Sawmill waste in the stables. Wood waste from a sawmill can be useful. Wood briquetting technology and its basics. Wood waste and its classification sawmill. Power plants using wood waste

The activities of the wood processing industry are accompanied by the generation of large amounts of waste. This word refers to the part of the raw material that is not used in the main production.

Non-format, “eating up” the area of territories that are adjacent to production capacity, using wood as a raw material, is almost a third of the total volume of material arriving for further processing.

In addition to branches and green mass, ridges and stumps, bark, slabs, lump waste, wood chips, shavings and sawdust are sent to scrap. You can get rid of waste by burning it, but it is more rational to use it in practice, which will solve several problems at once:

increase profitability of the main industry and “open the door” to more competitive prices for processed wood;
rid from the costs of transporting waste to the disposal site, expenses for renting land for accumulation of raw materials “garbage”;
reduce harmful effects on the biosphere;
improve rational use of cut green spaces.

Branches, bark and green matter

Processing crushed bark and green mass of trees coniferous species(pine, fir, cedar), essential oils are obtained, which are then used to create healing rubs and balms, and pine extracts for baths and fir (taiga, Florentine) water, used for both medicinal and industrial purposes. The use of Florentine water when processing coniferous green mass helps reduce volume costs clean water required for the process.

Green mass deciduous trees, bark and small branches after grinding are suitable for use in the agricultural sector. It can be used as mulch - a component for compost pits.

After separation from the boiled green mass and small non-lignified oil fractions, the residual product - condensate (bottom residue) - is a valuable component for creating coarse, fiber-rich feed for livestock and poultry.

Ridges and stumps

Due to its non-standard configuration, this type of waste wood is suitable in industry only for processing into chips, which can then be used for needs identified in a given region (for heating, for agricultural tasks, for solving some issues of municipal and agricultural farms).

Bark

The volumes of bark removed are always significant, since debarking wood is a mandatory process for processing it before further use.

The bark of trees of any species is considered a biologically active substrate with a long period of decomposition, which does not prevent its use in compost pits (special additives must be added to accelerate the decomposition of the contents of the pits).

Being rich in fiber, the bark is a raw material that can be used in the production of feed mixtures and roughage for livestock.

Physical and chemical properties bark allows it to be used in the production of carolite - a slab building material.

Gorbyl

Croaker - waste, considered the most voluminous group of waste material, appears during the secondary processing of wood.

Often, waste of this kind is of a significant size (business slab), which makes it possible to further use it in the production of obapol (slab and plank) and small lumber (rough blanks, planks for making containers, staves).

Obapol is a product for lining the fastenings of mine workings.

If there is a demand for fuel pellets, slab (wood) is pre-crushed and used to form artificially created “logs”.

Lump waste

Lump waste, trimmings - waste wood, which is a product of carpentry and furniture production.

Relatively long pieces of waste are suitable for the production of middle elements of joinery panels, batten panels, and hollow panels used in the construction of panel buildings.

Small ones are used by manufacturers of re-glued panels. The veneer, fiberboard and chipboard left over from the manufacturing processes are used in the production of hollow pellets.

The short ones are used for lining “clean” blocks. Like slabs, lump waste is suitable for processing into industrial chips used for the production of cellulose, cardboard, for the needs of farmers, and for combustion.

wood chips

Chips are recyclable materials obtained from both sawmill and woodworking processes. Used in the production of fiberboard, chipboard, container board, cellulose, and hydrolytic alcohol. IN lately It is actively used by landscape designers for decorative mulching of personal plots, and by agricultural farms for mulching garden beds and trunk circles of fruit-bearing and ornamental trees.

Shavings

Wood shavings are divided into two subtypes: those obtained specially and those formed during wood processing when performing carpentry and other tasks. The second type is suitable for increasing the volume of special chips required in the production of chipboards. Manufacturers of wood concrete, a lightweight concrete needed to create a thermal insulation layer on buildings, also need shavings.

In addition, farmers use shavings to protect the soil of planting beds from weathering and drying out. It is also used in greenhouse complexes to create the necessary temperature conditions. This type of waste wood is also used for barnyards as bulk bedding material. During thaws in winter, utility services use shavings as an absorbent material to rid station and market sidewalks of puddles and liquid mud.

Sawdust comes from most sawmilling and woodworking processes. They are used in the molding of additional slabs necessary for the manufacture of floors and decorative wall finishing.

Sawdust is required for the formation of gypsum sawdust concrete mixtures, compositions, sawdust concrete, thermiz.

Excellent absorbent properties make sawdust a good bedding material for farms where livestock or poultry are kept. Farmers also use it in gardening work, trying to protect the soil under plantings from drying out and weathering in the heat, and the dominance of weeds that are unable to grow through a layer of sawdust. They are also used in landscape design - if necessary, to increase the decorative appeal of individual areas.

Sawdust crushed in a special way is used in the production of wood flour, plastic, floor coverings (linoleum), explosives, clay and ceramic products.

Most of Wood waste can be used for the production of charcoal obtained through pyrolysis without oxygen. Raw materials from hardwood are used for the production of grade A coal, soft and hardwood - grade B, soft and hardwood and coniferous - grade B.

Currently, the development of resource-saving technology is a very pressing issue; woodworking waste also falls under the category of materials that require rational use. But despite this, forests continue to be cut down and sold in almost unlimited quantities.

Many woodworking enterprises leave about 25–40% of waste after completing work. wood material, further fate which is unknown. Since the conservation of forests is not only a problem for the country, but also for the whole world, standards for handling and sale must be introduced, the distribution of which would also affect wood waste.

According to existing statistics, Russia has the largest reserves of forests in the world, their approximate area occupies more than 800 thousand hectares in the country, this figure is equal to approximately 25% of the forest plantations of the entire planet.

Most of the forest plantations are located on Far East and in Siberia. The forest is a source of raw materials for all wood-based or processing enterprises, but the forest is also considered a habitat for animals, birds and other mammals; without it, most of them will simply disappear. Entire populations of animals will die out, as we know, this can lead to a catastrophic outcome, which is why its use in production will not only preserve primary wood material, but also reduce wood waste, which will significantly reduce deforestation.

The forest is also a source of many types of berries, medicinal herbs and mushrooms, most of which are very useful not only for animals, but also for people; their disappearance can deprive the human body necessary vitamins. And in some cases even medicines, produced on an organic basis of forest herbs.

The existence of a problem integrated use the remnants of wood processing began with the development of the sawmill industry. At that time, no one thought about the environmental problems that could arise due to the reduction of green spaces. Therefore, waste was simply destroyed by burning, so as not to occupy territory and not pose a threat to enterprises, as a highly flammable material.

Over the past period, woodworking technologies have been developing, automated control and other innovations have been introduced that make it possible to extract maximum profits, but the attitude towards waste has remained virtually unchanged. This mainly applies to small and medium-sized wood processing industries, which do not want to spend money on the development of processing and recycling technologies, so wood processing waste simply surrounds such companies.

Types of waste materials from sawmilling and woodworking

Wood processing or sawmill waste is usually divided into groups depending on its origin or condition.

First group

tails;
hunchboards.

This is the first board that is obtained when cutting a log into boards; it can be sawn only halfway or not sawn at all. The thickness and width of the cut are standardized to obtain a more uniform next board.

Second group

This group includes:

piece trimmings;
longitudinal trimmings;
cross cuttings;
end cuts;
cuttings of dry logs;
workpiece cuts;
remains of wooden parts;
plywood logs;
pencils.

Also, wood processing waste can be defective and cut during the production of wood products.

Third group

These are scraps of finished products, such as:

plywood;
veneer;
glued plywood;
MDF.

And other wood materials made from primary or secondary raw materials, but completely ready for use. As a rule, they occur during the repair or reconstruction of buildings.

Fourth group

The fourth group includes wood processing waste such as:

wood dust obtained by sanding the surface of a board;
sawdust;

A similar type is used for the manufacture of wood panels using glue and special press equipment.

Also, all of the above groups are divided into two types:

business;
non-business.

Businesses are typically larger sawmill or woodworking residues such as slabs and lump trims. Such wood processing waste can be easily recycled by major processing companies and used to manufacture products requiring such raw materials.

The smaller fraction is considered non-business; sawmill residues are mainly the third group or lower. Such recyclable materials require the creation of certain conditions, as well as technological processes that would be adjusted to their properties. Non-business waste is considered less desirable due to its more costly production process.

Technological application of wood processing and sawmill residues

Larger waste belonging to the first group is used for the manufacture of bulky or voluminous products, such as:

shields;
parquets;
barrels;
pallets;
box containers;
pallets.

In the furniture industry, wood processing waste is often used to make small components that do not require first-class material and are only a component part. This is even more profitable than using expensive, first-class raw materials for the manufacture of such inconspicuous parts.

In the construction industry, wood waste is also partially used; as a rule, it is used to make roofing materials or thermal insulation elements.

Unsuitable wood waste for the manufacture of any products or parts is used in industrial organizations as fuel. By burning these, you can get:

electrical energy;
thermal energy;
a couple;
hot water.

Lump waste is used as raw material for the production of pulp and paper products at industrial enterprises in this area.

And wood shavings are used as a filter in wastewater treatment plants, to purify wastewater from industrial areas and from oil residues.

In some industries, wood processing waste is even used to produce chemical products; this result, of course, requires complex technological processes, but still this is another niche for the use of recycled material. Taken together, all such methods make it possible to save hundreds of hectares of forest annually from deforestation.

The most difficult processing process relates to tree bark, since it is obtained by wet debarking, it has a high percentage of moisture capacity, which requires its pre-drying before processing. However, bark can also be considered an important raw material, since it is used in pharmaceutical production and is used to make:

tannins;
ethanol;
medicinal tinctures;

Bark is also an indispensable component of such building materials as:

insulation boards;
wood plastic.

It is worth noting that wood waste has many uses, in industries such as:

construction;
paper;
furniture;
wastewater treatment plants, etc.

One in fact, only a small percentage of all production and industrial enterprises countries are interested in using recycled materials. This is because there is no encouragement from the state, no interest-free loans for the development of technologies for processing wood chips, bark and wane. The purchase of special equipment will cost a large sum, and it is not known whether it will pay off or not, since in Russia a very common material is primary raw materials, which are already fully prepared for use by sawmills and processing organizations.

The current situation in the country with wood processing waste materials

Despite the usefulness of developing such an industry as preparing for the recycling of wood residues, in Russia at the moment Only large enterprises use it. Medium and small enterprises, of which, by the way, there are much more in the country than large ones, consider it unprofitable to process and use wood waste. All because it is much easier to purchase new forest, use it in production and get financial profit with a minimum of technological actions.

At large enterprises the picture is different, due to the volume of raw materials processed, since after the purchase of each batch of timber and its processing, a certain amount of waste remains. Over time, this waste forms into voluminous mounds. To obtain additional profit, such enterprises establish a process for using the waste generated on the territory of the organization; in the production chain they are used as a material for the manufacture of additional products, depending on the direction of the enterprise, they can produce:

pressed slabs;
pallets;
seals;
insulation materials;
fuel for own furnaces or for generating electricity.

Small and medium-sized enterprises do not develop such technologies, as the small volume of residual material does not allow this industry to be profitable.

As a percentage, processing wood at a sawmill gives the output of raw materials about 60%. The remaining 40% is waste, they contain 14% - slabs, 12% - sawdust, 9% - cuttings and small items, the rest is bark or end trimmings.

Solving the problems of using waste woodworking materials

Not the only, but optimal solution to the problem of using sawmill waste in small and medium-sized enterprises is the creation of cooperative units in maximum proximity to the sources of secondary wood material. As well as establishing close ties and developing technology with energy companies that are interested in the supply of fuel products.

Where to get wood waste inexpensively or free of charge

When using wood in any field, be it furniture production, construction, etc., wood waste can make up from 35 to 50%.

Disposal of wood waste in cities is a serious problem. They are formed during tree care and during sanitary cabin green spaces on the street, in parks, forest parks, squares. This waste is low-quality medium-sized wood:

branch;
tops;
edgings of deciduous and coniferous species.

A significant problem in terms of recycling is waste lumber during the renovation of premises and buildings, wooden products that are no longer in use, furniture, and containers. A huge amount of wood waste is generated when sawmilling.

Under the condition of self-pickup, almost all types of wood waste can be obtained absolutely free of charge.

Cost-effective options for using sawdust

There are many ways to make money wood waste, in particular, on sawdust. We list the main options, and below we will consider some of them in more detail:

production of sawdust concrete. Possible both in enterprises and privately;
on livestock farms, sawdust can be used as livestock bedding;
in greenhouses and industrial greenhouses, sawdust can act as a component of the soil, plant nutrition;
sawdust on its own excellent fuel;
sawdust – compost in agriculture;
for private houses sawdust is used as insulation in attics and basements;
production of chipboard, fibreboard, MDF, furniture structures, sawdust is the main raw material;
for wastewater treatment plants in industry, sawdust can serve as waste water filter;
sawdust mixed with peat - great composting toilet filler.

During the cooking of pine and cedar bark, woody greens, condensation accumulates at the bottom of the distillation tank, which is called VAT residue.

One of low-cost production its processing is pine extract.

Coniferous extract has a lot of biologically active substances that dissolve during prolonged cooking in water.

This condensate contains large number substances that have a beneficial effect on living organisms, including humans:

vitamins;
chlorophylls;
organic acids.

Concentrating the condensate turns it into a pine extract with high consumer properties.

The extract can be successfully used as feed additive for livestock and poultry in agriculture, as well as in the form of a preparation for taking medicinal baths. Pine extract can also be used for industrial production antibiotics for animals.

Feed meal

After digestion of the extract, approximately 90% of the original raw materials (pine and cedar bark, woody greenery) remains in the form of waste solid waste. Business income can be increased with further processing of solid waste into feed meal.

Feed flour has bactericidal and anti-tuberculosis properties. It can be used as an alternative to roughage.

Fertilizers

Fertilizer can be prepared from wood waste using a fairly simple composting process.

The main costs of implementing this project are laying and equipping trenches for preparing compost mass.

It would be advisable to use such compost to improve the fertility of highly mineralized and loamy soils.

Charcoal

Wood waste processing is a promising area with many areas for implementation. Many technologies that are based on the processing of wood waste are successful in the market.

– one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly fuels, consisting of almost one hundred percent carbon. When burned, it does not poison the air with toxic fumes and is quite convenient for instant cooking food. It can be used not only on the farm, but also in industrial production.

A number of chemical and metallurgical industries, from small to large, operate on it. In construction it is used as an insulating material. Just like other wood waste derivatives, it is successfully used in agriculture as a feed additive for livestock and poultry.

The waste wood waste can be used for further processing as fuel.

The use of modern and environmentally friendly fuels will help provide the population with inexpensive energy resources, while reducing the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

Thus, the negative impact on environment, the sanitary condition of forests is improving.

In recent years, EU countries have been experiencing a very active transition to organic fuel. The market is stimulated government agencies, turning to the side:

fuel pellets;
briquettes;
firewood

Energy sources from wood waste are currently purchased in significant quantities.

We purchase equipment

Of course, for processing you need:

equipment;
electricity;
premises;
warehouses for storing raw materials and finished products.

Equipment for the production of briquettes and fuel pellets is available on the market in sufficient variety, both from foreign and domestic factories. With equal quality, Russian equipment costs a little cheaper.

The equipment delivery set includes:

wood chipper(machine for grinding raw materials), from 180 thousand rubles to 2.3 million rubles;
granulator. Cost from 50 thousand rubles. up to 2.1 million rubles. The price for the OGM-1.5 granulator model is about 1 million rubles;
dryer. The price range ranges from 150 thousand rubles. up to 2.5 million rubles;
packaging machine. Price – from 80 thousand rubles. up to 2 million rubles

In general, equipment for producing, for example, pellets can be an industrial line or a mini-granulator.

Approximate cost:

an industrial line that produces 1 ton/hour costs about 132 thousand dollars;
with a capacity of 2 tons/hour will cost 196 thousand dollars;
the price of a 4.5 ton/hour line is about 408 thousand dollars.

The price for a finished line, providing a productivity of 300 kg of product per hour, is about 1 million rubles. In the same case, if you have premises (your own suburban area) and raw materials (wooden waste at a minimum price or free for pickup), then the investment, taking into account organizational issues, will amount to a little more than 1 million rubles.

Sales and expansion of production

Sales of manufactured products can be carried out through the following channels:

wholesale companies that export goods abroad;
you can open your own online store;
implementation through our own retail outlets in construction and economic markets;
sales to organizations that are engaged in sales on construction markets and in supermarkets.

One of the most profitable ways business expansion for sales of products based on sawdust is cooperation with municipalities.

The fact is that in many formations, fuel oil boilers are installed. Their efficiency is many times lower than that of pellet boilers. If you agree with local authorities to replace fuel oil with pellet boilers(due to budget funds) and delivery of your products, then everyone benefits.

Local authorities receive significant cost savings during the heating season, and fuel producers receive a significant channel for marketing their own products.

It is also worth paying attention to areas where there is no gas supply.

In such areas you can sell with considerable success for business fuel briquettes.

But first we will have to explain the advantages of boilers running on fuel briquettes.

Business expansion opportunities will thus be achieved by increasing the number of sales of manufactured products.

Difficulties

Difficulties that may arise during implementation of this business, usually come down to several points:

transportation of finished products over long distances is not always profitable;
When certifying, for example, fuel pellets, certain difficulties may arise. The second point is the composition of the fuel: it should not contain more than 30% bark;
To fully sell finished products, you will need to independently search for consumers;
control over workers in production is a must for any type of business.

On the other hand, the domestic market of our country is increasingly in need of various wood processing products, and demonstrates full readiness for their use.

Where to start and the price of the issue

Production activity requires the presence of an individual entrepreneur or LLC under the simplified taxation system (6% or 15%, respectively). To operate the enterprise you need:

2-3 general workers;
driver;
accountant;
sales manager.

A business based on the use of wood waste, if properly organized, can bring significant profit. In this case, the level of investment can vary from the most insignificant to the largest. Which production to choose depends on the level of capabilities and aspirations.

Due to the huge amount of wood waste to be processed in our country and its affordability, it makes sense to start make money in this business sector.

Using such waste as raw materials, business will help solve a number of pressing environmental problems:

cleaning forest areas from wood waste and preventing their decay;
forest fire prevention;
when used as fuel, there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
promotes the conservation of forests.

Conclusions

IN Western Europe and many other countries in last decades turned to environmental fuels, as well as waste-free types of production in general.

With the active support of the state and subsidies from it in support of these types of businesses, we can soon expect more active development commercial projects based on wood waste processing.

Trends developing in the West are always, or almost always, harbingers of commercial trends in our country, so it may be worth taking a closer look at them.

Considering the ever-increasing global demand for environmentally friendly and cheap energy resources, people with a commercial spirit should hurry to take this most profitable and promising business niche, which has just begun to fill.

This is how a wood waste shredder works:

Where do we get wood waste from?

Given its relative safety, wood waste requires centralized collection, removal and subsequent disposal. According to the state classification, materials of this class include:

products of planned deforestation of forest and park areas unsuitable for the wood processing industry;
logging waste and substandard lumber (chips, branches, shavings, bark, stumps, rhizomes, end cuts, branches, slabs, waste);
prunings of trees and shrubs collected during thinning or cleaning of areas;
used products and materials (furniture, sleepers, supports, plywood, loading platforms, chipboard, veneer, fiberboard).

The Basis Group offers wooden waste free of charge. The exception is broken pallets and trays.

Where can wood waste come in handy?

Do you need to buy wood waste for business purposes? Take them without any payment! Major factions natural material with zero cost, it is advisable and profitable to use in the presence of conventional processing machines. Craftsmen have learned to create real works of art even at home: furniture, country houses, crafts, interior elements and much more.

Wood waste serves freely as the basis for the production of containers, parquet, barrels, and panel structures. The furniture industry produces various decorative and auxiliary elements, fiberboard, chipboard and wood plastic. The bark is a valuable raw material in pharmacology, from which ethyl alcohol and tannins are obtained. The pulp and paper industry has been and remains a significant consumer in the segment.

Among the most promising areas of use, where free wood waste is especially relevant, the following stand out:

Construction sector. Traditionally, such materials are in demand for roofing, insulating and facing surfaces, and in the production of wood-based concrete and sawdust blocks. Innovative technologies make it possible to produce environmentally friendly piezothermoplastic boards and wood-filled plastics (EDPP) without plastics. With their help, modern and durable construction and finishing, furniture, door and ceiling-floor structures are obtained.
Agriculture is ready to ensure the effective use of all types of non-business category wood waste. The bark and crown are suitable for producing compost, peat substitutes, greenhouse soils, feed and repellents.
Fuel and energy sector. Wood waste can serve as an inexpensive and profitable source of power for mini-CHP or home fireplaces. Briquetting waste allows you to increase the amount of energy released during combustion, reduce the volume of ash and the formation of harmful combustion products.

How wood waste is processed

Wood has unique and natural properties that make it as easy as possible to recycle and reuse. If you are looking for where to buy wooden scraps, then we offer to pick them up for free.

The production of process chips - the raw material in the production of many goods - consists of several stages:

cleaning from impurities and foreign bodies;
cutting and chopping on special units;
automatic sorting;
final regrinding.

We give away wood waste free of charge. Any type will find application in a wide variety of industrial and household segments.

Wood waste from a sawmill can be useful. The business idea is to build a plant for the processing and disposal of wood waste from the sawmill of the woodworking industry and the processing of low raw materials and old wood

Classification of secondary wood resources

The production of almost all technological operations during logging, processing or associated with the formation of wood waste. These wood wastes are secondary wood resources because... New products can be produced from them or with their additives.
The use of wood waste largely depends on the type and location of its generation.
Classification of secondary wood resources.
The classification of secondary wood resources is based on the following characteristics:
- size and quality characteristics of waste;
- place of waste generation and its concentration;
- type of production.
According to size and quality characteristics, waste is divided into lumps (boughs, branches, tops, etc.), soft (shavings), bark, woody greens (needles, leaves and non-woody branches).
The location of secondary wood resources can be a logging site, a loading point, a timber warehouse, a wood processing or wood processing enterprise.
Depending on the type of production, secondary resources are divided into logging, sawmilling, pulp and paper production.
From an economic point of view, secondary waste is divided into potential, real and economically available.
Potential resources are the entire volume of waste and losses generated during the development of the logging fund allocated for felling or the processing of wood raw materials and materials.
Real resources are defined as potential, minus the inevitable technological losses in the process of wood harvesting, its primary processing, transportation, as well as during the collection, transportation and storage of the waste itself, and processing of waste into final products.
Economically available secondary resources are that part of real resources that can be processed into final products with an appropriate economic effect.
Economically available secondary wood resources do not include waste used for fuel and sold to the population and institutions in unprocessed form.
The level of profitability of their processing is taken as a criterion for the economic availability of secondary wood resources. Obviously, the category of economically accessible secondary waste dynamic, since material and monetary costs and prices for the final products obtained from them are dynamic.

Classification of wood waste

Wood waste is classified by type and stage.

By type, all waste is divided into:

solid: stumps, slabs, trimmings, roots, branches, slats, tops;
soft: wood dust, leaves, bark and bast, shavings, woody greens - pine needles.

By stages, waste is divided into:

waste associated with logging - stumps, bark (partially), roots, branches, tops, non-business wood (firewood), trimmings;
waste from primary wood processing in sawmilling, plywood production - sawdust, slats, slabs, pencil, trimmings, bark, flaw, shavings;
secondary processing waste in furniture production - sawdust, trimmings, shavings.

Wood briquetting technology

A set of equipment for briquetting wood waste, sawdust, branches, wood scraps up to 60-80 mm in diameter.

The resulting product is wood briquettes - a type of biofuel that is produced by pressing dry wood sawdust (with a moisture content of no more than 12%) under high pressure, without adding any chemical binders. Briquettes produced by this method on mechanical impact presses have the highest density (1100 -1400 kg/m3) with minimally low energy costs for their production.

Wood waste and its classification

Industrial waste from logging sites
Depending on the type of production in which wood waste is generated, logging waste and wood processing waste are distinguished.

Wood waste from logging refers to the separated parts of wood during the logging process. These are leaves and needles, non-woody shoots and bark, twigs and branches, peaks, tops, butts, trunk cuttings, waste from the production of crushed pulpwood. Wood waste obtained from logging operations in its natural form are poorly transportable, and when used for energy purposes they are first crushed into chips.

Wood processing waste is generated during wood processing production. These are slabs and slats, short lengths and cuttings, sawdust and shavings, waste from the production of technological chips and wood dust, bark.

Depending on the characteristics of the biomass, wood waste can be from crown elements, stem wood, bark, as well as wood rot. The shape and size of wood waste indicates lump wood waste and soft wood waste. Lump wood waste includes scraps and cutouts, slabs and peaks, cuttings and laths, and short lengths. Wood shavings and sawdust are classified as soft wood waste.
The amount of wood waste is determined by the share of wood waste not used in a given technological process in the production of a specific type of product. The amount of generated wood waste is calculated as a percentage of the volume of wood raw materials that was used in the production of products. The type of product affects the amount of waste.

Numerous studies have established a linear relationship between the volume of stem wood removed and the amount of waste during logging.

Wood waste from sawmilling is represented by lump waste, used in some cases for energy purposes. Sawmill lump waste is waste from the peripheral part of logs. Logs without preliminary debarking have an abundance of bark, which excludes the possibility of their use for the production of wood-based panels and pulping.

Depending on local conditions the amount of wood waste from sawmilling may vary and depends on the volume of sawn raw materials. The amount of bark on wood depends on to a greater extent depending on the type and age of the trees. The growing conditions of the source material also affect the amount of wood waste. The diameter of the tree trunk also affects the amount of bark. On total number The bark obtained by debarking is affected by its loss during logging. Transportation of wood by rafting promotes the falling off of bark and reduces its total yield to 8–10% of the volume of debarked wood.

Considering practical calculations, the amount of bark is 10% of the volume of debarked wood. This is a considerable amount of bark on the wood, which determines the importance and possibility of using wood debarking waste. After all, wood debarking is mandatory in the production of ever-increasing volumes of pulp and paper products.

may be useful. The business idea is construction and recycling wood sawmills and processing from low raw materials and old ones by producing a new, environmentally friendly type of fuel - wood pellets (pellets). Thus, the idea of a waste recycling business can bring good benefits not only to your financial situation, but will also serve a good role for the environment.

The businessman will need to do organizational issues, i.e. choose suitable equipment, thoroughly learn the technology for producing wood pellets, search for personnel, find transport for transporting raw materials. Also, you will need to know the capabilities of the raw material base, i.e. find out the possible volumes of supply of raw materials, negotiate the supply of raw materials with the owners of sawmills; make inquiries about competitors; calculate the most profitable volume of pellet production. Considerable cash costs will be required to start a business (depending on the chosen production volume) - this is one of the main disadvantages of this business idea.

In the technology for manufacturing fuel pellets, exhaust hot air with small wood particles is removed from the cyclone system by a fan into ventilation units, which provide filters with a purification rate of 99.9%. The purified air is released into the atmosphere.

When wood waste is burned in air heaters, there is no carbon dioxide emission, and 1% of ash is formed, which is used as fertilizer. Pellets can serve as fuel for city, regional, rural, municipal and departmental boiler houses. Pellets can also be produced for export, because... Europe is already switching to this type of fuel. Pellets can be used as litter for pets. Some also use wood pellets to make charcoal.

The use of wood pellets as fuel, in addition to reducing financial costs, will make it possible to get rid of imported fuel through a minor reconstruction of boiler houses. And due to this, it becomes even much cheaper, because you can immediately eliminate transportation costs.

This business idea is also good because it simultaneously solves a whole range of problems: recycling waste, improving the environmental situation, saving non-renewable energy sources, and creating new jobs.

The “disadvantages” of this production are: the high cost of equipment, the need to re-equip boiler installations, or purchase new boilers operating on solid fuel in automatic control mode.