Utilization of waste wood, equipment for the processing of wood waste, sawdust, shavings. Crusher - an effective tool for crushing branches Processing wood into chips

The process of logging, woodworking and secondary production is associated with the formation of wood waste. The volumes of recycled wood production are commensurate with the volumes finished products. Additional source wood waste are forest parks and green spaces of cities, which are periodically subjected to sanitary felling and cleaning. However, finds useful application no more than half of the remains of wood. Valuable natural material it simply rots without attempting to recycle. Therefore, the processing of wood waste and recycling raw materials remain relevant.

The following types of raw materials remain unprocessed at the procurement sites:

• roots and stumps;
• branches and branches;
• small tree greens;
• sawdust and shavings;
• bark and tops.

In the sawmill industry, a fifth of the imported material is classified as non-commercial wood or firewood, and part goes into sawdust. At factories for the production of furniture, plywood, veneer, the share of waste is 35–60% of the volume of sawn timber.

It should be noted that wood residues are a valuable source of raw materials for recycling in order to obtain products and materials. for various purposes. Their processing will serve to save natural resources and solve environmental problems.

Classification of wood raw materials

Wood waste is classified by density:

• bark and bast;
• soft - shavings and sawdust, dust, tree greens: needles and leaves;
• solid or lumpy - this includes stumps, slabs, roots, tree branches, pruning.

How to receive:

• when felling the forest: stumps, tops, branches, bark, trimmings, firewood;
• when processing round timber or primary sawmilling;
• residues from the production of veneer and: shavings and sawdust, substandard trimmings, slats, slabs, bark;
• secondary waste of furniture factories: board cuttings, shavings and sawdust.

Ways to use

Woodworking wastes have the widest application, they are in demand in many sectors of the economy:

• construction;
• chipboard;
• cement particle boards;
• wood concrete;
• brick;
• gypsum sheets;
• paper production
• paper and cardboard;
• source of thermal energy;
• fuel briquettes and pellets;
• firewood;
• Agriculture;
• compost to improve the fertility of loamy soils;
• additive from sawdust to the soil of greenhouses and greenhouses;
• bedding for animals;
• processing solid waste after digestion of the extract fodder meal with antibacterial properties.

Sawdust of all kinds is in demand in hydrolysis and brick production, for heating and for the manufacture of gypsum-based sheets, for the production of sawdust concrete and organic fuel.

In private households, attics and basements are insulated with sawdust. In conditions industrial enterprises sawdust is needed to filter drains. A mixture of sawdust with serves as an excellent dry closet filler.

in paper mills and agriculture use wood waste. Small and large chips, especially coniferous trees, are needed to obtain a special building material for wood concrete. Recycled shavings after special processing are laid in wood-shaving and cement-shaving boards, which are necessary in housing construction.

Technology for chipping wood into chips

Processing methods

Wood waste processing is carried out according to two main technologies:

• chemical method of hydrolysis - resulting in turpentine, acetic acid, coal;
• mechanical - after grinding the wood, wood chips come out for the manufacture of building boards, pellets and briquettes for heating.

Processing wood begins with the division into varieties and types of wood. Then the raw materials are cut, cleaned of rotted areas, steamed.

For cleaning from harmful impurities that have penetrated from the soil or Wastewater treated with saline solutions.

At the next stage, the material is crushed on machines with toothed discs. In order to facilitate the process and reduce the load on the drive, the crusher is subjected to steam treatment.

Processing technology and necessary equipment selected based on the type of wood waste.

Specialized equipment for processing wood waste is selected depending on the chosen processing method.

In any case, you will need:

• Press forms;
• screw conveyor;
• manual rammers;
• chipper unit;
• mixing station;
• wood splitters;
• shredders;
• separators;
• briquetters;
• gas generator;
• storage hopper;
• coal burning stove;
• control station;
• transporters.

Getting charcoal

Wood waste should be effectively disposed of by making charcoal. Charcoal is used as a minor component in metallurgical and chemical production.

In construction technologies, it is used for thermal insulation. As a product of overproduction, it serves as an additive in the feed mixture for livestock and poultry.

Charcoal is characterized by high calorific value and lack of toxicity, it consists entirely of carbon. In the process of burning, it does not emit toxic substances, and it is also suitable for cooking.

Processing for organic fuel

AT European countries are concerned about environmental issues and try to minimize the burden on environment. One of the ways is the development of green technologies and the use of environmentally friendly organic fuels. Mining is successfully used after processing as fuel.

Cheap types of fossil fuels obtained from milled wood waste:

Briquettes

Made from the remains of woodworking. They can sustain combustion for 8 hours due to their high density. With minimal emission of carbon monoxide, they provide persistent heat.

Fuel material in the form of pellets with high calorific value.

The production of cheap energy carriers is a solution to the issue of sawmill waste disposal, protection natural environment and getting alternative view energy.

Production of fuel briquettes

One of the promising areas for the processing of woodworking waste is. The popularity of solid fuel boilers is growing because they are economical and efficient. BUT calorific value briquettes is comparable to coal.

The amount of heat released during the combustion of coal is 22 MJ per kilogram, and wood briquettes - 19. For example, the calorific value of firewood is 10 MJ / kg. Ecological material for heating has a low ash content, and wood chips serve as the feedstock.

Due to the constant increase in prices for, the need for alternative heat sources will increase.

To equip the processing industry, you will need:

• warehouse and transport equipment;
• installation for grinding recyclables;
• molding press;
• packing plant;
• drying unit.

Pellet production

The demand for those used in everyday life and at work is held on high level. Burning time and calorific value depend on the feedstock. In most cases sawdust is used.

The production line includes:

• crushers;
• drying equipment;
• coolers;
• granulators;
• packaging machines.

Chip production

Progressive technology for processing solid waste is the production of wood chips. Chips are needed as a technological raw material for other industries and fuel. In accordance with the purpose, it is divided into technological chips and fuel chips.

From practical observations, it became clear that active combustion in the furnace is observed after the laying of crushed material with a size of 25–100 mm. The use of large wood residues does not give efficient combustion because a dense layer is not formed.

Grinding of recyclables takes place on chippers.

drum chipper

Their design is different for various kinds and sizes of processed residues and requirements for the quality of the finished wood chips.

Machines are built into production line. Taking into account the individual characteristics of production, they are produced with a horizontal and inclined arrangement of the loading cartridge, top, bottom and side wood chips, left and right execution. This allows you to create best conditions work and increase productivity.

The dimensions of wood waste affect the location of the cartridge and the size of its bore. The processing plan and the applied technology determine the choice of machine for productivity.

The second equally important mechanism in processing into chips is gyratory sorting. The peculiarity of its design is that the box with several sieves makes a circular motion in a horizontal plane.

During the processing of sawmill waste on modern installations, the main production receives a huge amount of additional raw materials. Due to the timely disposal of wood waste, the ecological situation of the region where the production is located is improving. Therefore, the issue of wood waste disposal is raised at the administrative level of any region.

Video: Wood processing production

Wood chips are very popular material which is suitable for various applications.

Get it mostly as a waste when processing wood.

The types of chips for different applications, which are determined by the shape, size and type of wood, can vary greatly.

In this article, we will talk about the various equipment that is used to produce wood chips.

We will also talk about the influence of the type and configuration of equipment on the characteristics of wood chips.

For right choice equipment must be understood than wood chips different from other types of wood.

Therefore, changing the setting of the equipment with which chips or chips are obtained allows the production of a particular product. Because of this, in stores the same unit is called either a chip machine or a chip machine.

However, there is another difference between these products. It lies in the fact that chips, regardless of size, appears as a result of cutting or crushing wood, because of which it takes a certain shape.

Therefore, when the machine will produce shredded wood in this way, the size of which is more corresponding to the chips, formally this product will need to be considered chips.

Equipment for the production of

To equipment, which is suitable for wood chips, refer:

• drum chipper;
• rotary grinder;
• hammer crusher;

drum chipper

This is a multifunctional unit, which is used both for wood chips and for the production of various types of chips.

The basis this car - drum with a diameter of 30–150 cm, on which 4–8 cutting and 4–20 separating knives are installed.

In addition, the machine is equipped with a drive that feeds the wood to the drum and prevents it from flying out.

If after separating from total mass wood chips are too large, then the knives drag them along the sieve until they either split or are chopped by additional knives mounted on the body.

The size of the finished product depends on:

• drum diameter;
• number of knives
• wood feed rate;
• drum rotation speed;
• angle of entry of knives into wood.

The larger the diameter of the drum, the more time passes between cuts at the same rotation speed, which means that the cut material will be thicker.

In the same way, the thickness of the material is affected by number of knives, therefore, if necessary, get thick chips, remove half of the knives (after one, so as not to upset the balance).

Feed rate wood and drum speed on cheap machines not regulated, however, on home-made or expensive devices, there is such an opportunity, due to which it is possible to change the size of the chopped wood over a wide range.

Blade entry angle into wood determines the size and shape finished product. When it is 90 degrees, that is, the wood fits right in the center of the drum, then the cut occurs strictly along the fibers.

And first, separating knives act on the wood, cutting deep vertical stripes in it, then cutting, separating thin layer, At once falling apart into strips, the width of which is equal to the distance between the dividing knives.

Due to their small thickness, these strips break into narrow fragments corresponding to annual rings, because the strength of the connection of the wheels with each other is much lower than the strength of the wood inside one ring.

As the angle of entry of the knives into the wood decreases, so does the shape of the final product.

After all, the smaller the entry angle, the more length of the annual layer that fell into the cut fragment, which means that the width of the piece separated from the cut plate is greater.

Wherein thickness each piece is noticeably smaller than its width, due to which the form finished material fully meets the requirements for wood chips for production.

Therefore, by changing these parameters, it is possible to obtain both wide chips suitable for production, and chips similar to rectangular chips or alcohol infusions.

drum chipper can process any long wood, whose diameter does not exceed bandwidth unit.

Therefore, most often the machine is used to grind wood round timber, that is, debarked or unbarked trunks and thick branches.

In addition, the machine also suitable for chopping long pieces, however, there is a limitation on the minimum thickness associated with the peculiarities of the feed mechanism.

This unit not suitable for recycling used boards and logs, because an unnoticed nail will damage the knives and drastically reduce the efficiency of the mechanism.

Rotary chopper

The basis this device - heavy and thick rotor, which performs the function of a flywheel and is a platform for installing knives (usually 3 pieces).

The wood is fed through a special chute, at an angle of 50–80 degrees, due to which the width of the cut annual rings increases, and hence the size of the crushed product. Between rotor and housing from the wood entrance counter knife installed to make the device easier to operate.

After all, a chopping knife moving from above and a counter-knife fixed on the body create an analogue of scissors and not only increase the cutting efficiency, but also exclude wood from being pulled under the rotor and the unit jamming.

Typically, such a grinder is used in tandem with a hammer crusher, installing them in a common housing. This combination completely eliminates laminae with multiple undivided annual rings, resulting in a needle-shaped finished product.

If there are no strict requirements for the shape and width of chips, then a rotary grinder is used without a hammer crusher.

Main purpose this device - processing of cut branches Therefore, such devices are often called garden shredders.

Also the aggregate suitable for processing thin trunks and various trimmings any length, the only limitation is related to the cross section of the wood. After all, the gutter rests on a window of a relatively small section (from 10x10 cm for garden and up to 30x30 cm for industrial).

Hammer chipper

This apparatus consists of a shaft with support disks, between which are installed fingers holding hammers on themselves, that is, rectangular steel plates freely rotating around their axis.

Baffle plates are also welded to the shaft.

When the rotor disc is fully spun, and the speed of its rotation has become constant, hammers due to the action of centrifugal force, form a three-pointed star.

Any change in the speed of rotation also leads to a change in the position of the hammers, so they hit the impact plates intended for this either in front of them or behind them. Moreover, the impact force is sufficient to separate the wood along the border of the annual rings, but not enough to damage the fibers.

Usually such a crusher used in conjunction with a rotary grinder, because the energy of the impact of the fingers is not enough to separate large fragments of wood.

Therefore, most often a complex consisting of a grinder and a crusher is used for the production of arbolite chips.

After all, despite the extremely low cost compared to a drum machine or shredder, such a complex makes wood chips, which, in size and shape, are ideal for the production of wood concrete.

shredder

Devices of this type consist of a shaft with special hooks or teeth that pass through the grooves intended for them. When wood of any shape enters the working area of ​​the shredder, the hooks crush and break it into pieces, the width of which is equal to the width of the hooks.

More efficient twin-shaft units, because in them each shaft is both moving one row and grooves of another row.

Due to the huge torque with which the shaft rotates, shredder easily crushes wood of any species.

Even a nail that gets under the hooks does not affect their condition, because the teeth of the shredder do not cut or plan, but crush the wood, so small defects on their surface do not affect the result in any way.

More expensive and modern models of shredders are equipped with various systems, which correctly position the wood, because the size and shape of the chips directly depend on the position of the wood relative to the shafts.

When the wood fibers are located along the shafts, the crushing occurs at the joints of the rings, and the chips are of the highest quality. If the material enters the grinder as it turns out, then the wood chips turn out to be of various sorts.

Wood chipper models and their prices

Price complex machines such as drum chippers or shredders, depends on many factors, therefore, we have inserted links to the websites of the manufacturer or seller in the table, from which it will be possible to clarify information on the price of wood chippers, depending on the desired configuration:

Unit name	Description	Website of the manufacturer or seller
Skorpion 500EB	Drum crusher from Teknamotor. It is equipped with a three-knife drum and is capable of producing 25-34 m 3 chips of 10-30 mm in size per hour. Equipped with a 45–55 kW electric motor (depending on configuration). It is able to process not only trimmings and branches, but also trunks 15 cm thick.	www.teknamotor.by
MRB 110	Russian drum chipper designed for processing flat waste and round non-commercial wood with a diameter of 300 mm. Chip size is adjustable within 20–60 mm. The total capacity of the unit is 12-15 tons (not cubic meters) per hour, while the machine consumes 127 kW of electricity per hour.	www.stankoff.ru
RM-400	Modern drum chipper of medium productivity, suitable for processing various wood waste and round timber with a diameter of 140 mm into chips. Productivity is 15–45 m 3 chips per hour, and the ability to change the speed of wood supply greatly expands the possibilities of controlling the size and shape of chips compared to conventional drum grinders.	www.stankoff.ru
D630 ICE	A fairly powerful wood chipper that combines a rotary chipper and a hammer mill. This model is suitable for use in the absence of electricity and is equipped with a Chinese Lifan engine. It can also be connected to the PTO of a tractor or truck. The productivity of the device is 5–10 m 3 chips per hour.	www.scheporez.ru
ID-600M	Rotary hammer chipper of medium power, ideal for creating fuel, technological or arbolite chips. During operation, it consumes 19 kW of electricity per hour and during this time produces 3–8 m 3 of wood chips.	ruarbolit.ru
SOVA Shch-350	One of the cheapest rotary hammer wood chippers with a capacity of 2–7 m 3 per hour. Equipped with a 5.5KW motor, so it cannot work for a long time without interruption. On request, it is possible to install a more powerful electric motor or an internal combustion engine.	www.promrostplus.ru
UNTHA LR630	Modern single-shaft shredder with a capacity of 1-2 m 3 chips per hour. Consumes 11-19 kWh depending on the configuration. Equipped with a foreign object detection system that stops the machine in case of danger.	www.stanki.ru
ShDP-5D	Russian two-shaft shredder with a capacity of 30–45 kW and a capacity of 1–5 m 3 per hour. Can be equipped with a hammer grinder. AT basic version the size of the chips is 5-15 cm, if equipped with a hammer grinder, then the size of the chips is 5-50 mm.	severprominvest.ru
RPM-2/9	Twin-shaft shredder with a capacity of 150 kW, designed for processing large volumes of wood. Productivity is 1-3 tons per hour, depending on the type of wood and the configuration of the device. Due to the absence of complex electronics, this chipper is relatively inexpensive.	bmpa.ru

Related videos

The video shows the operation of various types of chippers for processing wood into chips:

Conclusion

Chip crushers are a whole class of devices that grind wood different ways, and most of these devices can produce several types of wood chips.

By changing the operating modes and settings of the shredders, you can change the type, shape and size of the finished product over a wide range.

In contact with

A wood chipper will become a reliable assistant in the processing of various wood waste. Its use will make it possible to process the remains of wood into chips, which can then be used to make fuel pellets and chipboard.

Tree chopper - design and principle of operation of the unit

The structure of the crusher consists of several important details. The device of the machine contains:

• Support frame;
• Engine;
• Shaft on which the cutting elements are installed;
• A shell that protects the operator from fragments;
• Bunker for receiving wood.

Despite the minimum number of parts, the wood chipper is a fairly massive unit, so many models are additionally equipped with wheels to facilitate the transport of the machine around the site. The motor of the unit is connected to the shaft with a chain or belt.

According to the principle of operation, a wood chipper is very similar to an ordinary electric meat grinder. When the device is turned on, the motor starts, which drives the shaft and cutter. The wood is placed in a receiving hopper, and, passing deep into the structure, crumble into small chips. Recycled wood is thrown outside or inside a special bin for receiving recycled raw materials.

Classification of wood shredders

Each forest shredder belongs to a certain class of aggregates. All economic machines of this kind are divided according to their mechanism of action and type of motor. On the modern market You can find the following types of units:

• Disc Tree Crusher - This machine is best suited for processing round tree trunks. As a result, the owner receives high-quality medium-sized chips, which are later used to create plywood and chipboard;
• The drum chopper is a fairly large design, which is also used to process round trunks. As a result, the chips are larger, and therefore not suitable for the manufacture of building materials;
• Hammer crusher - used for processing wood chips obtained after grinding in machines of the first two types. In the future, the finished product is used in the manufacture of high-quality fiberboard;
• Shredder-shredder - is operated for the purpose of processing wood with nails and screws. The result is a low quality chip.

The machine is also divided among themselves by the type of motor. On sale you can find a wood shredder into sawdust, running on gasoline or powered by electricity. The first option is well suited for the processing of coarse waste. The second type can be taken to the country for grinding small branches and branches.

Shredder of bushes and trees - features of the choice of the unit

There are a number of important criteria to consider when purchasing a wood chipper. They will give you the opportunity to choose a machine that is ideal for specific tasks.

When choosing a unit, consider:

• The tasks that the device should solve - when buying a machine, decide what raw materials it will process. For processing small branches and branches, a mini wood chipper is suitable, and for larger wood, it is worth buying a wood chipper;
• Type of fuel used - you need to determine which fuel will be less costly for you. Based on this, you can choose a model that runs on gasoline or from the mains;
• Motor power - the engine of the unit is designed for a certain load. If it is exceeded, the chopper may break. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly calculate the volume and duration of work.

Often, experts advise paying attention to the country of origin of the car. Russian-made units, as a rule, are cheaper than their imported counterparts, but they are almost as good as they are in terms of quality and reliability.

Wood chipper in tyrsu - how to do it yourself?

Anyone who has experience with a lathe and electrical equipment can make a wood chipper. For work, you will need to purchase a motor with a power of at least 3 kW, sheet steel for the manufacture of the case, knives and fasteners.
It is extremely important to familiarize yourself with the drawings before work. They will help prevent unwanted mistakes and get the job done faster.

Be sure to ensure that the knives used are correctly positioned on the shaft and are of high quality sharpened. It is best to use a 2-shaft design, in which the knives are mounted on shafts connected to each other by metal plates. The further work algorithm is as follows:

1. Divide the profile pipe into 4 segments, two of which are 80 cm long and the other two are 40 cm each;
2. Connect these segments to each other in the form of a rectangle. Fasten the wheel stands to the bottom surface;
3. Make a receiving hopper by connecting 4 metal plates for this by welding. Unscrew the upper and lower edges by 5 cm, so that the upper one goes inward, and the lower one goes out of the structure;
4. Install the chopping drum by screwing or welding it to the housing;
5. Install the motor and run the belt to the gears on the shafts;
6. Next, install a bin for receiving recycled wood on the device.

This kind of chipper is able to serve for a long time. You can use it to process branches, twigs, small and medium wooden beams.

- common, but far from the most effective practice. Yes, wood decomposes faster, for example, than plastic, it burns well, however, this garbage has big potential for later use.

Recycled wood has a variety of uses. Depending on the types of its processing, wood is obtained from:

• turpentine, coal and acetic acid, if it has been chemically processed - by hydrolysis;
• during the mechanical processing of wood, wood chips are formed, from which a building material is obtained - chipboard. and , are also the result of such processing.

The mechanical process is simpler and less expensive.

Shredder-shredder with BEAR CAT SC5720B +PSM. Mobile, high performance.

The main equipment for the processing of wood waste includes different kind shredders:

• Shredders are capable of shredding waste regardless of its original size. Horizontal, designed for processing small waste, and vertical - for larger ones. The sharpness of the cutting blades of the shredder significantly affects the quality and speed of the grinding process.
• Slow-speed shredders are less speedy, but no less reliable at the same time, and are often used in production.
• Briquetting press, produces briquettes for fuel. In the future, the product of their combustion is an excellent element for fertilizer. A distinctive feature of such a press is the ability to work with different types of raw materials, whether wood or paper.
• Silos are necessary in large workshops, as they provide storage and transportation of material.

To additional equipment relate :

• A planer that removes the surface from both sides of the wood, thus preparing it for the next processing process.
• Milling machines are used for additional work on wood. After processing wood on such a machine, chips are formed, which is another material for processing.
• Peeling machines do not produce chips in the course of their work, but thanks to them, veneer is produced.
• Debarkers are used to remove the bark from wood, in two stages: a light and deeper process of cleaning the tree.

Wood processing plants produce: charcoal, briquettes, and wood waste is also processed into gas.

Utilization and processing of sawdust, wood chips

Many enterprises simply burn sawdust, although there is another more rational way. Fuel briquettes can be made from sawdust and wood chips. In terms of energy release, they are comparable to firewood.

There are several ways to process sawdust.

For sawdust processing, screw pressing lines are used. They work for natural gas and diesel fuel and electricity.

The method is popular when using. This method has good performance and small overall dimensions equipment.

Pressing takes place without the addition of glue. The advantage of this is that the subsequent combustion of the briquette takes place without the release of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere.

Automatic sawdust and shavings press. Stationary, high-performance and automated. Much more efficient and productive than homemade hand presses.

In private and public utilities, special equipment is used for crushing tree branches, which is attached to a tractor or machine through a special shaft. The performance of such a device reaches approximately 6 cubic meters per hour. Sawdust is pressed right on the spot. In this way, an environmentally friendly and ready-to-use product is obtained.

There is another way to use sawdust as a fertilizer for the soil. Sawdust and shavings are also used as raw materials for the manufacture of building materials, and in chemical production for the manufacture of technical fluids, alcohols, solvents and other materials.

Often, other wood waste (for example,) is processed into sawdust and wood chips for further processing.

A very popular way of processing wood is in special.

Wood processing line

Ecological approach to consumed natural resources allows them to be recycled. A significant part of the recycling segment is occupied by wood processing. This process can be carried out in several ways: chemical, mechanical, mechano-chemical. The choice of technological method will depend on the planned end product of such processing.

1. The mechanical change in the original type of wood occurs in the way of its grinding, sawing, milling, turning, splitting, peeling, drilling or planing. The result of processing is lumber or fibrous semi-finished products. If wood fibers are pressed under high pressure, the result will be the production of pellets - fuel pellets with extreme energy concentration.
2. The combination of mechanical change with chemical change gives a homogeneous product from wood - chips, crushed wood and veneer, from which modified wood is subsequently made. The intermediate wood product (obtained by mechanical means) is subjected to polymerization by means of a synthetic binding ingredient under the action of pressure and a certain temperature. This is how plywood, chipboard, fiberboard, OSB are produced.
3. A purely chemical method of processing with alkali or acid is used to obtain gum, solvents, tanning agents, rosin from wood, constituent fillers for varnishes, bitumen, and also as a raw material in paper production.

The choice of specialized equipment involved in multi-variant wood processing lines is huge. Therefore, the capacity should be completed in accordance with the planned end result.

I would especially like to draw attention to the production of wood chips, or the "building stone" of the future (as it is otherwise called). Being the basis of integrated waste-free use forest resources, it opens up new possibilities in the recycling and disposal of any type of wood.

The line for processing wood into chips is the most in demand in this segment of production.

Due to its mobility and compactness, such an installation can be used at all stages of harvesting and processing wood (starting with grinding directly to clearings and ending with the processing of waste from large woodworking complexes).

A wood chipper is a machine used to process wood, usually branches or trunks, into smaller wood chips. These devices are often mounted on trailers suitable for towing behind a truck or van. Typically, power is provided by an internal combustion engine from 3 horsepower (2.2 kW) to 1 thousand horsepower (750 kW). There are also high capacity crusher models mounted on trucks and equipped with a separate engine. These models usually also have a hydraulic faucet.

The wood chipper was invented by Peter Jensen (Germany) in 1884, after which the machine became the main business of his company, which already manufactured and repaired utility woodworking machines.

Description and application of wood chipper

A wood chipper usually consists of a hopper with a collar, the chipper mechanism itself and additional container for collecting wood parts c. The tree branch is inserted into the hopper (the collar serves as a partial safety mechanism) and the chipping process begins. The wood chips exit through a chute and can be sent to a container on a truck or to the ground. Typical yields are chips ranging in size from 2.5 cm to 5.1 cm.

Wood chips are medium-sized hard materials made by cutting or trimming large pieces of wood. Wood chips can be used as a solid fuel from biomass and are a raw material for the production of wood pulp. They can also be used as organic mulch:

• in gardening;
• in landscaping;
• restorative ecology;
• in bioreactors for denitrification;
• growing mushrooms.

According to different chemical and mechanical properties mass wood logs are mainly cleaned, and the bark and wood chips are processed in different processes.

Machine device

Most shredders rely on power from a heavy flywheel to do their job (although some use drums). The chopping paddles are mounted on the face of the flywheel, which is accelerated by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.

Large chipboard shredders are often provided with grooves in the throat of their feeding funnels. As soon as the branch is captured by the rollers, the transport of the branch to the blades starts at a constant speed. These rollers have a safety feature and are generally reversible for various situations.

Device types

Shredders using high speed, low torque sanding rollers are becoming increasingly popular for indoor use. These machines are powered by an electric motor and have low level noise. Some of these machines are equipped with an anti-jamming feature.

Disc shredders

The original design uses a steel disc with knives mounted on it as a chopping mechanism. This technology dates back to the invention of Heinrich Wigge ra, for which he received a patent in 1922. In this design, (usually) hydraulically driven reversible wheels pull material out of the hopper towards a disc that is set perpendicular to the incoming material.

As the disk rotates, the knives cut the material into chips. They eject the tray flanged on the drum. This operating principle is not as energy efficient as the drum principle, but produces chips of a more uniform shape and size. Most chippers currently in use commercial companies for tree care are disc.

Consumer disk machines usually have a disc with a diameter of 15 to 46 cm. Industrial crushers are available with discs up to 4.1 m in diameter requiring 4,000 to 5,000 horsepower (3,000 to 3,700 kW). One of the applications of industrial disc felling is the production of wood chips used in the production of chipboard.

drum machines

Newer chippers use mechanisms consisting of a large steel drum driven by a motor, usually by means of a belt. The drum is mounted parallel to the hopper and rotates towards the output chute. The drum also serves as a feed mechanism, pulling the material out.

These types of shredders have many flaws and security issues. If the operator somehow gets caught in the material being fed into the machine, there is a very high chance of injury or death.

The new models overcome many of these shortcomings with the Auto-Feed Plus invented by Kurt Snyder. The digitally controlled Auto tachometer reverses the hydraulic feed wheels. The reversible feed system allows the newer stylish drums to handle larger diameter materials.

Machines for processing large diameter wood

There are much more large machines for wood processing, which can process material diameters over 180 cm and use:

• drums;
• disks;
• their combination.

The largest woodworking machines, often referred to as "grinders", can handle material with a diameter of 240 cm or more and also use carbide hammers for chipping wood instead of cutting. These machines have a capacity of 200 to 1 thousand horsepower. Some of them are so heavy that they need to be transported on semi-trailers. Smaller models can be towed by a medium duty truck.

While shredders vary greatly in size, type, and power, woodworking blades are similar in design. They have rectangular shape and thickness from 3.8 cm to 5.1 cm. The blades are made of high quality steel and contain at least 8% chromium for hardness.

Safety

Be aware of safety when working with a wood chipper. Below are a few recommended safety tips:

1. Be sure to read the operating instructions before operating any equipment.
2. Use the parking brake. This ensures that unforeseen situations do not arise when the machine starts moving unintentionally.
3. Wear safety goggles to prevent small debris from getting into your eyes.
4. Wear tight fitting clothing to prevent being pulled into the car.
5. Wear gloves to protect your hands.
6. Children and animals must be kept away from the machine.
7. Do not try to knock out tree branches while the machine is running.
8. Materials other than wood (stones, metal, plastic, textiles, etc.) must not be shredded in the machine.

Removing dead tree branches and pruning bushes can create tons of debris. Using a grinder will easily solve this problem. Wood chipping machines today are widely used in textile, paper, suspension and the woodworking industry, as well as for the production of wood pellets. These machines have no special requirements for raw materials and can process logs, peeled tree shoots, bamboo and fallen branches.