Winter will warm. Cold summer 2017: what is happening with the weather in the Moscow region What scientists say about summer
Employees of the Laboratory of Hydrometeorology of the Arctic of the Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation, together with foreign colleagues, studied the processes of area reduction sea ice Arctic Ocean and predicted their climatic consequences. Weather anomalies, in particular cold and rainy summer 2017 on the European territory of Russia, most likely, are the result of a decrease in the area of the ice cover of the Arctic Ocean. The research was supported by a grant from the Russian scientific fund(RNF). The results of the work were published in the journal Environmental Research Letters.
The processes of melting ice in the Arctic today have accelerated significantly. Behind last decade sea ice area (estimated at the end summer period) decreased by about 40%. disappearance arctic ice fraught with serious environmental impact, in particular the extinction rare species animals. On the other hand, the release of the waters of the Arctic Ocean from under the ice opens up new opportunities in the development of minerals on the Arctic shelves, expands the zone of industrial fishing, and improves conditions for navigation.
Employees of the Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation, together with colleagues, studied the processes of ice melting in the Atlantic part of the Arctic Ocean and described the consequences of these processes for the entire Arctic region. As a result of the work, a complete picture of hydrometeorological changes in the Arctic was obtained. Warm ocean currents bring warm waters from Atlantic Ocean to the Arctic Basin and the Barents Sea, providing accelerated ice melting. Ice-free water areas effectively absorb solar energy and quickly warm up, releasing excess heat and moisture into the atmosphere. Then air currents and major storms redistribute heat and moisture across almost the entire Arctic, leading to changes energy balance between ocean and atmosphere. In particular, scientists have found that downstream long-wavelength radiation (NDI) increases significantly. This is infrared (thermal) radiation emitted primarily by water vapor and clouds and directed towards earth's surface. Rising NDI contributes to the warming and melting of Arctic sea ice.
The blue-violet contours show the contours of the sea ice concentration during the winter season from 1979 to 2017 (dark blue indicates the lowest concentration). The red arrows represent the direction of the spread of the Atlantic water. The thin black and red lines show the position of the 20 percent ice stock in March 1979-2004 and 2012, respectively.
Russian scientists drew attention to the significant impact of large storms and the atmospheric circulation regime on the state of the ice cover. For example, Storm Frank, which occurred in December 2015, brought high latitudes the Arctic is anomalous high temperature(deviation from the mean climate temperature was 16°C), and the flow of NDI is significant (compared to climatic norm). As a result, the decrease in ice thickness in some regions of the Arctic Ocean has reached 10 centimeters.
Scientists obtained data on the area of sea ice from satellites, and the fields of distributions of temperature, pressure, humidity and radiation from the so-called reanalysis product (ERA-Interim). Reanalysis is a computer model that assimilates long-term observational data (radiosonde, aviation, etc.) for different characteristics atmosphere.
"The new knowledge obtained as a result of our work allows us to more accurately analyze the causes and consequences of the processes taking place in the Northern Arctic Ocean. If a sufficiently large area of the Arctic turns out to be uncovered by ice, cold and humid air intrusions are possible. European territory Russia. AT recent times This situation is becoming more and more frequent and is causing weather anomalies, such as the atypically cold summer of 2017," said Vladimir Vladimirovich Ivanov, head of the Arctic Hydrometeorology Laboratory, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
Meteorologists need to develop new algorithms that include information about natural processes taking place in the Arctic. This will make weather forecasts more reliable and take into account current climate changes.
Published on 06/19/17 09:20Scientists "blamed" China for the cold summer. And the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia has its own explanation.
June 15 was the coldest summer day in 67 years of meteorological observations. The air in Moscow warmed up to only 10 degrees, and in the morning it was 7-9 degrees.
Now scientists have found the culprit in the abnormally cold summer of 2017. They could be the Chinese satellite "Mo-Tzu", which participated in experiments on quantum movement. Measurements showed that in those days when the device worked in full mode, the weather deteriorated sharply, it rained, the winds intensified, NSN reports.
However, according to them intcbatch According to him, the concentration of particles in the atmosphere will soon normalize. Now the experts intend to study the influence of the processes associated with quantum communication on the weather, since before the launch of an innovative satellite conducted by Chinese scientists, such factors were not studied.
In the next 10 years, the climate is likely to be undulating, with frequent shifts higher and more low temperatures. The head of the Hydrometeorological Center Roman Vilfand told Rossiyskaya Gazeta about this.
According to him, normal average temperatures will be less, but the alternation of rainy and dry periods will increase. It is also possible that anomalous warm winters and frosts in summer. As for the upcoming summer prospects for residents Central Russia, then, according to the head of the Hydrometeorological Center, July still promises to please Muscovites and residents of the central regions warm weather, which will be several degrees higher than the norm. And even complete bathing season will be able to open. True, while the water temperature in Moscow and Moscow region reservoirs does not exceed 14 degrees.
The next week, as the head of the laboratory of the Hydrometeorological Center Lyudmila Parshina, said, the capital region is expected to be moderately warm. Daytime temperatures will fluctuate within 22-24 degrees, night -10-12 degrees. Rains are possible.
As for other Russian regions, the temperature background is different everywhere - up to 40-degree heat, as in Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo regions and in the Altai Territory, to night frosts, as in the Murmansk region.
The first reason is the abnormal heating of the Earth. The fact is that the mesosphere and other layers air shell very hot. Because of this, the temperature on Earth is slowly decreasing. Scientists predict the consequences of such weather - not global warming, but global cooling, which could lead to an ice age.
Cold summer 2017: the second reason for abnormal weather.
The second reason is the launch of a Chinese satellite called Mo Tzu. It is the first satellite designed for quantum transmission of information on Earth. During the mission, the mechanism of quantum entanglement is investigated, and test quantum teleportation is also carried out. The first experiments were successful, but then something went wrong. When the satellite begins to transmit information, negative air ions increase in the atmosphere, which contribute to the deterioration of the weather. Hurricanes and downpours form on Earth. In addition, monopoles appeared in the stratosphere. AT last time they were seen in 1816, which was nicknamed the year without a summer. Then the main reason for the cold summer was the eruption of the Tambora volcano. No matter how absurd this reason may be, world experts believe that the equipment on the satellite and the ongoing quantum operations can really affect weather planets. But they also report that soon everything should return to normal, and the long-awaited summer will come.
Cold summer 2017: the third reason for abnormal weather.
The third reason is the "North Atlantic bloc". According to meteorologists, the "North Atlantic block" is an anticyclone. A powerful ridge formed at the middle level of the troposphere high pressure, which does not pass air masses from west to east. Now this block is located in the UK, so only Arctic air enters Russia. Each of these reasons can affect the planet as a whole in its own way, but so far the result is the same - an abnormally cold summer is observed. One can only hope that July and August 2017 will bring the citizens of Russia a little more warmth than June.
Launched by China in August 2016, the world's first quantum communications satellite may well be the cause of anomalous weather events spring-summer 2017
Well, of course, not the satellite itself, but the equipment that is on board and with which experiments are actively carried out, the consequences of which scientists cannot predict even theoretically.
The very mission "Quantum experiments in cosmic scale” (Quantum Experiments at Space Scale, QUESS) was designed for two years.
With the help of the apparatus, the scientists planned to test the quantum distribution of the key between the satellite and ground stations and work out the conduct of secure communication sessions between Beijing and Urumqi. Also during the mission, the mechanism of quantum entanglement was to be investigated and a test quantum teleportation was carried out between a ground station in Tibet and a satellite.
However, after the first successful experiments, which partially confirmed the theoretical calculations, something went wrong.
In any case, the monitoring services of Russia and the United States noted a sharp (by 3-4 orders of magnitude, i.e. 1,000 - 10,000 times) increase in the number of negative air ions in sun-synchronous orbits with a height of 380 to 600 km. At the same time, the satellite itself was launched into an orbit with a height of 500 km.
In addition, the appearance in the stratosphere (and several cases - in the troposphere, in the tropopause region) of monopoles was noted, which has not been observed since 1816, nicknamed for its unusual cold weather in the Northern Hemisphere, a year without a summer.
Photo of monopoles at the boundary of the troposphere and stratosphere
All this may be the result of unstable (or, alternatively, abnormal) operation of the main node of the Mo-Tzu satellite (Micius) - a synchronous-duplex coagulator on trigenic cutters, the reproducibility of the parameters of which still leaves much to be desired.
Chinese quantum satellite "Mo-Tzu". The gravity deflector antenna is visible on the right.
Although a careful selection of components was made during installation, there are no guarantees that their parameters did not “float” in open space conditions.
So far, experts note that serious consequences, most likely, will not come - the atmosphere has a huge inertia, and most likely, it will "calm down" by itself in 5-6 years.
However, some of them note that there is a risk of a critical imbalance of gravity compensators, which ensure the synchronous transmission of the quantum state of a particle (particle system) over a distance. For this, a pair of coupled (so-called entangled) particles separated by a distance is used.
According to quantum mechanics, even when such particles move away from each other, they retain information about the state of their partner. Such entangled particles violate the principle of locality, which can lead to an uncontrolled ejection of gravitons towards the nearest mass. Since the satellite is close to the Earth, the nearest gravitating mass, the ejection will be directed towards it.
The intensity of the gravitational field in the area with a diameter of up to 1,000 km, which fell under the ejection, in this case will increase by 5-15 (according to various estimates) times.
Why do you need to rejoice at the rains and cold in the summer of 2017, because the most common epithet in relation to June in Moscow was the evil “well, damn summer”, or the dull “when will this disgrace end”?
Meteorologists cannot console and, it seems, are not going to, they call for reconciliation:
The alternation of cold and hot periods will accelerate due to global warming and an uneven increase in temperature on the planet, Roman Vilfand, director of the Russian Hydrometeorological Center, said at a press conference on Wednesday.
"During the period global warming the scope, amplitude, variations, variability will increase, the frequency of very cold and hot periods, dry and rainy periods will increase,” Vilfand said.
He explained that this is due to the fact that the temperature on the planet rises unevenly: in the equatorial territories, warming is less noticeable than at the poles, and as a result, the temperature difference between them decreases.
“This temperature difference between the equator and the pole is the basis for the emergence of circulation in the atmosphere,” Vilfand specified.
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Seriously, in great detail and purely scientifically, the causes of the weather anomaly have already been mentioned here -
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And now, purely worldly - let's look for a damn dozen reasons why: why is it worth rejoicing at the merlehlyundia outside the window and not being discouraged in spite of "all the devils"?
Well, firstly, because we can’t change anything, and the textbook: “if you don’t know how to change, adapt,” no one has canceled and no alternative to this recommendation has yet been found.
And, secondly, having a positive outlook on the world, it is quite possible to find pluses in minuses and the advice "if you got a lemon, make lemonade out of it" is quite right, in this case.
Let's try to make a refreshing lemonade from a sour and bitter lemon from the summer 2017 harvest?
It turned out that I was not the first to ask this question and therefore there is something to build on -
10 pluses of a cold summer 2017 in Moscow
Why should Muscovites enjoy the cold summer of 2017?
This summer, Muscovites most often talk about the weather, because the townspeople have not yet waited for real warmth. Although weather forecasters have promised that there will be heat in Moscow, the temperature is kept below normal. In fact, the cool summer in the metropolis has its advantages. The RIAMO correspondent found 10 bonuses that we will remember with longing during the heat.
1. Eternal green
Lilacs, apple trees and cherries bloomed later than usual in the capital this season, which means they will fade later. How many photo shoots were made among flowering apple trees in Kolomenskoye alone! The weather seemed to “preserve” the flowers so that everyone could enjoy their aroma, take a selfie and find the coveted lilac cinquefoil. 
2. Passengers don't sweat
AT public transport Moscow is cool. No one hugs you on the subway with a sweaty body and waves a fan right in front of your nose. Bare legs do not stick to the seats, and shirts and blouses do not get wet, which cannot but please the girls. In the subway, there are practically no grandmothers dying of stuffiness, fanning themselves with newspapers, and obese men spreading over doors with the inscription: "Do not lean."
3. Save on wardrobe
Cool summer is both a pain and a relief for fashionistas in the capital. Of course, they have not yet had the opportunity to walk out new sundresses and sandals, but all June they could wear a collection of shoes and dresses for the autumn / spring season or not get out of jeans and sneakers at all, saving both money and time for shopping.
Tights and closed shoes - again saving on epilation and pedicure. Any master will tell you that most women resort to a beauty salon in three cases: before a date, vacation, and when the heat comes. Cold June 2017 allowed Muscovites not to spend money on traditional summer procedures yet.
4. Clean curbs
hot summer evenings lovers of "drinking beer" on the street leave whole batteries of beer cans and bottles on the curbs. The same picture is observed in the mornings on benches, playgrounds, at the entrances of residential buildings, not to mention Moscow squares, parks and beaches! Usually, after a hot weekend, garbage is taken out of there by dump trucks. Cool weather makes the city cleaner, because in the rain you can’t sit on a beer bench much.
5. Heaven for white collar workers
Employees of banks and government agencies, where there is a dress code, are the most happy cool summer. Tights, tight pencil skirts, suffocating ties, trousers and jackets are not as offensive to wear at plus 10 as at plus 30. Office plankton now definitely does not envy the bare knees of Muscovites of “free” professions.
6. Fats in disguise
Those who did not have time to lose weight by the summer may not bathe - until it is “fried” to the fullest, extra kilos can be hidden under cardigans, sweatshirts and raincoats. Cool June gives the last chance to get in shape, because the heat will come someday, and Muscovites still have to undress.
7. Less fluff and dust
Thanks to frequent rainfall and wind, it is easy to breathe in Moscow this summer. There is less dust and poplar fluff on the streets, which is nailed to the ground by rain, and the air quality in general is noticeably better. There are also fewer flies and wasps in the city, which usually appear in the summer. So Muscovites can breathe deeply.
8. No summer blues
Sitting in the office when it is pouring rain outside the window is not at all as offensive as it is in the heat. When it is summer with warm evenings and crowds of people walking, it is simply unbearable to work all day long. Here you willy-nilly begin to envy the downshifters with black envy. While it's cold outside, you can save your vacation until better times.
9. Plaids and mulled wine
This summer, Muscovites flock to the summer verandas not to freshen up, but to warm up. The capital's cafes and restaurants offer the usual autumn bonuses - cozy blankets, warming drinks and gas lamps. Wrapped up in a blanket and taking a sip of mulled wine, you can dream of a hot summer in Moscow.
10. Remember Summer 2010
While some complain about the cold, others recall the abnormal heat in Moscow in the summer of 2010. For several weeks, the air temperature in the capital went off scale and broke records, and smog hung over the city from forest fires. Better rain and wind than burning and sweltering heat. 
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I would add a couple of more significant, in my opinion -
11. Exams and session
Applicants and students do not have to make a titanic effort to prepare for exams, instead of sunbathing, swimming, rollerblading in parks and squares, or loafing in summer cottages. Gnawing on the granite of science, when it’s raining outside the window, it’s psychologically more comfortable than an example ...
12. Museums, theaters and exhibitions
Visiting theaters-museums-exhibitions - instead of beaches and picnics with their invariable "barbecue for cognac" - "a feast of the spirit", instead of a "feast of the flesh", to which rainy and windy summer inclines simply imperatively.
13. Self-improvement and fostering optimism
Honing the ability to find pluses in minuses, "to make lemonade from the lemon you got," and from the "planted pig - bacon" - this is the main advantage of the first month of summer that did not live up to expectations ...
The desired devil's dozen has accumulated, as you can see ... Who is more?