attack aircraft, machine gunners). For some, this is a last resort.

Similarities in parameters and differences in appearance

Small arms can be divided into three main categories. It's about about pistols and submachine guns, about machine guns and rifles, and also about machine guns. The division of this kind is rather conditional in connection with the performance characteristics, purpose, areas of application, etc. Many types of weapons have similar features in terms of their purpose and capabilities. However, it should be understood that appearance in this case, they can differ quite sharply.

Division by combat capabilities

Weapons can be divided according to combat characteristics. Among them should be highlighted:

  1. The time it takes to open fire (combat, marching state). Also a distinctive parameter is the ability to transfer fire from sectors.
  2. The maneuverability that a fighter possesses, armed with a certain type of weapon.
  3. Dimensions, weight, ammunition.
  4. The ability to transport soldiers equipped with a certain type of weapon.

What other parameters are different?

Talking about different types weapons, one should take into account such differences as the possibility of firing, its type, the rate of fire of the weapon, the speed of reloading, the range of confident firing, reliability and efficiency. It is also required to evaluate the possibility of using a certain type of weapon in a variety of extreme conditions, its cost, the reliability of ammunition, etc.

Weapons that provide the ability to conduct autonomous fire

What types of small arms can be used without the participation of equipment? They should be listed:

  1. Revolver and pistol.
  2. Automatic grenade launcher.
  3. Hand gun.
  4. Hand and underbarrel grenade launcher.
  5. Automatic (assault rifle).
  6. Single machine gun.
  7. Sniper rifle.

What types of weapons can be used while hunting?

Several thousand years ago, hunting was considered from the position of a means for survival and obtaining food. At the present stage, it is not very difficult to survive. And the process of obtaining food has become much easier. A person is only required to go to the store. However, the passion for hunting did not fade away. And the choice of weapons at the present time should be approached quite responsibly.

Considering various types hunting weapons, you need to have at least some idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhunting. Namely, who are you going to hunt, where will it take place, are you interested in sports shooting, etc. Taking into account all these points, you should begin to consider the varieties of firearms.

Classification of hunting weapons

Shotguns can differ from each other in purpose, percussion mechanism, number of barrels, caliber and barrel drilling. Some classification should be given, which can determine the choice.

Hunting weapons can be used for:

  1. Hunting industry.
  2. Sports shooting at targets that move.
  3. Sports hunting.

The device of the percussion mechanism may be characterized by the presence of an external or internal trigger. According to the number of barrels, weapons are divided into single-barrel, single-shot, magazine, double-barrel, three-barrel, four-barrel.

The main types of weapons for hunting can differ in the type of barrel drilling: smoothbore, rifled, smoothbore with a rifled choke, combined. Several categories of modern hunting weapons should be considered in more detail.

One of the most common categories

Kinds smoothbore weapons are the most popular. Shooting is carried out with shot, special bullets or buckshot. There are some variations of this type of weapons.

  1. Single-shot with one barrel. A gun of this kind is used if the hunt is for a bird or a small animal. Due to the use of a special hinge in the central part of the weapon, the barrel can be tilted down in order to insert a new cartridge into the chamber.
  2. Shotgun with two barrels. It is used in hunting for more large animal, since in most cases a second shot is needed. The arrangement of trunks can be either horizontal or vertical. In this regard, the gun is called either "horizontal" or "vertical".
  3. Smoothbore magazine shotgun (pump-action). This type of weapon should be reloaded manually. Pump-action weapons have gained popularity due to their unpretentiousness to operating conditions. In addition, they are undemanding to the quality of care for them.
  4. Modern views weapons for hunting can be self-loading, single-barreled. This type of weapon has a high rate of fire. Reloading occurs automatically. The negative side of such a gun is its high sensitivity to the quality of ammunition.

Rifle

This type of weapon can be used while hunting both medium and large, dangerous beast. Shooting is carried out with bullets. The gun is characterized by high accuracy. In addition, fire can be fired at long distances. Modern types of weapons of this type are divided into two categories:

  1. Single shot, single shot. Reloading is done manually.
  2. Single-barreled, self-loading.

The production of the most popular types of weapons of this kind in Russia is carried out by the Baikal, TOZ, Molot, Izhmash factories. The minimum cost is 7500 rubles.

Combined types of hunting weapons

Gained a fairly large prevalence in the field of amateur and commercial hunting. Characterized by the presence of 1-2 smooth and rifled barrels. Often found on sale the following types combined weapons:

  1. Trunks (smooth and rifled) are arranged vertically.
  2. Three-barreled.
  3. Quadruple. Barrels (smooth and rifled) can be found in a variety of combinations.

The most popular are two models of the Izhevsk plant. We are talking about Izh-94 "Taiga" and Izh-94 "North". The cost is 26 and 23 thousand rubles. Foreign, more expensive.

Armament that can be called modern

What are the latest types of weapons? Among the main types of individual weapons, the improved AK-74M assault rifle should be noted. This type of assault rifle was adopted back in 1991. It was in the same year that mass production began. AK-74M managed to retain all the advantages that are typical for the family of small arms. In addition, he acquired some more properties that significantly increased his performance (combat and operational).

The latest weapons, such as the AK-107 and AK-108, were developed at the Izhevsk plant. Compared to the previous model, they are characterized by a higher accuracy of fire, which is carried out in bursts. In addition, the designers managed to maintain the simplicity of weapons and reliability. Therefore, the data assault rifles can be categorized as excellent individual types of weapons for infantry units.

To newest species weapons can be attributed to the automatic grenade launcher complex "Groza". It was developed in Tula in the 90s. This type of weapon is necessary to defeat manpower, openly located and protected by body armor. With the help of the complex, it is possible to disable lightly armored vehicles and vehicles.

Chemical and bacteriological weapons

The conditions of the global economic crisis greatly increase the likelihood of military conflicts. Therefore, one should not discount the factor that can be used different kinds weapons mass destruction. In this regard, it should be listed what types of weapons exist today. It is also necessary to understand the consequences of their use.

Chemical weapons have already been used. It happened during the First World War. There are also cases when it was used during the decision internal conflicts. For example, Marshal Tukhachevsky used this type of weapon during the fight against the peasants, who opposed the surplus appraisal. After that chemical species weapons of mass destruction were practically not used, with the exception of some attacks by terrorists. This type of weapon is developed quite well, and has a relatively low cost. However, his handling is very poor. There are plenty of protective equipment available.

Cases of the use of bacteriological weapons have been recorded in the distant past. In some situations were used during the Great Patriotic War German troops. They are characterized by low cost, relatively low controllability. As a result, it is practically never used.

Nuclear weapon

At the present stage, the most effective and controlled form weapons of mass. Available from USA, Russia, China, India, Pakistan, England, France, North Korea. According to some reports, Israel also has a similar type of weapon. But this country has not yet been recognized as a nuclear power, since no tests have been carried out. There is also evidence that Iran and South Africa have a certain number of warheads.

Such weapons provide a guarantee of security. None nuclear power has not yet been subjected to military aggression. Such types of mass weapons were used only twice. And both happened during the bombing of Japanese cities. It was in 1945. This barbaric bombing claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of innocent people. However, some historians and politicians believe that such an action was fully justified. With the help of it, it was possible to end the war in the east with one blow and save the lives of many people.

Speaking about the types of nuclear weapons, it should be noted that for Russia they also played a positive role. The creation of this type of weapon required the development high technology, studying fundamental and applied science, increasing labor productivity. All this has led to an increase in the role of scientists in political life, to an end to unnecessary repressions, to an increase in investment in education and science.

Kurchatov, together with his associates, was able to give the country a guarantee of security. In addition, the foundations for nuclear energy were laid. However, the process subsequently went down a negative path. Experts stated that only 500 charges would be enough for the security of the nation. However, by the 70s. the military-industrial complex began to operate beyond comprehension. About 30 thousand charges were produced. And this, according to experts, played a role in the collapse of the USSR.

What other types of weapons can be called mass?

There are several more types of weapons of a mass character.

  1. Vacuum weapon. The damaging factor is the rarefaction of the air, and not. The destructive force is equal to the action of small nuclear charges. hallmark is the absence of a radioactive trace. Used in the Middle East. Differs in high cost.
  2. High-precision types of mass weapons. They have low power. They can cause serious accidents. For example, with the help of high-precision missiles, it is possible to break a pipeline or individual energy cables.
  3. geophysical weapons. The real development took place only in America. Serious use of these weapons did not occur, since lithospheric plates not studied sufficiently.

There are many more types of weapons that can be considered massive. However, their actual use is hampered by the lack of a theoretical basis.

Don't Forget About Self Defense

Various types of weapons are used for self-defense. They should be understood as a variety of technical means with which you can protect yourself legally. There are traumatic, gas and pneumatic types of weapons.

Traumatic weapons are necessary to disable the enemy. This happens with the help of causing a slight injury. The attacker, receiving a painful blow, fails for several minutes. And this is what will provide the victim with the opportunity to get as far away from the perpetrator as possible. Traumatic weapons do not carry serious health consequences. The most widely used pistols are fired with rubber bullets or tear gas. The Osa pistol gained great popularity.

Less effective is the gas weapon. The enemy will lose orientation for only a few seconds. But even this time may be enough to escape. It can take from several minutes to several hours for the enemy to fully restore health.

Air pistols are not self-defense weapons. They are used as training by those who wish to acquire firearms. They are also used for sports purposes.

What other types of weapons can be used in combat?

There are a variety of types of edged weapons. One of the most popular is the knife. Widespread to acquire army, Finnish, police knives. There are also special, throwing. They are distinguished by a displaced center of gravity - towards the tip. It is necessary to consider in more detail the most popular types of knives used in combat.

  1. "Taiga" - a machete knife, produced under the guidance of designer Skrylev. A specific feature is the differentiated sharpening of the blade, one part of which is intended for digging. The other part provides the ability to chop a tree, the third performs the function of a sling cutter, the fourth is necessary for cutting through thickets. The fifth part of the blade acts as a saw. In addition, an awl, thread, needles, matches, etc. can be placed in the Taiga handle.
  2. Speaking about different types of edged weapons, the Beaver knife should be highlighted. This is a military variation of "Taiga". It is characterized by increased strength and advanced combat capabilities.
  3. Expedition knife. Designed by Skrylev. The name speaks for itself. Lighter and simpler than Taiga. It has a skinning hook.
  4. Legendary combat knife "Katran". It was developed for underwater combat, but due to lack of money, it was acquired by the FSB. It is in service with the special forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Ballistic missiles have been and remain a reliable shield of Russia's national security. A shield, ready, if necessary, to turn into a sword.

R-36M "Satan"

Developer: Design Bureau Yuzhnoye
Length: 33.65 m
Diameter: 3 m
Starting weight: 208 300 kg
Flight range: 16000 km
Soviet strategic missile system of the third generation, with a heavy two-stage liquid-propellant, ampulized intercontinental ballistic missile 15A14 for placement in a silo launcher 15P714 of increased security type OS.

The Americans called the Soviet strategic missile system "Satan". At the time of the first test in 1973, this missile became the most powerful ballistic system ever developed. Not a single missile defense system was able to withstand the SS-18, the radius of destruction of which was as much as 16 thousand meters. After the creation of the R-36M, Soviet Union could not worry about the "arms race". However, in the 1980s, "Satan" was modified, and in 1988 it was put into service Soviet army enrolled a new version SS-18 - R-36M2 "Voevoda", against which modern American missile defense systems cannot do anything.

RT-2PM2. "Topol M"


Length: 22.7 m
Diameter: 1.86 m
Starting weight: 47.1 t
Flight range: 11000 km

The RT-2PM2 rocket is made in the form of a three-stage rocket with a powerful mixed solid-propellant power plant and a fiberglass body. Rocket testing began in 1994. The first launch was carried out from the mine launcher at the Plesetsk cosmodrome on December 20, 1994. In 1997, after four successful launches, mass production of these missiles began. The act on the adoption by the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation of the Topol-M intercontinental ballistic missile was approved by the State Commission on April 28, 2000. As of the end of 2012, at combat duty there were 60 Topol-M missiles mine and 18 mobile-based. All silo-based missiles are on combat duty in the Taman missile division (Svetly, Saratov region).

PC-24 "Yars"

Developer: MIT
Length: 23 m
Diameter: 2 m
Flight range: 11000 km
The first rocket launch took place in 2007. Unlike Topol-M, it has multiple warheads. In addition to warheads, Yars also carries a set of missile defense breakthrough tools, which makes it difficult for the enemy to detect and intercept it. This innovation makes the RS-24 the most successful combat missile in the context of the deployment of a global American system PRO.

SRK UR-100N UTTH with 15A35 rocket

Developer: Central Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering
Length: 24.3 m
Diameter: 2.5m
Starting weight: 105.6 t
Flight range: 10000 km
Intercontinental ballistic liquid rocket 15A30 (UR-100N) of the third generation with a multiple reentry vehicle (MIRV) was developed at the Central Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering under the leadership of V.N. Chelomey. Flight design tests of the ICBM 15A30 were carried out at the Baikonur training ground (chairman of the state commission - Lieutenant General E.B. Volkov). The first launch of the ICBM 15A30 took place on April 9, 1973. According to official data, as of July 2009, the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation had 70 deployed 15А35 ICBMs: 1. 60th Missile Division (Tatishchevo), 41 UR-100N UTTKh UR-100N UTTH.

15Ж60 "Well done"

Developer: Design Bureau Yuzhnoye
Length: 22.6 m
Diameter: 2.4m
Starting weight: 104.5 t
Flight range: 10000 km
RT-23 UTTH "Molodets" - strategic missile systems with solid-fuel three-stage intercontinental ballistic missiles 15Zh61 and 15Zh60, mobile railway and stationary mine-based, respectively. Appeared further development complex RT-23. They were put into service in 1987. Aerodynamic rudders are placed on the outer surface of the fairing, allowing you to control the rocket in a roll in the areas of operation of the first and second stages. After passing through the dense layers of the atmosphere, the fairing is reset.

R-30 "Mace"

Developer: MIT
Length: 11.5 m
Diameter: 2 m
Starting weight: 36.8 tons.
Flight range: 9300 km
Russian solid-propellant ballistic missile of the D-30 complex for placement on Project 955 submarines. The first launch of the Bulava took place in 2005. Domestic authors often criticize the Bulava missile system under development for a fairly large proportion of unsuccessful tests. According to critics, the Bulava appeared due to Russia's banal desire to save money: the country's desire to reduce development costs by unifying the Bulava with land-based missiles made its production cheaper , than usual.

X-101/X-102

Developer: MKB "Rainbow"
Length: 7.45 m
Diameter: 742mm
Wingspan: 3 m
Starting weight: 2200-2400
Flight range: 5000-5500 km
strategic cruise missile new generation. Its hull is a low-wing aircraft, but has a flattened cross-section and side surfaces. Warhead missiles weighing 400 kg can hit 2 targets at once at a distance of 100 km from each other. The first target will be hit by ammunition descending on a parachute, and the second directly when a missile hits. With a flight range of 5000 km, the circular probable deviation (CEP) is only 5-6 meters, and with a range of 10,000 km does not exceed 10 m.

As you know, the creators of weapons in different countries peace in different times fed and continue to have a serious craving for naming their offspring with bright and memorable names. These may be terms associated with names precious stones, birds of prey, wild animals, fish, names of famous folklore characters, etc. If a person who is well versed in the types of communications is asked where to buy jasper, then he will first of all think that they are trying to find out from him not about buying a famous stone, but about phototeletype communication equipment or about the Yashma-N portable radio station.
Among other minerals, the names of which are found in the naming of Russian military equipment, there are the following: yahont, diamond, granite and others. Under the word yahont there are several types of equipment. First, it is a supersonic anti-ship missile. In another version, the same missile is called "Onyx" P-800. The Americans call this weapon Strobil - a pine (spruce) cone. The missile was developed by designer G.A. Efremov and is designed to destroy enemy ships. Yakhont missiles are currently being delivered to India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Syria. In Russia, such a missile is used to form the ammunition of class 855 Yasen submarines. The ships of project 1234.7 and 22350 are also equipped with it. The mass of Yakhont exceeds 3 tons with a length of 8.9 m. The warhead of the rocket has a mass of 250 kg.

"Diamond" is an aircraft radar sight, as well as one of the means of detecting an inductive perimeter character. Almaz also has other expressions in the military-technical industry. In particular, this is how the BIUS designates - a combat ship information and control system.

The tradition of naming weapons based on their resemblance to other objects dates back to the 16th century. It was then that grenades appeared in the arsenal of the French army, and the soldiers, without thinking twice, gave them the name of the fruit - and they are similar in shape and the grenade burst into small fragments resembles numerous pomegranate seeds. The same applies to lemonade. And the M9 anti-tank grenade launcher, which entered service with the American army during World War II, the soldiers named the bazooka in honor of musical instrument. At the same time, the names that demonstratively emphasized the deadly and threatening nature of machine guns, tanks, and missiles received the greatest popularity. All of us have heard of the German Panther and Tiger tanks.

However, all this has a very remote relation to Russia, since our engineers, as always, went their own way. Titles Russian weapons often unusual, witty, and sometimes even flirtatious. Sometimes there is a feeling that all the names of domestic self-propelled guns, rockets and anti-aircraft systems are a real mockery of likely adversary. Looking at the names of Russian military equipment and weapons, you understand that KVN could only be born in this country.

For example, in Germany there is a tank "Leopard", in Israel - "Merkava" ( war chariot). In France there is a tank "Leclerc", in America "Abrams", both named after famous generals. We also have a modification of the T-72B2 "Slingshot" tank, named after the slingshot. Or another example from the field of artillery. The Americans called their self-propelled guns "Paladin", the British "Archer" (Archer), everything seems to be clear. And if you look at domestic developments, there are only flowers: Carnations and Acacias, Peonies and Hyacinths, the latter, among other things, can also fire nuclear weapons. Probably not a single potential adversary will dare to smell such a bouquet.

SAU 2S5 "Hyacinth"


The same can be traced with us at the level of missiles, the American anti-tank missile called "Dragon", another "Shilleila" (club), everything is quite logical. However, we have our own approach - the 9M14M Malyutka ATGM, 9M123 Chrysanthemum ATGM, and the Metis anti-tank missile is equipped to the heap with the Mulatto night sight.

It should be noted that flowers occupy a special place in the work of Russian designers. The Russian army is armed with a whole "garden". We have 152 mm self-propelled gun"Hyacinth" (its second unofficial name "genocide" more accurately reflects the capabilities of the weapon). There is a "Pion" - self-propelled guns with a 203-mm 2A44 cannon, there is a "Tulip" - a 240-mm self-propelled mortar, self-propelled guns 2S1 "Carnation" and 2S3 "Acacia", as well as an 82-mm automatic mortar 2B9 "Vasilek", and this not the whole bouquet yet. If we talk directly about the "Bouquet", then this is the name of the escort handcuffs for 5 people.

Judging by other names, it can be noted that sentimentality is not alien to our military engineers. Apparently, the dull dullness of army life is pressing on them, so they yearn for romance and spiritual awe. Probably, it is precisely because of this that the radio direction-finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 is called "Smile", the thermobaric warhead 9M216 - "Excitement", the 240-mm rocket MS-24 with a chemical warhead - "Laska", the 122-mm rocket projectile 9M22K with a cluster Warhead - "Decoration". Special mention should be made of the UAZ-3150 Shalun car, the MP-352 Pozitiv shipborne radar and the 23-mm rubber bullet Hello. The “Visit” body armor, the “Variant” grenade-launcher-shovel, the “Azart” infantry shovel, the “Tenderness” handcuffs, and the “Ecstasy” multiple-action flash and noise grenade can also be attributed to the same series.

grenade-shovel "Variant"


An equally popular topic for inspiration in the defense industry is animal world. But even here we will not talk about "cheetahs" and "tigers" (although in fairness it should be noted that there are "tigers" in the Russian army), Russian designers are honest people. Tigers in Russia, of course, are found, but very limited, only on Far East, but there is a lot of protein, which is probably why Belka is a 140-mm M-14S rocket projectile, a radio station military intelligence 4TUD and RM-207A-U target missile rolled into one. There are also “Boars” in our country - a multi-purpose target missile system 96M6M, “Flies” - a 64-mm RPG-18 rocket-propelled anti-tank grenade, “Raccoons” - a 533-mm homing torpedo SET-65, “Grasshoppers” - a mobile robotic complex MRK -2, "Canaries" - silent automatic grenade launcher 6S1.

We call the experienced automatic grenade launcher TKB-0134 "Kozlik", and the ground-based portable DV-SV radio receiver R-880M "Shrimp". Of the overseas animals, one can meet in the Russian army "Panda" - the N001VP radar sighting system for modifications of the Su-27, and "Hummingbird" - a 324-mm aviation anti-submarine torpedo. All this is crowned by the 1L219 - "Zoo" artillery reconnaissance and fire control complex, and you know, there is even some logic here.

They beat the military and the eternal theme of health. That is why today the Russian army has at its disposal the armored personnel carrier BTR-80A "Violence" and the heavy TRS station R-410M "Diagnoz". In addition, there is a special medical machine for airborne troops BMM-1D "Traumatism" and software and hardware complex 65s941 "Tonus".

UAZ 3150 "Naughty"


Military designers could not get around the topic of professions, while judging by the names, many of them previously worked in the field of journalism. This is hinted at by the MKZ-10 “Subtitle” electronic compatibility system, the Gazetchik-E radar protection means, and the somewhat ambiguous “Paragraph” - a 220-mm 9M27D propaganda rocket designed for the Uragan MLRS.

Found in the names of military products and references to other completely non-military professions. So, for example, a 30 mm aviation automatic gun 9A-4071 is called "Ballerina", and the autonomous integrated secondary radar for ATC and state identification is called "Stewardess". Some of the military designers were apparently well acquainted with the work of the Courier, hence the name for the mobile ground missile system 15P159 with small-sized ICBM RSS-40.

There are quite hospitable, primordially Russian notes in the name of our weapons, for example, in the Gzhel body armor or the EW L-183-1 Bukovitsa control and verification equipment. These names are quite suitable for the formation of the Russian folk image. This also includes the immensely joyful names for the ICBM RT-23 UTTH (RS-22) "Molodets" and heavy flamethrower systems TOS-1 "Pinocchio" and TOS-1M "Solntsepek", as well as the 55-mm ship's seven-barreled grenade launcher MRG-1 Twinkle.

TOS-1 "Pinocchio"


Somehow apart in this row there are two more interesting systems: the hand-held flamethrower RPO-2 "Priz" and the non-contact fuse 9E343 "Semifinal". Although in fairness, both the first and second options contain certain hints to justify their name.

If we take this issue seriously, then we can figure out that the names of weapons are given in accordance with established traditions:
- according to the modification letter: Angara - S-200A, Vega - S-200V, Dubna - S-200D, etc.
- by the name of the competitions or R&D: "Judge", "Rook".
- by abbreviation: "Nona" - New Ground Artillery Gun, "Kord" - Kovrov Gunsmiths-Dyagterevtsy, etc.
- based on the logic of the series: ACS - "flower series": "Peony", "Hyacinth", "Tulip", etc.; air defense systems - "river series": "Tunguska", "Shilka", "Neva", "Dvina"; MLRS - various natural phenomena: "Grad", "Hurricane", "Smerch", "Tornado".
- associative names: MANPADS - "Needle", "Arrow"; complex for setting radio interference "Moshkara"; camouflage sniper suits - "Kikimora" and "Leshy".
- army humor: a sapper shovel - "Azart", handcuffs "Tenderness", a shot to an underbarrel grenade launcher - "Foundling", a heavy flamethrower system "Pinocchio".
- in honor of the creators: the T-90 tank has the name "Vladimir" (after the name of the chief designer of the machine), the Antey-2500 air defense system (after the name of the creator company).
- according to a pronounced action or property: fire extinguishing system "Hoarfrost" (sprays powder), dynamic protection "Contact" (triggered by contact).

Sources used:
www.ria.ru/defense_safety/20120330/609056634.html
www.luzerblog.ru/post680
Materials of the free Internet encyclopedia "Wikipedia"

The tradition of naming weapons based on their external resemblance to any object dates back to the 16th century. Then grenades first appeared in service with the French army. The soldiers, without thinking twice, assigned the name of the fruit to the new weapon - they are similar in shape, and the grenade burst into small pieces resembles numerous pomegranate seeds.

The same can be said about the lemon. And the M9 anti-tank grenade launcher, which entered service with the American army during World War II, is in honor of the musical instrument. The grenade launcher was allegedly similar in shape to a bazooka, in addition, the whistle of a flying projectile reminded the soldiers of the sound of the instrument.

And yet, the names that emphasize the menacing and deadly nature of tanks, machine guns and rocket launchers. Worth remembering at least german tanks"Tiger" and "Panther", multi-purpose anti-aircraft complex "Gepard", American anti-tank missile system "Dragon" ...

Russian engineers took a different path. The names of our weapons are witty, unusual, sometimes even flirtatious. And sometimes it seems that all the names of Russian howitzers, anti-aircraft systems and rockets are a real mockery of an imaginary enemy.

Narva flowers and give "Bouquet"

Flowers are a separate theme in the work of engineers. The Russian army is armed with a whole "garden". There is "Hyacinth"- 152mm self-propelled gun (by the way, the second unofficial name, "Genocide", more accurately reflects its capabilities). There is "Tulip"- 240 mm self-propelled mortar. There is "Peony"- a self-propelled artillery mount with a 203 mm 2A44 gun, - as well as self-propelled howitzers 2C1 "Carnation", 2C3 "Acacia" and 82 mm automatic mortar 2B9 "Cornflower". And this is not the whole "bouquet". Speaking of "Bouquete". This is the name of escort handcuffs for five people.

In general, judging by many names, military engineers are not alien to sentimentality. The dull dullness of army everyday life presses on them, engineers yearn for spiritual awe and romance. Hence, probably - thermobaric warhead 9M216 "Excitement", radio direction finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 "Smile", 122 mm 9M22K missile with cluster warhead "Decoration" and 240 mm MS-24 missile with chemical warhead "Weasel". The 23 mm rubber bullet deserves special mention. "Hey", shipborne radar MR-352 "Positive".

© Photo: Panther RT-23 UTTH "Molodets"

Other "Zoo"

Another popular source of inspiration in the defense industry is the animal world. Here it would be appropriate to talk about "tigers" and "cheetahs", but our developers are honest people. Tigers in Russia are found only in the Far East, but squirrels are more than enough. So now "Squirrel"- this is a 140-mm M-14S rocket projectile, a RM-207A-U target missile, and also a 4TUD military intelligence radio station.

In addition, in our country there are abundant "Boar"- multi-purpose target missile system 96M6M, "Grasshopper"— mobile robotic complex MRK-2, "Fly"- 64-mm rocket-propelled anti-tank grenade RPG-18 (6G12) (TKB-076), "Raccoon"- 533 mm homing torpedo SET-65, and "Canary"- silent automatic-grenade launcher 6S1.

Ground portable DV-SV radio receiver R-880M named "Shrimp". Experienced automatic grenade launcher TKB-0134 - "Goat". And the radar complex for artillery reconnaissance and fire control 1L219 is short and comprehensive. "Zoo".

From overseas animals held in high esteem by the military "Hummingbird"- 324 mm aircraft anti-submarine torpedo, and "Panda"- radar sighting system N001VP for modifications of the Su-27.

And finally, the semi-finals.

"Semifinal". "Diagnosis" - "Violent"

Actually, "Semi-final"- proximity fuse 9E343. As if continuing the theme, the engineers called the hand-held flamethrower RPO-2 "Prize". I involuntarily recall the "sector-prize on the drum" ...

The eternal theme, the theme of health, was played by the military in their own way. The heavy TRS station R-410M was at the disposal of the Russian army "Diagnosis" and armored personnel carrier BTR-80A "Rampant". In addition, there is a software and hardware complex 65s941 "Tone" and medical vehicle for the Airborne Forces BMM-1D "Injury".

And the very sad 40-millimeter shot VOG-25P (7P24) to GP-25 (30) "Foundling".

"Ballerina" is not "Paragraph" for you

They did not bypass the topic of the profession. One gets the impression that many of those who come up with names have previously worked as journalists. This is hinted at "Newsman-E"- a means of protecting radar stations, "Subtitle"- a complex for ensuring electronic compatibility MKZ-10, and a little ambiguous "Paragraph"- 220-mm 9M27D propaganda rocket for the Uragan multiple launch rocket system.

However, among military engineers there are those who, apparently, are familiar with the work "Courier"- a mobile ground-based missile system 15P159 with a small-sized RSS-40 ICBM, and even "Stewardesses"- autonomous integrated secondary air traffic control and state identification radar. Here, as an example, one could cite such an unusual and romantic profession as a ballet dancer, which is hinted at by "Ballerina", 30 mm 9A-4071 aircraft automatic cannon, but this weapon was named so for its elegance.

Other "Options"

Sometimes it seems that the names of our weapons sound more joyful than the hospitable call "Welcome!". For example, ICBM RT-23 UTTH (RS-22) "Well done", 55mm MRG-1 shipborne seven-barrel grenade launcher "Spark", heavy flamethrower system TOS-1M "Sunshine". Add to this a few elements of national identity, like the 220mm heavy flamethrower system TOS-1 "Pinocchio", body armor "Gzhel" and control equipment REB L-183-1 "Betony"- you get a well-formed Russian folk image.

And yet, among the names of Russian weapons, a romantic mood stubbornly hovers. Flirtatious ceremony of the same body armor "Visit", crafty uncertainty of a 40-mm grenade-shovel "Option", the playfulness of an infantry shovel "Excitement". About handcuffs "Tenderness", car UAZ-3150 "Naughty" and a multiple-action flash and noise grenade "Ecstasy" and you don't have to speak.

In fairness, it should be noted that, on the other hand, our weapons are also not entirely alone. "Whispers"(alert system P-161 - ed.) and "grasshoppers". There is in the arsenal of the Russian army and the famous field jet system BM-21 "Grad", and a multiple launch rocket system of 300 mm caliber "Tornado", and the S-300VM air defense system "Antey-2500". But all kinds of "tornadoes", "hurricanes" and "typhoons" in the history of world weapons are a dime a dozen.