Recycling plastic bottles as a business. Equipment for the processing of plastic bottles. How plastic bottles are recycled Plastic bottle recycling lines

Plastic bottles have become convenient in transporting and storing liquids. Glass containers are now rarely used. After use, plastic products are usually thrown away. A lot of this rubbish accumulates every day. Because of this, the thought arises whether equipment designed for such work can be used in the foundation of a profitable business.

Advantages

Many business ideas that improve the lives of the population are now popular. If bottle recycling becomes popular among people, then it will be possible to create a permanent source of income. In our country, few people are engaged in such activities, so there is a possibility of profitability.

The benefits include:

The ratio of profit and revenue will be approximately 25%, which is more in comparison with other areas.
The bottle recycling business is respected by the residents. This guarantees some support from them.
Now environmental projects supported by the government and local authorities.
There are companies that want to be responsible for protecting the environment. But since this is not their main focus, they choose to invest in such projects.

disadvantages

But such a business also has disadvantages that novice entrepreneurs may face:

Difficulty of opening. Since this area is regulated by legislation, the paperwork can be difficult. Need to get a lot of permissions from various organizations. As a result, everything takes about 8 months, which is a lot compared to other types of business.

There is no constant supply of raw materials. But it is necessary for the continuous operation of production. Also, not everyone understands where to sell products.
Need manual labor. Availability required a large number employees, each of whom will do their job. Only then will the activity become effective.

Demand for business

There are several reasons to understand that such a business is very promising. These include:

Low competition.
Availability of raw materials.
Uncomplicated workflow.
environmental factors.

Since such plants improve the ecological situation, they are supported by the government, as well as communities working in the field of nature conservation. No matter how profitable it is, the business must be organized competently. You will need to rent or buy space. You also need to formalize your business.

Technology

It is necessary to purchase professional equipment for bottles. The technology consists in the following work:

Products are being collected.
Whatever the processing equipment plastic bottles, sorting is a mandatory step. It is done by class. Usually products are divided into unpainted and painted. They are processed separately. A special group are bottles based on polyvinyl chloride, which require a special procedure.

Then manual removal of rubber, paper, metal is performed.
Then the bottles are squeezed. When they are pressed, they are loaded onto a container recycling line.
The result is a flake-like flex. Flex is a raw material for the production of such bottles or chemical fibers. Many goods are produced from it - packaging tapes, paving slabs, films.

During recycling, labels and caps are automatically removed and bottles are crushed. The fragments are added to a special cauldron, where various elements are washed off with water. Then the plastic is cleaned and dried. Store it in a special bunker. All this is done by bottle equipment.

Each stage of production is considered important. They are performed by different employees. Responsibilities are distributed among employees based on their qualifications. Only then will the whole process be carried out with high quality.

Equipment

You can use 2 options for organizing a business:

The mobile processing plant is housed in a truck. This idea is more suitable in cases where it is planned to serve several cities.
Rent of a building for a workshop. Equipment for the processing of plastic bottles (complete line) has a cost of about 3-4 million rubles.

Both options for organizing a business are in demand. You will need the following equipment for recycling plastic bottles:

Belt conveyors.
Rotary machine.
"Crusher" - equipment for processing plastic bottles into granules.
Screw conveyor.
Steam boiler.
polishing machine.
Dryer-water separator.
Air dryer.
Storage bins.

Each device is important for the production process. It can be purchased separately or as a complete set. If you purchase equipment for the processing of plastic bottles in the form of a mobile plant, its price is approximately 5-6 million rubles. For a stationary view, you need big square- over 2,000 sq. m. It is better to establish a business in abandoned factories and warehouses on the edge of the city. Then the cost of the premises will not be high.

If you buy a plot of land, build a hangar, then it will be profitable to recycle plastic bottles as a business. The equipment will produce not only flex, but also fiber, which increases profits and profitability. This requires larger investments, so a novice entrepreneur should do this after paying off the initial contributions to his business.

Is a home business possible?

It is unlikely that plastic bottles can be recycled at home. This equipment takes up a lot of space. But a separate room is perfect for this. The best choice there will be a mobile installation. Although it costs more, it can be easily installed indoors.

It is enough to install the equipment, connect the sewerage to eliminate waste, connect the power supply. The lines are usually 6-10 meters in size. With such indicators, it will be possible to place equipment for processing plastic bottles at home, if the area of \u200b\u200bthe room allows. Such equipment does not take up much space, and also consumes a minimum amount of electricity.

Getting raw materials

For a business to be successful, it is better to open a plant in big city to keep transport costs low. Although bottles are a light commodity, they take up a lot of space. Because of this, long-distance transportation lowers profitability. The location may be equidistant from several cities.

The assembly of raw materials is carried out manually on landfills that are available throughout the country. The bottles are put into bags, and then pressed, after which they are delivered to the factory. You can also search for raw materials using the Internet. Now there are many sites where there are advertisements for the sale and purchase of bottles. The main task will be to offer favorable conditions compared to competitors. Services function like auctions.

It is possible to find a direct supplier of waste in the form of PET bottles. This is usually the most cost effective option. We need to find companies that produce a lot of such waste. These are offices where various drinks are provided to employees free of charge. There, the level of consumption is quite high.

Expenses

To organize such a business, many employees are needed, since many actions are performed by manual labor. The minimum number of employees is 10 people. Them average salary equal to 20 thousand rubles. The costs of the motivation system should be taken into account, since it increases labor productivity.

During the calculations, it must be borne in mind that the schedule should be in shifts. It will take about 15 thousand rubles to purchase a ton of bottles with transport costs. The purchase price is determined not only by the manufacturer, but also by the type of raw material. For example, brown plastic is considered the most affordable, but it is used only in some areas.

Transparent plastic is considered more expensive. The costs should include the cost of electricity and water consumption. The price of 1 ton of products can be in the range of 40-90 thousand rubles. The cost is calculated from the size of the granules, characteristics, color.

Staff

To organize a mini-factory, you need at least 8-10 workers. They will work in shifts. We also need an accountant, a manager and 2 loaders. Such a composition of employees will allow high-quality processing of bottles.

Over time, it becomes possible to expand production. Then it will be necessary to hire more workers to increase the number of products sold.

Sales

For such a business to be profitable, you need to establish the right marketing system. A company that does not produce fiber can organize sales to other similar firms, where the entire technological cycle operates. Then the cost per ton will be less than the market price, but there will be constant demand.

There are organizations that create fibers from flex. There are few such companies in Russia, but their volumes are large, so this guarantees high profits. You can use the site to find customers, for example, create an ad and wait for responses.

Profit and payback

The payback period is approximately 1.5-2 years, since it is necessary to invest, especially at the beginning. The advantage is that the costs of organizing processing are small. Therefore, with a revenue of 800 thousand rubles per month, the profit will be equal to 200-300 thousand rubles. Income is determined by the type of raw material and other factors.

Before deciding on this type of activity, it is necessary to weigh all the positive and negative aspects of such a business. Carefully calculate the amount that will be needed to open production, study the package of documents that allow this type of activity. Also, it will not be superfluous to look in advance for a place to rent, compare the cost of equipment and choose the most suitable option.

"Made from recycled plastic." Such inscriptions are found on a wide variety of products - canisters, combs, even children's toys. In the civilized world, plastic recycling technologies have already stepped far, they allow you to recycle PET plastic bottles ... into exactly the same plastic bottles.

Today in Russia there is only one plant operating on bottle-to-bottle technology. Let's see how this production works.

1. The Plarus plant was opened in 2007 on the outskirts of Solnechnogorsk near Moscow.

2. Today, 1800-2500 tons of plastic bottles are processed here per month. At the entrance - dirty used bottles, at the exit - clean raw materials for the production of new ones.

3. The collection of raw materials is carried out at sorting stations and landfills for household waste.

4. In Russia, they are not used to the fact that garbage can cost money, and its separate collection is not developed (the share of “cutting” at the plant is no more than 1%). The plant buys part of the bottles from fitness clubs and hotels, but this does not make any difference either. The main source of raw materials is ordinary landfills from all over the country (even from the Urals), where garbage is sorted by hand, bottles are extracted from it, after which they are packed and sold to the plant. 300-kilogram piles of dirty pressed bottles are brought to the plant, where they wait in the wings.

The first workshop is busy with the selection and sorting of bottles. All equipment of the enterprise is European, from the leaders of the MSW processing industry - BRT Recycling Technologie GmbH (Germany), TOMRA Systems ASA (Germany), RTT Steinert GmbH (Germany), BOA (Holland), SOREMA (Italy), BUHLER AG (Switzerland).

5. The bales are loaded into the bins of the sorting lines, after which they are unpacked and sorted.

6. By by and large, the plant could work automatically, but in Russian realities it's impossible. Automatic lines are able to distinguish and arrange bottles by color, but as in Europe, where plastic is processed in its pure form, this does not work for us - due to the very high contamination of the feedstock, the help of a person is needed, and not one.

8. Several teams of workers manually sort the bottles, cut off the labels, throw out the tangled garbage and containers that cannot be recycled, for example, completely wrapped in shrink plastic, with foreign objects inside or a non-standard color. Only blue, brown, colorless and green bottles are suitable for recycling. The latter, by the way, are the least popular among customers.

9. The bottles sorted by color are again pressed into bales and transported to the street - to the warehouse, where they are expected to enter the second workshop.

10. In the next workshop, everything starts with unpacking the "sorted" bales ...

11. ... after which the bottles are sent to the sink.

12. Here the container is “erased” first in cold water, then in hot, then in an alkaline solution and a special detergent.

14. The bottle is washed from the outside, the glue with which the label was glued dissolves. After a series of washes - another post of manual sorting and magnetic metal separation.

16. The next step is crushing. The bottles are crushed together with the corks, after which the resulting flakes again undergo a thorough cleaning procedure. In a special drum filled with liquid, the bottle plastic is separated from the cork. Their density is different, and flakes from traffic jams float to the surface.

17. Bottle flakes go through the final inductive metal separation, after which a special computer machine selects defective flakes of a different color.

18. Then some of the products are packed in 2-meter soft containers, the so-called Big-Bag. Flex is an excellent raw material for the manufacture of various household goods, building materials and even ... fleece fabric!

19. Before launching into further production, a sample of the obtained flakes is taken, which is sent to the chemical laboratory for various tests.

21. After that, the flakes are fed by pneumatic transport to the third workshop - to the extrusion and granulation lines. The process is fully automated.

22. The process in the third shop consists of several stages. Firstly, repeated metal separation, then preheating, removal of acetaldehyde and other harmful impurities, filtration. First, the flakes are cut in a grinder, after which the flake is melted at a temperature of 280 degrees Celsius.

26. special machine through a spinneret it squeezes thin threads (strands) out of the melted and purified plastic, which are dried and cut into granules.

28. Amorphous granulate is transported for crystallization and then enters the reactor.

29. After 16 hours of polycondensation in the reactor, under the influence of nitrogen and high temperature amorphous granulate is converted into the final raw material - high-viscosity PET granulate for the production of PET bottles.

30. Each batch of products is re-controlled - the resulting granules are carefully studied by specialists.

31. The finished product is packed in large bags, and then sent to customers.

34. The granulate is approved for use in packaging for food products according to expert opinion FBUZ "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Moscow Region". Bottles from it are obtained exactly the same transparent and clean as from ordinary chemically obtained granules.

35. A plant with 150 employees can produce up to 10 thousand tons per year finished products, but the current volume is smaller. The reason is the lack of feedstock... That is why one of the organizers of tours to the Plarus plant is the organization... GreenPeace. Environmentalists welcome the separate collection of waste and recycling of plastic - this process harms the planet three times less than conventional plastic production. Serious reason to think!

Plastic is one of the main enemies for all living things. That is why for decades mankind has been fighting against packaging and bottles that pollute the environment. According to the results of studies conducted by scientists, an unambiguous conclusion was made that the decomposition of plastic takes about two hundred years.

During this period, these wastes poison the territory where they are located. It is worth saying that every year the production of plastic packaging around the world is increasing at a rapid pace. This is the main reason for the increase in the amount of waste from this material.

Solving an environmental problem

Today, in order to stop the pollution of the planet with plastic, it is necessary to completely abandon its production. However, this option is unrealistic. The fact is that plastic is a versatile and cheap material that is used in almost all areas of human activity. In addition, on this moment there is no viable alternative to it.

Limiting the production of environmentally unsound packaging can help reduce hazardous waste. This method is currently used in many foreign countries. For example, in stores in Europe plastic bags replaced with paper ones, which do not harm the environment and are capable of decomposing during disposal in two to four weeks.

Reducing the amount of plastic waste can also be achieved with recycling this material. The bulk of the packaging to be recycled falls on bottles. Almost all manufacturers of carbonated and mineral waters bottle them in plastic bottles. As a result, the problem of disposal arises. By solving it, you can open own business on plastic bottles.

Waste collection

Before organizing the reception of PET bottles, one should carefully study the experience of European businessmen. Within the territory of outlets Most countries install special machines. Their main purpose is to collect PET bottles. If you carefully study this issue, we can conclude that it is possible to make money on such waste. However, this is not easy to do. Currently in Russia PET bottles are accepted by a single company assisted by the Moscow government.

Varieties of machines

The device with which PET bottles can be received is a special container for containers. In this case, to determine the object, it is scanned. In world practice, there are two types of such machines. The first of these includes those that scan and receive PET bottles. The second type of machines was created for collecting aluminum containers.

Operating principle

"Smart" containers are called vending machines. Automatic collection machines for plastic bottles and aluminum containers exchange recyclable packaging for money. In these containers, the volume and weight of the container are determined, and barcodes are recognized to identify the object.

The machine for collecting plastic bottles and aluminum containers is equipped with a “microclimate” system that maintains certain values of humidity and temperature and allows the device to work smoothly.

Acquisition

The production of such machines is established in Germany. In this regard, the price of this equipment is considerable. The cost range of vending machines is in the range from four thousand eight hundred to seven thousand euros.

Should I buy such a machine or not? Starting a business, each entrepreneur draws conclusions about the payback period for the equipment he purchases. Collecting plastic bottles as a business is not an easy task. That is why, before taking certain steps, it is necessary to enlist the support of state bodies.

The vending business will move faster and bring real profits when the collection of plastic containers is combined with its recycling. These two processes are practically inseparable from each other. In order for raw materials to be processed, they must first be collected. At the same time, the best place to place vending machines will be trading floors shops or the area in front of the entrance to super- and minimarkets.

Business Profitability

Suppose there are two thousand vending machines installed in the city. It is most advantageous to accept aluminum containers. The collection container can hold up to four hundred cans. Therefore, from all vending machines, the daily receipt will be 800,000 cans.

The cost of aluminum raw materials ($1.28 per kilogram) will make it possible to receive a daily revenue of $25.5 thousand. Of these, the device will pay out to those who lowered banks into it, 18.5 thousand dollars. As a result, the daily profit will be seven thousand dollars. But do not forget that the purchase of such a number of vending machines will take twelve million euros.

Thus, under favorable conditions, making a profit is possible only five or six years after the start of the business. At the same time, we did not include in our calculation the costs of administration, logistics and technical support. The conclusion is clear. In order to build a network of vending machines, government assistance will be required.

Collection and processing

Statistical data of world practice indicate that packaging and receiving containers are the most disadvantageous links in the plastic recycling chain. This state of affairs exists in almost all countries. For business, a prerequisite is a subsidy from the budget and support from the city authorities.

The next stage is more profitable - plastic recycling. There is a certain opinion of experts. According to him, the payback of the waste processing enterprise is achieved within one to two years from the moment of its opening.

At the same time, on average, profitability indicators reach twenty-five percent. Higher income can be obtained by combining two processes - collection and processing plastic containers. However, to open such a business, state subsidies will certainly be needed.

In addition, some experts believe that vending machines in Russia are currently implementing an incorrect reward scheme. So, in Germany, a person who throws a bottle or a can into the device is given a special coupon that allows you to reduce the cost of groceries purchased in the store. In our country, it is easier for a person to throw an empty bottle into the trash than to make his way to the vending machine, which will give him some small change in exchange for a container.

Some experts believe that there is another way to draw attention to the device for collecting plastic bottles. If the fandomat performs a musical composition or “tells” a joke in exchange for a container, then people will walk not to the urn, but to it. Significant savings can be achieved Money for issuance.

Use of waste plastic

Despite the difficulties of the business of accepting PET bottles, Russia plans to expand the network of vending machines. How is recycled plastic used?
Recycled PET is used as a material for the manufacture of synthetic threads, fibers and geotextiles.

For these purposes, almost thirty percent of the waste is spent. PET fibers are used for car upholstery. They are used to make carpets for offices and homes. PAT European standard finds its application in the production of polyester fabric. This material is used as insulation for sleeping bags and sportswear, as well as filler for soft toys. If the fiber is thin, then it is used in the production of artificial wool for scarves, sweaters and knitted shirts.

Output

Starting a business to collect and recycle PET bottles and aluminum containers will require a lot of effort and time. At the same time, state support is important. However, having overcome all obstacles, you will be able to come to an unprecedented result, and then all costs will be covered by income. The most important thing is to believe in success, and then everything will certainly work out.

Recycling PET bottles and other plastic products has become relevant immediately after the start of their mass production for household needs. Under natural conditions, plastic decomposes for a very long time, so sooner or later the society faces the question: what to do with waste from this material - to dispose of it or to process it into raw materials that are in demand for various production purposes. As statistics show, the profitability of enterprises involved in the processing of plastic is quite high. This is due to the insignificant costs of creating enterprises, the simplicity of processing technology and practically inexhaustible sources raw materials.

IN Russian Federation this business is much more promising than in European countries. The figures speak eloquently about this: in Russia, only about 6% of plastic bottles and other types of packaging are recycled annually, while in Europe this figure is 80%. The recommended plastic recycling business plan with calculations is a project to organize a small plant that will be in demand in almost any region of the country, especially in small towns and near public places.

Market Review

Worldwide, more than 3 billion tons of waste is generated every year. various materials. Among this amount, at least 11-12% is accounted for by plastics. Most of the plastic waste is "supplied" by the United States - approximately 77 kg per person. In our country, this figure is 25 kg. Polyethylene and polypropylene are mainly recycled. Waste combined type practically not recycled. Secondary raw materials, which are obtained from plastic waste, are sent to enterprises engaged in the production of various constructs, composite building materials, packaging products, etc. An important advantage modern technologies recycling is that in the recycling process, many of the original properties plastic materials are lost and the scope of their secondary use narrows, thereby reducing the re-generation of waste.

In Russia, the annual volume of plastic waste generation is estimated at about 40 million tons, of which only 35% are suitable for recycling. As noted above, only 6% of this amount is sent for processing. The rest is transported to numerous landfills, the size of which is growing from year to year.

The main obstacle to organizing a civilized approach to plastic recycling in our country is the lack of a system separate collection. Only such activity can become the main one for deep processing, because the sorting of mixed waste makes it possible to extract from them only 10-15% of recyclable raw materials.

Despite all the difficulties, the plastic waste recycling industry is developing in Russia. The number of factories for the production of flex from used plastic is gradually increasing in the country, their profitability is growing, the cost of primary raw materials is increasing, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the use of recycled materials.

It is gratifying that new laws are being adopted at the state level and attractive economic conditions are being developed for market participants. On it in given time the main players are:

11 thousand landfills and landfills.
4 waste incinerators (all located in the metropolitan area).
5 waste processing plants.
39 sorting bases.
Over 1 thousand transport organizations dealing with waste disposal.

A feature of the domestic plastics processing market is its predominantly local character, which leads to a constant increase in the area occupied by landfills. According to the FAS Russia, the market is characterized by an extremely low level of competition, especially in the regional context. An example of this is the statistics for cities, which depend on the size of the population. In particular, 45% of cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants are served by one waste disposal company. Much more organizations are involved in recycling,

In general, according to Research.Techart, the domestic processing market is estimated at $1.5-2 billion. There are quite a few "clean" processors on it, most enterprises prefer to manufacture flex products.

In addition, the Russian plastic recycling market is technologically underdeveloped, as evidenced by the following statistics:

There are 36-38 million tons of waste in the landfills of the country (i.e. 90-92% of their total).
Only 1.8% of MSW is burned in the country.
Industrial processing per year is 1.2-1.6 million tons (3-4%).

Thus, the opening of a small plastic processing plant is a socially significant and economically attractive line of business.

Organizational and legal form

A plastic recycling company is created under the legal form of a limited liability company (LLC). This choice due to the advantages that the plant will have in production and commercial activities. First of all:

The possibility of concluding contracts for the supply of products abroad.
Granting the right to conduct cooperation with legal entities.
Wider prospects for the development of the enterprise.

In accordance with the chosen form of business organization, taxation is carried out according to the general system.

The main taxes paid and their amount are shown in the following table:

Tax	Applicable base for taxation	Periodicity	Bet amount
For the amount of profit	The amount of profit received	M-ts	20%
VAT	The amount of VAT charged	M-ts	18%
For property	The value of the acquired property	According to the schedule	2,2%
Income	FOT	M-ts	13%
Social payments	FOT	M-ts	34%

Description of the object

The plastic waste recycling plant being created will produce flex as the final product. This material is granules, which can later be used for the manufacture of disposable plastic tableware, packaging containers, plastic films and tapes, and other products.

Implement milestones this project planned for the following dates:

Stage / month, decade	1			2			3
Stage / month, decade	Dec 1	Dec 2	Dec 3	Dec 1	Dec 2	Dec 3	Dec 1
Registration of LLC, enterprise	+	+	+
Registration with the tax authorities, opening a current account		+	+
Signing a contract for the lease of production space		+	+
Acquisition of production and technological equipment	+	+	+
Repair of industrial premises		+	+	+
Registration of permits and conclusion of contracts for the supply of raw materials for the enterprise				+	+
Installation, commissioning and testing production line for plastic recycling			+	+	+	+
Conclusion of contracts with consumers of final products (flex)					+	+
Recruitment			+	+	+
Enterprise launch							+

Selection of industrial premises

For the normal functioning of a plastic processing enterprise, an unused premises of a factory or a large warehouse with a total area of at least 120 square meters is selected. m. The object must have a connection to the networks of electricity, water supply and sewerage. The most preferable is the location of the plant near the landfills for the collection and storage of waste. This will reduce the cost of transport support for the project.

The facility is equipped with premises for:

Enterprise office.
Warehouses for raw materials and finished products.
Factory workers.
Shops with an established plastic processing line.
Sanitary and hygienic needs of personnel.
Storage of spare parts of equipment and tools.

A parking area for vehicles delivering raw materials for processing and exporting finished products is being equipped on the territory of the plant.

The best solution for choosing a premise is its lease by the city administration within the framework of the regional environmental program.

Production and technological equipment

The preparatory stage for plastic recycling is the following operations:

Collection of PET bottles and other types of plastic packaging.
Sorting of raw materials by classes (colors).
Rejection of products made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

After their completion, the raw materials are sent to the technological processing line, consisting of the following units:

Band conveyer.
Rotary machine.
Screw conveyor with Archimedean screw.
Machine for removing caps and labels from bottles.
Crusher.
Boiler.
Screw.
Washing machine.
Rinsing machine.
Dryer-water separator (centrifuge).
Air drying equipment (pneumatic dryer).
flotation baths.
Bunker storage.

The capacity of the purchased equipment is 700 kg of flex per hour. The line is serviced by two workers.

Recruitment

To work in a plastic waste recycling plant initial stage 18 employees are involved in the project implementation. The staffing table and labor costs are shown in the following table:

Job title (specialty)	Number of full-time employees	Size wages per month	payroll per month
Director	1	30 000	30 000
Pickers-sorters	15	12 000	180 000
maintenance workers production line for plastic recycling	2	20 000	40 000
TOTAL	18	62 000	250 000

Accounting services for initial stage functioning of the enterprise are transferred to outsourcing.

Financial plan

The total investment in the project is distributed as follows:

Directions of project financing	Total
Purchase of equipment	3 500 000
working capital	155 000
Organizational expenses	610 000
Total (in rubles)	4 265 000

It is planned that plastic bottles will be purchased mainly from local population at a price of 15-18 rubles per 1 kg (the price of 18 rubles per 1 kg is used in the calculations). Considering that about 800 grams of flex is obtained from 1 kg of plastic waste, the technological losses of the line will amount to 20% of the total mass of waste. The average cost of flex-granules is 35 rubles/kg. Transport costs are accepted in the amount of 20% of the cost of raw materials.

Under these conditions, the plant's revenue from sales of products for the first year of its operation will amount to 17,248,000 rubles.

The total costs of the project for 1 year of operation of the enterprise are given in this table:

The projected volume of the plant's revenue for 1 year of operation will be 17,248,000 rubles with a production cost of 18,651,000 rubles. Taking into account the payment of taxes in the amount of 172,480 rubles, the net profit of the enterprise will be 1,575,480 rubles. Thus, with a 1-year planning horizon for the enterprise, projected costs and income, investments in the creation of a plastic processing plant will pay off no later than 8 months from the date of its opening. The profitability of the enterprise for this period will be 27%.

Business SWOT analysis

Visualization of potential risks and benefits this business gives a SWOT analysis.

Strengths:

Availability of versatile international experience activities of companies in this industry.
Availability of standard design and estimate documentation for the creation of plastic processing facilities.
High social significance of the type of activity.
Availability of public environmental organizations that support the creation of processing enterprises.
Availability of environmental programs implemented by local government authorities.
Simplicity of technologies for processing raw materials.
Constant availability of raw materials for processing.

Weak sides:

Insufficient development of a regional regulatory framework for the operation of plastic waste recycling plants.
Possible limited raw material sources in some regions of the country.
Insufficient level of organization of separate waste collection.
Weak development of the industry in the country.
Low social prestige of activity.

As a result, the business may face the following risks:

Market fluctuations in the cost of final products.
Decreased investment attractiveness.
Changes in the sphere of state regulation of waste management rules.

Eventually

Establishing a plastic waste recycling facility is economically viable and profitable business. Profitability production process provided by low costs for the purchase of raw materials, low current production costs and high level profits after the company enters the break-even mode.

plastic recycling business proper organization able to earn a decent income. At the same time, such activities help save the environment by cleaning landfills from non-decomposable garbage and preventing the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere when it is burned.

Advantages and disadvantages of a business idea

Even a small home recycling business plastic waste the same empty bottles economically viable. This is facilitated by low costs for raw materials - you can get it for free if you agree with enterprises that dream of getting rid of unnecessary waste.

Buying plastic waste from the population will require about 9 thousand rubles. per ton. If you choose the production of pellets, then from 5 tons of garbage you can get 4 tons of product. With properly established sales, their cost will be about 200 thousand rubles.

For a month, taking into account weekends and one-shift work, an average enterprise is able to produce about 40 tons of processed product.

Profit excluding taxes and other expenses comes out to about 2 million rubles. For such an enterprise, the equipment will cost about 4 million rubles. If you subtract the costs of rent, wages, utilities, transport, it will pay off in about six months.

Plastic bottle - the most common type of container at present

It is necessary to take into account the scale of production and the chosen business technology. If you process a small amount of plastic at home and produce not granules, but plastic flakes - flex, then the income will be much less, but the equipment costs will also be reduced. Here, the average income is about 300 thousand rubles. per month, and reaching the break-even point takes about a year.

When organizing a plastic recycling business, it is necessary to take into account its possible disadvantages:

a large number of permits, which will have to spend both time and money. In general, it will take 4 months and at least 50 thousand rubles to start a business. without taking into account the cost of equipment and rent;
difficulties in finding sales and rather high competition;
the need for manual labor, which expands the staff and the cost of wages, payments to insurance funds and tax.

But with a competent approach to the plastic recycling business, these shortcomings are offset by a good profit, which will become stable in a year, and a fairly quick return on the initial investment.

Types of plastic recycling

To properly organize a plastic recycling business, you need to decide which specific plastic waste will be sent for processing, and what end result is planned to be obtained. The choice of technology, the scale of production and the cost of equipment depend on this.

by the most in a simple way is the processing of single-grade scrap without serious pollution - the same PET bottles.

But with good financial investments you can organize a mini-factory for the processing of various plastic materials or plastics with the inclusion of impurities. In this case, additional cleaning equipment will be required.

The processing process at enterprises is carried out mechanically or chemical and thermal methods are used. To obtain secondary raw materials for sale, the first method is used. Chemical Methods(hydrolysis, glycolysis, methanolysis), as well as thermal destruction (pyrolysis) require expensive equipment, special laboratory conditions, it is extremely difficult to organize such production on your own.

Main types of recycled plastic:

polymer granules;
polymer-sand mixture;
flexes.

The granulated form of polypropylene is the best suited for its combination with other components

The plastic recycling business does not only involve the production of pellets, which are used to create plastic bottles, polymer fibers and packaging.

If you purchase the appropriate equipment - melting and heating devices, you can organize the production of a polymer-sand composition.

It can be sold to enterprises engaged in the creation of flexible tiles, paving slabs and other similar products.

Processing technology includes five main stages:

Sorting plastic by type and level of contamination.
Initial grinding.
secondary sorting.
Washing and drying.
Melting plastic to a homogeneous state and molding in a pellet press.

From one bottle you can get from 35 to 40 g of flakes

When creating flex final stage is skipped, so it turns out just crushed plastic of a small fraction of a different color. Granules have the same weight and size, they are of higher quality. It is more profitable to produce them, but the equipment is more expensive, since a special extruder is required.

The main difficulty of mechanical recycling is pre-sorting and cleaning. Contaminated plastic is brought in from landfills - removing labels, debris and impurities takes time and manual labor.

Where to begin

To implement this business idea, first of all, you need to analyze the market for the presence of competitors. If a city with a population of less than 100 thousand people already has a similar production, it is unprofitable to open a new one. Or you need to change the direction of sales - to agree with buyers in the nearest large settlements, choose a different type of finished product. But in any case, the first step is to draw up a plastic recycling business plan to take into account the likely costs and risks.

Drawing up a business plan

Even if you are considering starting a home plastic recycling business, you need to start by putting together a business plan. Ideally, it is better to make three options: realistic, optimistic and pessimistic. This will allow you to vary the work of production depending on the situation. When drawing up a plan, consider the following:

Availability of probable suppliers of raw materials and potential distribution channels for finished products. Perhaps it would be more profitable to invest in equipment for independent production blanks for bottles or polymer fiber.
Required permits to open production. First of all, this is the official registration in tax authority as an LLC or individual entrepreneur with the purchase of an online cash register and its configuration.
Choosing the right space. If you organize not a tiny production in a personal garage, but a mini-factory, it is economical to rent a non-residential workshop on the outskirts of the city. But all communications must be connected.
Selection and purchase of equipment. The kit depends on the final product. At the initial stage, you can save money by buying devices from your hands.
Calculation of the staff and expenses for salaries, transport.

Do not forget about advertising campaign. If preliminary sales agreements have already been concluded, a small website with product prices is sufficient. But it will probably be necessary to spend money on flyers to attract potential suppliers of raw materials and organize containers in yards for separate waste disposal.

Recycling plastic bottles is a hazardous industry, so you will need to issue a license to conduct activities and obtain an environmental opinion

Search for plastic suppliers

In order for the processing line to function continuously, a continuous supply of raw materials is required. To do this, it is necessary to establish not one, but several channels for its receipt:

purchase from the public;
organization environmental activities on cleaning up territories;
use of containers for separate waste collection;
collection of waste plastic containers in cafes and restaurants.

With the right approach most of raw material base will come free of charge, which will reduce the cost of production and increase the likelihood of its rapid sale.

Installing containers is not enough, you need to purchase at least a cargo GAZelle

Search for premises and equipment

A mini plastic recycling plant will require an industrial area of at least 60 square meters. m with additional departments for warehousing raw materials and finished products. All communication lines must be connected to it.

You will need to obtain permits from the fire and environmental services of the locality.

The set of equipment depends on the types of processed raw materials, but you will definitely need:

automatic devices for supplying raw materials;
cleaning devices;
shredders for pre-grinding;
crushers for final grinding;
bunkers;
dispensers.

Both liquid and dry modules can be used to clean plastics. The latter type is more convenient, economical and environmentally friendly.

The line consists of several units connected by belt conveyors

To process plastic bottles into flakes, a perforator and a specialized line, which already includes cleaning devices and shredders, are enough.

If it is intended to obtain granules, a granulator press is additionally required. It consists of an extruder equipped with one or two screws, a slide filter, as well as an electric heater and an air or water cooler. Twin-screw extruders produce better products, but they are more expensive. Budget extrusion machines are manufactured in China, Russia and Ukraine, while more expensive and high-quality ones are brought from Western Europe.

Modern models suggest remote control work. If you do not stint on an expensive automated line that carries out full cycle washing, separation from foreign inclusions, grinding and granulation, subsequently you can seriously save on the salaries of staff.

Homemade plastic recycling equipment on video

Personnel search

The staff of the processing complex depends on the scale of the enterprise and the automation of production. For a home business, two family members will be enough, but a small plant will require hiring four workers per line, as well as a truck driver.

Possible mistakes

An optimistic business plan assumes that the plant operates without interruption, there is always enough raw materials, and the finished product is not stale in the warehouse. In this case, it is possible to obtain consistently high profits. But the reality does not always coincide with the desired result. To set up the most profitable production, you need to consider possible problems:

lack of raw materials to fully load the line;
geographical proximity of a competing enterprise;
lack of equipment capacity;
the risk of breakage of equipment components, due to which production will stop;
human factor - negligence or alcohol abuse of workers.

If you control these points, you can avoid production errors and achieve the stability of the enterprise.