What is the importance of the food industry in the life of society? food industry

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Introduction

Chapter1 . The role and importance of the food industry in a market economy

Chapter2 . Food security of Russia and the conditions for self-sufficiency of the country with the main types of products

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

The relevance of the topic of the work is as follows. Ensuring the food security of the country is one of the priority tasks of the state policy and depends on the efficiency of the functioning of the production sectors of the food complex, since it is through the food industry that food funds are formed and strategic food reserves are created. The state of the food market depends on the share of deep processing products in its structure. Not only the standard of living of the population, but also its physical survival depends on the volume of food production, their assortment, quality and price. Therefore, the food industry in the system of the national economic complex of the country (region) is rightfully attributed to the number of special strategic and socially significant industries.

In general, over the years of reforms, the situation in the food industry is characterized by a decline in the production of all basic food products, a significant reduction in the range of manufactured products, a crisis state of most enterprises, and aging of fixed production assets, especially their active part.

In the food industry of the Russian Federation, there are currently more than 30 sub-sectors, uniting about 15 thousand enterprises.

The purpose of the work is to give a general description of nutrition in the economy, and the tasks of the work involve analyzing the role of the food industry in the economy and characterizing its current state.

Chapter1 . The role and importance of foodeva industry in the marketeconomics

food industry The country is one of the largest industries, includes dozens of sub-sectors, united in four blocks: food flavoring, meat and dairy, fish and flour and cereal industries. These industries include more than 5.0 thousand large enterprises and 15 thousand small businesses specializing in the production of food products by processing both primary raw materials (sugar, fruits and vegetables, meat and dairy, flour and cereals, tobacco), and secondary (bakery, pasta, confectionery, distillery, brewery, etc.).

Due to the products of the food industry, food funds are formed by 80-85% and strategic food reserves are created in the country (canned food, dry mixes, etc.). A qualitative assessment of the domestic food market depends on the share of deep processing products in its structure. And, ultimately, not only the standard of living of the population, but also its physical survival depends on the volume of food production, their assortment, quality and price. Therefore, the food industry in the system of the national economic complex of the country is rightfully attributed to the number of special strategic socially significant industries that provide, together with agriculture food security, and through it - economic and national independence, ultimately - the statehood of the country. In this regard, ensuring food security in all countries is one of the priority tasks of state policy, even in comparison with the military one. Proceeding from this fundamental goal, it has historically developed that in all countries there is a constant search for new ways to ensure it, to improve the mechanism of relations between agriculture and the food industry through the formation of various regional associations and complexes.

The objective basis for the development of regional complexes is the division and cooperation of labor, as a result of which various types of activities are isolated as industries and sub-sectors, which leads to the concentration of a certain number of enterprises in the territory of each region. At the same time, a complex system of connections and relations between the participants in regional production appears, which determines the need for labor cooperation. But at the same time, simple cooperation does not mean that a complex has already been formed.

Simple cooperative ties between agriculture and industry have always existed, even A. Smith noted their stable presence.

A. Marshall, applying the concepts of "differentiation" and "integration" to economic relations claimed that a number of European countries at the beginning of the 20th century paved the way for a movement that seems promising for organized cooperation in the processing of dairy products, the manufacture of butter and cheese, in the purchase of farm equipment and the sale of farm products.

A.V. Chayanov in his works also substantiated the need to develop cooperative ties that unite the production, processing and sale of agricultural products.

The problems of cooperation and agro-industrial integration were considered in the works of K. Marx, F. Engels “the capitalist mode of production completes the break of that original .... union of agriculture and industry, which connects the infantile and undeveloped forms of both with each other. But at the same time, it creates the material prerequisites for a new, higher synthesis - the union of agriculture and industry.

In the domestic economic literature, the agro-industrial complex (AIC) as an object of study appeared only in the early 70s. Initially, the integrated set of agro-industrial activities was distinguished only at a formal, abstract-theoretical level. As agro-industrial integration deepened, it was further developed economic theory dedicated to the problems of the formation and functioning of the agro-industrial complex. However, as an integrated system and structural element The national economic complex of the agro-industrial complex was formed by the mid-80s. At the same time, an attempt was made to manage the agro-industrial complex as a whole, at the same time a scientific direction studies of the agro-industrial complex as a single diversified production and economic formation in the system of the national economy. The problems of its development, optimization of the structure of the agro-industrial complex and various integrated formations were considered by many prominent Russian scientists (S.A. Andryushchenko, A.A. Anfinogentova, V.R. Boev, A.G. Zeldner, E.N. Krylatykh, M.L. Lezina, A. A. Nikonov, V. A. Tikhonov and others). However, among them there was no single point of view regarding the definition of the agro-industrial complex and the principles for the formation of its spheres.

So, V.A. Tikhonov imagined the agro-industrial complex as a combination of a number of sectors of the national economy focused on the production of food and non-food commodities made from agricultural raw materials. Branches were united by him into several groups in accordance with the production functions performed.

The first group includes agricultural production and industries specializing in the manufacture of final products: food, non-food consumer goods, raw materials intended for export. It was considered a complex-forming core.

The second group includes capital-producing industries that provide this core with means of production of industrial origin.

The third group included industries that specialized in production services. It included: logistics and marketing, transport and communications, agrotechnical and veterinary services, operation of water management systems, i.e. all the functions of the agro-service that constituted the infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex, the sectors of the sphere of circulation (retail trade in food and some non-food products made from agricultural raw materials, the public catering system), ensuring the delivery of the end products of the agro-industrial complex to the consumer.

I.I. Salnikov considered the agro-industrial complex as economic category, reflecting the totality of economic relations associated with the production of agricultural products, their procurement, storage, processing and sale, united by a single goal - to satisfy the needs of the population in high-quality food products.

A.A. Nikonov considered the most general criteria for the formation and functioning of the agro-industrial complex to be the creation of an optimal structure that meets the requirements of proportionality of the agro-industrial complex, ensuring the achievement of the best final results.

E.N. Krylatykh considered the agro-industrial complex based on the content-semantic approach. Highlighted a targeted approach pointing to ultimate goal formation and functioning of the agro-industrial complex: subject, showing which commodities produced in the agro-industrial complex are emphasized, and structural, which determines the structure of the agro-industrial complex.

If we turn to the classification of the agro-industrial complex sectors that was in force in the country, then usually three main areas were distinguished in it, revealing the functional and sectoral cross-section.

The first sphere is a set of industries (sub-sectors) of industry that provide agriculture, light and food industries and other industries included in the agro-industrial complex with means of production. This also includes the agroservice industries serving agriculture.

The second sphere is directly agriculture, which includes the branches of plant growing and animal husbandry.

The third area - industries that process, store and sell products.

In addition to the functional - branch, Yu.G. Binatov identifies the following structural sections in the agro-industrial complex: territorial - production, associated with the social division of labor; technological, representing a set of technologically integrated industries for the production of final agricultural products; food and raw materials, in which grain, sugar beet, fruit and vegetable, wine-making, potato, meat, dairy and others stand out; organizational and managerial, including a set organizational forms and governing bodies.

In modern conditions, according to V.N. Kryuchkov, the following should be added to the listed sections: nature management, which reflects the levels of use of biological potential and methods of intensive impact on nature; socio-demographic, revealing stratification, age and sex composition; criminal law, including the legal, shadow, criminal branches of the economy.

In connection with the expansion of the necessary areas of research when considering the problems of the development of the agro-industrial complex, new concepts of "agro-system" appeared, which, unlike the agro-industrial complex, "represent an association of elements that give it properties that neither its elements nor their sum have." Briefly, the agrosystem can be characterized as a system of systems (agriculture, animal husbandry, land reclamation, etc.) that has a synergistic effect, i.e. self-organization effect. The regional agricultural system is considered as a set of parts of the agro-industrial production of the region, the close and stable relationship and interdependence of which form an organic reproductive integrity.

The regional agro-food system (agri-food sector) is "a complex of industries that are in relationships and connections with each other and perform food and nutritional functions in a given region."

In methodological terms, when considering regional agro-industrial complexes, it was recommended to clarify the composition of its industries, since, being part of the national economic agro-industrial complex, its territorial component does not include all spheres and industries. They are fully represented only at the national macro level. So, at the regional level (meso level), the first sphere of the agro-industrial complex is sharply narrowing, in many of them there is no tractor and agricultural machine building, machine building for the food and processing industries, etc. At the district level (micro level), not everywhere there is even their own processing industry, not to mention mechanical engineering, i.e., the lower the level of the regional agro-industrial complex, the, as a rule, less number industries form it, the higher it is, the greater the level of its complexity.

Some authors include in the APC forestry, light industry, processing agricultural raw materials (leather, flax), rural and road construction industries, transport and other organizations, trade, catering and consumer cooperation. As you can see, a generally recognized structure, a list of industries included in one or another area of the agro-industrial complex, and the principles of interaction between them have not yet been formed. Rather, it resembles an abstract formation that has been formed to a greater extent in economic literature than a real-life diversified association, all the more managed and planned from a single center.

Apparently, therefore, the management structure of Gosagroprom, created in 1986 on the basis of excessive centralization, overorganization, in the absence of real levers for managing the most complex diversified system, was recognized as inefficient and reorganized already in the early 90s. And although over the years of the existence of Gosagroprom, the departmental disunity of agriculture and the food industry was formally eliminated, the task of ensuring planning, financing and managing the agro-industrial complex as a whole, for which it was created, was not solved. Integration of agriculture and enterprises processing their raw materials did not take place, although the sectoral ministries of the food industry were liquidated.

In our opinion, in the conditions of the formation of market relations in the study of the problems of the development of the regional agro-industrial complex, the main thing is not so much in its sectoral composition, but in the presence of real-life relations that develop over the development of integrated formations and interaction between industries involved in production, processing, transportation, sales of the final products of the agro-industrial complex and the distribution of net income between them. However, we can assume that as a result of the transformations, there was an even greater disintegration of all branches of the agro-industrial complex, including agriculture and the food industry for the primary processing of agricultural raw materials.

If we consider the agro-industrial complex as an object of state regulation, then its mechanism (in 1986-1991) was reduced mainly to centralized subsidies, compensations for agricultural production and allocated capital investments in its areas with a high degree of profit taking and depreciation. However, the food industry former system The agro-industrial complex was assigned a secondary role, as evidenced by the ratio capital investments between agriculture and the food industry, which amounted to 10:1 (in the US - 1:13). It was during these years that stagnation began to be observed in the technical and technological level of development of almost all branches of the food industry. Currently, enterprises are independently adapting to market conditions in a constantly changing chaos of transformations and in the absence of any sectoral coordinating principle.

Therefore, in methodological terms, based on the realities of today, we consider it possible and expedient to consider the food industry as an independent industry (structure) in the system of the food complex of the country (region), by which we mean the totality of industries directly related to the production of food products (production of raw materials, its processing, storage and sale).

As a result of the long-term existence of a planned economy in Russia, an orthodox functional system of the food complex was formed, which was distinguished by a rigid determination of the channels for the movement of products along the entire technological chain (Fig. 1), when interconnected enterprises did not have the opportunity to choose channels for the sale of products and practically did not bear responsibility for the sale of their products , which, of course, was reflected in its quality. The role of food industry enterprises was outlined within a very limited space and powers: suppliers of raw materials in the face of purchasing government organizations and wholesalers distributing manufactured products. Subsidies paid from the state budget to support producers of raw materials and fixed wholesale and retail prices that were in force throughout the country destroyed the competitive environment, deprived enterprises of the opportunity to benefit from manufactured products and motivate the production process itself.

Rice. 1.1 - Scheme of interaction between food industry enterprises within the food complex in a planned economy

food industry economy

Over the years of reform, the institutional structure of the food complex has undergone significant changes. First, the independence of both food industry enterprises and raw material suppliers in terms of choosing the supply of their products has grown disproportionately. Secondly, structures that did not exist before appeared at all levels of food chains, the importance and role of many of them is growing quite quickly: food corporations, various intermediaries, private wholesale and retail trade enterprises, etc. The movement of commodity and cash flows became much more complicated and required a corresponding increase in financial resources for its maintenance, mainly due to short-term loans from commercial banks (Fig. 2).

Market transformations have radically changed and expanded the interaction of food industry enterprises with new market structures both within the country and abroad (near and far). In order to increase the efficiency of enterprises, almost all restrictions that remained in the planned economy have been removed. Enterprises have access to various markets that are rapidly emerging in the country (the market for means of production, raw materials, labor, stock, investment) and foreign markets. At the same time, the state of all branches of the food industry can be judged by the volume, quality and specific gravity of domestic products of deep processing in the food market of the country (region). Yes, in developed countries the share of products of deep processing in retail trade is 85-90%, in developing - 15-20%, in Russia - up to 30%.

Rice. 1.2 - The movement of commodity flows and funds of interconnected structures of the food complex in modern conditions

Chapter2 . Food security of Russia and the conditions for self-sufficiency of the country with the main types of products

Food security - comparatively new term, borrowed from the use of the UN. Previously, in our country, the food problem was considered in a different system of terms, mainly related to the military-strategic aspects of the food problem. Part of the aspects of the food problem, relating to the gross production of food raw materials and the economic availability of food for all categories of the population, the availability of the state food and material reserve and the crisis supply of the population with vital products, has been sufficiently resolved. In the same time recent decades The Soviet economy was characterized by an extreme imbalance in the consumer food market, associated with the policy of indefinite freezing of state retail food prices, which ultimately led to the disappearance of products from store shelves (limiting the physical availability of food) and the emergence of a shadow economy.

Russia's transition to the UN-FAO terminology, which is mainly focused on developing countries suffering from a constant shortage of food resources and massive malnutrition, is not so much an introduction to global standards, but a consequence of the systemic degradation of both the agri-food sector of the economy and society, in which malnutrition has become massive phenomenon.

In other words, the need for a new conceptual apparatus is connected mainly not with the transition to a market economy, but with Russia's rollback to the level developing countries. The total caloric intake dropped from 3350 kilocalories per day in 1990 to 2200 in the crisis year of 1998 - lower than the average for African countries. Data on food consumption per capita are now periodically provided. They are disappointing. The food basket is unlikely to provide a lower limit to the survival of the population.

Today, food security refers to the access of all people at any time to the food necessary for a healthy and active life. When food security is achieved, food is available in sufficient quantity, its supply is relatively stable, and everyone in need can get food. Accordingly, national food security is understood as such a situation in which all members of society actually enjoy the right to adequate food or food resources, and in principle there is the necessary amount of food. Achieving food security at the level household means ensuring an adequate quantity of food in a particular area, a relatively stable supply of food and guaranteeing that every person in need of food in a given area can obtain it in order to lead a healthy and productive life.

Sufficiency and continuity of food availability and access. The concept of sufficiency is of particular relevance in relation to the right to food, as it highlights a number of factors to be taken into account in determining whether a particular food item or diet can be considered as the most appropriate in the circumstances for the purposes of Article 11 Pact. The notion of sustainability is intrinsically linked to the notion of adequate nutrition or food security, as it implies the availability of food for both present and future generations.

Accessibility includes both economic and physical accessibility. Affordability implies that personal or household financial expenditures for adequate food rations should be at a level that does not compromise or undermine the satisfaction of other basic needs.

Economic access refers to the existence of any purchasing mechanism or entitlement that enables people to obtain food and is an indication of how well it satisfies the requirements for the realization of the right to adequate food.

Physical accessibility implies that sufficient food should be available to everyone, including physically vulnerable individuals such as infants and children. younger age, the elderly, people with handicapped, incurable patients and persons in need of constant medical care, including the mentally ill.

The issue of legislative consolidation of the right to good nutrition of Russian citizens and the country's food security strategy has been raised since the early 1990s. According to international humanitarian law. The right to adequate food, like all human rights, imposes three types or levels of obligations on states: obligations to respect, protect and fulfill. In turn, the obligation to fulfill includes both the obligation to facilitate and the obligation to provide. Russia, as the successor state of the USSR, cannot ignore the principles of fundamental human rights, enshrined in many acts international law starting with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In our current socio-economic situation, the norms of international humanitarian law, at least, provide a certain basis for the movement to change the status quo.

Ensuring food security in Russia involves the effective use of a wide range of socio-economic policy measures that adequately take into account both the specifics of the current and prospective reproductive situation within the country and the global economic and political situation.

One of the indicators of the level of development of the state is the presence of a national doctrine of safety and quality food products(BKPP), which includes nationwide activities (the functioning of control bodies and organizations exercising this control, the adoption of relevant laws, GOSTs and other documents), as well as the operation of production quality control systems at specific enterprises. production system safety and quality is one of the main components of the entire state system, as it ensures the reliable production of high-quality products.

The main criteria for assessing food security in Russia include:

The degree of satisfaction of physiological needs in the components and energy content of the diet;

Compliance with restrictions on the content of substances harmful to health in products;

The level of physical and economic availability of food for various categories of the population, including special consumers;

The degree of dependence of the country's food supply and the resource provision of the agro-industrial complex on import supplies;

The size of strategic and operational food stocks in comparison with standard requirements.

To control the state of food security in the country and regions, it is necessary to develop a monitoring system carried out in accordance with established state reporting.

The key problem of increasing the level of food security is the stabilization of agricultural production and its further development, changing its structure in accordance with market demand, and improving the quality of agricultural products.

To form a scientific basis for ensuring the country's food security, it is necessary to highlight the following areas:

Food security and its place in the system of national and economic security.

Conditions and factors affecting the level of food security.

Threats and risk management of food security.

Science-based approaches and principles for creating a reliable level of food security.

Information support of food security.

Modeling and integral indicators of food security.

Russia's food security in 2006 is about 80 percent ensured, which is exactly the amount of agricultural products produced for this purpose by domestic producers, Agriculture Minister Alexei Gordeev believes. 20 percent is accounted for by imports. According to the head of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, this primarily concerns meat, milk, and dairy products. If we talk about food security, he is sure, then the main thing here is the production of grain, the availability of its reserves and the possibility of deep processing. The main thing here is to reduce its losses and the amount of waste. At the same time, Gordeev believes, the discussion of this problem should go beyond Russia.

Space monitoring of food resources in the federal districts and regions.

Natural conditions and their dangerous impact on the functioning of the agro-industrial complex.

Forecasting global changes natural environment and measures to adapt to them to ensure food security.

Social aspects of food security.

Forecasting the physical and economic availability of food in Russia.

System of practical measures for implementation federal law"On the quality and safety of food products".

The current state of standardization and basic requirements for certification of food products.

Factors affecting the quality and safety of food.

Issues of creating domestic food products of a new generation and food additives.

Issues of state veterinary supervision.

Assessment of the state of nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation.

Monitoring the quality and safety of agricultural raw materials and food products.

Priorities of the scientific and innovative policy to ensure healthy and safe nutrition of the population of Russia.

Problems of quality control of imported and domestic food products.

Improving the domestic system of monitoring and distribution of products containing GMOs.

Scientific and methodological aspects of developing a strategy for food security in Russia.

The current state, prospects for the development of agro-industrial complex and their role in solving the problem of food security in Russia.

Food market and problems of ensuring food security in Russia: regional and sectoral aspects.

Industry specifics of food security in Russia

Regional features of food security.

Prospects for food security in Russia in connection with changes in the global situation.

Providing the population with food in crisis and emergency situations.

Food security of Russia and modern forms attracting investments in the real sector of the economy of the agro-industrial complex.

Legislative and legal support of food security in Russia.

Staffing of food security in Russia.

Food security policy international organizations(FAO, UNCTAD, WB, WTO, OECD) in the 90s of the XX century - early XXI century.

Ensuring food security of individual countries of the world.

The role of international agricultural and food organizations in ensuring food security.

Prospects for Russia's cooperation with the FAO and the WTO.

International aspects of agrarian and economic policy to ensure food security.

Priorities economic strategy foreign countries to ensure food security.

The main directions of budgetary support for agriculture and commodity producers abroad.

Features of reforming the agro-industrial complex and ensuring food security in the CIS countries.

Importance of foreign trade policy in ensuring food security.

World and Russian experience shows that in order to prevent a food threat to Russia, at least the creation and constant maintenance of such food self-sufficiency is required, which guarantees the ability of the population to survive without compromising health in the face of internal and external threats.

The threshold value of food security factors is determined depending on the national, demographic and natural and economic characteristics of each region, which (factors) include income and consumption differentiation, middle level animal protein intake and plant origin, the level of poverty and poverty, the degradation of the individual and family, the growth of mortality, including child and others, the level of average life expectancy.

It is clear that the lagging of agricultural production growth behind population growth, combined with a targeted reduction in production volumes in the main exporting countries, is fraught with a sharp reduction in supply in the international food market and a sharp jump in average world prices. Forecasts diverge only in the dynamics of price changes, which can develop both in a smooth and in a crisis scenario. According to the second, prices, for example, for grain can rise several times, reaching several hundred dollars per ton (as at the time, in the early 70s, energy prices increased several times). It is very difficult to predict the real dynamics of price increases, it will be determined management decisions exporting countries and the largest grain trading companies, under whose control is the world market. World prices are formed primarily on the US stock exchanges. The rise in world food prices will inevitably lead to an increase in the supply of raw materials on the world market, a fall in prices for them (not excluding oil and natural gas), which means an additional reduction in the food equivalent of raw exports.

The result of changing global food market conditions is the inability of a number of import-dependent countries to purchase the required amount of food. This situation will provoke an internal food crisis, and it will most seriously affect those states that place the greatest stake on the purchase of food at the expense of the export of raw materials and energy carriers, such as the Russian Federation.

The food situation on a global scale presents us with a special account. As shown above, it is naive to rely on outside help. The meaning of globalization lies in the competition on a global scale, during which the gaining countries gain even more, and the losers lose even more. It is necessary at a serious state level to assess the real needs of Russian citizens in basic vital food products, to assess production and stocks, that is, to draw up a balance, identify the most threatening positions and determine practical ways to immediately move towards correcting the current situation. Until now, there is neither a truthful answer to these questions, nor an appropriate responsible decision, including the fixation of target indicators, specific measures, and control mechanisms.

To ensure food security, it is necessary to formulate, plan and implement food policies that ensure the adequacy and stability of the food supply.

The adequacy of the food supply means that the total amount of supply (receipts) should potentially cover the total amount of demand in quantitative (energy saturation) and qualitative (availability of all essential nutrients) measurement. Food products must be safe for health (free from toxic factors and contaminants) and have a good food quality(taste, structure, freshness) and promote maximum lifespan.

Stability of food supply and food availability:

* sustainability environment,

* economic and social sustainability, ensuring people's access to food.

This implies a fair distribution of income, state and public support, and an insurance system.

Physical accessibility to food does not mean actual accessibility to food. The right to food must be linked to the right to the resources that make it possible. A number of diseases are associated with diets high in fat and/or sugar, due to prevailing consumption patterns, or due to poverty, where fat and sugar provide a source of calories (energy).

Levels of food security: global, national, community, household (family), individual.

The state of the legislative framework for food security in Russia. The rejection and even rejection by the ruling regime of the problems of agriculture and food caused an almost ten-year delay in the legislative, managerial and resource support of Russia's food security in the context of unstable market relations and the growing degradation of the agri-food base of the economy.

Conclusion

Main conclusions on the work

Food expansion of foreign food producers hinders the development of local enterprises;

The technological potential of enterprises does not meet modern requirements: only 19% of the active part of the funds corresponds to the current level, 25% are subject to modernization, 41% - replacement;

High degree of depreciation of fixed production assets: at individual enterprises up to 75%;

Flaw working capital to purchase raw materials, renewal of fixed assets;

Reducing the resource base;

The tasks of state regulation and support of domestic food producers include the following:

Technical re-equipment and creation of new production facilities, introduction of new technologies;

Creation of favorable conditions for ensuring economic efficiency and financial stability enterprise, increase the tax efficiency of industries;

The orientation of enterprises in the food and processing industry mainly to effective use raw material resources of the state;

Improving the quality, improving the design of products manufactured by enterprises.

Changes in the socio-economic conditions taking place in our country require the development of tools that allow taking into account new economic conditions, modern tendencies development of the food industry, as well as adequate to modern requirements and the appropriate level of information technology.

The future of the food industry depends on the development of the country's economy. Food production is largely determined by the prospects for the development of the food industry, which is characterized by a number of external and internal conditions:

1. Dynamics of consumption of food products. For the first time in several decades, the country is experiencing a decrease in consumption, which should subsequently be replaced by a more or less significant increase. Such a “wave-like” nature of consumption dynamics changes the usual ideas about best directions development of the food industry.

2. Cost characteristics of production facilities and resources used. The transition of the Russian economy to market relations dramatically changes the cost characteristics and traditional ideas about the competitiveness of various food products.

3. Tougher environmental requirements for production and increased costs associated with the use of natural resources, as well as environmental pollution.

4. "Aging" of production facilities. Power builds up rapidly production equipment, which has completed its service life and is subject to dismantling or modernization.

5. The need to modernize production equipment.

Withlist of used literature

1. Analysis of economic activity / ed. V.A. Beloborodova M.: Finance and statistics, 2004 - 352 p.

2. Bakanov M.I., Sheremet A.D. Economic analysis. M.: Finance and statistics, 2005 - 288 p.

3. Bogatyrev A.N., Maslennikova O.A., Polyakov M.A. Agro-industrial complex of Russia: scientific and technical progress in a market economy (problems and solutions) Novosibirsk, editorial and printing association of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2004 - 200 p.

4. Bogatyrev A.N., Maslennikova O.A., Tuzhilkin V.I. et al. System of scientific and engineering support for food and processing industries of the agro-industrial complex of Russia. M., Food industry, 2005 - 318 p.

5. Marketing in agriculture / ed. G.A. Zeldner. M. INFRA-M, 2005 - 400 p.

6. Magomedov R.M., Agalarkhanov M.D. The development of agriculture in the region in the conditions agrarian reform// Issues of structuring the economy, 2004, No. 3-4, p. 176 - 184.

7. Sheikhov M.A., Deftakova I.M. Economic regulation entrepreneurial activity in agriculture. // Issues of structuring the economy, 2004, No. 3-4, pp. 185 - 188.

8. Economics of a food industry enterprise: Tutorial/ Ed. Dan. Maslennikova O.A. - M.: Publishing complex of Moscow State University 1111,2006.-516s.

9. Economics of agriculture / ed. V.V. Kuznetsova. Rostov-on-Don, Phoenix, 2005 - 352 p.

10. economic security: production, finance, banks / ed. VC. Senchagov. - M.: CJSC "Finstatinform", 2005. - 621 p.

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The food industry is divided into several large groups. Among them are industries such as:

Dairy - produces milk and dairy products. This includes the manufacture of fats, and many technical and perfume components for use in various fields.
Meat - engaged in the processing of livestock. produce meat and meat products, animal feed and various components for the manufacture of medicines.
Fishing - the extraction of fish and seafood using conventional fishing or breeding.
Salt industry - are engaged in the extraction of salt by various methods.
Bakery - processing of wheat crops for the manufacture of bakery products.

There are several other industries - bakery, conservative, wine-making, tobacco and others.

The significance of the food industry combined with agriculture is as follows:

Extraction of important minerals that the average person cannot find.
Breeding animals, fish, which allows not to reduce their population in nature.
Growing crops and vegetables in compliance with the necessary requirements.
Processing of foodstuffs for subsequent safe consumption as food.
Production of various products for semi-finished products and ready meals.

Each person can independently obtain their own food for food. But the world has long gone from antiquity, when fire was mined with a stone, and animals were caught on a stick. Without Food Industry only people from deep villages manage. They breed animals, bake their own bread and make sour cream. It is more convenient for a city dweller to purchase the necessary products already prepared.
food industry is engaged in the manufacture of not only food, but also various threads, wool and so on. In a word, everything that can be made using animals and plant products.
The food industry helps to acquire high-quality and proven products. Everything before you get in retail tested for quality and safety. This is displayed in special documents and certificates. A brand is put on meat products, which means that the animal did not suffer from diseases that could cause a person to suffer.

The national economy of any country includes many branches of industry, the national economy, transport, construction, communications, and trade. But the basis, the foundation of the economy of any country is still industry.
Industry is the leading sector of the economy for the following reasons:
1. The development of industry, especially in such sectors as the electric power industry, mechanical engineering and the chemical industry, is the basis for accelerating the scientific and technical progress in the entire national economy.
2. Industry, especially its heavy industry, is the foundation of the entire economy, the basis for expanded reproduction and economic development all business entities.
3. The defense capability of the state is largely determined by the level of industrial development.
4. The provision of the country's citizens with consumer goods depends on the development of light and food industries.
Thus, industry is the leading branch of the national economy and the basis for increasing the efficiency of social production.
Industry, as an independent branch of material production, was formed as a result of the general division of social production. In its development, it went through 5 stages: home fishing; craft; handicraft industry; manufactory; factory.
As a result, it has become the largest branch of material production.
Industry is a collection a large number independent enterprises, workshops and industries engaged in the extraction, procurement and processing of raw materials into finished products.
In the system of the national economic complex, industry plays important role. This is due to the fact that industry is the only industry that produces tools, which are the most important element productive forces and provides them with all other branches of the national economic complex. Consequently, the technical level of all branches of the national economy, the composition, structure and qualifications of personnel depend on the nature and degree of their perfection.
Industry occupies a central place in solving the problems of the country's economic development. This place is determined by the fact that it produces the bulk of the gross social product and national income.
Industry plays an increasingly important role in solving social tasks. As the only manufacturer building materials and structures, construction equipment and medical equipment and preparations, commercial equipment and the prevailing mass of consumer goods. Industry predetermines the scale and timing of solving the housing problem, improving commercial and medical services, and raising the material and spiritual level of citizens.
Industry also plays an important role in solving the food problem. Producing all kinds of agricultural machinery, mineral fertilizers and means of chemical plant protection, industry as a large sphere of social production separated from agriculture as a result of the general division of labor.
The industry is a set of independent enterprises, workshops and industries, characterized by the unity of the purpose of the products produced, the commonality of the technological process, and the homogeneity of the processed raw materials.

What is the importance of the food industry in the life of society? food industry

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