Act of veterinary and sanitary inspection. The act of veterinary-sanitary and epizootological examination of the dairy farm FSUE "Smolenskoye" of the Smolensk region

Cattle hygiene on industrial farms

6. Act of the veterinary and sanitary inspection of the farm No. 1 of the SPK "Dawn" of the Korochansky district of the Belgorod region

The act was drawn up on 16.04.00.

Me, student-trainee Tolmacheva I.Yu. together with the chief veterinarian of the SEC "Rassvet" Barabanshchikova P.F., the chief livestock specialist of the farm Medkov S.V., the head of MTF No. 1 Gokov A.B. and veterinarian MTF No. 1 Volkov S.V. a sanitary and veterinary examination of the MTF No. 1 of the SPK Rassvet was carried out.

Farm address: Belgorod region,

Korochansky district,

with. Settlement, MTF No. 1

During the inspection of the object, the following was found: as of April 16, 00, there were 598 heads of cattle, including 394 heads of dairy herds, 204 heads of young animals, at MTF No. 1. The main breed of cattle is the red Swedish breed of dairy productivity. In the winter-stall period, the content is tied, in the summer-pasture period, animals are kept in summer camps and on walking grounds. At the time of the preparation of the act, the fatness of most animals is average, and in some animals it is below average.

Dairy herd cows are kept in two typical 4-row cowsheds, designed for 200 heads each. Young growth is kept in a typical room, which is two two-row barns connected by a common passage. Pregnant cows and heifers are kept in a typical 4-row room, separated by a partition. All premises are in satisfactory condition and require minor maintenance. The condition and safety of the premises is good. The sanitary condition of the examined object is satisfactory.

Animals are adequately provided with space in accordance with the relevant zoohygienic standards. The feeding front is 1 meter. Near each room there is a walking area. In addition, there are two summer camps equipped with shade awnings. Distance to grazing area summer period is 1 km.

MTF No. 1 has the following utility rooms: a veterinary station, a veterinary pharmacy, a room for storing disinfectants, a room for changing clothes for machine milking operators, points for receiving milk, washing rooms, an engine room, a red corner, an artificial insemination point. In addition, on the territory of the farm there is a feed workshop, two hay storages, an underground storage for root crops, a silo pit, a storage room for mixed fodder, meal, cake, and working equipment. The sanitary condition of veterinary premises, washing facilities, artificial insemination station and milk collection points is good.

Feed for feeding cows of the dairy herd is harvested on the farm, for young animals substitutes for whole milk and mixed feed are purchased. Preparation of feed for feeding is carried out in the feed shop. Distribution of feed is carried out mechanized with the help of feeder KTU-10. Two hay storages, an underground storage for root crops and a silo pit were built to store fodder. The safety of hay harvested on the farm is high, root crops are low due to improper preparation for storage and storage itself. Harvested silage of low quality as a result of poor compaction. The farm does not have any mineral supplements, including table salt.

Watering of animals is made from individual drinkers. Water comes from an artesian well through the water supply system and is pumped into the water supply network using a water tower. The water equipment is in fair condition. The quality of the water is low due to the content of a large amount of impurities of inorganic salts. Individual drinkers are often contaminated with feed impurities.

Manure removal is mechanized and carried out with the help of scraper conveyors. Manure from the scraper conveyor along the inclined conveyor enters special tractor carts and is transported to the manure storage, where it is subjected to biothermal disinfection. After biothermal treatment, manure is transported to the fields of the farm. During the examination, it was found that manure cleaning is regular, all the mechanisms for cleaning are in good condition and in good sanitary condition. In the dispensary, straw is used as bedding, the bedding is changed daily.

The air temperature in summer (indoors) averages +18?С, relative humidity is 70-75%, in winter period the temperature drops to 5-7?С, relative humidity 80-85%. The concentration of harmful gases (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide) is within the normal range. In the daytime, lighting of livestock buildings is natural, in the dark - artificial. The number of light bulbs is insufficient. Pipe ventilation, without mechanical devices, works on the supply and exhaust system. In winter, in order to insulate the premises, windows and doors are clogged with plastic wrap.

The territory of the farm is not divided into production and administrative zones. At the entrance to the territory of the object there is no sanitary pass. The truss fence is in proper condition only on both sides along the perimeter, on the other sides it is either completely absent or requires overhaul. As a result, it is not possible to enforce the no-entry rule on the farm. There are no disinfection mats in front of the entrance to the livestock buildings. On the territory of the farm there is no sanitary slaughter station, a quarantine isolator. Often the rules on sanitary breaks and regimes are not observed.

The autopsy of the corpses of dead animals is carried out on a special concrete platform in the open air. For disposal, animal corpses are sent to the Korochansky Veterinary and Sanitary Disposal Plant. The car for collecting corpses comes from this factory once a week. On other days, the corpses of dead animals are transported in their own transport or taken to the cattle burial ground. There is no biothermal pit for the disposal of corpses.

Disinfection of premises is carried out regularly, according to the established schedule. As a disinfectant, it is used: acoustic soda and quicklime. Preliminary mechanical cleaning of the premises is carried out. After disinfection, its quality is not checked. Upon completion of the work, an appropriate act is drawn up. Twice a year, whitewashing of the premises is carried out: before placing animals in a stall and after pasture in summer camps or pasture. Deratization is carried out irregularly. For this, zoocoumarin is used. Disinsection of premises is not carried out. Fighting stray dogs wild birds not conducted.

The average daily gain of young animals on the farm is 346 grams (1998). The average annual milk yield per one forage cow is 3667 kg with an average fat content of 3.6%. The farm is free from infectious diseases. In diagnostic studies for brucellosis and tuberculosis, positively reacting animals were not identified. The farm vaccinates animals against such diseases as colibacillosis, young salmonellosis, anthrax, and ringworm. Planned deworming from fascioliasis and treatment against hypodermatosis are carried out. Of the non-communicable diseases, such as mastitis, endometritis, placental retention, dyspepsia and bronchopneumonia are widespread. The incidence of dyspepsia is approximately 80%. Monthly during the control milking, a diagnostic study of animals for subclinical mastitis is carried out.

The farm is fully staffed. It employs 18 milkmaids, 3 locksmiths, 4 foragers, 3 tractor drivers. 2 feed workers and 4 calves. At the artificial insemination station, there are 2 artificial insemination technicians with a secondary veterinary education. The livestock of the farm is served by two veterinarians. The state also needs a veterinarian.

Farm workers are not provided with overalls. The conditions for observing the rules of personal hygiene are extremely unsatisfactory. First-aid kits are not equipped with the necessary medicines and dressings. For the rest of the farm workers, heated household rooms and a red corner are provided. Operators of machine milking undergo regular medical examinations. The head of the farm periodically checks the control of knowledge of the sanitary minimum.

Veterinarian training of farm workers is not carried out.

The farm organizes daily duty of the farm workers, during which the farm is cleaned, the feeders and drinkers are cleaned. Inside the livestock premises, daily cleaning of the places for setting up animals and feeding passages is carried out. Thoroughly wash the milk dishes and the milk bath three times a day.

Conclusion

As a result of the veterinary and sanitary examination dairy farm the following conclusions can be drawn:

a) the conditions for keeping animals comply with zoological standards;

b) the veterinary and sanitary condition of the livestock facility is satisfactory;

c) animal feed is often of poor quality;

d) despite the fact that the farm is sufficiently provided with utility rooms, many of them are in poor sanitary condition;

e) insufficient lighting at night, especially in winter, significantly complicates the work of maintenance personnel;

f) the deterioration of the epizootic state of the farm can be facilitated by the lack of proper fencing of the territory of the facility, sanitary checkpoint and disinfection mats;

g) the rule on the prohibition of access to the territory of the farm by unauthorized persons is not observed;

h) violations of the rules on sanitary breaks and regimes were revealed;

i) there is no fight against stray dogs, and no disinfection of premises;

j) service personnel are not provided with the necessary overalls. In an extremely unsatisfactory condition, the conditions for observing the rules of personal hygiene;

a) to carry out current repairs of the farm and preparation for winter-stall maintenance;

b) make the necessary fencing of the farm around its entire perimeter;

c) install a sanitary checkpoint and a disinfection barrier;

d) build a biothermal pit for the disposal of the corpses of dead animals;

e) organize strict observance of sanitary breaks and regimes;

f) control the quality of feed feeding, observe the technology of harvesting silage and root crops;

g) improve the conditions for observing the rules of personal hygiene by livestock workers;

h) provide the livestock building with the necessary number of electric lamps;

i) to equip a sanitary slaughterhouse and a quarantine isolator for animals;

j) organize the fight against stray dogs;

k) carry out regular disinfestation of livestock facilities;

l) provide service personnel with overalls;

m) strictly monitor the veterinary and sanitary condition of the farm in the future;

Chief veterinarian (signature)____P. Barabanshchikova

Chief livestock specialist (signature) ____________S. Medkov

Veterinarian MTF No. 1 (signature) ___ C. Volkov

Intern student (signature)________I. Tolmacheva

Head of MTF No. 1 (signature) __________ A. Gokov

7. Economic efficiency of measures for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in young cattle

The number of calves with bronchopneumonia is 15 heads.

The age of sick animals is about 3 months.

Total calves up to 6 months of age - 112 goals.

The duration of the course of the disease is 10 days.

Sent for forced slaughter - 2 heads.

The average live weight of calves at birth is 30 kg.

The average live weight of calves at 3 months of age is 60 kg.

The average daily gain of healthy animals - 0.364 kg, sick - 0.15 kg.

The purchase price for 1 kg of live weight is 7 rubles.

The purchase price for 1 kg for forced slaughter is 4.5 rubles.

Purchase price 1 cent. milk - 100 rubles.

For the treatment of calves used benzylpenicillin sodium salt, streptomycin sulfate. The cost, respectively: 1 bottle - 1.33 rubles. and 1.67 rubles.

Thus, the cost of medicine in the treatment of sick animals is 22 rubles. 50 kop. for one calf.

The economic damage from the forced slaughter of animals is calculated according to the following formula:

where - M - the number of animals;

Sp - the cost of the offspring;

Vp - average daily offspring;

T - period of illness;

C - the purchase price of a unit of production;

Cf - proceeds from the sale of forced slaughter products.

Y 1 \u003d 2 x (3.61X100 + 0.364x10x7) -2x60x4.5 \u003d 773-540 \u003d 253 rubles.

Economic damage from reduced productivity is calculated using the following formula:

where - M3 - the number of diseased animals;

B3 - average daily gain of healthy calves;

WB - average daily gain of sick calves;

T - period of illness;

C - the purchase price of a unit of production.

Y2 \u003d 15x (0.364 - 0.15) x10x7 \u003d 224.7 rubles.

Actual economic damage is calculated using the following formula:

UV \u003d U1 + U2 (3),

where - U1 - damage from forced slaughter;

U2 - damage from reduced productivity.

UV \u003d 233 + 224.7 \u003d 457.7 rubles.

The specific amount of damage per one diseased animal (KU1) is determined by dividing the total amount of damage by the number of diseased animals:

KU1 \u003d 457.7: 15 \u003d 30.5 rubles (4),

The specific value of economic damage per sick animal (KU2) is determined by dividing the damage from a decrease in productivity by the number of animals that have recovered: KU2 = 224.7:15 = 15 rubles. (5)

The specific value of economic damage per forcedly slaughtered animal (CR3) is determined by dividing the total economic damage from forced slaughter by the number of animals forcedly killed:

Kuz \u003d 233: 2 \u003d 116.5 rubles. (6)

7. The specific value of economic damage per one available animal (Kuch) is determined by dividing the total economic damage caused by the disease during its natural course by available animals:

Kuch \u003d 457.7: 112 \u003d 4.08 rubles (7),

8. Prevented damage in the treatment of sick animals is calculated according to the following formula:

Pu2 \u003d Mz x Cl x W x Y - Uf, (8),

where - CL - mortality rate (0.15);

W - live weight.

Pu2 \u003d 15x0.15x60x7-457.7 \u003d 487.3 rubles.

We determine the costs of veterinary activities using the following formula:

Sv \u003d Mz x (Zp + Zl) + Xp, (9),

where - Zp - wage costs;

Zl - the cost of medicines;

Xp - economic costs.

Payroll costs are calculated using the following formula:

H \u003d St: (Km x Kd), (10),

where - St - the rate of a veterinary worker;

Km - the number of calendar days in a month;

Kd - the number of working hours per day.

A paramedic treated sick animals, the rate of which is 350 rubles. The treatment took about 15 hours.

H \u003d 350: (25x8) \u003d 1.75 rubles.

H \u003d 1.75x15 \u003d 26.3 rubles.

Costs for medications are:

22.5x15 \u003d 337.5 rubles.

General business expenses are calculated using the following formula:

Xp \u003d ((Zp + Zl) x 0, 1) x Mz (11),

Xp \u003d ((1.75 + 22.5) x 0.1) x15 \u003d 36.4 rubles.

Sv \u003d 15x (1.75 + 22.5) + 36.4 \u003d 400.2 rubles.

The economic efficiency as a result of the treatment is:

Ev = Pu2 - Sv, (12),

where - Pu2 - prevented damage;

Sv - veterinary costs.

Ev \u003d 487.3 - 400.2 \u003d 87.1 rubles.

Economic efficiency as a result of the treatment performed per 1 rub. costs is determined by dividing economic efficiency as a result of the treatment for veterinary costs:

Er = 87.1: 400.2 = 0.22

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We, students of the faculty of veterinary medicine, conducted a survey of Rassvet LLC, on the subject of the veterinary and sanitary condition of the economy, its farms and livestock buildings.

This farm is safe in terms of acute infectious and invasive diseases animals, but not well for a chronic viral disease - bovine leukemia.

The survey revealed:

Dairy-commodity farm No. 1-farm is an insulator for keeping cows and their offspring positively reacting to RID for bovine leukemia. The territory of the farm is fenced with reinforced concrete slabs, a disinfection barrier is equipped at the entrance, which is in working order. Entry to the farm for outside vehicles and people is prohibited, for which a checkpoint has been built on which there is a duty officer at all times. The territory of the farm is asphalted and is in a satisfactory sanitary condition. Repair of livestock premises is not carried out in connection with the delivery of animals to a meat processing enterprise. At the moment, the animals are kept in summer camps, all animals have been identified, serologically tested for brucellosis and allergic to tuberculosis (02.09.09). All animals older than six months of age have been vaccinated against anthrax.

At the time of the survey, the dairy farm contains a total of 1129 head of cattle, including:

Cows - 593 heads

Heifers -79 heads

Heifers of 2007 - 73 heads

Heifers 2008 - 181 heads

Heifers of 2009 - 179 heads

Gobies 2009 - 24 heads

In August 2009, hematological studies were carried out on animals that positively reacted to bovine leukemia in the RID, hematologically, 42 cows were identified in which characteristic changes in the blood were found, all these animals were handed over for slaughter at the Yubileiny meat processing enterprise of the Krimenchug district of the Poltava region.

Dairy farm No. 2 is safe for all infectious and parasitic diseases, including leukemia. All animals were serologically examined for leukemia and brucellosis, as well as allergic to tuberculosis, vaccinated against anthrax. The territory of the farm is fenced with reinforced concrete slabs, a disinfection barrier is equipped at the entrance, which is in working order. Entry to the farm for outside vehicles and people is prohibited, for which a checkpoint has been built on which there is a duty officer at all times. The territory of the farm is asphalted and is in good sanitary condition. Animals are kept in a typical calf barn with walking areas - loosely on a non-replaceable deep litter.

At the time of the survey of the farm, there are 322 heads of cattle on the dairy farm, of which:

Heifers - 208 heads

Telok 2008 - 114 goals

The room is after a major overhaul, the walls, ceilings, feeders are carefully whitewashed. Mechanical cleaning of the premises and disinfection are carried out regularly, and the sanitary day is Friday. The watering of animals is carried out from automatic drinkers, feed is distributed using a feeder-mixer.

Dairy farm No. 3 is safe for infectious and parasitic diseases, recovered from bovine leukemia on December 27, 2004, decision No. 615. The territory of the farm is fenced with reinforced concrete slabs, a disinfection barrier is equipped at the entrance, which is in working condition. Entry to the farm for outside vehicles and people is prohibited, for which a checkpoint has been built on which there is a duty officer at all times. The territory of the farm is asphalted and is in good sanitary condition. The walls of the livestock buildings are whitewashed, but the mechanical cleaning of the premises and their disinfection have not been carried out. Sanitary day Friday. At the time of the inspection, the animals are kept in summer camps, all animals are identified, except for calves of three months of age.

At the time of the survey, the dairy farm contains 957 heads of cattle, including:

Cows -331 head

Heifers -36 heads

Telok 2007 - 210 goals

Telok 2008 - 238 goals

Telok 2009 - 130 goals

Breeding bulls - 2 heads.

Milking of cows takes place in a specially equipped milking parlor, a herringbone type installation. The resulting milk does not come into contact with environment, through milk filters through the milk pipeline enters the tank - cooler, where it is cooled to a temperature of + 4ºС. Every day a milk truck arrives for the Bashtansky butter-cheese-factory of the Nikolaev region, the Slavia trademark.

Pig farm - the territory of the complex is fenced with reinforced concrete slabs, asphalted, with the help of slabs it is divided into two sections: a reproduction complex and a fattening complex. At the entrance there is a sanitary checkpoint with disinfectants. The pig farm operates in a closed mode, the passage of foreign vehicles and persons not working at the pig farm is strictly prohibited.

At the time of the survey, the farm contains heads of pigs, of which:

Suction sows – 238 heads

Pigs on suction - 2 142 heads

Single sows - 23 heads

Breeding boars -54 heads

Piglets for fattening -1 841 head

On the territory of the fattening there are four livestock buildings, all of them are whitewashed, mechanical cleaning is carried out regularly, sanitary day is Friday. The reproduction complex includes four premises, including two farrowing workshops and two for keeping boars, single and pregnant sows. On the territory of the farm there is a feed kitchen, where they grind and combine feed for feeding animals, their distribution is carried out manually. Manure removal is done manually and mechanically.

Sheep farm - fenced with a steel mesh fence two meters high. The farm is free from infectious and parasitic diseases. Livestock buildings are mechanically cleaned and whitewashed. There are no animals on the farm, everything is pastured in the fields. From May to November, the sheep are in the steppes, feeding is carried out at the place of grazing, watering from artesian wells in equipped parking lots.

veterinary-sanitary and epizootological examination

"Smolenskoe" Smolensky

A commission consisting of doctors of the epizootologists of the Smolensk district veterinary station Torogaikin A.I., Novikov S.E., veterinarian of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Smolenskoye" Krutilin N.V., the presence of the head of the dairy farm Kondratenko N.I. and zooengineer of the farm Saveliev P.S. on the instructions of the chief veterinarian of the district Ivanov V.I. On March 5, 2006, she carried out a veterinary-sanitary and epizootic examination of the FSUE “Smolenskoye” dairy farm in order to determine the causes of the disease and death of calves at the age of 2-3 months.

As a result of the survey, it was found that on the day of the survey total strength FSUE "Smolenskoye" number of cattle is 1602 heads, including:

Heifers - 85 goals,

Dairy herd cows - 691 heads,

By stages of lactation: 1st 115 heads

2nd 240 goals

3rd 284 heads

4th and more - 52 heads

Young growth - 163 heads

Dairy calves - 27 heads

Young animals for growing and fattening - 636 goals.

Horses (workers) - 5 heads.

There is no pig stock on the farm.

In the personal sector of citizens there are 118 pigs, 67 sheep, 4 working horses, 24 cows, chickens, geese.

The livestock of FSUE "Smolenskoye" is located on 3 farms located at a distance of 3 - 4 km from each other. The central farm - 590 cows of the dairy herd specializes only in obtaining dairy products (the resulting calves are kept with cows for up to 21 - 30 days, then they go to another farm for rearing or fattening). The reproductive farm contains 186 cows and heifers, as well as 163 heads of replacement heifers. The third farm is intended for fattening young animals and culled cows. At the time of the survey, there were 636 heads on it.

The farm in the winter-stall period is provided with feed by 90%. For feeding cattle, the following are used: clover-timothy silage of the 2nd class, mixed grass haylage of the 1st class, fodder beet, timothy hay, winter straw, a mixture of concentrates (crushed grains of barley, oats). Feeding animals 2 times a day (morning and afternoon). Feed distribution is mechanized using a mobile feeder based on the MTZ - 80 tractor.

smell and taste at a temperature of 20 degrees C (point) - absent

color on the platinum-cobalt scale (deg) - 13

transparency in standard font (cm) - 34

turbidity (mg/l) - 0.9

active reaction (pH) - 6.8

total hardness (mg * eq, l) - 4

number of E. coli in 1 liter of water

coliindex) - 1

coli-titer (ml) - 450

dry residue value (mg/l) - 760

These data fully comply with the requirements of GOST.

Animal feed is stored in adapted warehouses. There is no contact of feed with pesticides, herbicides, harmful substances.

The productivity of cows in 2005 was 2930 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.8%. Gains of young replacement stock - 530 g, young stock for fattening - 500 g per day. The yield of calves is 84 heads per 100 cows, the safety of calves is 87%.

The parent herd is completed at the expense of its own reproduction on the farm. Replacement young come from the central farm and from the cows of the parent herd.

The fattening group of young animals is completed due to its own reproduction and the receipt of calves from neighboring farms. Last time calves came for fattening from a dairy farm in the village of Babinichi, Vitebsk region.

The veterinary and sanitary condition of the farm is generally good.

Cowsheds have a 4-row layout with 3 manure and 2 feed passages. Dimensions of the room - 21 m x 60 m. Cows are kept on a chain leash. Straw is used as bedding material, but the amount of bedding introduced does not always meet the required standards. Manure removal is mechanized by means of an annular scraper conveyor located in the manure tray behind each row of stalls. Cows exercise on a walking area without a hard surface.

Disadvantages are noted only on the fattening farm. In particular, the principle of filling the premises is in-line. During the production cycle, the herd is replenished with new calves, as a result of which the livestock is heterogeneous, of different ages, completed from several farms.

Animals are introduced into the herd without prior 30-day quarantine. The density of animals on the farm complies with zoohygienic standards. The microclimate in the premises is satisfactory, there are drafts, an excess of harmful gases, poor quality of the introduced straw bedding.

The farm area is not fenced. There is a sanitary checkpoint, but it long time unused and out of order. There are no disinfection barriers and disinfection mats at the entrance to the premises.

Farm workers are provided with bathrobes and rubber boots. The farm has a utility room with lockers for changing clothes. There are also wash basins, soap and towels.

The farm veterinarian is taking advanced training courses.

Veterinary services are provided by:

veterinary paramedic Kurylenko M.I., veterinarian of FSUE "Smolenskoye" Krutilin N.V. Diagnostic tests are carried out by the state

employees of the Smolensk RVS. Forced slaughter is carried out at the opening site near the biothermal pit. Animal corpses are disposed of in the Beccari pit, located 1 km away. from the farm. The pit is equipped with a double lid, locked with a padlock. The area around the pit is fenced and separated by an earthen moat. Deratting on the farm is carried out quarterly using zinc phosphide. Not used for feeding animals food waste. The main part of the fodder is harvested at the state farm. Concentrates (grain) are partly harvested at the state farm, partly come from farms that deliver calves for fattening.

Polysalts containing zinc, cobalt, copper, manganese, etc. are added to the diet to balance it in terms of the content of microelements. Growth stimulants are not used on the farm.

In general, the epizootic situation in the region is good. The farms are free from tuberculosis, leukemia, and brucellosis.

A low level of sanitary culture is noted at the Telyashi dairy farm, where in the summer of 2005 cases of cows with pasteurellosis were noted. The disease proceeded in a subacute form with a predominant lesion of the intestine. The diagnosis was confirmed on August 23, 2005 in the Smolensk regional laboratory. Restrictions were placed on the economy. According to the research results, vaccination was carried out only among dairy cows. The restrictions were lifted in December 2005, 2 weeks after the last sick animals were identified and vaccination and final disinfection were carried out. Young animals were not vaccinated.

In FSUE Smolenskoye itself, isolated cases of Pasteurellosis and trichophytosis are recorded among calves. The incidence of pasteurellosis did not exceed 20%, trichophytosis - about 30%. Fatal outcome with pasteurellosis was noted in 3 cases.

The source of the infection was pasteurell-bearing calves imported for fattening. As a result of the assistance provided and vaccination, the disease was cured.

The farm conducts treatments against trichophytosis, pasteurellosis, salmonellosis and colibacillosis. Pregnant cows are vaccinated against colibacillosis.

Calves are vaccinated against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and trichophytosis, usually in the winter-spring period after mass calving. Vaccines are delivered from the Vitebsk regional veterinary station.

Vaccination is carried out by representatives of the regional veterinary station, with the participation of a veterinarian and a paramedic of the farm.

Preventive disinfection is carried out twice a year before the animals are driven out to pasture and when they are placed in a stall, as well as after the end of each technological cycle and before a new filling of the premises. Forced disinfection is carried out as needed. For disinfection, caustic soda is used, whitewashing is carried out with freshly slaked lime.

A sanitary day is held once a month and includes cleaning and general cleaning of premises, adjacent territories, a clinical examination of the livestock, and a zoohygienic assessment of the usefulness of feeding.

Twice a year, a medical examination of the livestock is carried out and, at the same time, blood samples are taken for a biochemical analysis of the usefulness of feeding. When handing over milk, an analysis of its composition and fat content is carried out.

Diagnostic tests: - tuberculinization - January 21, 2006 - blood test for leukemia - February 25, 2006

Positively reacting animals were not found.

Veterinary documentation is maintained on the farm in full and regularly. There are registers for registering sick animals, registering preventive and anti-epizootic measures, as well as a register for the use and write-off of veterinary drugs.

The first signs of the disease in calves appeared on February 27, 2006. Since the discovery of the disease, 28 cases of the disease have been identified.

The disease manifested itself among fattening young animals at the age of 2-3 months.

Signs of the disease were detected in calves from one room. Sick animals were detected within 5 days (27.02 - 10 calves; 28.02 - 8 calves; 1.03 - 6 calves, 3.03 - 4 calves). The death of animals was noted on February 29 - 4 heads, on March 1 - 8 heads, on April 2 - 4 heads.

Clinically, the disease was manifested by a sharp deterioration in the general condition.

The mucous membranes are edematous, cyanotic, viscous mucus is released from the corners of the mouth. Breathing difficult, with hoarseness. In 4 calves, shortly before death, a sharp excitement was noted.

Pathological anatomically in the dead calves were noted:

subcutaneous tissue infiltration.

Hemorrhagic diathesis

Inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes

Inflammation and hemorrhages on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and in the intestines

Granular dystrophy of the liver, kidneys, myocardium

The spleen is slightly enlarged

The pathological material was sent to the district veterinary laboratory: pieces internal organs(liver, kidneys, spleen), tubular bone, intestinal segment with contents. The material was selected and sent on March 1 (4 samples) and March 2 (2 samples), 2006.

Microscopic examination of Gram-stained smears revealed gram-negative ovoid bacteria.

For identification, cultures were made on simple media with incubation for 24 hours. The bioassay was performed on mice on March 4, 2006.

The presumptive diagnosis is pasteurellosis.

(Subsequently, the diagnosis was confirmed on March 7, 2006 after the death of mice and the isolation of the pathogen P. multocida from their internal organs).

Calves brought from other farms at the beginning of 2006 may be a suspected source of infection, since vaccination in this farm was carried out only on cows of the dairy herd and calves could be carriers. Pasteurella could also get into farms with grain supplied by the above farm along with calves for fattening. The assumption is substantiated by the recent failure of the farm on pasteurellosis of cattle.

According to the positive results of microscopy, the clinical picture and the autopsy data from the moment the samples were sent on 2.03. 2006 The farm introduced restrictions on the import and export of milk and products, regrouping of animals, and conducting mass veterinary treatments. All manure is subject to biothermal disinfection. The corpses of dead calves are disposed of in the Beccari pit.

Explanatory work was carried out with the service personnel about the need to introduce restrictions and tighten sanitary requirements.

The presumptive diagnosis is pasteurellosis. A general clinical study of animals was carried out on all three farms of FSUE "Smolenskoye", and it was also recommended to conduct a study of animals on the farm from which supposedly infected calves were received.

Until March 6, it is planned to form groups of sick, suspicious and clinically healthy animals.

Provide further treatment symptomatically, and after confirming the diagnosis, conduct specific therapy depending on the isolated pathogen.

Conclusion: on the basis of the examination, clinical picture, pathoanatomical examination data and microscopy data of smears-imprints from the affected organs of animals that were not treated, it can be assumed that the cause of diseases and death of calves was their infection with pasteurellosis (edematous form).

Calves brought from other farms at the beginning of 2006 may be a suspected source of infection, since vaccination in this farm was carried out only on cows of the dairy herd and calves could be carriers. Pasteurella could also get into farms with grain supplied by the above farm along with calves for fattening.

Contributed to the disease violations of the sanitary condition of fattening calves, non-compliance with sanitary principles in the acquisition of livestock.

Offers:

The head of the farm, the veterinary service of the farm and the Smolensk region determine the final diagnosis and, in accordance with it, create a plan for the elimination of the disease on the farm.

As a consequence:

Ensure proper fencing of the farm and reopen the sanitation facility for vehicles and staff;

Restrict visits to the farm by unauthorized persons;

Timely carry out preventive and antiepizootic measures.

The act was drawn up in 3 copies and handed over to: the director of the farm Kupershtok G.Ya., the chief veterinarian of the district Ivanog V.I .. and the veterinarian of the farm

Krutilina N.V.

Signatures: _____________________________________

_____________________________________

“Agreed”: Approved by the executive committee

Chief Veterinary Smolensk District

doctor of the Smolensk district of the Council of Deputies

Protocol No. 74

Measures to eliminate pasteurellosis in calves in the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Smolenskoye" of the Smolensk region.

General information.

On the dairy farm on the day the plan was drawn up, there were: 1,600 cattle, including 750 cows, 41 dairy calves, 348 calves in rearing.

The diet of the dairy herd includes hay - 1 kg, silage - 15 kg, fodder beet - 5 kg, concentrates - 2 kg, mineral supplements. Calves of the milk period receive colostrum, on the 4th - 6th day - whole milk.

The sanitary condition of the farm is satisfactory, the zoohygienic parameters of the microclimate do not correspond (in the calf barn) to the norm.

epidemiological data.

The first signs of the disease in calves up to 10 days of age were noted at the end of February. The source of the pathogen was adult animals - carriers of pathogenic strains, as well as sick calves. The pathogen is excreted in faeces, urine, milk. The factors of transmission of the pathogen were care items, milk, attendants. Infection occurred through the alimentary route.

The first cases of the disease were registered on February 27 - 5 calves, on February 28 - 8 calves. Of the sick, 6 calves died.

There are 15 calves under 10 days of age that show no signs of disease.

The diagnosis was established on the basis of epizootological data, clinical signs, pathological changes, confirmed by bacteriological examination (examination No. 93 dated March 14, 2006).

Kirov region,

The commission consisting of the chief veterinarian E. A. Kapustina, the veterinary paramedic T. A. Belozerova, and the 5th year student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine I. A. Porubova conducted a veterinary and sanitary examination of the farm.

The purpose of the survey: to establish the effectiveness of preventive measures against colibacillosis of young cattle in the complex.

Kardakovskaya MTF is located in the village of Kardakovy, 90 km from the city of Kirov, 12 km from the town of Kotelnich, 7 km from Leninskaya Iskra. On this farm, out of 790 heads: 180 cows are under milking, 145 are in production, 60 are dry, 112 heifers, 198 calves are growing, 20 replacement young animals, 75 dispensary calves.

The farm is engaged in breeding black-motley breed of cows, meat and milk production. The herd of livestock is formed by raising their own calves.

The condition of the livestock buildings is good. They are presented in a typical brick version with reinforced concrete floors. Wooden floors and feeders. Ventilation supply and exhaust and natural. Lighting is sufficient natural and artificial.

The farm uses tethered content. The density of accommodation of animals corresponds to zoohygienic standards. Calves up to 10 days of age are kept on a leash, older ones are kept in cages by a group method of 5-6 heads. The cowshed has a maternity ward for 20 livestock places. After birth, calves are kept separately from adult cattle in a dispensary for 30 places.

Calves up to two months are on milk feeding with a small addition of roughage. The diet for the main nutrients is not quite balanced, there are not enough minerals.

The veterinary and sanitary condition of the complex is satisfactory, but there is no veterinary checkpoint on the territory. The manure is removed twice a day using a scraper conveyor and transported to a special site, but a manure storage facility needs to be built.

The farm does not have a biothermal pit, so the corpses are disposed of by removal and burial in a pit in the depths of the forest (4 km from the complex). Livestock is slaughtered in a special room.

Derat control in livestock buildings is carried out 2 times a year. To combat harmful rodents on March 14, 2010, bactocoumarin treatment was carried out.

The farm is free from infectious diseases. Every year, blood or serum of animals is tested for leukemia, brucellosis, leptospirosis in the regional veterinary laboratory. Feed samples are also examined there. In the farm, according to the calving plan, vaccination against colibacillosis is carried out at a dose of 5 ml subcutaneously.

For prophylactic purposes, cattle are vaccinated against anthrax, pasteurellosis, leptospirosis, rabies, emkar, OKZ, viral diarrhea, infectious rhinotracheitis, paragrappa-3, respiratory-sentimental infection.

Conclusion: the ongoing preventive measures are quite effective. The farm is free from colibacillosis. There have been no outbreaks of infectious diseases on the farm for several years.

Offers:

1. Build a veterinary checkpoint.

2. Equip disinfection barriers in front of the entrances to the complex.

3. Balance the diet for key nutrients.

4. Build a manure storage.

5. Introduce exercise of animals in the stall period.

6. Disinfect the premises once a quarter.

7. Do not allow stray dogs and cats to enter the territory of the farm, fight against zooanthroponic birds.

8. Conduct conversations with service personnel about feeding and keeping animals

Copy

For animal immunization

Kirov region,

Kotelnichsky district, village Kardakovy

22 cows were immunized against colibacillosis. Farms of SPK "Iskra" of Kardakovskaya MTF.

Immunization was carried out with the "Vaccination against colibacillosis, salmonellosis, Klebsiellosis and Proteus infection", series No. 1, state control No. 1, manufactured on 01.20010. LLC Agrovet Moscow, expiration date until 01.2011.

Dose and route of administration: subcutaneously at a dose of 5.0 ml in the area of ​​the middle third of the neck.

Spent vaccines - 110.0 ml.

The remains of the 90 ml vaccine are destroyed by boiling for 30 minutes.

Ch. Veterinarian E. A. Kapustina

Veterinary assistant Belozerova T. A.

5th year student of FVM Porubova I.A.

Copy

During deratization

Kirov region,

Kotelnichsky district, village Kardakovy

Commission composed of veterinarian Kapustina E. A., veterinary paramedic Belozerova T. A., 5th year student of FVM Porubova I.A.

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Task plan

Introduction

1. Act of veterinary-sanitary and epizootological examination of the farm.

Date of examination

Housekeeping data:

a) title

c) geographical location

d) the season of the year

e) meteorological conditions

Composition of the commission

Land area structure

Number of animals on the day of examination

Animal breed

a) fences

b) sanitary checkpoints

c) green areas

d) roads

Veterinary and sanitary condition of livestock buildings, the presence of walking yards, the use of mechanization

Feeding, care, maintenance

Availability of maternity wards, reproduction workshops, dispensaries, their equipment and facilities.

The method of rearing and feeding young animals

Water sources, water quality. Organization of watering in summer camps

a) organization and maintenance of preventive disinfection,

b) ways of storing and cleaning manure,

c) methods of destruction of the corpses of dead animals,

d) the presence of biothermal pits,

e) the presence of rodents and insects and how to deal with them,

f) other veterinary and sanitary measures.

Security of the economy with veterinary and zootechnical specialists, their qualifications.

2. General epizootological information

Completing the farm with breeding animals and replenishing the livestock (where and when the animals arrived, the presence of an insulator for newly arrived animals and a temporary department for patients, compliance with the rules of preventive quarantine, methods and types of specific research of newly arrived animals.

Where are the animals sent from this farm and their examination before sending.

Well-being of the given economy on infectious and parasitic diseases (on settlements). List the latest outbreaks of diseases according to the entry in the epizootic log and the epizootic map of the area, present them in the form of a schematic map with symbols (conventional signs presented in the appendix). For individual infectious diseases (according to the chosen topic), find out the nature of the manifestation of the epizootic process of a particular disease (how many fell ill, fell ill, were forced to be killed, recovered, etc.) by settlements (departments) included in the service area of ​​this farm.

Well-being for infectious diseases of neighboring farms (settlements), mark on a schematic map.

Economic - economic relations with other farms and their well-being in terms of infectious and parasitic diseases (importation of feed, animals, breeding eggs, etc.).

3. The plan of preventive anti-epizootic measures in the course work is filled in in full accordance with the plan developed in the farm or district for the current year. The column "actual implementation of the plan" may remain incomplete, since the year of the study (planning) has not expired.

Explanatory note to the plan

In this section, you need to describe in detail each event reflected in the plan of "anti-epizootic and veterinary - sanitary measures." It is necessary to indicate: the timing of ongoing or planned diagnostic studies, preventive immunization, treatments and deworming, which vaccines are used (name, series, doses, where they were made, treatment of the injection site and method of administration, how much was spent, what is done with the leftovers, etc. ) in this farm, what therapeutic and prophylactic drugs are used, etc.

Such planning of preventive anti-epizootic measures is carried out annually for the coming year, depending on the epizootic situation in the district, region as a whole and in each farm in particular.

It is customary to plan mass diagnostic studies for the following diseases: brucellosis, animal tuberculosis, paratuberculous enteritis, trichomoniasis, leukemia, vibriosis (campylobacteriosis), dignity and accidental disease of horses, pullorosis of birds, Aleutian mink disease. Bulls, cows, heifers at the start of the year, buffaloes, boars, main sows and breeding birds are subject to mandatory testing for tuberculosis. For brucellosis in bulls, crowns, buffaloes, heifers over a year old, rams - producers, ewes left without lambs, boars and main sows.

Research on SAP is planned once a year, covering the entire livestock.

For trichomoniasis, bulls of producers are examined quarterly, all newly arrived bulls and heifers of breeding age at least three times with an interval of 10 days.

For leukemia, all cows are examined by serological method once a year, bulls - producers are examined twice a year.

For paratuberculosis in cattle. Aleutian mink disease is investigated when the disease is suspected or in farms that are unfavorable for the disease.

Protective vaccinations are planned against: anthrax, leptospirosis, pasteurellosis, swine erysipelas, plague and Aujeszky's disease, emphysematous carbuncle and a number of other infectious diseases in farms that are unfavorable or threatened by these diseases.

In general, in order to correctly compose tires for preventive anti-epizootic measures, it is necessary to take into account the actual number of livestock at the beginning of the year and the expected offspring and its course, the general epizootic state of the economy and the area as a whole, the availability and required amount of biological and chemotherapeutic drugs.

Conclusion

It provides a detailed analysis of the ongoing anti-epizootic work and its compliance with all requirements of veterinary legislation.

Offers

If improvement is needed preventive work on the prevention of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, then specific proposals are made regarding the correction of the applied system of anti-epizootic measures.

List of used literature

Introduction

The basis of the socio-economic stability of society is food security, which can only be ensured by the agro-industrial complex, as the main supplier of food. Only with the availability of affordable and high-quality food will it be possible to improve the standard of living of citizens and the state of social satisfaction of the population Russian Federation. To meet the needs of the population in quality food, the industry Agriculture actively developing, entering into State programs. Receiving preferential loans from state banks, agricultural enterprises purchase new means of production, invest in the development of high-tech production methods using the latest developments of foreign and domestic manufacturers. The intensification of the livestock industry is based on the use of industrial technologies with the use of less and less human resources. From an economic point of view, milk production is the most profitable in comparison with other types of livestock products, therefore, the bulk of the agricultural enterprises of the region and the district are engaged in breeding and raising high-calorie high-milk cattle.

The farm Closed Joint Stock Company Niva (hereinafter CJSC NIVA) has been breeding cattle for over 70 years. From the heyday of agriculture in the USSR to our time, the economy has preserved and uses somewhat outdated fixed assets of production. In the last 2 years, according to the laws of market time, (to maintain competitiveness) the premises where livestock are kept are being reconstructed. The management of the enterprise has set a course for the intensification of milk production by transferring animals to a loose way of keeping, improving the food supply, followed by a reduction in the staff of service personnel due to the involvement in the production of computer technologies and new methods of conducting production activities.

The purpose of my thesis is to give complete description work veterinary service farms with a detailed analysis of ongoing preventive measures to combat infectious diseases previously encountered in CJSC Niva.

In conditions of intensive milk production, prevention plays a huge role. various diseases. If any pathology of an infectious or non-infectious nature occurs, the fight against an emerging disease can significantly affect the profits from production, and often even raise the question of a complete cessation of production with the total destruction of the entire livestock and the imposition of quarantine on the entire settlement. To prevent such terrible consequences, and they often occur during the development of mass infectious diseases in the economy, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures in a timely manner. CJSC "Niva" previously registered some infectious diseases, such as trichophytosis, leukemia, viral rhinotracheitis, escherichiosis, salmonellosis. AT given time with proper implementation of preventive measures and paying attention to these pathologies, it is possible to avoid mass and single cases of the appearance of diseases.

ATveterinary - sanitary and epizootological examination of the economy

From _____ _______________ 20 __

The farm of CJSC PZ "NIVA" Murom district, Vladimir region, village of Kovarditsy.

Geographically, it is located in the east of the Vladimir region in the district of the city of Murom, in close proximity to the city limits. By climatic conditions the territory of the economy belongs to the middle zone with risky farming. The average temperature during the cold period of the year is 10 - 15°C below zero. Average temperature limit in warm time year is 15 - 20 ° C above zero.

Composition of the commission:

Chief veterinarian of CJSC PZ "NIVA" Galkov A.V., chief livestock specialist Kurakina A.L., foreman of the MTF Shilova N.V., student - trainee of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy Trofimov A.A.

Land area structure

Table No. 1

Indicator
Total land area (ha)
including farmland
Of which: arable land
hayfields
pastures
Ponds and reservoirs

For a long period of time, the ratio of agricultural land of CJSC PZ "NIVA" does not change due to the very intensive use of all available land within the boundaries of the enterprise. At the end of 2006, the territory of the farm, as can be seen from Table No. 1, was 2018 hectares. Of these, 81% is agricultural land. As can be seen from the table, the size of cultivated and perennial pastures is 337 hectares, which is quite enough for grazing 500 or more heads of cattle. At the beginning of 2006, for faster delivery of green mass from the field in a natural ravine, an embankment of soil was made and at the same time reinforced concrete structures to drain flood water. As a result, a reservoir was formed into which fish (carp fry) was launched in the spring. At the moment, this branch of agriculture is not declared in the registration documents, but the products have already been sold within this farm.

Number of animals on the day of examination

Table number 2

Animal breed

The herd is 90% improved by the Holstein breed. It has a milky type, lightweight skeleton. The herd has a great genetic potential. This is the result of the fact that the herd uses the semen of highly productive bulls, with the productivity of mothers over 7000 kg of milk. According to the linear affiliation, the whole herd is divided into 4 lines. The largest share in the herd is occupied by the line "Vis Aidial" - 139 goals, Montvik Chieftain - 336 goals.

Layout of livestock buildings

5. Paved roads

10. Water tower

15. Walking yards

18. Grain store, mill

19. Hay storage

21. Weight

22. Biothermal pit.

The complex of livestock buildings is located at a distance of 600 meters from the village of Lopatino on the leeward side. The territory is not fenced. On the eastern side of the complex, on the border between the village and the site of the complex, there is an asphalt road. On the side of the road, from the side of the complex, a drainage ditch was laid, up to 4 meters deep. From the southern and western sides, cultivated fields come close to the livestock buildings. On the northern side, at a distance of 200 - 300 meters, there is a non-electrified railway track of the regional destination Murom - Selivanovo - Kovrov. Between production facilities and green spaces, along railway, there are natural pastures, through which in the summer time cattle are driven to the fields located at an average distance of 1-3 km from the complex. There are no green spaces directly on the territory of the complex. Hard-surfaced roads (reinforced concrete slabs 6x2) are laid between the buildings of the complex.

Veterinary and sanitary condition of livestock facilities

Since the groundwater in this place is very close to the soil surface, the foundations of some premises gave an unplanned settlement, which in turn led to a violation of the strength and performance of almost all structures of livestock buildings. Although at first glance it does not look so scary and it is still possible to operate these premises, but in the future, without capital investments in repairs, the work of the livestock complex may be seriously disrupted.

The ventilation of the premises is carried out by the supply and exhaust method, the inflow of fresh air through the frames - transoms, the exit of gases and heated air through the exhaust shafts in the ceiling. At this time, due to the failure of all frames - the transoms, the windows are hermetically sealed with plastic wrap and the influx of fresh air is not possible. For this reason, there is an excess of harmful gases (ammonia, carbon dioxide) in the room, which negatively affects the health of animals.

Installed in the premises linear systems milking facilities adapted for tie-down cows. The milk is collected and cooled in a 5 ton milk tank. Manure removal is carried out by a scraper conveyor into a tractor trailer and taken to an open landfill for its further biothermal disinfection.

In the last 2 years, the management of the enterprise has been processing and implementing plans for the complete reconstruction of the entire production complex. It is planned to transfer the entire livestock to free-range housing, build another yard for 520 heads of dairy herds and radically revise the methods of harvesting and storing feed to ensure a higher level of health and therefore increase the productivity of dairy cows.

Feeding, care, maintenance

Feed is distributed from a 5 m 3 vertical feed mixer of the Kirov Mechanical Plant. In the silo trenches, silage is loaded into the feed mixer, and crushed grain is loaded into the grain forage warehouse, and after stirring it is distributed to the cows. Roughage is distributed by hand. The inability to mix hay with silage is due to a different hay harvesting technology. For better mixing, hay should be either in loose, finely chopped form, or in bales of 16 kg or more.

The addition of concentrates to the diet is carried out manually. Loose mixed fodder is brought to the complex every day, then it is distributed among the yards and loaded into carts. After the distribution of silage, the service personnel scatters feed on the feed table, depending on productivity, approximately dosing the dacha per head.

A person is assigned to each group of animals. At the dairy herd, groups of 50 - 65 animals of different age composition are served in two shifts. Animal housing system: tethered - stall, stall area for one animal is 2.3 square meters. meters. The leash is chain. The length of the short part of the chain is 0.5 meters, and the long one is 1.5 meters.

Presence of a maternity wardth, reproduction shops, dispensaries, their equipment and equipment

Since 1995, artificial insemination has been introduced on the farm. Currently, one qualified artificial insemination technician works at the production complex. In each yard, he has his own office where everything necessary for artificial insemination is installed.

Calving on the farm takes place in conditions that clearly do not meet the rules and regulations for the organization of breeding and keeping animals in the late stages of pregnancy (pregnancy). When starting, the cows are transferred to a separate group, which is kept in the same room as the lactating animals. The only thing that distinguishes dry cows from lactating cows is the diet. At the hotel, the cow is transferred to the milking group and there she is given milk and receives other feeds. Calves from calving cows during the colostrum are kept in individual wooden cages. The cages are located either on the central manure passage (on the 4th yard), or in an adapted room at the end of the building (on the 3rd yard). After 5 days, the calves are transferred to a calf barn (yard 5) for loose housing. They are kept there until the age of 8 months and upon reaching this age they are transferred to the 2nd yard, and so on. As such, the farm is not currently equipped with a dispensary.

The method of rearing and feeding young animals

Previously, calves at the age of five days were placed in a wooden annex to the 5th yard, where calves - milkmen were kept warm and dry on abundant bedding (electric heating was equipped there) in cages of 5 - 6 heads. Now, when calves are transferred here, they end up in a completely frozen room, where at a temperature of - 5 - 10 ° C, the humidity is more than 80%, which has an extremely negative effect on the unadapted body of a newborn calf and is expressed in various respiratory and respiratory disorders. digestive system. This situation has developed due to the lack of funds for electric heating of the dispensary. When transferring young animals to a calf house, they are taught to feed them with canned milk twice a day. The milk obtained by calves is heated and fermented with formic acid with acidophilic starter. At the same time, beneficial bacteria are actively propagated in milk, which, getting into the gastrointestinal tract, block the reproduction of pathogenic microflora, thereby preventing the development of various digestive disorders.

At the moment, the farm is undergoing an experiment on the transfer of dairy calves to feeding with a whole milk replacer (WMS). The research is carried out with the participation and methodological support of the Moscow company Mustang Ingredients. According to this campaign, feeding young animals of the dairy period with milk replacer allows you to get the same weight gain as when fed with conventional feed, but due to savings on milk, and in the future, better adaptation of calves to the assimilation of roughage, receive much greater economic benefits.

Water sources, water quality. Organization of watering in summer camps

The complex is supplied with water from its own artesian well. The water supply was completely replaced in 2003 with new, more modern communications (polypropylene pipe). Water quality complies with GOST "Drinking water"

In the pasture, in the summer, watering is carried out from a common drinking bowl, which is periodically filled with water. It is installed in the paddock where the cattle goes after milking. Water also comes from an artesian well.

Preventive actions

a) Organization and maintenance of preventive disinfection

Disinfection on the farm is carried out once a year for 2 - 1.5 months before the transfer of livestock to stall keeping. Disinfection is carried out after mechanical cleaning of industrial premises from contamination using a DUK vehicle. Immediately before the event, the veterinarian of the farm purchases caustic soda in the amount necessary for the preparation of working solutions. The disinfection unit is rented from a neighboring farm and, upon arrival at the complex, it is disinfected. At the end of the events, an order and an Act for preventive disinfection are drawn up, according to which at the end of the month wage the person who performed the processing. Usually the treatment is carried out by the veterinarian himself, but sometimes a specially instructed person does this. There is no monitoring of the disinfection carried out.

b) Methods of storing and cleaning manure

At the Niva CJSC complex, manure removal is mechanized and carried out daily with the help of manure conveyors. Two types of conveyors are installed in the premises where animals are kept - screw and scraper. In the longitudinal section, the manure is raked manually into the channel through which, with the help of a scraper conveyor, it is raked into the transverse channel, the accumulator in which the screw conveyor is installed. In turn, he pushes the manure to the cesspool (ejection) scraper conveyor. With the help of an ejection conveyor, manure is loaded into tractor carts and transported to a manure storage site. The landfill is located in a field, 800 meters from the production complex. Manure is stored here until spring, after which it is transported through the fields and fertilized with it.

c) Methods of destruction of the corpses of dead animals

When conducting the prevention of infectious diseases in CJSC Niva, the death of animals has become very rare. When there is a threat of a case, a sick animal is slaughtered at a meat processing plant with a preliminary examination of the animal by veterinarians of the regional animal disease control station (hereinafter referred to as SBBZH) and a veterinary certificate of form No. 4 is issued. Often, in emergency cases, one has to face the need to slaughter directly on the territory of the ITF, therefore, the raw meat and slaughter products obtained after slaughter cannot be sold outside the farm due to their “illegal” origin. In this case, and in the presence of dead animals and when animals are slaughtered in an agonal state on the territory of the MTF, with the oral order of the management of the enterprise and with the oral consent of the veterinary service, meat and skin products are sold without issuing accompanying documentation. These facts of the sale of such products remain undocumented and therefore the district veterinary supervisory authorities remain in the dark.

According to the laws of market time, the presence of demand gives rise to supply. People who buy such products do not think about its origin and the reason for its sale without documents. They buy such meat and use it to feed dogs or for other needs that they do not think are directly related to their personal health.

d) The presence of biothermal pits

There is one pit on the territory of the MTF CJSC Niva, which cannot be considered a properly equipped biothermal pit. The location of the pit at a distance of 120 m from livestock buildings is prohibited. Secondly, the construction of a pit in areas where the groundwater level is above 2 x. meters is unacceptable. The pit should have brick or concrete walls and not let water through. Above the pit, a double tightly closed, certain size, lid with a lock should be arranged. Around the pit, it is necessary to equip a drainage ditch and a snow-retaining shaft. The territory should be fenced with a dense 2-meter fence with gates having constipation. The management of the enterprise did not take this into account and equipped a pit in a very damp place from an iron barrel with a capacity of 8 m 3. It was buried vertically in the ground and a platform was laid at ground level for the arrival of a car with a non-locking and loosely covered hatch (from the KZS installation, for drying grain). Such a pit cannot be used for the disposal of corpses and other biological waste, but the farm sometimes discharges into the pit various waste left over from slaughtered animals.

e) The presence of rodents and insects and how to deal with them

On the basis of the order of the regional leadership, rodent control is carried out at the MTF complex of CJSC Niva. In the habitats of rodents (compound feed warehouse, milk block), poisonous baits are laid out, which are subsequently controlled for palatability, the found corpses of rodents are dumped into a biothermal pit. Also, quarterly general cleaning with the use of disinfectants is carried out at the milk block and in the washing rooms.

Provision of the economy with veterinary and zootechnical specialists, their qualifications

Galkov A.V. works in CJSC Niva in the full-time position of chief veterinarian. A graduate of the Vladimir Agricultural College in 1989, work experience in CJSC NIVA is 1.5 years. The orderly's rate is occupied by G. I. Antonova with an incomplete secondary special education veterinary paramedic by profession 1971, work experience 7 years. Kurakina A. L. works as a livestock specialist. A graduate of the Ivanovo Agricultural Institute in 1973, work experience is 18 years.

2. General epizootological information

Acquisition of the farm with breeding animals and replenishment of the livestock

Replenishment of the livestock of animals is carried out in an on-farm way, by extending the period of use of animals. Replacement heifers entering the productive herd are grown at the MTF of CJSC Niva in the second yard. Upon reaching a certain age (3 months of pregnancy), they are transferred to groups with dairy animals and are assigned to an individual worker.

Saleand presaleanimal examination

The farm sells young cattle at least once a month. Calves - bulls are bought by farms engaged in fattening cattle. Before sale, immediately before loading, temperature and general inspection of the animals sold is carried out. Transportation of live animals is carried out mainly in covered vans of the Gazelle car. For transported animals, a consignment note and a veterinary certificate and a certificate of form 1 and 4 are issued, depending on where the animals are sent. Registration of accompanying documentation is carried out through the department of veterinary sanitary examination district SBBZh of the city of Murom, the number of the issued certificate or certificate is recorded in the journal of outgoing documents of the department.

Well-being of this farm in terms of infectious and parasitic diseases

At this time, the economy is safe in terms of infectious diseases, but unfavorable in terms of invasive ones. On the farm, there are isolated cases of fascioliasis (Fasciola Hepatica) and larval echinoccosis (Echinococcus larvae) caused by the adult stage of carnivores (Echinococcus granulosus) living in the intestines. Prevention is not being carried out yet, but in the near future a plan for the elimination and prevention of these diseases specifically for this farm will be developed, taking into account all the features of this area.

The farm conducts prevention of such infectious diseases as anthrax, escherichiosis, viral infectious rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial, rota- and coronavirus diseases of calves, leptospirosis, trichophytosis, salmonellosis, leukemia, tuberculosis.

The last case of leukemia was registered in CJSC "Niva" in 1995, isolated cases of diseases in young animals intestinal infections(salmonellosis, viral diarrhea) are recorded very rarely, the last one was registered in 2004.

At the beginning of 2006, a high mortality of young animals with signs of gastrointestinal disorders was noted on the farm. After laboratory tests, a diagnosis of escherichiosis was made. Vaccination of dry cows against escherichiosis was started, which gave good results and the safety of young animals increased.

The last case of animal disease with infectious rhinotracheitis was registered on the farm in 2003, when the farm had a very high percentage of aborting cows in the first half of pregnancy. In the aborted fetuses sent to the laboratory, the causative agent of infectious rhinotracheitis was identified, and a plan was developed to eliminate and prevent the disease for the entire region. At present, annual preventive immunization of cattle against this disease is being carried out.

Well-being for infectious diseases of neighboring farms (settlements)

The farm is in contact with other farms and the city limits. From the north, SPK Plodovy, PE Bakrina, which are currently only engaged in crop production, adjoin the territory of the farm, from the east, the city of Murom adjoins the territory of the farm with its production areas, from the south, the farm borders the territory with SPK Kolos and the holding company "Association" , on the western side, the fields of OAO PZ Zimenki adjoin the territory of the farm.

Of the farms listed above, leukemia is registered in the SPK "Kolos" and in the holding company "Association", in addition, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis is registered in the "Association". OAO PZ "Zimenki" is safe in terms of infectious diseases.

Economic and economic relations with other farms and their well-being in terms of infectious and parasitic diseases

The farm is engaged in the sale of young animals to enterprises that are engaged in the cultivation and fattening of cattle for meat. For exported cattle, a veterinary certificate of form No. 1 or a veterinary certificate of form No. 4 is always issued if the cattle is not exported outside the Murom region.

If, for some reason, the farm needs to purchase feed, then the farm first receives documents confirming the quality of the feed, and then, by the farm or using equipment from other enterprises, feed is delivered to the warehouses of CJSC Niva. Imported feed comes from zones and areas free from infectious diseases, which is confirmed in the incoming documents. Most often, the farm purchases combined feed and mineral supplements produced at feed mills.

3. Plan of anti-epizootic and veterinary - preventive measures for 2007 for CJSC "Niva"with. Kovarditsa, Murom district, Vladimir region

Table #3

Event types

The total number of animals to be processed, researched.

including quarters.

The cost of processing one head (rub.)

total cost

Implementation of the plan by quarters

1. Diagnostic tests of cattle for:

Brucellosis

Tuberculosis

2. Prophylactic immunization of cattle against:

anthrax

Leptospirosis

pasteurellosis

Infectious rhinotracheitis

3. Therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of cattle against:

Hypodermic gadfly

4. Deworming of cattle against:

fascioliasis

Explanatory note to the plan and veterinary - preventive measures for 2007

1. Diagnostic studies:

Conducted on the farm for diseases such as leukemia, brucellosis, tuberculosis. According to the plan of anti-epizootic and veterinary - preventive measures drawn up in the district station for the fight against animal diseases, the veterinary service receives an order to carry out the event in advance certain deadlines its implementation. To take blood for testing for leukemia, brucellosis, 3 working days are allotted. Often Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday. Every day, as blood is taken, the samples taken are delivered to the inter-district laboratory. Documents are drawn up for the ongoing research to pay for the research. Upon delivery of the selected samples, accompanying documents are issued for them. Description and accompanying. The inventory lists the serial numbers of test tubes in racks and the corresponding number of the cow. In the accompanying note, they indicate where they are sending, what they are sending, how many samples and what to investigate. The doctor who sent the samples is signed and the seal of the veterinary service of the farm is affixed.

Allergic testing of livestock for tuberculosis is carried out under the control and with the direct participation of veterinary specialists of the district animal disease control station. For the study, PPD tuberculin for mammals and birds produced by the Kursk biofactory of the Biok company, series 7 control 7, manufactured on May 18, 2006, expiration date 3 years, is used. The doctors of the veterinary station, having received a diagnosticum from the region in advance (1-2 weeks in advance), having warned them, come to the farm and carry out mass intradermal injections of tuberculin. The field of introduction is prepared in advance by a veterinary orderly (shaved). During the event, the injection field is wiped before the introduction of tuberculin, the skin is treated with a 70% solution of ethyl alcohol. When holding an event, the day of the week is taken into account and the day of the event is assigned so that the day of the reaction reading does not fall on the weekend. After reading the reaction, the doctors of the SBBZh give a conclusion about the immune state of the livestock.

According to the action plan, the farm is obliged to test the blood from animals for leukemia 2 times a year for brucellosis 1 time per year. To carry out tuberculosis 2 times a year.

2. Preventive immunizations:

It is carried out for such diseases as anthrax, leptospirosis, pasteurellosis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

Immunization of livestock against anthrax is a mandatory measure in the system of prevention of especially dangerous anthropogenic infections. The event is held once a year for milking livestock and quarterly as animals arrive from the age of 1 year. The vaccine is purchased at the expense of the federal budget and is issued responsible person farm (veterinarian) for the event. A live vaccine from the 55-VNIIVViM strain against animal anthrax is usually used. After the vaccination, the veterinary specialist of the enterprise submits the data on the event to the regional SBBZH.

The farm vaccinates lactating cows against leptospirosis. The event is held once a year during the summer pasture period.

The farm also conducts ongoing prevention of paratyphoid (salmonellosis) disease in young animals. To do this, all calves aged 8-10 days are vaccinated with the vaccine. Vaccination of pregnant - dry cows against this disease is not carried out.

The danger of livestock disease with infectious rhinotracheitis (abortions of pregnant cows, respiratory diseases of young animals) that has arisen in the region forces the enterprise to carry out preventive immunization. Young animals aged 20-30 days as they arrive and all cows are vaccinated twice a year with a vaccine against infectious rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, and rota- and coronavirus infection of cattle "Kombovak". The event is held during the pasture and winter stall period.

3. Therapeutic and preventive treatments against the subcutaneous gadfly held in the winter-stall period for all livestock over half a year old. The treatment is carried out with an injectable Hypodectin. The drug is purchased in advance before the event. It is injected subcutaneously in the lower third of the neck at a dose of 3 ml. adult animals, young animals weighing up to 150 kg. at a dose of 2 ml.

Conclusion

Preventive measures carried out in the farm are aimed at preventing the occurrence of infectious and parasitic diseases. Over the past 5 years, the farm has not recorded a single disease for which preventive measures are being taken. When there is a threat of occurrence of any disease in the economy, measures are taken to prevent its occurrence. Every 6 months, all livestock over 3 years old are examined for brucellosis leukemia. The event is carried out as a rule by the veterinary service of the farm, without the involvement of the employees of the district SBBZH. Thanks to the ongoing work, for 8 years now, hematologically sick animals have not been registered on the farm.

Also, for the prevention of diseases of young animals with salmonellosis, a general vaccination of calves at the age of 8-10 days is carried out. Thanks to this, the farm manages to avoid an excessively high percentage of culling of young animals due to their salmonellosis. In the last half of the year, the farm has been preventing the disease of calves with escherichiosis. This further increased the percentage of survival of the young in the first month after birth.

Applicationse

Plan of buildings and structures of the farm CJSC "NIVA"

Layout of livestock buildings

1. Walking yards of the second and third yards (without hard surface)

2. Second yard, loose housing after reconstruction (replacement young stock, heifers of breeding age)

3. Walking yard of the third yard (with hard surface)

4. Third yard, tethered housing (dairy and dry cows)

5. Paved roads

6. Fourth yard, tethered housing (dairy and dry cows)

7. Milk block, veterinarian's office, personnel change houses, mechanical.

8. Hard ground

9. Kitchen for preparing milk for feeding calves - milkmen.

10. Water tower

11. Sanitary checkpoint (not functioning.)

12. Summer milking area

13. Pen for the herd in the warm season, without a hard surface

14. Slaughter site (not registered)

15. Walking yards

16. Sixth yard, under reconstruction

17. Fifth yard, young calves milkmen.

18. Grain store, mill

19. Hay storage

20. Storage for straw, in the future box for equipment

21. Weight

22. Biothermal pit.

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