Dzerens in Transbaikalia. Dzeren Mongolian is a fast and graceful gazelle: photo, video and description. What is Mongolian

Niramin - Dec 3rd, 2015

The graceful, swift steppe wanderer dzeren (Procapra gutturosa) is found in Eastern Mongolia. In winter, during the period of roaming, it wanders into Southern Transbaikalia. Herds, sometimes reaching up to 1 thousand heads, are constantly moving. In a day, gazelles sometimes travel hundreds of kilometers. And only childbirth stops females for a short time.

The steppe antelope, “goiter gazelle”, as the gazelle is also called, can reach up to 1.5 m in length and weigh up to 30-40 kg. They have a very short, fluffy, light tail and original lyre-shaped horns. At night, the eyes of females glow greenish-yellow, those of males - reddish-yellow. The voice resembles a jerky fox barking. This gazelle prefers to eat grassy plants, in drought it does without water, it is quite satisfied with the moisture contained in the grass it eats.

The species disappears - it is listed in the Red Book.

Dzeren runs at a gallop, periodically bouncing high up.

Once in the Matad steppe, the density of newborn dzren per 1 km2 was 25 individuals. Then, about 20 thousand females gathered together in a kind of "maternity hospital".

In male gazelles, from the sides of the upper lip grow long hair very reminiscent of a mustache.

Graceful gazelles easily pick up speed up to 60 - 65 km / h.

Dzerens are true defenders of nature. These animals do not completely destroy plants, so the steppe vegetation can be reborn more than once a year.

In the photos below you can see what the dzerens look like:

Photo: Dzeren Mongolian

Video: Trailer for the film "Run, zeren, run!"

Video: Wolves and gazelles Wolf vs Mongolian gazelle

V.E. Kirilyuk
(Daursky biosphere reserve, Chita region)

In January 2001, a massive migration of gazelle gazelle from Mongolia to Southeastern Transbaikalia, unseen for several decades, took place. Unfortunately, it was accompanied by an equally large-scale extermination of animals. This event was widely covered in the media mass media. An appeal was made to environmental organizations and the public for help. A lot of people responded. Later, the media have already talked about the threat of foot-and-mouth disease carried by gazelle. Then interest in the problem subsided. What happened in the last half year?

Causes and nature of migration

The migration of dzerens to the Chita region was by no means unexpected. During last decade during seasonal movements, herds of these antelopes approached the line of engineering and technical structures (ITS) about once every two years - a barbed wire fence on the border with Mongolia. Such a barrier exists only to the east of the Torey Lakes (see the map on p. 29). However, gazelle migrations were directed only in this direction. Animals used to come here in winter months when there is a slight movement of herds on pastures, and did not try to pass the fence. The only exception was the 1994/95 season, when the animals tried to go deep into the Russian territory.

Winter 1999/2000 migratory herds in November, for the first time in the last, at least ten years, moved en masse to the left bank of the river. Uldzy and in mid-January went 10-15 km into Russia to the west of the Torey lakes. There are no barriers along the border. A large group penetrated our territory with its small part - 10,000 - 12,000 individuals. There was no directed migration, but a gradual radial dispersal of herds over winter pastures after the rut.

In January 2001, judging by the speed, purposefulness and range of movements of herds, there was a real mass migration caused by extreme weather conditions. The impetus for migration was the snowfall on January 1-2. Dzerens, which gathered in large herds in a relatively small area after the completion of the rut, began to move rapidly in the northern, northeastern and eastern directions. Some herds by the beginning of migration were located 15–20 km from the Russian border. This determined their quick exit to Transbaikalia.

According to our very rough estimates, based on survey data and cursory records, 40-75 thousand individuals entered Russia. For two or three weeks they moved quickly on a broad front. The right flank of the migrating group was stopped by the ITS passing at some distance from the border. Herds of the left flank, moving trap with. Solovyovsk, where there is no ITS, penetrated deep into the Chita region for tens of kilometers. Separate groups of antelopes went 100-150 km. The migratory impulse turned out to be so strong that gazelles moved out of areas where the snow cover, although critical for the species, was small (10–11 cm), to areas with deep snow (20–30 cm). If there were no ITS line on the border, tens of thousands of dzerens of the right flank stopped by it would have passed into the little snow zone - south of the Nerchinsk ridge. During the movement, there was a successive settling of part of the herds. In the second half of winter, breaking up into small groups, unusual for this time of year, gazelles occupied a vast territory and did not move again until spring migration. In the snowy zone, animals inhabited biotopes that are atypical for the species, for example, the edge of a pine forest and fallows with forest belts.

Settlement price

As a result of migration, more than half a thousand dzerens settled on Russian territory. This is a great success for us and a real chance to restore the species in Transbaikalia. But what was the cost of this population?

Due to severe and prolonged frosts and lack of food, covered with snow, a huge number of gazelles died from exhaustion and hypothermia. Moreover, along the ITS, mortality was an order of magnitude higher. This is due to overcrowding and exhaustion. forage base, increased stress and other reasons. According to the official report, about 5,200 corpses were collected along the border for destruction, but in reality, apparently, there were up to 6,500 of them. wounds.

Poachers inflicted huge damage gazelles. And before, each entry of even a few hundred heads was accompanied by their rapid extermination. Local population always perceived the appearance of antelopes as a good opportunity to shoot and get "no one's" meat. That is why, having assessed the scale of migration, we took all the measures we were capable of, including asking for help. By mid-February, the barbaric extermination of gazelles was stopped, but the poachers managed to shoot a lot. According to our estimates, from 2 to 5 - 6 thousand heads were harvested. Thus, about 9-12 thousand dzerens died on Russian territory.

The total damage of the population that came to us, inhabiting the territory north of the river. Kerulen, was huge. In the summer, before the new breeding season, we conducted a survey. Compared to September 2000, the population has decreased by 90-100 thousand or 40-45%. Probably in China, the livestock suffered even more damage than in Russia. The natural case within Mongolia was also considerable. Poaching is not as widespread here due to the low population.

How we guarded the gazelle

After a wide coverage of the problem, concern for the dzeren was shown at all levels of government. Even more, even unexpectedly active, was the support of environmental funds, organizations and ordinary people. Urgent assistance - financial and informational - was provided by International Foundation Animal Welfare, World Foundation wildlife, Greenpeace Russia, Wildlife Conservation Center and others. George Schaller (Wildlife Conservation Society) responded immediately. Private donations came from different cities Russia - Nadym, Magadan, Tver, Khabarovsk, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tula, Saratov and others. I was especially touched by the help of children - the children's club "Soroka" from Slobodsk transferred 138 rubles. In total, about 190 thousand rubles were received from January to May. Almost all the money was transferred or transferred (by representatives of organizations) to the Chita regional hunting department and used to pay for gasoline and spare parts. Approximately the same amount was allocated in the region - for air registration (120 thousand rubles) and assistance to the reserve (50 thousand rubles).

This money allowed us to establish more or less effective security. Two weeks after the mass entry of antelope, up to 6-7 inspection vehicles were on duty at the same time, special control was carried out at police posts, and the population received a clear warning through the media about preventing the extraction of gazelle. The best way hunters and specialized teams of the hunting department coped with their task, one of which was specially created in December to work in steppe zone, including for the protection of dzeren. A huge merit in connecting hunting supervision and law enforcement, and also in the organization of aerial accounting belongs to the head of the hunting department Nikolai Konstantinovich Ivanov. Not bad, although not with full dedication, the Daursky Reserve worked out - the war between the team and the director, which was raging at that time, prevented.

In total, 13 criminal cases were initiated for shooting dzerens. Almost all poachers caught red-handed have been punished (at least they paid 5,000 rubles of a lawsuit for each individual). At first glance, against the backdrop of the scale of poaching, there are not so many detainees. It is a very difficult task to catch a poacher's car in the steppe, especially if you have to dig out your "UAZ" from the snow while chasing. The effectiveness would be higher if the police treated poachers as seriously as other criminals. Nevertheless, we have achieved the main thing - comprehensive attention to the problem of the authorities and the presence "at the scene" a large number environmental services for a short time reduced poaching to almost nothing. Later, in March, people were frightened with foot-and-mouth disease, which never happened. And this also had its effect, although our people are not very afraid of the threat of an epizootic.

The situation in Transbaikalia in the summer and autumn of 2001

By the beginning of calving in the vicinity of the Torey lakes, that is, in the reserve and around it, there were about 300 gazelles. At least 200 - 300 more individuals were in the sparsely populated border zone, mainly to the east of the Torey lakes. Near the reserve, mostly in the buffer zone, more than 150 cubs were born. 3 - 4 new "maternity hospitals" appeared - places for group calving of females. All large, by Russian standards, groups of dzerens are constantly monitored. This is helped by radio transmitters installed on three cubs in the first days after birth. According to our data, until the beginning of October, gazelles were sedentary life. The habitats of marked individuals from July to September ranged from 30 to 40 km2. In early October, more extensive migrations (for 10-30 km), characteristic of this time of year, began.

In Mongolia, the northern Kerulen population, which invaded the Chita region last winter, is again migrating towards the Russian border. By the second half of September, the migratory herds had gone further than usual and were already 100 km from Russia.

Protection in the reserve, finally, works more efficiently than ever. Considering that gazelles do not inhabit the reserve itself, but the protected zone around it and the adjacent hunting grounds, as well as the high mobility of these animals, we, in close cooperation with the hunting supervision, took control of a vast territory. Inspection of the reserve and previously carried out raids outside its borders. Now, together with the hunting inspection, reinforced by a new raid group, effective protection is being carried out on the area of ​​one and a half to two administrative districts, which is an order of magnitude more area the nature reserve itself. In this regard, the number of hunters who purchased hunting tickets and permits in the Onon region has increased dramatically, and the number of violations of hunting rules has also sharply decreased. Constant stationary duty in key areas and raids have reduced to a minimum not only attempts to hunt gazelle, but also all other violations. No violations - no protocols. What will the Moscow authorities say? But, in general, this is not the main thing. The main thing is whether people will be able to “herd” gullible animals for months (which is not as interesting as “hunting” hardened poachers) and whether there will be enough funds for such intensive work.

Hunting for gazelles is too easy and tempting, their numbers are too small. But, only by preserving the livestock, that is, if possible, each individual, one can hope for the restoration of the species. Further it will be easier. The population is beginning to get used to the fact that gazelles are not aliens, but our Transbaikal animals.

What needs to be done to restore the species in Russia

First of all, it is necessary to keep the effectiveness of security measures at the same level and further. To do this, the reserve alone needs an additional 30 - 40 thousand rubles every month. While we are looking for these funds. Assistance is currently being provided by the Large Herbivore Initiative World Fund Wildlife (LHI WWF) has been supported by an urgent grant from the Global Green Fund (GGF), which will help keep us going until early next year. However, this, although extremely timely, is really urgent help. Funds are needed to implement a comprehensive program that would achieve a long-term effect. We very much hope that such an application, approved Russian representation WWF will also find support in the higher structures of the fund. Of no small importance will be the implementation of the project “Preservation of the steppe and wetland complexes of the Daurian ecoregion”, which is taking place last stage consideration in UNDP and GEF. We very much hope that the interest expressed in the region in the conservation of gazelle will materialize. After all, this species of antelope is not only the former pride of the Daurian steppes, but also a wonderful object for showing tourists, in addition to our bird paradise.

Today, there are all the prerequisites for a multiple increase in the number of the species in Transbaikalia - the basic reproducing livestock, undeveloped habitats favorable for gazelle. Establishing reliable security, providing it with everything necessary, is a matter of honor. And in addition to security and promotional activities, we plan to create a nursery for the semi-free keeping of young animals imported from Mongolia, with the subsequent admission of some individuals to existing free herds and the formation of a reserve breeding stock in the nursery itself and in a number of zoos.

The presence of a well-protected vast territory near the border, with local gazelle living on it, will significantly reduce the danger for tens of thousands of individuals that may again come to us from Mongolia. We are monitoring this migration step by step and in the event of the appearance of zeren at the border, we will be more prepared. At our suggestion, veterinarians will travel with us to Mongolia and conduct a preliminary examination of migrating individuals, which will allow, if necessary, to carry out barrier vaccination of farm animals in advance. The mechanisms for monitoring and reducing the dangers for transboundary migrations of dzeren being developed within the framework of the Dauria International Russian-Mongolian-Chinese Reserve are one of the real examples demonstrating Russia's participation in relevant international agreements.

Contact:
Kirilyuk Vadim Evgenievich.
State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Daursky".
674480 Chita region, Onon district,
from. Lower Tsasuchey, st. Ononskaya, 5.
Tel.: (302-52) 7 15 59.
Email: [email protected]
[email protected](for Kirilyuk)

Dzeren(second name goiter antelope) is a small steppe ungulate animal from the bovid family. It is included in the list of animals of the Red Book of Russia. It has a status: the species is almost completely extinct in Russia.

Appearance of the dzeren

Dzeren- medium-sized, slender and light antelope. The body length is a maximum of one and a half meters, usually less. The height at the withers is slightly more than half a meter, weight 25-30 kg.

The legs are quite thin, but strong and hardy, thanks to which the gazelles can cover very long distances. Males differ from females in the presence of a protruding larynx - goiter. They are also distinguished by the presence of horns.

The horns of the gazelles are small, up to 30 cm long, and they are slightly curved. Females never have horns. The horns are dark at the base and become lighter towards the end. The color of the dzeren is almost completely monochromatic: sandy yellow. Only the lower abdomen is slightly lighter.

The tail is small, about 10 cm long, very mobile.

Dzeren habitats

Lives in Mongolia and China. Prefers flat steppes and semi-deserts. Sometimes it enters foothill plateaus and uplands. Even at the beginning of the 20th century, their number in Russia was quite large.

Dzerens lived in Gorny Altai, Tuva and Eastern Transbaikalia (in the Chita region). Once there were thousands of herds of these animals. Unfortunately, in Lately note only a very rare appearance of solitary gazelles and their small groups in these territories, where they enter during migrations from the Mongolian steppes.

Character and behavior of dzeren

gazelles- herd animals. The number of individuals in the herd can reach several hundred and even thousands. These antelopes are very active and constantly move from one place to another, overcoming long distances. Dzerens graze and move to a new place mainly in the mornings and evenings, and rest the rest of the time.

Dzerens feed on grass and various cereals. Moreover, the source of water in their habitats may be absent, since in favorable seasons they lack the moisture contained in the succulent grass. In dry years, gazelles have to move not only in search of some food, but also in search of water. In winter, it is quite difficult for them to get food from under the snow, especially if it is covered with a crust of ice, so at this time they often starve and live in poverty.

The number of dzeren individuals

According to scientists, an approximate total strength gazelles are currently about 1 million individuals. Most of them live in the steppes of Mongolia, a much smaller number lives in China.

In Russia, gazelles have almost completely disappeared. This happened due to the plowing of the steppes, the development of sheep breeding in their habitats. The emergence of cars and motorcycles also played a negative role: if earlier a person could not catch up with this fast antelope, which develops speeds of up to 75-85 km / h, now hunting for them has turned into some kind of fun. Dzerens died not only from bullets, but also under the wheels of cars, and they were also nervous and suffered from constant anxiety. Also, their numbers declined sharply during the years of the Great Patriotic War when they were actively shot for meat harvesting.

In 1961, hunting them was completely banned. But so far this has not led to any positive results.
The natural reasons for the decline in the number of gazelles are snowy and cold winters, as well as predators.

The main enemies of the zeren are wolves and wild cats. Birds of prey and foxes are also dangerous for young animals.

Breeding dzeren

The rut starts at the end of November and goes until the beginning of January. Males separate from the herd and stay a little apart. After some time, females join them and harems are formed, consisting of 1 male and 5-10 females. Fights for females are rare in gazelles. Pregnancy lasts approximately 6 months. The young are born in early to mid-summer. The female has one or two cubs. Dzeren become sexually mature after one and a half to two years.

Dzeren protection

Dzeren - an endangered species, which is currently practically not found on the territory of Russia. Periodically, he is seen in the Daursky Reserve and its environs. To restore its numbers in Russia, it is necessary to develop a program for the protection and monitoring of gazelle, ensure its free migration across the border, and conclude an agreement on the protection and protection of gazelle between Mongolia, China and Russia.

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In the southeast region Gorny Altai inhabit steppe antelopes called zeren. They come to this area for the winter from Mongolia and China, when they go in search of food. Partially, the population lives on the territory of these countries also settled.

Dzeren is a small, light and slender animal. Males in height from 0.6 to 0.8 m, their weight is 30-40 kg. Females are always smaller in size. Also, males are distinguished by the presence of small horns and a more developed larynx, which acts as a goiter from the bottom of the neck. For this reason, the dzeren is also known as the "goiter antelope". The horns are 25-28 cm long. They are smooth at the top, yellowish in color, slightly curved inward, in the middle with a backward bend, dark gray at the base, with 20-25 thickening ridges. The tail is short, up to 10 cm long, with a small light spot around it. Legs are thin and strong. The hooves are small, so the animals are not adapted to shoveling snow. Even a layer of snow 20 cm thick is a serious obstacle for dzeren to move and get food.

The coat of both males and females is colored the same: the body is sandy-gray on top, much lighter below and behind, the belly is almost white. Winter fur is more gray, 30-50 mm long, summer fur is shorter and darker.

Like other herbivores, the gazelle feeds on herbs and various cereals. Sources of water are not necessary for him, since the animal usually has enough moisture, which is contained in succulent grass. Only during dry periods, dzerens move both in search of food and in search of water. IN winter period animals begin to get food from under the snow cover, especially if it forms a crust, for this reason antelopes often go without food and starve.

Earlier, gazelle was distributed in the Altai Mountains, Tyva and Eastern Transbaikalia (Chita region). In former times, thousands of herds of gazelles could be found there. Unfortunately, only extremely rare solitary appearances of the animal or its small groups are now noted in these areas, during migrations from the Mongolian steppes. The Mongolian gazelle lives in the steppes and semi-deserts of Mongolia and China. It is very rare in Russia, listed in the Red Book.

Common types of Mongolian gazelle

Two subspecies are known for the Mongolian gazelle:

• Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa gutturosa) – nominative subspecies;

• The Altai gazelle (Procapra gutturosa altaica) is distinguished by a slightly darker coat color, broad skull, large molars and widely spaced horns, but otherwise resembles the nominate subspecies; distributed in Altai.

Since the morphological differences between these subspecies are very small, researchers often do not distinguish them and do not distinguish them.

Mongolian gazelle is characterized by sexual dimorphism. First, males are always larger than females. Secondly, they have small horns and a more developed larynx, which looks like a goiter on the neck.

Well-pronounced migration is typical for dzerens. IN summer period they live in dry steppes and semi-desert areas of Mongolia and northern China, preferring gentle mountain slopes and flat terrain. In winter, large herds of gazelle from the north migrate en masse to the snow-free steppes of Altai and Transbaikalia, while they travel 150-200 km per day. But, by the 70s of the 20th century, such movements of the species across Transbaikalia had practically ceased, and only in last years slowly began to recover.

The Mongolian gazelle is a very hardy and agile animal. When there is a lot of food in the summer, the herd masters large territories several hundred square kilometers. In winter, gazelles are even more mobile, they stay in one place for up to 1-2 days and cover tens and hundreds of kilometers per day. Such mobility enables gazelles to constantly provide themselves with food, except in cases of extreme weather conditions. Dzeren runs fast, develops a speed of about 70-80 km / h. The second significant feature of this antelope is that it tends to form large herds of several tens of thousands of individuals.

The mating season for the Mongolian gazelle takes place in December-January. At the same time, adult males beat off females from herds (about 5 to 10) to form their own "harems", and protect them along with their personal territory. Males are very active, move a lot and make special “barking” sounds. But they rarely fight for females. The duration of pregnancy is about six months. Babies are born in early or mid-summer. The female gives birth to one or two cubs. Dzeren reach sexual maturity at the age of 1-2 years.

The natural reasons for the decrease in the Mongolian gazelle population are very snowy and frosty winters, as well as predators. The main enemies in nature for this species are wolves and wild cats. Youngsters are attacked predator birds and foxes.

Besides, mass death gazelle is associated with poaching, adverse weather conditions, displacement by domestic animals in the foothills, where there is little food. All these reasons led to the inclusion of the species in the Red Book of Russia, with the assignment of the status of the 1st category, that is, as a species in danger of extinction.

• Mongolian gazelle is an endangered species, which is now practically not found in Russia. Sometimes individual individuals can be seen on the territory of the Daursky Reserve and not far from it. The population of this species is currently estimated at about 1,000,000 individuals, most of which live in the steppes of Mongolia, and a smaller part in China.
• On the territory of Russia, dzeren disappeared almost completely. This is due to the plowing of the steppes, the development of sheep breeding in the places of their life. The emergence of cars and motorcycles also had a negative effect: earlier people they were simply not able to catch up with the fast and agile gazelles, which reached speeds of up to 75-85 km / h, but now hunting for them has become a kind of fun and entertainment. Dzerens died from bullets, they were crushed by cars, in addition, the animals were nervous and worried. The population size sharply decreased during the Great Patriotic War, then they were actively hunted for the purpose of harvesting meat. In the second half of the 20th century, hunting for gazelle was banned. But there are still no positive results in the state of the population.

MONGOLIAN DZEREN (Procapra gutturosa), a mammal of the bovid family, one of 3 species of the genus living in Central Asia. Included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, Red Data Book of the Chita Region and Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug as an endangered species.

A small antelope of dense build on thin legs. The head is large, with a high facial part. Winter coloration of the body is sandy-gray with a light belly and a “mirror”, in summer the general background is yellowish-sandy. Males have lyre-shaped horns 20-29 cm long. In size, gazelles are similar to Siberian roe deer, but more massive and not so long-legged. Males have a height at the withers of 73-80 cm, and at the sacrum 75-83 cm, females are 2-4 cm lower. In autumn, the mass of males reaches 32-47 kg, females - 26-34 kg.

The southeast of Transbaikalia is the only place in the country where gazelles live permanently, in addition, herds of migrants coming from Mongolia often appear here in winter. In other parts of the country, gazelles are not found, although as early as the end of the 20th century. their visits to the steppe regions of Tuva and Altai were noted, and until the middle of the 20th century. they lived there permanently. There are still many gazelles in Mongolia, where they live mainly in the east. In China, the species has almost disappeared, although during the years of extreme migrations, antelopes sometimes penetrate there from Mongolia, overcoming wire fences built along the border.

The main habitats of the species are steppes. Antelopes occupy all types of steppe landscapes, do not avoid fallows and mowing, in winter they are found in forest belts, on forest edges. When visiting watering places, they enter floodplain shrubs and reed beds. Dzeren is a highly herd animal, with a high population it often forms herds of up to 3-5 thousand individuals, for a short time gathering up to 30-50 thousand heads. but most years they live in smaller herds - from several tens to several hundreds. In summer - during the calving period, as well as during the rut, they are divided into small groups and are often found singly. The race takes place in December. By the beginning of the rut, males drive out immature youth from the herds and divide plots and females among themselves, forming harem groups. Cubs appear, as a rule, in the last decade of June - the 1st decade of July. For breeding, females gather each year in the same relatively small areas, called "maternity hospitals" by scientists. Each female brings one cub, twins make up only 2-4%. Females become sexually mature at 1.5, and males at 2.5 years. During the summer, while the cubs are growing, gazelles live near the "maternity hospitals", gradually gathering in large herds. In September - October, seasonal migrations begin or, if the herds are very large, long-distance migrations, during which the animals go far from their summer habitats. The range of such movements can reach 300 km or more. Seasonal movements of gazelles allow them not only to use pastures extremely economically, but also to settle, finding Better conditions for life in extreme periods.

In the Trans-Baikal Territory, the main outpost of habitat for gazelles is Daursky Reserve. Here they are after total extermination in the 1960s and 70s, reappeared in the early 1990s. and began to multiply. Thanks to the reserve, some of the migrant gazelles who came from Mongolia in the harsh January 2001 survived on Russian territory. Of the 40-70 thousand antelopes that entered Transbaikalia, about 1-1.5 thousand remained by summer by the summer. The rest died or returned to Mongolia. Initially, the number of migrants fell, but since 2003 it has stabilized and started to grow. By this time, Mongolian dzeren were practically gone outside the Daursky Reserve. In the autumn of 2008, more than 1100 dzerens already lived in the reserve and its immediate surroundings. By this time, about 8-8.5 thousand more individuals settled to the east of the reserve. Antelopes migrated from Mongolia due to drought. These events initiated work on the creation in the southern part of Transbaikalia and Borzinsky districts of the federal reserve "Dzeren Valley". In order to restore the species in other parts of Transbaikalia and the country, as well as to form a genetic reserve, it is extremely necessary to create a semi-free herd of dzerens by building a large enclosure complex for this.

In Transbaikalia, the Mongolian gazelle has been known since ancient times and was more often called "zeren", sometimes "gazer", "zeren" or "throated antelope".