Full-time correspondence form of education in a general education school. Everything you need to know about high school distance learning

It's in theory. But in practice, not all schools are ready to organize part-time or part-time forms of education. Why? Because the constituent documents (charter, regulations and other local acts) of most educational organizations are not brought into line with the new law and the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. Why is the leadership of most schools in no hurry to make changes? Because so far in these schools there are no people willing to transfer children to part-time or part-time forms. No announcements - there will be no changes. The market principle operates in education: demand creates supply. Why there are no applicants is also understandable. The vast majority of parents do not know about new forms of education, do not even know about them. The concept of "correspondence" in the minds of the majority of Russians is associated only with obtaining higher education. Secondary educational institutions do not advertise new forms, much less advertise them at parent meetings. It's also clear why. If at least one statement appears, it will be necessary to change the usual system that has been established for years. No one needs an extra headache - the director and his deputies already have a lot of trouble.

Previously, children who did not want or for some reason could not study full-time were simply sent to an evening (shift) school. Night schools had a special license - permission to study in full-time. Now, in the annex to the license, only the level of education is indicated and there is not a word about the form of its receipt. In most regions, evening (shift) schools became part of secondary schools. educational organizations became their structural subdivisions. It was these unified schools (now called "centers of education") that were the first to make changes to the constituent documents and start working in all three forms.

Has the change in the status of evening (shift) schools led to positive changes? Far from everywhere.

It is known that the curricula of evening schools have always been shortened, especially in correspondence courses (almost all schools in the FSIN system work on it), while the coefficient for funding was 0.65 of the standard for day schools. When, in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards, subjects that were not previously taught were included in the curricula: physical education, music, fine arts, life safety, schools had to hire new specialists or increase the workload of existing ones, but the funding standard remained the same.

It is logical to assume that if a shift school is part of a general education school, then its funding increases. But that's in theory. In practice, financing is organized differently depending on the budget of a particular region.

In addition to educational centers, internal school documents brought some rural schools into line with the new law and the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. Apparently, they, too, were driven to this by a vital necessity. It is no secret that the delivery of children from remote settlements often fraught with difficulties of a purely technical nature: from time to time, schools are faced with a lack of fuel, illness of the driver or technical malfunction bus. And not only those. I know many cases when a school bus with an accompanying teacher rolls at 6-30 in the morning for a single student to a village located 25-28 kilometers from the school. The driver does not have the right to carry one student unaccompanied. So the teachers have to stand in line at dawn, not get enough sleep, give up morning household chores for the sake of picking up one student. Moreover, this duty, distributed among the members of the teaching staff of a rural school, is most often not paid. The director simply says: “What to do, colleagues? If we do not carry, we will lose one soul and - accordingly - funding. The numbers will drop." Since almost all rural schools face the threat of closure, and teachers face the prospect of losing their jobs, no one objects. Without much joy, educators submit to necessity. For such cases, extramural learning is salvation. A child who lives far away can not be brought up every day, but let's say once a week - for consultations and test work and for school-wide events.

In addition, there are children who do not tolerate the road, especially if it is uneven, with bumps and pits (this, alas, is not uncommon in the provinces). They will bring the child to school half-dead, incapable of learning, by the third lesson he will gradually come to his senses, and after the fourth he will again endure the same road torment. Parents do not have a heart of stone, they leave the child at home under any pretext. For families faced with such a problem, the correspondence form is the most acceptable way out. Remote education would also be a way out, but the speed of the Internet in Russian villages, even large ones, does not allow not only ordinary residents, but even school leaders to use Skype. Undoubtedly, distance education is the future, but for most rural schools it will not come soon.

But back to the stated topic. In contrast to the "families", which we are talking about, "correspondence students" and "part-time students" are full-fledged students of the school with all the ensuing consequences. The school is responsible for their progress, development, provides all necessary consultations, provides educational material, conducts diagnostics, etc. Each "correspondence student" has a curator and teachers attached to him. For both "full-time students" and "part-time students"the state educational standard is in force,the education of "part-time students", as well as full-time students, is funded by the founder. The only difference is that educational in full-time and part-time forms master general education program for individual plan. Organization of training in full-time and part-time formsalso has its own characteristics, although it alsoregulated by the curriculum, class schedule, educational programs and work programs teachers.

Here are a few points of the regulation on the organization of training in full-time and part-time form:

" Ostudents, mastering educational programs in full-time - correspondenceor by correspondenceform, can be transferred to full-time education at the request of parents ( hlegal representatives). Along with the application, documents confirming the development of educational programs are submitted. MCan be submitted documents for the period preceding training in the form family education, in educational institutions of foreign states. In the absence of documents development level general educational programs are carried out schoolcommission on the basis of an administrative document, which determines the procedure, list of subjects, terms and forms of passing diagnostic certification.

When accepting an application for enrollment or transfer of students to part-time or aboutpart-time education an educational institution is obliged to familiarize the parents (legal representatives) of students with the procedure for attestation (intermediate and state (final)) andeducational programs of subjects.

To master educational programs, study hours are distributed during school days, taking into account the needs and capabilities of the student on the basis of curriculum. Examinations and tests are carried out at the expense of the allotted hours of the curriculum. The number of tests is determined by the teacher in agreement with the administration of the educational institution. Forms of conducting tests are determined by the teacher. The schedule of classes, tests and tests is approved by the order of the head of the educational institution.

The school opens classes (groups) with at least 9 people. When enrolling in a class (group) of less than 9 students, the development of general educational programs is carried out according to an individual plan, the number of teaching hours per week is set at the rate of 1 academic hour for each student. PIf there are 16 or more people in the group, 72 additional training hours are allocated for individual consultations. The total number of training hours is evenly distributed to conduct intermediate certification, practical, laboratory, consultative classes.

When organizing the educational process throughout the academic year, the specified training hours are evenly distributed over 2-3 academic days per week, taking into account the current SanPiN.

The school is independent in choosing a student assessment system, order and frequency intermediate certifications students. The quality of mastering the programs of basic general education submitted for independent study by students is checked using various kinds control. The forms and terms for assessing a student's knowledge are determined by the participants in the educational process and are fixed in the student's curriculum.

Gstate (final) certification of students in subjects studied in part-time and part-time forms is carried out in accordance with the Regulations on the state (final) certification of graduates educational institutions Russian Federation.

Participants in the educational process righte toaboutcorrect the forms of organization of student learning and choose the most convenient for the successful development of the student educational program(remote, group, individual).

A student receiving part-time education can receive additional educational services at school (including on a contractual basis) outside the main educational program, taking into account the interests and individual characteristics of the student. The order of development of programs of additional education and extracurricular employment is reflected in the individual plan of the student.

On paper, everything looks very good. Everything is “at the request of the parents”, “taking into account the opinion of the child”, in accordance with the law and the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard ... Beautiful - no words ... But who pays for the “banquet”? Founder. This means that the order to transfer or enroll a child in full-time or part-time form must be agreed with the founder. Well, if the application is written by the parents before the start of the school year, but if they decide to transfer the child in the middle of the term, after the budget of the educational institution is approved? Where will the funding for the extra hours come from? From the school budget, most likely, money will be cut out from the wage fund. Is it good for schools? No, most schools don't. Much more profitable than "correspondence students" are "family students", for which the school is not responsible, according to the law, it is obliged to organize only its certification - intermediate and final. Agree that these are completely different costs.

There is an opinion!

Svetlana Viktorovna Savitskaya, director of Lyceum No. 40, Petrozavodsk:

In our institution for the last 10 years, children were trained, whom their parents transferred to the family form of education, and now to correspondence. But these were always special, isolated cases.
I think that this practice will expand, and parents will more boldly choose for their children extramural forms of education. The most frequent arguments against the correspondence form and family education - the lack of opportunities for the child's socialization, the scarcity of his communications with peers - seem to me untenable. Can't parents who are ready to take full responsibility for the education of their children be able to provide their child with adequate communication with other children? Today there are plenty of opportunities for this. But the fact that the school "does not have time" for modern development society and technology, does not always really build educational process taking into account the individual characteristics of EVERY child, for me there is no doubt. And this is exactly what every parent expects from us. We will answer the request - the children will come to school, we will not answer - the parents will look for alternative options for teaching their children.

Photo by Vera Kostrova

Not all schools can offer a student all of them at once, it depends on the permissions received and the occupancy of the educational institution.

Full-time education

This is the usual form of schooling, recommended for all students. Most children use it school age. It is based on attending classes every day, doing homework, writing verification work direct control of the teacher over the progress of each student. With this format of education, the student spends a significant amount of time at school, and his success directly depends not only on himself, but also on the work of the teacher.

Evening form of education

In this case, everything character traits daytime education is also valid for evening: it also consists of direct communication between the student and the teacher, only it takes place in the evening. Usually, in the evening, either already adult students study, who once had to leave school, but they want to finish their secondary education, or several classes are rearranged from daytime to when there are too many children at school, so there are not enough classrooms for everyone.

external student

It's pretty unusual shape education, it is not allowed in all schools. For such training, the student does not have to come to school every day, classes are organized for him every few weeks or every week at a certain time, where the teacher goes through new topics with such students, works out the most difficult questions. Learning is especially convenient for those guys who are actively involved in sports sections or choreographic circles, often leave for competitions, or for those children who want to devote maximum time to certain subjects, preparing for exams and not wasting time on everyday trips to school. They can study in a regular or enhanced program, completing several classes in one year.

Home schooling

This form of education can be prescribed by a doctor if the child falls ill with a serious illness, or a parent can choose if they want to teach the child on their own at home. The school has no right to prohibit such a form of education or not provide a place for such a child. Then the student does not need to attend classes during the year, he can come to school only at the end of the academic semester to pass the necessary tests or exams to confirm the level of knowledge and transfer to the next one. However, if such a child needs advice or help from teachers, it should be provided to him. Family schooling is becoming more and more popular among some parents who believe that schooling kills creativity in their children, teaches them to obey the system, and breaks the child's psyche. However, it is rather problematic to educate your children for 11 years, usually such families use the help of educational websites, the services of tutors, or invite school teachers to their homes.

No matter how scolded new law about education, but he gave children and parents fantastic opportunities in the choice of forms of education. Now you can not attend the lessons of teachers who do not like, or simply unloved subjects. Below is a link to my interview to the portal of the MIR-24 TV channel

http://mir24.tv/news/lifestyle/11125114

And actually, the text.

Svetlana Domracheva, an adherent of family education, the author of the non-profit project Alternative Education in Moscow, told Mir 24 correspondent how to properly build relationships with the school and enjoy all the benefits of the new law.

Now you can choose absolutely any comfortable shape education of their child and I am very surprised that parents know so little about this and so hesitantly use their opportunities! - this is how our conversation began with Svetlana, who chose education outside of school for her daughter. For the fourth year now, they have been coming there only to pass the certification.

- What opportunities, not noticed by the broad masses, did the law on education give us?

AT federal law on education, which came into force in September last year, both full-time, part-time, and distance learning are prescribed. This means that any child has the right to choose the subjects that he wants to attend at school. And the rest to study at home. For this, no arguments, no medical and other certificates are needed, a statement from the parents with the wording “I ask you to transfer my child to part-time education” is enough.

Previously, it was very difficult to get permission from the school not to attend individual lessons, they immediately set an ultimatum: either you go to everything, or you go to family education, that is, you study completely outside of school. Although some were able to partially attend, because the opportunity to study according to individual curricula, in accordance with personal characteristics and pace, was provided by law before, it is another matter that school administrations rarely agreed with such a right of students.

Now there is such a practice that children who go in for sports refuse to attend physical education, and children involved in music or art school- respectively from attending drawing and music in a comprehensive school. But you can refuse to attend any other lessons. Of course, in reality there are laws, but there is law enforcement practice. There are more and more students in the capital who, by the decision of their parents, attend classes at school only partially, since these forms have been actively used here since September last year and it has become much easier to achieve this. There are still very few such families in other cities of Russia.

In the old law, only two forms of out-of-school education were prescribed: external study and family education. Now external studies have remained only as a form of certification, and schools are trying to dissuade parents from family education by all means. Including by providing them with a wide choice of forms and methods of education.

- How easy do schools go to alternative forms teaching children?

So far, this choice of parents is not socially approved, although by law this decision is by no means left to the discretion of the school. Any school, if a parent writes a statement that he asks to transfer his child to a family, correspondence or part-time form of education, is obliged to provide him with this opportunity. It is mandatory in the charter of the state school. However, in practice, schools react negatively at first. Most often, parents who first turned to the school administration with such a request are told: we do not have such a form.

In this case, how can we achieve mutual understanding with the school, or at least respect for our rights?

Once you've been rejected, don't give up. First of all, you need to ask the school administration for a written refusal to accept your application. After that, in 99% of cases, the school backtracks. Of course, they will not give you a written refusal, but they will say: well, we will make an exception for you, you will be the first with us.

However, there are times when the school still continues to balk. For example, he does not agree to either accept the application or refuse you in writing. In this case, you need to contact the district Department of Education. Usually enough phone call. In any Department of Education there is a separate person who takes care of those children who are studying alternative ways. It is usually enough to convey to him the information that a particular school refuses to accept the parents' application for this issue to be resolved in your favor.

- But in practice, this does not translate into persecution of such children?

Schools also have adequate people, and there are more of them than is commonly thought. A lot of information about “alternatives” flocks to me, but I have never come across cases where the issue could not be resolved through negotiations. I don't know of cases where children were deliberately harmed. And how can this be done if the child does not go to school, but communicates with the teacher only in the presence of the parents?

And if this is a part-time form, then you refuse one or two subjects and the child no longer interacts with these specific teachers. He meets with them only at the certification, which the parent has the right to attend.

In addition, if a teacher is in principle capable of poisoning a child, should he be trusted with a child at all? What can he teach? Then, all the more so, one should not leave, but run away from such a teacher.

- How is certification carried out?

This is at the discretion of the parents. If you are guided by the law, then there are intermediate attestations, and there are final ones. That is, de jure, only the GIA and the Unified State Examination are obligatory for us. But de facto, our parents and their children still prefer to pass certifications annually or every six months in those subjects that the child does not attend. Firstly, to be sure that he is successfully mastering the program, and secondly, to have documents confirming this on hand.

Is there a danger that children will not pass the certification, not because they do not know the subject, but for subjective reasons, because of the principled position of the teacher?

They will not be able to stumble upon a completely inadequate assessment, after all training program. Another thing is that the compilers of tests and examinations for elementary school there are such aberrations of thinking that an objective assessment, in principle, is not possible. Especially in this sense, I “love” the tests of the Moscow Center for the Quality of Education (MTsKO). In the third grade reading final, for example, the children were given a text that said the stylus was a reed stick. The next question was: “What is a stylus?” The daughter answered "Wand" - and so, this answer is incorrect. Next question was like this: What were the styluses made of? Her answer: "From the reed" was already judged to be correct. I still think, what is it from a reed, if not a stick? I do not lose hope to personally meet the authors of these tests, they have such blunders at every step - maybe I will finally find out what a stylus is.

There were also cases when children were asked questions, let's say, excessive. For example, when the daughter and her friends took physical education in the second grade, the teacher asked them who founded Olympic Games. Indeed, the information that this is Pierre de Coubertin was contained in a textbook on physical education. But tell me, which of the second-graders studying full-time will be able to answer such a question? Yes, they have no idea that such a textbook exists! I had to be present at all tests and certifications, where I had doubts about the objectivity of teachers. Then the child got older and decided that he no longer needed moral support in the person of his mother.

- Who decides how to pass certification?

There are no forms prescribed by law for passing intermediate assessments, and the school administration usually decides this by agreement with the parents. There are children who are lost when it is necessary to take an exam orally, it is better for them to offer tests. There are those who don't like tests. Parents may insist on some form. There are, of course, objects, the forms of delivery of which are fixed by tradition. For example, the Russian language, which is usually used for dictation, copywriting or exposition. Mathematics also requires tests, problem solving and examples. And the rest of the items - at the discretion of the parents. It is better to write down in writing, directly in the application, that you would like to take such and such a subject in such and such a form. As well as the desired delivery date. If there are no ready-made tests in the subject, the school is obliged to develop them. This is possible if the child is studying in absentia. For example, in some subjects it was convenient for us to simply come to class for all the required test papers and write them together with all the guys.

- And what about the family form of education? Why don't schools like her?

Those parents whose children were in family education before the new law, in the past academic year for the most part, they chose correspondence and part-time forms, since schools are much more loyal to them. So, for example, MCKO tests were developed specifically for the family form, with many questions that have nothing to do with the state program. Moreover, their delivery was designed for several hours, which generally contradicted the norms of SanPin.

The issue, as always, is funding. The family form of education assumes that the parents of such children receive a small monthly monetary compensation, as in the design of a family kindergarten. This was very convenient, because it allowed parents, for example, to unite and hire a teacher or several subject teachers for five or six children, who taught their children all the same lessons, but in the territory chosen by the parents, in a form convenient for children and in a suitable way for them. time.

Now, if you declare that you have come to the family form of education, the school administration will make every effort to persuade you to choose any other form. In order not to have problems with the Department of Education, where they are sure that schools that have many children in SO do not know how to work with parents. After all, a parent will not pick up a child from a good school. And with part-time and part-time education, the money for the education of such a child goes to the school, and not to the family. And many parents go for it in order to create a comfortable environment for the child for certification.

Thus, the family form of education is gradually being replaced as economically unprofitable for the state and schools. There are now few parents who could not be "squeezed" out of the family form of education in the capital, but even they have not received any compensation after the adoption of the new law on education. .

The fact is that in November last year, Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 827-PP dated September 25, 2007 "On the organization of the activities of state educational institutions of the city of Moscow, implementing general educational programs in various forms education”, which regulated the payment procedure. Canceled quite logically, because it was necessary new order payments, taking into account the new law on education. And a new resolution about it should have been adopted. But in Moscow it has not yet been adopted, that is, there is no mechanism for payments provided for by current laws, both federal and regional.

Suspension of payments to "family members", however, is not based on the law, the Minister of Education Dmitry Livanov spoke about this not so long ago. Sooner or later, but the government of the capital will have to take care of this issue, since the payment of compensation to parents in family education in Moscow is established by the law of Art. 6 clause 3.1 of the Law of the City of Moscow dated 06/20/2001 No. 25 (as amended on 07/04/2012). So, it is necessary either to cancel this law, or to develop, finally, a payment scheme.

With the refusal of one or all subjects, it is more or less clear, but how in practice can one refuse to attend the first, or, say, the last lessons?

This is also possible. Many children who are seriously involved in sports have morning workouts. And others are engaged at this time with a tutor on Skype. Parents are not required to make excuses and justify somehow their decision. They just need to write on the application that their child will be in an IEP. This is also possible with full-time education.

There are teachers who are very loyal to this form. But even if the school tries to refuse you, you are simply insisting on your right under the law. There is a lot of talk these days about the importance of giving children the opportunity to progress through the program at their own pace. There are children who master, say, mathematics faster than classmates, and it is more expedient for them to devote the freed hours to humanitarian subjects, which, for example, are more difficult for them.

An individual plan allows the child to selectively go to individual lessons to test their knowledge or finish learning a topic that they did not fully understand during self-study. And he may not go to other lessons, making sure that he knows everything. The right to individual curricula was spelled out in the old law on education, but this form was very little used and few people knew about it at all. And now it has begun to be used much more widely in connection with the new law. In any case, now there are more opportunities to study with benefit and interest, and this pleases.

Tatyana Rubleva

Attributes of childhood in the form of the first and last calls, desks, harsh and fair teachers, classmates do not attract everyone. Moreover, this is decided by parents, for whom until recently there were no alternatives to compulsory schooling and who were obliged to attend classes. Their schedule was arranged for a small group of children - young circus performers and athletes, actors, musicians, or whose parents were diplomats. The rest had to sit out a certain amount of time in the classroom.

24 years ago, Boris Yeltsin, with his power, gave Russian children the opportunity to study at home, and to take exams. Very quickly, family education (as it is also called homeschooling) found a residence in our society. Who chooses it? Mainly those who different reasons cannot send their children to school. Here are just a few categories:

1. yoga,
2. Vegans
3. Adherents of mixed or secular education from religious motives,
4. Freelancers, that is, people working on the Internet,
5. Those who travel constantly
6. People whose children are deeply limited opportunities. Just parents who school days dislike the traditional school.

Another question - is it good or bad, and who is bad or good?

Hooray, you don't have to go to class!

So those who have experienced all the charms of the traditional school can rejoice. Because they themselves have unlearned, and now their children will not go to hated lessons. It turns out that this can be done. And no one will give the child absenteeism. because special form training is well designed.

Previously, even before the current Law on Education, many chose such a form of education as an external student. That is, this program existed in schools and educational centers. Children attend school once a week, receive advice on selected subjects, and then take an exam. Moreover, the child may not even receive such consultations. Just passed the exam. Externship is provided in the current version of the law on education as an external student only in the form of passing exams.

Children can be enrolled in the school on a part-time or part-time basis. How and what is here?

Correspondence students

What is this category of students? These are children studying at home in family education under the state program, when they need expert advice. They, being in this moment anywhere in the world, are listed in one of the Russian schools. This is very convenient for families who live abroad and strive to ensure that their child receives a certificate from a Russian school.

There are schools that actively work with the so-called correspondence students. Special centers are being opened that provide assistance to those who teach their child at home. For example, a boy from the Moscow region studied at an external office in Novosibirsk. Being attached to a local, so-called traditional school, the child received assignments via the Internet, and passed exams and tests via Skype. Another studied at the Center for Family Education, but continued to be registered with his Moscow school. This student visited the Center once a week, attending only some of the lessons. Everything else was studied by him at home.

Why did these families choose this form of education? Because their children could not physically sit out the right amount of time at school. After many hours of sitting, they not only get tired, but also cannot absorb the entire amount of information. As a result, they cannot do their homework on their own.

Part-time students

This form of education involves the preparation of an individual curriculum. It indicates what subjects he goes to study in class, and what he teaches himself, as well as how and at what time he will take tests on them. Thanks to such a plan, in-depth and accelerated study can be envisaged. If agreed with the school administration, children can only go to individual lessons, spend a day or two here, and work the rest of the days at home, at the education center, family club, visiting a tutor. That is, as the parents decide.

Here is an example. Mom teaches correspondence courses. Grades are based on the work done at home, given by the teacher (mother brings notebooks to school). At school, the child writes dictations and tests. When classmates go to physical education or ORKSE, or during breaks, the child writes small tests and dictations. What is the benefit? The fact that children learn, and do not sit in the classroom, doing nothing. And this is very difficult for a child.

Or another example. Parents transferred the child to part-time education, because their child was often sick and the children did not like him. Seeing that he had lost interest in studying, dad and mom changed the uniform. As a result, the child gets enough sleep, does not suffer from bullying by classmates, does not get nervous, which is a huge homework not performed. This way of getting an education is more suitable for children who get tired and often fall ill.

However, here it is necessary to prepare for drawing up a clear daily routine, a flexible schedule (daily lessons, but if suddenly the weather is not right or the child is tired, all this can be done tomorrow).

Here, parents should convey to the child the information that he is at “home schooling”, and not just resting at home, because he wants to.

homeworkers

Homeschooling is suitable for children who cannot go to school for health reasons. You need to confirm this with a doctor's note. The teacher, if the child is not able to attend classes, studies with him at home. Each class has its own norm of hours - 8-12, depending on the class.

Alas, not every teacher can come home. And then the children do not receive knowledge on this subject. Without hearing the answers of the guys with whom they could learn, these students do not have the opportunity to learn from the mistakes of others. In addition, they depend on the level of professionalism of the teacher and what kind of personal relationship will develop with him. But in principle, parents consider the system flexible, allowing to take into account the capabilities of children and so on.

distance workers

With distance learning, children do not attend school, receiving assignments and sending them by e-mail, meeting with teachers on Skype. Who benefits from this form? Disabled children, especially from the outback, where they cannot turn to qualified help, including a psychologist, speech therapist, defectologist.

It is not very pleasant that children are absolutely isolated from their peers.

Summary

Well, the scope of the law has extended to many forms of alternative education. Which to choose? It depends on the characteristics of each child and family. By choosing the right approach, you will definitely benefit. The child learns without going to school, while gaining knowledge and realizing himself more widely!