What animals live in the tundra? Life in the tundra in winter and summer. Local population or inhabitants of the tundra, video, film

The boundless inhospitable expanses of the tundra, where even an animal is not often seen at a distance of several days, have become a home for the most enduring and strong peoples of the North. Since ancient times, Chukchi, Eskimos, Nenets, Koryaks, Sami, Evenks, Nganasans, Aleuts, etc. have lived and worked here, engaged in hunting and fishing, give birth to children and bury old people. The total population does not exceed 300 thousand people.

Off the coast Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea, on the Alaska Peninsula, the Eskimos live along the Yukon River. Once they lived in more southern latitudes, but the Indian tribes gradually forced them to the very edge of the Earth. However, the Eskimos managed to adapt to the cold arctic climate. They hunted fur seals, walrus seals, whales, beluga whales. On land, beavers, sables, ermines, wolverines and foxes were the main prey. The main breadwinner for them was the caribou.

Unlike the Eskimos of the Old World, they did not have domesticated deer. The prey was transported on sleds pulled by dogs. The Eskimos created the most advanced hunting weapon for sea ​​animal- a harpoon, a hunting boat - a kayak, a dwelling made of snow - an igloo, a fat lamp for cooking, heating and lighting the dwelling. They traded among themselves and with the Chukchi. But over time, American and European merchants began to appear in these lands, bringing tobacco, clothes made of fabrics, knives, vodka, which were exchanged with local residents for fur. Hunting intensified, which led to the extermination of marine animals, as well as land animals - beavers, ermines, sables. The Eskimos became poorer, especially after the destruction of the caribou. A similar picture was observed in real life. northern peoples Eurasia.

The igloo is the home of the Eskimos made of snow.

The Chukchi belong to the Arctic variety of the Mongoloid race. Chukchi's mother tongue modern life replaced by the Russian language is lost. The rich experience of their ancestors taught the Chukchi to make tundra dwellings - yarangas, clothes in which you can sleep in the snow, torbasy - light, warm boots made of kamus (the skin of the lower part of the deer leg), the sole of which is the skin sea ​​hare. It was experience that taught the Chukchi not to wash their faces. There is a lot of ultraviolet in the tundra, and the fatty layer protects the face from burns, so they do not wash it off. The life of the Chukchi is unthinkable without deer. This is their food, home, clothing, means of transportation.

IN Russian zone The tundra is inhabited by Nenets, Saami, Nanai, Chukchi, Koryak Evenks, Eskimos and other few peoples who are trying to preserve traditional crafts and economy. Most of them lead a nomadic or semi-nomadic way of life, engaged in reindeer herding, fishing and hunting. In the summer they pick mushrooms and berries. Modern development industry in the northern regions is gradually ousting small peoples from inhabited territories, modifying economic activity and way of life.

The Nenets are the inhabitants of the tundra.

Without deer, life in the tundra is unthinkable.

The harsh world of the tundra is beautiful, rich and attractive. In Russia, this natural zone covers the territory from Kola Peninsula and extends to Chukotka. Outside of our country, it is located in the northern part of Eurasia and North America.

Life in this icy desert without forests, with frozen ground, strong winds seems impossible. But even here the world is surprisingly resilient and diverse. Names of tundra animals became symbols of power, fearlessness, insight, strength, beauty: wolf, walrus, peregrine falcon, owl, swan.

Mammals of the tundra

Reindeer

One of the most amazing tundra animals think . Thanks to this powerful animal, man mastered the North. Unlike domesticated relatives wild representatives larger. Males and females have large horns.

Deer live in communities of several thousand heads. For decades, their migration paths have remained unchanged. Long routes, up to 500 km, are overcome by animals in seasonal nomad camps.

Wide hooves are adapted for movement in the snow. Recesses in them in the form of a scoop allow you to rake the snow cover in search of food. Deer swim beautifully, overcoming water barriers.

Moss or reindeer moss, which they are looking for under the snow, has become the basis of animal nutrition. The diet includes berries, herbs, lichens, mushrooms. To maintain the mineral-salt balance, deer eat a lot of snow or drink water. For the same purpose, they gnaw the horns of their brothers or their own.

The next day, a born deer runs after its mother on its own. Before the onset of severe cold weather, the baby feeds on mother's milk, and then, along with adults, they fight for survival in conditions wildlife. Among fauna of the tundra deer have almost no enemies. It poses a danger to weakened individuals and deer.

On the picture reindeer

tundra wolf

But it's small prey. Wolves will feast if they defeat a deer cub or a weakened individual. Natural caution, strength and cunning are impressive: a flock goes through the snow track after track, as if just a lone animal left prints.

Pictured is a tundra wolf

Blue (white) fox

Beautiful and multi-layered fur, up to 30 cm long, saves animals from frostbite. The eyes produce a special pigment to protect against blinding light in a snow-white space.

Blue (white) fox

Wolverine

One of the indigenous Russian tundra animals is a beast like little bear. original. With a clumsy and clumsy gait, they are flexible and agile, like their relatives in the weasel family.

Coarse wool is unique in structure: it never sticks together and does not get wet. For constant movement, the wolverine was nicknamed the tramp. Promiscuity in food helps to survive in harsh conditions. If the prey cannot be caught up, then the beast starves it out, pursuing it until exhausted.

Pictured is a wolverine

white hare

Among animals of the tundra and forest tundra I have chosen bushy areas where you can hide and feed yourself. They live in groups of up to 20 animals, sometimes larger.

They take shelter from the cold in dug shelters. 20% of an animal's weight is body fat. Warm fur protects against low temperatures. The main diet includes moss, bark, algae.

musk ox

The animal has an unusual appearance, adapted to survive in the most severe conditions. Long thick coat to the ground, a massive head and rounded horns are the main features.

They live in organized herds. Despite external slowness, they can run up to 30 km / h. A defensive circular stance is known, inside which females and calves are hidden. These animals are herbivores. They feed even on scarce dry plants extracted from under the snow.

Lemmings

Small rodents similar to are known for their extraordinary fertility. How have tundra animals adapted? to harsh conditions, so adapted to constant extermination. They are called live scales, which measure the satiety of predators. For the coloring of the fur, they received the second name of the northern pied.

Lemmings feed continuously, eating twice their weight per day. Activity is manifested around the clock, rodents do not fall into hibernation. Their regime is a continuous alternation of an hour of feeding and two hours of sleep.

Overpopulation in the territory makes it nomadic. The distribution of lemmings is a well-fed paradise for many other inhabitants of the northern latitudes. Lemmings hide in small minks with dug passages.

They gnaw bark, branches, old deer antlers, buds, eggshell. On the way, they overcome all obstacles: rivers, rocky hills, swamps. In the unrestrained movement, many die, but this does not affect the total number.

They are aggressive towards other animals. They may even attack large animal in vicious madness. Thanks to lemmings, the natural balance of the tundra is preserved.

Pictured is a lemming

Ermine

An animal with a long and thin body, short limbs adapted for climbing. Webbed feet help to move through the snow. In relatively warm time of the year with a brown-red coat and a yellowish belly, and snow-white in winter. Only the tip of the tail is invariably black.

The animal is a great swimmer. Feeds on rodents bird nests eating fish. The ermine does not make its own holes, it occupies other people's shelters after being eaten by rodents.

Shelter can be found among the roots of plants, in ravines. Settles near water bodies. It is difficult for the animal to survive, it has a lot natural enemies. Man exterminates animals for their valuable fur.

marine mammals

killer whale

Perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of the tundra. A thick layer of fat accumulates from high-calorie foods and protects in ice water. Smart socially developed animals. The large mass and size help to cope with sea lions,. For the severity and strength they are called killer whales.

Sea lion

The massive body of the pinniped animal has a streamlined shape, it moves perfectly in the water. On the land sea ​​lions move with support on four limbs.

In the ice element of the tundra, they are successful both in sea hunting and in open haulouts. Subcutaneous fat and thick fur protect the sea lion, which can dive to depths of up to 400 m and bask on the coast under the sun.

sea ​​lions

Seal

Several species of seals live in the tundra. The sea feeds them, and on land there is communication, reproduction. The structure is universal for life under water: the body has no protrusions, the openings of the nostrils and ears are closed.

Holding your breath for up to 1 hour while diving allows you to hunt and avoid surface predators, hiding in the water column. The front fins act like paddles, while the rear fins steer. Seal fur does not warm well, but subcutaneous fat protects well in tundra conditions. Animals even sleep in icy water.

Beluga whale

Protection of the beluga whale from cold and damage is in a thick layer of skin up to 15 cm and the same fatty lining. Absence of a fin on the back, streamlined stocky body help you stay safe in the water.

The depth of their immersion reaches 700 m. It is important to breathe air, so from time to time they break through the ice with a strong back winter time. If a thick layer has formed, then the animals may die.

Walrus

Larger than a seal in weight and size, reaches 5 m and 1.5 tons of weight. main feature- powerful tusks. They are needed to dig the bottom and extract shellfish, its main food.

He also needs such a weapon for self-defense. The giant is a predator; to enrich the diet, it can catch and eat seals. The longer the tusks, the higher the status of the walrus in social group.

On land, walruses feel more confident than other pinnipeds. They walk, not roll over from side to side. They help their brothers and take care of the walruses together.

Tundra birds

Swampy lowlands, numerous lakes, rivers, rich in fish, attract in spring those who come to feed. The tundra comes to life and is filled with din and screams. The noise of bird colonies and the roar of powerful tides are the sounds of the tundra.

A short warming contributes to the development of a huge number of bloodsucking insects, gives birds a chance to raise chicks and raise them on the wing before flying to the winter hut. Not all fly away, the most resilient have learned to adapt to the world of ice and snow.

White Owl

The bird is considered to be a permanent inhabitant of the tundra. She is very beautiful: white plumage is fluffy and tender to the touch. Expressive yellow eyes with sharp vision constantly look out for prey. The bird does not like trees, sits on high stones, ledges, bumps for viewing snowy plains.

Feature in eating only tidbits of prey. The rest goes to the less fortunate hunters. In the absence of food, it can starve for a long time. The nesting of owls depends on the availability of food. Abundance affects a large offspring. Feedlessness leaves birds without offspring.

ptarmigan

Perfectly camouflaged in the snow, and in the summer it changes color and becomes pockmarked, like the others. tundra animals. What kind in flight, few know. Rarely flies, but runs great. It digs snow holes in which it finds food and hides from enemies. Quiet beautiful birds- an object of hunting for many other inhabitants of the tundra.

tundra swan

In size, the smallest among waterfowl relatives. They feed on algae, fish and coastal vegetation. Grace, grace of birds have become symbols of beauty.

Created couples are inseparable all their lives. Large nests are built on high ground and are lined with their own feathers and those of other birds. The chicks are not left alone and are protected by strong wings and beaks.

Young growth grows stronger in 40 days. short summer hurry the birds. Lesser tundra swan is listed animals of the red book of the tundra. Shooting birds is prohibited.

Pictured are tundra swans

loons

The oldest birds that have survived to the present day. There are fewer and fewer places of their promise, and the birds cannot adapt to changes. They remember their territories for years.

Their life is connected with water bodies; on land they move with difficulty. A pointed beak, an elongated body and short wings are distinguished from ducks. Excellent divers for fish and in case of danger.

loon bird

Oatmeal crumb

Migrant. Settles in thickets of tundra shrubs, dwarf birch, occupying ground tiers. Recognizable by a reddish stripe with black edging along the crown. The singing is high and soft. Nesting sites change annually. They fly to China for the winter.

Pictured is a bunting bird

Sterkh (white crane)

large bird with a long red beak and high legs. The nests of the Siberian Crane can be seen in wetlands low-lying places. The conservation of birds is a difficult task due to their exactingness to certain conditions: aquatic environment with sticky soil. The voice is long and loud.

peregrine falcon

Big loves open areas, therefore, in the expanses of the tundra, they have extensive areas for nesting, up to 10 km from the neighboring one. They do not hunt in their territories, so other birds settle down next to them, finding protection from predatory birds, which the peregrine falcons chase away. Mating pairs of falcons last a lifetime.

Birds have their own style of hunting. They swoop down on their prey and grab it with their paws. Finish off with a beak only when necessary. They eat prey on stones, ledges, stumps, but not on the ground.

peregrine falcon

phalarope

Settles in lowland areas of the tundra, where lakes and numerous puddles accumulate. They feed on insects, mollusks, larvae, small living creatures. Like clockwork toys, the size of , they are constantly sorted out with their paws. Unlike other birds, they are not shy, they let them very close.

Caring for offspring through incubation rests with the male. After laying the eggs, the female flies away. The male, having fulfilled his parental duty, leaves the tundra with a group of brothers. The grown young flies to the winter hut on their own.

phalarope

Kamenushka

One of those birds that are able to spend the winter in the lifeless desert tundra. Bright ducks keep at the sea edge, shallow water, in polynyas. In summer, they move to fast rivers of the mountain tundra for nesting.

Stonebirds

Tundra Horned Lark

Among the first to arrive in the tundra. Thanks to the original pattern and two black horns, it is easy to recognize among the birds. The size of a large ruffled sparrow. They love to swim. They fly in pairs or small flocks. It nests in the tundra on the tops of hills. Singing is abrupt and sonorous.

Tundra Horned Lark

Animals that live in the tundra, many, but among them there are absolutely no reptiles. But the abundance of blood-sucking insects. There are 12 species of mosquitoes alone.

In addition to them, animals suffer from gadflies, midges, black flies. The lives of all living organisms depend on each other, maintaining an amazing balance in the tundra natural zone.

The world of the tundra is unusually harsh in its climate, but at the same time it has an attractive beauty. Its richness of landscapes is incalculable, and the animals, adapted to local conditions, amaze with their grace. The tundra is a natural ecosystem located in the north the globe. The zone where life flourishes is located in the central part North Pole. In winter, the temperature here fluctuates around -35°С, and in summer it does not rise above +12°С.

The totality of tundra ecosystems (biome) is actively developing, despite the difficult climatic conditions. The fauna of these places is full of great diversity. Animals spend a lot of time hibernating or looking for warmer regions.

Animals and plants of the tundra: list

The world of tundra flora is presented in a very poor way:

• Moss- a small shrub, not exceeding 5 cm in height. The plant does not have flowers and a root system at all. Moss absorbs a significant amount of water, which allows you to maintain a balance of fluid in the tundra.
• Lichens- relatives of microscopic fungi and algae. They are the main component in the diet of deer, which, due to a special enzyme, are able to digest them. Lichens also feed on insects and invertebrates.
• On the southern borders of the tundra regions grow dwarf birches and willows. In summer you can observe the flowering of buttercups, poppies and forget-me-nots. Berry plants bear fruit at the end of summer.

The fauna of the northern regions is not as diverse as in areas with warm climate but replete with the same lust for life. All animals in the tundra are perfectly adapted to cold winters, as they have thick coats. For each of them wise nature stored up a source of food, which allows you to maintain your own population. What animals live in the tundra, a world of cold and danger?

• Predators live here: arctic foxes, tundra wolves, ermines.
• You can see mammals: killer whale, sea lion, seal.
• The tundra sheltered a huge number of rodents: lemmings, ground squirrels.
• In this cold world thrive big beasts: polar bear, musk ox, elk and reindeer.

Let us describe some representatives of the fauna of the tundra.

Man, having made friends with this giant, mastered the extreme expanses of the earth. The wild reindeer is slightly larger than its domesticated counterpart. These animals live in communities of several thousand individuals. Their migration path always remains constant from generation to generation. In every nomadic season they cover about 500 kilometers.

The structure of their hooves is designed to move on loose snow cover. Special indentations on the limbs, shaped like a scoop, help the reindeer to get their own food (moss and reindeer moss). These beautiful animals swim well and easily cope with large bodies of water.

In the diet of reindeer, one can find variety of berries, herbs and mushrooms. These animals sometimes gnaw the horns of their fellow tribesmen in order to restore salt losses during migrations. The cubs are able to stand on their feet the very next day after birth and suck their mother's milk. A serious danger to weak individuals and newborns is the tundra wolf.

These tundra animals can be found throughout the Arctic region. Polar foxes are very fond of eating small rodents and feathered eggs. In difficult times, the arctic fox will not disdain even dead flesh. They may follow polar bears in the hope of feasting on the remains of their dinner. Berries and some herbs are also included in the diet of these tricksters.

Polar foxes build burrows for habitation and shelter. The slopes of small hills or the space on the banks of rivers are suitable for building sites. Burrows are equipped with several exits for unforeseen situations. Foxes are endowed with thick down on their paws and body, which helps them not to lose the necessary warmth in extreme weather conditions. The body of the fox is small, and the tail, on the contrary, is colossal. The polar fox uses it as an additional source of heat.

Wolf

The beast has incredible endurance: it can live for a whole week without any food and run about 20 kilometers per day. But when this animal of the tundra catches up with its prey, not even a claw will remain of it. Packed wolves hunt, and the roles of beaters and those who attack are strictly distributed. Wolves are endowed with an excellent sense of smell, a hearing aid and see perfectly at a considerable distance. A large flock preys on deer cubs or their weak individuals.

Wolves have unsurpassed strength and cunning. This beast tries to avoid humans. The female and male meet only once, during the mating season (early-mid-spring). However, they never cheat on each other.

This tundra animal belongs to the dolphin family, where it is the most major representative. sea ​​predator perfectly adapted to living in the harsh conditions of the Arctic.

The killer whale is distinguished by a great mind and ingenuity. Despite the fact that these mammals live in all the oceans of the planet, they still prefer cold waters.

Killer whales start migrating if there is a shortage of food in the tundra world. Predatory killer whales need an abundance of food, as the fat layer allows you to keep warm in the body. The diet includes:

• large seals;
• dolphins;
• small whales and sharks;
• squids, octopuses and turtles;
• rodents living in the seas and rivers.

Torso length adult reaches eight meters, weight is about seven tons. Killer whales are united in families numbering about fifty individuals. They are able to leave food for their relatives and do not leave the location of the pack for a long time.

Lemmings

These very small rodents have become known for their extraordinary fecundity, with which they make up for the permanent extermination of their own population by tundra predators. Lemmings are very voracious and eat twice their weight in food per day. They are distinguished by inextinguishable energy and do not fall into hibernation at all. Rodents eat for twenty hours, the rest of the time is devoted to short sleep.

Where there are plenty of these animals, huge populations of other tundra animals flock. Lemmings themselves roam to new places if the species has overpopulated the area. They live in small burrows with several exits.

Sea lion

The mammal is distinguished by small ears, wide and long front flippers, which are the main tool for moving in the aquatic environment. The body of a sea lion is covered with a thick coat of wool. The life span of an animal is 20 to 30 years.

Sea lions need a significant amount of food to survive. They feast on fish, representatives of cephalopods and bivalves. These animals can hunt at great depths due to the peculiarities of their physiology. Sea lions go to land to rest, bask in the sun and breed.

Save the tundra world

The flora and fauna of the northern regions is extremely vulnerable, so the human task is to ensure the safety of representatives of the Arctic latitudes. Today is being created more nature reserves, where animals listed in the Red Book are sent.

For arctic tundra very characteristic harsh winters with strong winds and short cool summer periods. Despite this, various animals live here.

ANIMALS SUSHI. Polar bear, musk ox, reindeer, wolf, arctic fox, white hare, gopher Parry, wolverine, lemming.

SEA CREATURES. Walrus, white whale, northern fur seal, harp seal
BIRDS . Raven, white and tundra partridge, loon, king eider, snowy owl, white goose, skua, tundra swan, arctic tern, crested lark, snow bunting.
PLANTS . Dwarf willow, dwarf birch, wild rosemary, cloudberry, Voronitsa, lingonberry, juniper, fescue, sedge, cotton grass, marsh heather, saxifrage, poppy, dryad, alpine sosuria, cinquefoil medium, powder puff, bearberry, Spoon grass, reindeer moss.
The tundra is located in the northern hemisphere. For most of the year, frosts rage here. Open spaces of the tundra, devoid of high vegetation, constantly blown by the winds.
LANDSCAPE Tundra. Pingos are domed hills of various sizes, usually from 2 to 23 m, with a depression at the top filled with water. These hills appear most likely after the drying up of small lakes and swampy areas.
River beds: flat depressions made of sand, gravel, silt and others natural materials left in the place of dry rivers. Some channels stretch, meandering, for many kilometers. Foxes and wolves live in dry riverbeds. Small animals here find protection from large predators.
Polygons: the surface of the swamp is divided into rectangles by cracks, formed as a result of constant freezing and thawing of the upper layer of the earth, and the cracks between them are filled with stones. The polygon sizes are very different. characteristic feature such terrain - low grassy vegetation.
Permafrost layer: Permafrost soils are developed everywhere. Permafrost creates an aquiclude and does not allow excessive moisture to seep into the depths, so the Arctic tundra is very a large number of swamps, interconnected by streams and water channels.
CLIMATE. arctic tundra stretches from the northern taiga to the ice-covered regions of the North Pole, between approximately 60° and 70° northern latitude. Throughout the year, the climate in the Tundra is cold. Even at the very warm month average temperature does not exceed 10°C.
Winters in the tundra very long and harsh. There is neither autumn nor spring in the tundra. Snow in the tundra is constantly accumulating, so at the end of winter it forms a rather thick cover. Most of This region is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Large regions are very long winter months not getting a ray of light. Snow melts only during the short Arctic summer. In summer, the sun does not set for several months. After the last snows have melted, the tundra is in full bloom. Not in the tundra tall trees, dwarf trees grow here, there is grassy vegetation, also mosses and lichens. Since the arctic summer is fleeting, plants must also go through their development cycle very quickly. In summer, the tundra, covered with water, turns into vast marshy spaces. Tundra- a very vulnerable climate zone.
OR DO YOU KNOW THAT...
Warm wind For many inhabitants of the Arctic tundra, it is much more dangerous than severe frost. If frosts return after the snow melts, the water covers the plants with a thick crust, preventing animals from getting to food.
Parry the ground squirrel is the only inhabitant of the tundra that hibernates.
The bear discovers pups in a shelter at a depth of one meter under the snow.
The Arctic tern annually covers a distance of 35,000 kilometers, flying from the Arctic Circle to the coast of Antarctica and back.
The musk ox can be content with 1/6 of the feed consumed by the cow.
TUNDRA FOOD CHAIN
Polar bear: at the top the food chain. Arctic foxes, predatory sea ​​birds, lemmings.
Predatory Skuas: like other seabirds, they prey on fish and crustaceans. In addition, they hunt lemmings.
Lemmings: feed on poor local vegetation. Every year they bring numerous offspring (up to 9 cubs in a litter). This is necessary for the survival of the population, since many animals become the prey of predatory animals and birds.

LIVING PLACE
The tundra is located in the northern hemisphere. It is located south of arctic zone . The tundra is a zone of permafrost, where the polar night is replaced by the polar day.
FAUNA AND FLORA
common tundra plants - these are dwarf trees, mosses and lichens, and some types of herbaceous plants. The fauna of the tundra is more diverse than the Arctic. Most of tundra animals leads sedentary life, some migrate, but not far. By the way, if you are interested in a presentation on any topic, then for you.

Tundra is called special kind natural areas located outside the forest vegetation. Tundra is an area with permafrost soil that is not flooded by river or sea ​​waters. Currently, the tundra is divided into three types - swampy, peaty and rocky. main feature this natural area is a swampy lowland in a harsh climate, strong winds and permafrost.

Animal world of the tundra

The coastal areas of the tundra are mainly occupied by small mammals: the Ob and Siberian lemmings, the Middendorff's vole, the housekeeper vole, the narrow-skulled vole, etc. Lemmings are small rodents with hooves at the ends of their limbs. Lemmings form the basis of the diet of tundra predators. It is curious that the number of predators directly depends on the number of these rodents. Both ermines and gyrfalcons enjoy lemmings with pleasure. These rodents, as well as mice and voles, make up the main diet of arctic foxes and snowy owls.

Arctic foxes are considered one of the most amazing animals of the tundra. In addition, they are the main element of fur production in the tundra, but not the only one. The fur world of the tundra is also diluted with wolverines, ermines and weasels. The southern part of the tundra zone is inhabited by foxes, whose fur is valued along with the fur of the arctic fox. You can also meet wolves in the tundra. They live mainly in places of accumulation of numerous domestic deer herds.

It is curious that most of the animals living in the tundra begin their activity with the first rays of the spring sun. In the spring, the tundra zone can not be recognized: they flock here for nesting, as swamps and lakes attract them with an abundance of food. In spring, the tundra is filled with the noise and cries of animals. Life at this time does not stop here for a minute - you need to do everything before the cold weather!

Reindeer, musk oxen, wolves and arctic foxes are amazing animals of the tundra that have managed to adapt to such harsh living conditions among snow and ice. Seals, polar bears, walruses do not differ from them. For example, walruses are tireless and frisky swimmers. They, like powerful torpedoes, cut through the thickness ice water. Walruses can not get out of this water for several days. This makes them one of the most amazing tundra animals.

The personification of power and endurance in the tundra is, of course,. It is rightfully called the master of the Arctic. This mighty and strong beast is considered the largest representative of terrestrial animals inhabiting the tundra zone of the Earth. Some individuals can reach one ton of weight. Huge clawed paws are its formidable weapons: with one blow, this predator can kill a seal or stun a harp seal.