What language do they speak Cuba. What language is spoken in Cuba? Official language. What is the Cuban people like?
As one of the last strongholds of communism on the planet, the country is of constant interest. While the rest of the world is living in the fast pace of the digital age, Cuba is slowly going its own way, with only a minority having access to the Internet. Dinosaurs of the automotive world, mended and repainted American cars from the 1940s and 1950s, clumsily slink along the dimly lit city streets. In rural areas, ox-carts, omnibuses, Chinese bicycles and cycle rickshaws take the place of automobiles. The dwellings are furnished with furniture antiques inherited from the ancestors, and are lit with energy-saving light bulbs that allow you to save money.
Cuba is inseparable from international politics second half of the XX century. At the age of six, children become young pioneers- the builders of communism. Across the country, giant posters contain incantations from the country's leadership, such as "Socialismo o Muerte" ("Socialism or death") and "Viva la Revolution" ("Long live the revolution"). Portraits of Che Guevara, the revolutionary martyr of the 1960s, can be found everywhere on the walls of shops, institutions and residential buildings.
Under harsh communist rule, the country has always been bursting at the seams. Its economic condition is directly dependent on the global situation, and the situation is further aggravated by the US trade embargo and the damage caused by hurricanes. Many families continue to live in cramped conditions in dilapidated housing, the monthly income of many Cubans in terms of less than 25 US dollars.
The obvious weakness of the Cuban economy and the deprivation of the Cuban people cannot be overlooked. In addition, there is no real freedom of speech, press and movement outside the country on the island, although there are some indulgences under Raul Castro. However, there is not that glaring poverty here, which is striking, say, in Bangladesh, India, Latin American countries. Housing is provided by the state, and you hardly see homeless people sleeping on the streets anywhere in Cuba, and although Cubans do not get all the food they need on coupon books, no one is really starving. All residents of the country have the right to free health care and education. Life expectancy has increased from 57 years in 1958 to 77.7 years in 2011. This is the 57th indicator in the world. The infant mortality rate in Cuba is lower than in the United States and the European Union.
Dilapidation, poverty and restrictions only emphasize the unbending spirit of the Cuban people. These people are characterized by remarkable stamina, patience and love of life, which, it seems, cannot be undermined by any economic hardships. Cubans are extremely friendly and hospitable and always willingly invite guests of the island to their modest homes. Energetic schoolchildren, all in the same uniform, are everywhere: rushing through the streets, playing a stickball game in the yard, riding homemade skateboards, flying kites.
Cuba today
Modern Cuba is slowly but surely beginning to make concessions to certain capitalist benefits, which seemed completely unthinkable under Fidel. Moreover, here they are no longer so aggressive towards their eternal enemy - the United States. A few years ago, in order to somehow strengthen the shaky state economy, Cuba tried to develop tourism, which seriously changed its appearance.
The number of people wishing to visit the poor but proud island of socialism is only growing every year, which, of course, affects state reforms. Gradually, the country is acquiring the notorious "elements sweet life”, contrasting with the picturesque ruins that have been preserved since the time of the revolution. So, for example, the ban on the import of foreign cars into the country was recently lifted, thanks to which you can now see quite modern taxis at the Havana airport. Coast of Cuba last years actively built up by fashionable hotel complexes and spa hotels. And even though the level of service in most of these establishments still gives off a “Soviet flavor”, rest here can be called quite civilized and comfortable.
Paradise Island
For many arriving on the island for the first time, Cuba is striking in its dissimilarity to the rest of the Caribbean. The best Cuban poet Nicolas Guillén compared the island to "a long green alligator". What is long, that's for sure - the distance from the "nose" to the "tail" is 1250 km. Comparable in area to England, Cuba is divided into 14 provinces and has about 450 islands and islets called "cayos", which means "reefs" and "keys".
Given its size, it would take at least a month to get to know the whole country. Most begin in the capital, Havana, and then travel to the famous tobacco plantations to the west, after which they visit the sugar cane valleys and the most beautiful colonial cities in the central part of the island. The easternmost region, called Oriente, is known for its high mountains and the second largest and first musical city.
Along the truly Caribbean beaches, mainly the northern coast, a lot of resort hotels have grown. Although many organized tourists still stay closer to the sea, each region of the island has its own charming towns that make people take trips inland.
Cuba's white-sand beaches are delightful, and the long stretches of Varadero coastline in the north are best known. Other beach tourism centers include Guardalavaca, Playa Esmeralda and Coco and Largo Islands. Sailing enthusiasts pay tribute to countless natural harbors, anglers hunt for marlin off the coast, divers explore coral reefs and shipwrecks.
Most tourists prefer a full-service holiday, but the variety of Cuba's attractions also attracts a large number of independent travelers who find a lot of interesting things besides the sea and beaches. At the eastern end of the island rises its highest mountain range, the Sierra Maestro (until 1974 m), the birthplace of many uprisings; in the west, in the province of Pinar del Rio, the green valley of Viña Forest stretches with huge mogotes, steep hills up to 400 m high made of limestone; in the central part of the island are the lush mountains of the Sierra del Escambray and the old sugarcane plantations of the De los Ingenios Valley.
But there are also large and small cities. Havana combines beautiful Spanish colonial architecture with vibrant street life and a range of cultural events and attractions; Trinidad, a shining pearl of the colonial era, draws in beautiful apartment buildings, churches and other buildings on winding cobbled streets; - a colorful cocktail that has absorbed elements of Spanish, French and African cultures.
Climate
Cuba belongs to the zone of tropical trade wind climate. As for the seasons, only two weather seasons can be distinguished in this part of the Caribbean: dry (October to April) and rainy, accompanied by quite strong hurricanes (May to September).
Cold is a concept that no Cuban is familiar with. Even in January, the temperature on the island rarely drops below +22 °C. The apotheosis of the heat falls on August, when the thermometer freezes at +28 ° C in the shade. An added bonus goes to ocean winds and tropical stuffiness high humidity air, which often overshadows the first days of travel. But you should not worry about a specific reason: it usually takes no more than a couple of days to get used to the local climatic realities.
Main tourist destinations
What Cuba is really conducive to is a lazy beach holiday: in fact, the entire coastline of the main island is a continuous Bounty beach with starch-white sand and azure shallow waters. If your plans are not only regal reclining on a deck chair and getting a chocolate tan, try to stay longer in the main city of Cuba - Havana. Firstly, you still do not deprive yourself of a pleasant beach relaxation, because the city has snatched off a 20-kilometer piece of the sea coast, equipping it in accordance with the tastes of tourists. And secondly, you can fully enjoy the old architecture that the Cuban capital is famous for.
It is worth stopping by to plunge into the typical Caribbean flavor, gain impressions from exploring the historical part of the city (after all, it was from here that the Spanish colonization of the island began) and dance to the incendiary melodies of street musicians. The cradle of the Cuban revolution, Santa Clara, is mostly visited by those who are constantly haunted by the romanticized image of the ex-commandant Che Guevara. For your information, the remains of the Argentine rebel to this day rest in the local mausoleum. The cigar capital of Cuba, Pinar del Rio, is ready to offer its guests not only excursions to tobacco plantations, but also walks through the most picturesque valleys surrounding the city. You can rewind time and return to the colonial era in Trinidad. Some of the local mansions built by the "sugar kings" are even included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Of all the islands of the Cuban archipelago, Cayo Largo, Cayo Caco and Cayo Guillermo are recognized as the most tourist-oriented. The first piece of land is notable for its coral reef and iguanas roaming freely along the coast. There is practically no local population on Cayo Largo, but there are plenty of hotels and bars with visiting staff, as well as clean municipal beaches. It is best to escape from the blues and relieve stress on Cayo Coco. The main feature of the island is a cave disco organized for tourists on Tuesdays. From Cayo Coco, you can cross the sandy dam to the neighboring island - Cayo Guillermo, whose main attraction is the pink flamingos living here. It’s a paradox, but the Cubans themselves are really not allowed here, unless they work in one of the island hotels, so only overseas guests can enjoy fantastic sunsets and all the benefits of the all inclusive system on Cayo Guillermo.
Attractions and entertainment in Cuba
The main historical sights of Cuba are concentrated in Havana and several other large cities. In the capital, first of all, it is worth paying attention to the Old Havana area with its Cathedral of St. Christopher, Prado Boulevard and the Colon Cemetery, dotted with pretentious marble monuments. Contemplation of the Havana Capitol (a recognizable copy of the Washington one) will also give a pleasant experience. It is also interesting to wander around the old city squares, bordered by old colonial-style mansions. Plaza de Armas, Plaza Vieja, Plaza de la Catedral, Plaza de San Francisco - all these paved spots are included in the mandatory minimum tourist program.
The tiny town of Remedios is well worth a visit for its Carnival Museum, the Alejandro Garcia Cuturla Music Museum, and the Church of St. John the Baptist. People go to Pinar del Rio to see the Guash Palace, go to a performance at the Milanes Theater and watch the production process of real Cuban cigars at the Francisco Donatien tobacco factory. In Matanzas, Vigia Square, San Severino Castle and Montserrat Chapel are considered must-sees.
Cuba is not Cuba without a mention of old Hemingway. Here the writer is loved, honored, but not missing the opportunity to earn a little on his fame. If you are also not indifferent to the work of old Ham, look at the Finca Vigia estate in the vicinity of San Francisco de Paula (Havana district), to which the genius gave 20 years of his life.
For ecotourists in a country with 14 national parks and more than two dozen biosphere reserves almost limitless possibilities. The most famous and most visited protected natural areas are the Bacanao, Desembarco del Granma, Sierra del Rosario and Topes de Collantes parks.
It is difficult to ignore the Cuban resorts, the most major of which is Holguin. Rest here, though expensive, but fun and prestigious. In addition, the most beautiful beach in the country, Playa Esmeralda, is assigned to the resort. Cheaper and less pretentious Varadero has made a reputation for being active nightlife. The regulars of this paradise are party fans, sex tourists and just lovers of all-inclusive relaxation. Well, travelers who do not belong to any of the above categories can be advised to look into Varadero for an excursion to the Jose Smith sugar factory, where the production of the rum legend, Havana Club, was first launched.
All sights of Cuba
Divers in Cuba live freely without exaggeration. If you wish, you can go in search of underwater adventures directly from the beaches of Havana, Varadero and Santiago de Cuba. The transparency of sea water is high almost everywhere, and the bottom is replete with coral thickets and interesting finds. But it is better, of course, to choose less crowded places, tested by experts. These include the islands of Cayo Coco, Cayo Largo, Juventud and Jardines del Rey. You can also chase exotic fish near the coral reef in the province of Cienfuegos.
There is no shortage of experienced instructors on Liberty Island, but most of them speak only Spanish and a little less English. Russian-speaking diving gurus are found only in Varadero and Jardines del Rey. It is also possible to get training in primary diving skills in Cuba, but it is unlikely that you will be able to acquire a certificate of a more advanced level (PADI).
It is not necessary to bring diving equipment with you. Almost all Cuban diving centers have their own material and technical base: sometimes thoroughly shabby, but quite functional. On average, dive rates range from 30 (daylight hours) to 40 (at night) CUC.
Holidays to celebrate with Cubans
Communist holidays are still in trend on Liberty Island. Here, the First of May and the Day of the Cuban Revolution (January 2) are still celebrated with great pomp. On July 26, a wave of parades and demonstrations in honor of the Day of the National Uprising covers the country. On October 10, all Cuban patriots do not go to work, but gather at the monument to Carlos Manuel Cespedes to lay flowers and express their deep gratitude to the “father of the motherland”.
Despite the fact that the vast majority of local residents are zealous Catholics, Christmas in Cuba is celebrated quietly, modestly and without traditional gifts. But on New Year in large cities unimaginable festive chaos reigns, accompanied by intoxicating parties and concerts.
Features of the national mentality
The indigenous population of Cuba lives mostly in poverty, but carefree and cheerful. All these tales about dancing in the middle of the street, amazing talkativeness of locals, prehistoric Cadillacs and Buicks, carefully inherited, as well as generous compliments towards white European women have a very real basis. The average Cuban behaves like a typical careless dreamer who dreams all his life about how one day he will get rich, but at the same time he will not agree to leave his usual comfort zone for any treasure. But there is a sacred meaning in such a way of life: to strain yourself in a country where there is a general leveling and revolutions break out from time to time, it is more expensive for yourself. Although scolding their regime in front of the Cubans is a kind of mauvais ton. Despite the fact that local residents have a meager salary, receive food stamps and pay exorbitant prices for white sugar, which they themselves produce, outwardly they look quite content with such an existence.
As for the attitude towards tourists, then, of course, for most Cubans they are just fat wallets, from which, if possible, you need to shake out the maximum. If not everyone, then very many, are involved in a money scam on Freedom Island: from the state that put into circulation a special tourist currency, ending with petty scammers who deliberately provoke accidents in order to defraud a naive traveler of financial compensation. AT recent times in the country, such an unprecedented phenomenon as the financial stratification of society began to be observed: Cubans, involved in the tourism sector and having the opportunity to receive tips in addition to their main income, turned into a real elite.
Religion
Catholicism in Cuba is closely intertwined with Afro-Cuban religions, in particular with such as Santeria. Tourists have the opportunity to experience many aspects of these religious practices. In the early 1960s, the government removed catholic church much of its power and influence, but masses are still held in temples throughout the island, and since the pope's visit to Cuba in 1998, Catholic services and ceremonies have become more widespread.
Language
The entire population of Cuba speaks Spanish. Recently, in connection with the development of the tourism industry among the islanders, all kinds of courses for studying foreign languages, mainly European ones, have begun to gain popularity. In particular, the staff of luxury hotels and taxi drivers overwhelmingly speak good English. But since there is still a long way to go before mass mastering the language of Shakespeare, it is better to get a paper or electronic Russian-Spanish phrase book before the trip.
Food in Cuba
Spanish, Creole and African motifs are closely intertwined in Cuban cuisine. A favorite side dish here is rice, which often includes black beans or beans. It is served most often with pork or chicken, since beef in Cuba is a pleasure available only to the elite. It is worth trying the Creole ajiaco, which is a meat stew with vegetables and spices. By the way, it is better to look for the most peppery and spicy dishes in the vicinity of Santiago de Cuba.
In some establishments, you can also taste exotic meats (crocodiles, turtles). To pretty popular species dishes include huevos habaneros (a local variety of omelet with spicy sauce), chicharrones (crispy pork skin chips), pulpet meatloaf and the invariable lobsters, inaccessible to a simple Cuban, but in great demand among the tourist fraternity. For dessert, you should take maduros (fried bananas), caramel cream dulce de leche (an analogue of domestic boiled condensed milk) and churros cookies, which are fried right on the street. In addition, Cuba has an abundance of fruits, so you can meet them not only in the form of desserts, but also as a side dish for meat dishes.
Of the drinks, it is worth appreciating Cuban rum and, of course, the legendary daiquiri, the favorite cocktail of John F. Kennedy and Papa Ham. Tourists drink guarapo cane juice more out of curiosity than pleasure. But local beer enjoys a good reputation. Coffee in Cuba is brewed the strongest, generously flavored with sugar, and sometimes splashing a couple of drops of rum into a cup.
Most hotels that offer breakfast or Three meals a day, the kitchen is more Europeanized. Usually the morning starts with a buffet with all the consequences. If you are looking for a typical Cuban tavern, welcome to the pubs in private houses (paladares), which have recently been actively replaced by classic restaurants.
Money
Theoretically, the currency of the country is the Cuban peso. In fact, there are two types of money in circulation: for the indigenous population, this is the same Cuban peso (CUP), and for tourists, it is a convertible peso or cookie (CUC). 1 cookie is 57.43 rubles, exactly 1 US dollar or 1.18 euros (for 2017).
It is most profitable to exchange euros (no commission) or Canadian dollars in local banks. The worst thing is to convert American currency, since the commission for its exchange can reach up to 20% of the amount. Money exchange is made at the airport, hotels and banks. The latter are open from Monday to Friday from 8:30 to 15:00, and from 12:00 to 13:30 establishments are closed for a traditional siesta.
The resort areas of the island accept credit cards. Not so long ago, Cuba lifted the ban on the "plastic" of American banks, but failures in the conduct of payment transactions with Mastercard still occur. Protection from such awkward situations will be a supply of cash, which will be gladly accepted in any institution.
It is customary to give tips on Liberty Island. In restaurants, this can be the traditional 10% of the bill. There will be enough change in the bars (in cookies). Porters, maids and street musicians are given no more than 1 cookie.
On a note: before leaving, try to lower all cookies in stores, or have time to exchange them at Havana airport. Otherwise, you risk returning home with a pile of useless pieces of paper - convertible pesos are not changed anywhere else.
Travel budget
Compared to the rest Latin America and others developing countries, Cuba can be unpleasantly expensive, but staying on the island will cost you no more than holidays on other islands in the Caribbean.
Road
Air tickets can become the main item of expenditure, especially for residents of Europe and Asia. It is cheaper to travel during the off-season, from mid-December to mid-April, and with a full service fee.
Accommodation
Car rent
You can rent a car in Cuba in any major city, but keep in mind that gasoline is here - expensive pleasure: about 1.20-1.40 CUS/l. To rent a car, you must be 21 years old and have at least one year of driving experience. To conclude a lease agreement, a passport and an international driver's license will be enough.
The rental price is from 45 to 150 cookies per day with no mileage limit. Usually the tourist pays the rent, as well as a mandatory deposit of 150-300 CUC (can be in cash). You will need to buy insurance on the spot, even if you pre-paid for the rental before arriving in the country. If you take the car in one place and want to return it to another, you will have to pay the cost of the return trip. If your car is damaged, you must pay the first few hundred dollars needed to repair it, unless you can prove that the damage was not your fault. Before you accept the car, inspect it for dents and scratches.
Useful information: even while driving a rented car, it is unlikely that you will be able to disguise yourself as a real amigo on Cuban roads. Cars in the country are identified by the color of the numbers: yellow ones belong to private owners, blue ones belong to government agencies, and red ones are given out to tourists.
Cuba is an island state on the border of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Initially, Indian tribes lived here, who spoke their own dialect. When the Spaniards arrived on the island, the latter practically exterminated the indigenous population and imposed their own language on the remaining people. What language is spoken in Cuba today? Let's try to answer this question.
Official languages of Cuba
Cuba is one of the many countries whose official language is Spanish. AT colloquial speech it differs somewhat from pure, canonical Spanish. At one time, there were many French, American, Italian and German colonists on the island. All of them contributed to the formation of a special dialect of the Spanish language, which today is known as Espanol Cubano.
If we talk about the differences between the Cuban manner of speech and mother Spanish, there are significant distinctive features. This is especially evident in the pronunciation of individual words. Missing in Cuban speech plural when addressing a person. In other words, the locals never say "you", even to an older or unfamiliar interlocutor.
What is the language in Cuba? What language is spoken in Cuba? In addition to Spanish, English and French can also be heard on the streets of local cities. Surprisingly, some older Cubans can even speak Russian. But I would like to talk about this further.
Do Cubans speak English?
As you know, relations between Cuba and the United States have not historically been the warmest. Therefore, the main part of the population of the island does not consider it necessary to know and even understand the common phrases of the English language. However, there is a special category of Cubans known as "friends". The latter are fluent in English and are studying this language in order to earn money on foreign tourists. Appeal to the interlocutor such people always begin with the phrase: My Friend.
The so-called "friends" make money on travelers from other countries, offering the latter assistance in finding accommodation, cheap drinks and cigars, escort girls, and so on. Such people usually follow tourists for the whole day and behave extremely friendly, hoping for a kind of content on their part, that is, buying food and drinks in local bars, receiving money as a gift.
What language do other people speak in Cuba? Speaking in English to passing islanders, one can understand that most of them do not understand even the most common phrases in this language, or simply do not want to do this.
How are things with the Russian language in Cuba?
Let's continue to consider what language is spoken in Cuba. It is worth noting that there is no other state in the Caribbean where the Russian language is so widely spoken. The thing is that at one time numerous Cubans were educated in the Soviet states. Many Cubans are married to Russian women.
Cubans are showing good relationship to the Russians. The local population still remembers the times when domestic products were imported here affordable prices. Many Cubans still drive Soviet cars to this day. Therefore, it is not so difficult to find a person who knows Russian on the street of a Cuban city.
Finally
What language is spoken in Cuba? As you can see, you can come here knowing only Russian or English. However, it is a good idea to learn a few common phrases in Spanish before you travel. Particular attention should be paid to Spanish numerals. This will avoid misunderstandings when paying a bill in a restaurant, communicating with taxi drivers and sellers in local markets.
Cuba is called the Island of Liberty, others call it the "Pearl of the Caribbean". And they are all right, because the smell of freedom is just in the air, it is clearly felt. And the sea, sun, comfortable hotels, beaches in Cuba are simply fantastic. The excursions offered in Cuba are exciting and interesting, because they are not only in historical, but also in colonial places.
The ancestors of the Cubans are immigrants from Europe. Their descendants are the Spanish conquering knights, as well as the Negroes brought from Africa and other neighboring states.
Cubans are proud of their ancestors and painstakingly study pre-colonial culture and their Indian past. The Cuban language contains many Indian words because their ancestors are Indians. Many geographical objects also have an Indian origin, so they sound in the language of the Indians.
So what is the language in Cuba? Modern inhabitants are the descendants of the Spanish conquistadors and sailors who once landed on this island. That is why Spanish is spoken in Cuba. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the locals were Indians who spoke their own language. The Spaniards destroyed these Indians to the root, so the Cubans do not remember that language.
It seems that in Cuba they should speak English language, as it is surrounded by countries such as the USA, Canada. It is surprising that Cubans speak Spanish, more precisely, the Cuban-Spanish dialect. Therefore, a purebred Spaniard will not quite understand a Cuban.
Slaves from Africa, immigrants from France and Italy made an important contribution to Cuban Spanish (Espanol cubano). This language has quite significant differences from Spanish, for example, the language does not have a plural for the pronoun of the second person.
What is the official language in Cuba? Spanish is the official language in Cuba. But in restaurants, hotels, museums and parks, they speak English, Spanish, French, and maybe even Russian.
What language is in Cuba - the tourist has nothing to worry about, if he does not speak the language, then he will be provided with a Russian-speaking guide. But if a tourist learns a few phrases in Spanish, then the respect of the locals for him will increase many times over.
What can be found in Cuba
If before the trip to Cuba the tourist knew only the immortals - Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, now he will know about the divine climate of the island, about the wonderful weather and about the fantastic beaches of Cuba.
Liberty Island Cuba is a legendary country, about which, for all its color, we know not so much. Meanwhile, this island is rich in its history, culture and incredible life experience. Time stopped in Cuba about three decades ago. And you still have the opportunity to see the world of the past.
What is it, Cuba on the map
In the north of the Caribbean Sea there is a very interesting, original and uniquely memorable country, the Republic of Cuba. It covers not only the central island, but also several smaller ones. It is divided into 16 provinces, also includes the municipality of the Youventud Islands. No matter how large the area of Cuba may seem, its population is about 11,300,000 people.
The state is a member of the United Nations and the World trade organization. Prevailing leadership in policy communist party. The flag of Cuba is white, blue and red. The three blue stripes represent the Spanish parts of Cuba, the two white stripes represent independence, the red triangle represents equality, and the star represents freedom.
Cuba covers a total area of 110,860 square kilometers and is 1,250 kilometers long. The state borders on the United States, Mexico, Jamaica and the island of Haiti. The climate here is tropical, the temperature ranges from 22 to 30 degrees Celsius.
Where the name of the Island of Freedom came from is not fully known. It is assumed that the word "Cuba" came from the Taino Indians, who called the island a "beautiful place." And some historians say that the island of Cuba was named by Columbus in honor of the village of the same name in Portugal.
History of Cuba
Cuba has gone through a difficult path in the period of its formation. These lands have seen many revolutionary actions. The first civil uprising took place as early as 1823, when the locals decided to fight for an independent Spain. From 1868 to 1878, battles were fought here during the Ten Years' War for the independence of the Cuban people. This was followed by a number of revolutionary leaders, bringing to Cuba their orders and principles of government.
The well-known Fidel Castro came here in 1953. It was with his activities that the Cuban Revolution began, which opposed the ruling dictator Batista. When he escaped from the island, the "left" revolutionaries took the lead. But the optimistic trend did not last long, as repression soon began in Cuba. Castro was afraid of the dangerous influence of the United States, and actively began to cooperate with the Soviet Union.
It was this, the largest state at that time, that supported Cuba materially and financially. But when Perestroika began in the Union, the relationship changed. And Cuba itself has lost its former power. There was little money, there were not enough jobs. Stability was achieved only by 1994.
The church in Cuba operates according to its own rules, because everyone here has the right to their own religion. Mostly they profess Catholicism. But sometimes there are examples of Protestantism and African cult, which are built on the sacrifice and worship of various pagan gods.
They speak mainly in Spanish, but you can also hear English and Italian. In some regions, Dutch, German and various local dialects are spoken.
Cuba and its cities
The capital of Cuba, the city of Havana, is a tourist center and one of the largest in the country. Its total area is almost 727 square kilometers, on which 15 municipalities are located. Havana received the status of the capital in 1902, and at the moment it is the cultural, economic and political center of the country.
A lot of museums have been built in the city, in particular the Colonial, the National, the José Marti House Museum and the Museum of the Revolution. Also here you can see many old restored houses of the XVI-XVIII centuries. Also opened is the house-museum of the great writer Ernesto Hemingway, who was utterly in love with Cuba.
The second largest city in Cuba is Santiago de Cuba. It was built and inhabited at the beginning of the 16th century, and until 1556 it served as the capital of the state. Here, as in the capital, a lot of museums have been opened: ethnographic, municipal, natural history and others.
Tourists come to the south of Cuba to try their hand at recreational diving and see the fortress of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro. By the way, it is in this city that the grave of dictator Fidel Castro is located.
In the center of Cuba in 1514 the city of Camagüey was built. Local residents suffered from pirate attacks for several decades, but over time the area has changed. Surrounded by picturesque nature, the city is famous for its numerous attractions - the Ignacio Argamonte Museum, Trabajadores and Soledad squares, and, of course, Campestre Casino Park.
How to organize an unforgettable vacation in Cuba
Despite the fact that Cuba is not the most rich country, the tourist will definitely have something to see here.
The bell tower rises in the capital Cathedral St. Christoph, the building is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was built from 1767 until the end of the 19th century, the frescoes of Giuseppe Perovani became the crowning achievement of architectural creation. The bells are made of bronze with an admixture of silver and gold.
Be sure to walk along the Prado Boulevard in the capital, this promenade separates the two regions of Havana. Noisy and colorful Cuban weddings take place here, since the Wedding Palace is located on the boulevard. A large hotel "Seville" was built for tourists, and the old Capitol towers nearby. Walking along the boulevard in the evening, you will certainly see the Bolshoi Theater and Central Park. Walk a little more - and you are on the Malecon.
The picturesque and one of the largest parks, Sierra del Rosario, can be seen if you get to the Rosario ridge. The large park is a protected area with a length of 250 kilometers. This land is home to a rainforest with more than 800 plant species. At the moment, the park is of particular natural value for UNESCO.
And, of course, you can't come to Cuba and not look into Hemingway's house. It was here that the writer lived almost until the end of his life. He was inspired by the unique seascape and fresh brackish air. Hemingway arrived in Cuba in 1940, but the house in which he settled was built in late XIX century. Gorgeous views, rum and national flavor inspired the author to write the legendary novel The Old Man and the Sea.
In 1961, the writer passed away, and a year later, in tribute to his work, the Cuban authorities made a museum in his house. Everything here is preserved in the form that Ernest used to see. Even in the bedroom, on the desktop, installed exact copy typewriter on which brilliant works were created.
Cuba is something unique
You will definitely not find such another country anywhere in the world. And there are plenty of quirks on Liberty Island. Accustomed to bans, repressions and restrictions, Cubans have some other permissiveness. Surprisingly, the activities of Masonic lodges are still legal here. To this day, there is an organization of Masons, including a little less than 300,000 local residents.
But there are more restrictions. For example, one of the strangest rules is the ban on catching and eating lobsters by locals. This product is considered exclusively for tourism and is grown or caught by state monopolists. Local residents do not have the right to this product. We are talking not only about lobsters, but also about lobsters. To tell the truth, this rule, of course, is violated. But it still remains within the law and implies imprisonment for several years.
Photography in Cuba is a separate art form. But before you take the coveted picture, make sure it's legal. It is strictly forbidden to photograph administrative and military buildings, cars and any other places. There are a lot of KGB officers in all cities, but it’s better not to risk taking photos or videos with them. If you are photographing locals or taking selfies with them, then, first of all, ask permission. You are unlikely to hear a refusal, but if this happens, it is better to immediately erase the photo.
And the most popular entertainment in Havana is the Tropicana show. It is presented by a traditional cabaret with bright Cuban costumes. Ticket price - 95 Cuban pesos, this amount includes a pass to the event, a glass of champagne, a can of Coca-Cola and a bottle of rum. Cabaret tells the rich history of Cuba from the time of the Indians to the dictators of Castro.
Cuba and tourism
What does a tourist do when he gets tired of the sights or when there is a little less than a couple of hours left before the plane? Of course, go shopping!
The Caribbean coast is rich in its ocean sights and beauties. In local souvenir shops you can buy bracelets and figurines made of tortoise shell. It will be interesting for musicians to bring bongos, for fashionistas - a guayabera shirt. Well, where without traditional portraits of Che Guevara, who look at tourists from T-shirts, cups, key rings and other things.
You are unlikely to have to buy products, but you will not be able to do this very well either. In Cuba, everything is issued on coupons, and supermarkets work for tourists. To tell the truth, big shopping centers there are only two in Cuba, and then in the capital.
What to try in Cuba?
Of course, drink a glass of rum and, if tastes permit, smoke a fragrant cigar and feel like Al Capone. Buying Rum in any city in Cuba is easier than finding a store without a queue. Rum prices are minimal, but the quality matches the price. If you want to try a good cigar, then check out the Cigar Museum. This way you will learn more about this iconic item and buy a quality product for a relatively small price.
When it comes to restaurants, things are not going well. There are no large five-star restaurants with arches and waiters in butterflies in Cuba. And even small cafes for three tables with a thatched roof are called a restaurant here. But they cook in all establishments quite tasty. Sea food is widespread. The same lobsters and lobsters that are relatively inexpensive here.
All about Cuba for tourists
To visit Cuba you will need. The Embassy of the Island of Freedom warmly welcomes Ukrainian tourists, so the documents will be processed quickly. With such a visa, you can stay in the country for up to 30 days, and if the atmosphere of the island drags on for some more time, then the documents can be easily extended at the Ukrainian embassy.
Will cost you about 500-700 dollars. to Cuba ranges from 25 to 50 thousand hryvnia. The hotel will cost in a tourist city about 1500 - 2600 hryvnia per day. In smaller towns, hotels cost about
1000 - 1500 hryvnia per day. You can give yourself a truly heavenly pleasure and rent a house, villa or cottage on the coast. This luxury will cost 800 - 2200 hryvnia per day.
Regarding the currency, it is worth knowing one fact. There are two types of pesos in Cuba. The first is designated as CUP, this currency is less colorfully printed and is intended for local residents. For tourists, the peso is designated, which is designated as CUC. This is the so-called convertible peso, which corresponds to the usual one as 1:25, respectively. Interestingly, in any city in Cuba, both currencies are accepted. And the magic still exists.
Video - 13 interesting facts about Cuba
On the account of money, it is also important to know that there are no terminals in the local stores. So you should always carry cash with you. It is better to immediately withdraw a large amount from ATMs, because the commissions there are literally extortionate. Part of the amount should be kept close to you, and part should be left in the safe of the hotel or villa. And in general, all valuable things should be kept with you. Cuba has a fairly high rate of theft.
When taking photos, do not forget that posting pictures on Instagram will not be very easy. There is no Internet in Cuba on a large scale. You can use it only with the help of a map in certain places. Either in central regions city at the main post office. Or in a hotel, of course.
In Cuba it is separate world which cannot be compared with anything. Temperamental, emotional and to this day not discouraged Cubans will gladly share their experience with you from the old memory. Ukrainians are habitual guests in Cuba. Once upon a time, a tour to Cuba was organized for the children of Chernobyl. Now everything is getting better, and Cuba is still waiting for our countrymen. The point is small - to clarify where Cuba is located, order a visa, book a hotel and fly to a meeting for a sunny vacation.
brief information
Liberty Island was discovered by Christopher Columbus on October 27, 1492. After that, the Spaniards tried to colonize it for four centuries and turn it into their overseas province. The British and Americans also wanted to succeed in this later. However, none of them managed to establish their own rules there. Therefore, even now they say about Cuba that it is the “Island of Freedom”. Cuba is famous all over the world for its carnivals, dances, songs, boxing, volleyball, Cuban cigars and Cuban rum, beautiful sea and magnificent beaches.
Geography of Cuba
The island nation of Cuba is located in the Caribbean Sea. It consists of the islands of Cuba, Youthud and several other archipelagos. The United States is located 180 kilometers north of Cuba, and Jamaica, Haiti and the Dominican Republic are located to the south and southeast. The total area of the country is 110,860 sq. km.
Cuba is the largest island in the entire Caribbean. Most of its territories are plains. Mountain systems can be found only in the west, in the center and in the southeast. The most high peak- Peak Turquino in the Sierra Maestra mountain range, whose height reaches 1,974 meters.
The coast of the island of Cuba is indented with picturesque bays and bays, and near the coast there are beautiful coral reefs. In general, there are about 4,000 thousand islands and reefs near Cuba.
Capital
Havana is the capital of the state of Cuba. More than 2.3 million people now live in this city. Havana was founded by the Spaniards in 1515 on the site of an ancient Indian settlement.
Official language of Cuba
The official language is Spanish.
Religion
More than 60% of the population identify themselves as Catholics, but only about 5% of them attend church regularly.
State structure
According to the 1992 Constitution, Cuba is a socialist republic in which the "leading force of society and state" is the Communist Party. The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba also acts as the President of this state.
The local parliament is called the National Assembly, it consists of 609 deputies elected for a 5-year term. Executive power is vested in the Council of State and the Council of Ministers, which consists of 31 ministers.
Administratively, the country is divided into 15 provinces, which in turn are divided into 168 municipalities, and one special municipality (Khuventud).
Climate and weather
The climate is subtropical, the average annual air temperature is about +27C. The hurricane season lasts from July to mid-November. Most often, hurricanes tropical storms occur in September and October.
You can practically relax in Cuba all year round but the best time is winter months when there is no rain.
Average air temperature in Cuba:
- January - +26С
- February - +27C
- March - +28С
- April - +29C
- May - +31С
- June - +30C
- July - +30С
- August - +32C
- september - +31C
- october - +29C
- November - +27C
- december - +26С
Sea in Cuba
The island of Cuba is surrounded on all sides by the Caribbean Sea. Off the coast there are beautiful coral reefs.
The average temperature of the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Cuba:
- January - +25С
- February - +24C
- March - +24C
- April - +26C
- May - +27С
- June - +27С
- July - +28С
- August - +28C
- september - +28C
- october - +28C
- November - +27C
- december - +27С
Rivers and lakes
Several rivers flow through Cuba. The largest of them is the Cauto River, which begins in the Sierra Maestra mountains in the province of Santiago (its length is 370 km). The Almendares River flows through Havana, providing drinking water to the capital. In general, there are several hundred rivers and small streams on this island.
History of Cuba
October 27, 1492 Christopher Columbus landed in Cuba, and from then on begins modern history this island, and then the state. AT early XVII century Diego Velasquez founded the first seven settlements on the island - Baracoa, Bayamo, Santiago de Cuba, Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus, Camaguey and Havana. In the process of colonization, the Spaniards almost completely destroyed the indigenous population. During the 4 centuries of Spanish domination, tens of thousands of slaves from Africa were imported to Cuba.
The Spanish occupation of Cuba ended only at the end of the 19th century, but the country became politically dependent on the United States.
On January 1, 1959, the Revolution won in Cuba, and the country embarked on the path of building socialism. One of the leaders of the Revolution, along with Camilo Cienfuegos and Ernesto Che Guevara, was Fidel Castro.
In April 1961, the Americans attempted to overthrow the Cuban government led by Fidel Castro, but their mercenaries were defeated in the Bay of Pigs.
Some capitalist countries, including the United States, have not yet lifted economic sanctions against Cuba, which hinders the development of this amazing country.
culture
Cuban culture has been shaped by Spanish, African, French and Asian influences and is therefore known for its diversity. This country has become the home of many musical styles and dances, among them the most popular are mambo and cha-cha-cha.
However, Cuba is known in the world not only for music and dancing, but also for sports achievements in boxing and volleyball. Sports can also be considered a reflection of cultural traditions.
Cuba cannot be imagined without festivals. For example, every summer Havana hosts the famous Chariot Carnival, during which special stages with music and dance groups drive through the streets of the Cuban capital for three days, and street processions of musicians are also held. In general, the Carnival in Havana lasts, as a rule, 12 days, and the legendary cabaret Tropicana, founded in 1939, takes part in it.
Also in Havana, fairs of folk crafts are regularly held in the summer, in which various musical, dance and theater groups participate.
Every September, the festival of traditional Cuban music Festival del Son takes place in Santiago de Cuba. This holiday lasts for four days.
Cuisine of Cuba
Cuban cuisine has been heavily influenced by Spanish culinary traditions. Many Cuban dishes are very similar to those served in Andalusia (southern Spain). However, African, Portuguese, French, Arabic and even Chinese culinary traditions have also influenced Cuban cuisine.
The main food products are potatoes, malanga, yucca, wheat, fish and seafood (especially lobster), meat (chicken and pork), rice, bananas, vegetables, beans. Hot spices are rarely used.
Tourists are advised to try "Moros y Cristianos" (black beans with rice), "Arroz con Pollo" (yellow rice with chicken), "Ropa Vieja" (beef fillet pieces), "Ajiaco" (vegetable stew with meat and garlic), " Fufú" (mashed boiled green bananas, often served with meat), "Piccadillo" (spiced beef with tomatoes and onions). Popular desserts are Helado (ice cream) and Galletas (sweet biscuits).
The traditional soft drink is coffee. The best Cuban coffee comes from the Sierra Maestra.
Traditional alcoholic drinks are rum and rum cocktails. Every self-respecting Cuban bartender should know at least 100 cocktail recipes with rum or other alcoholic drinks.
Sights of Cuba
Most of the monuments of Cuban culture belong to the colonial era. Several monuments are considered UNESCO World Heritage Sites:
- Historic Center of Havana Vieja and Fort (Havana)
- Old City of Trinidad (Sancti Spiritus)
- Sugar mills around Trinidad (Sancti Spiritus)
- Fortifications of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro (Santiago de Cuba)
- Ruins of the French coffee plantation La Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba)
- Desembarco del Granma National Park
Of great interest to tourists are the national parks "Alexander Humboldt", Almendares and Sierra Maestra, the Los Indios Reserve and the Punta Frances Marine Park.
Cities and resorts
The largest cities are Santiago de Cuba, Camaguey, Santa Clara, Holguin, Bayamo, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Holguin, and, of course, Havana.
Cuba is world famous for its beach resorts, to rest on which residents of Europe come and North America. The most popular of them are Varadero, Cayo Guillermo, Cayo Coco, Cayo Largo and Holguin. Every year in Varadero, for example, more than 1 million tourists rest (about 45% of them are foreigners).
Most local resorts offer tourists a well-developed recreation infrastructure, with restaurants, discos, nightclubs and entertainment shows in hotels. All resorts have excellent opportunities for beach holiday including diving, sea excursions and yacht trips.
Souvenirs/Shopping
The most popular souvenirs from Cuba are any items depicting Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, folk art, ceramics, Cuban coffee, coffee cups, Cuban cigars and rum.
Office Hours
Banks:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-15:00
The shops:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-17:00
Sat: 10:00-14:00
Museums:
Tue-Sat: 09:00-17:00
Sun: 08:00-13:00
Visa
Ukrainians need a visa to visit Cuba.
Currency
There are two currencies in circulation in Cuba - the Cuban peso (CUP) and the convertible peso (CUC). Tourists must exchange dollars for convertible pesos. $100 = 87 CUC. In turn, 1 dollar = approximately 24 Cuban pesos. Credit cards not widely distributed.