Presentation on the topic of Crimean reserves. Crimea is reserved. project "Ecological trail"

"Crimean boarding school for gifted children"

Information hour

on the topic:

"Reserves of Crimea"

Educator:

Umerova Liliya Alikovna

Simferopol 2017

Reserves of Crimea

Target: introduce flora and fauna Crimean Nature Reserve, especially with those species that are under state protection.

Tasks:

nurturing love for native land;

fostering a culture of behavior in nature reserves and national parks;

expanding the range of environmental knowledge;

development of collectivism and patriotism.

In fact, the history of the protected areas of Crimea began on July 30, 1923, with the issuance of the decree “On the Crimean State Reserve and Forest Biological Station.” In subsequent years, researchers identified the nature of Crimea and substantiated the need to create nature reserves represented by unique natural complexes. In 1991-1993 Laws on the protection of the natural environment and protected areas have been adopted in Ukraine and Crimea.

The basis of the natural reserve fund of the peninsula is formed by 4 state reserves: Crimean, Yalta, Cape Martyan and Karadag. They occupy 43.8% of the entire protected area of Crimea.

Crimean Reserve was organized in 1928. It occupies 33,397 hectares in the central part of the Main Crimean Ridge. The protected area is home to more than 1,200 species of plants (almost half of the total flora of Crimea), and over 200 species of vertebrate animals (half of those found in Crimea). Of particular value are oak, beech and hornbeam forests, which play an important water and soil protection role. The forests are home to Crimean red deer, Crimean roe deer, mouflon, black vulture, griffon vulture and other rare animals. The reserve has great scientific, cultural and educational significance. On the periphery of the protected area, several recreational areas and ecological trails have been created, where tourists in organized groups, without damaging nature, get acquainted with its riches. On Chatyrdag, the most beautiful “Marble” cave is equipped for public visits.

On the northwestern coast of Crimea there is a branch of the reserve -Swan Islands. Here is one of the largest concentrations of waterfowl in Eastern Europe: more than 230 species, of which 18 species are listed in the Red Book. Every year, up to 5 thousand swans flock from the south to molt, and the colony of laughing coeds numbers more than 30 thousand individuals. For summer season seagulls destroy almost 2 million gophers and up to 8 million mice - field pests.

In Alushta, under the management of the Crimean Nature Reserve, a Museum of Nature and a dendrozoo have been created, where you can get acquainted with natural resources mountain forests.

Yalta Mountain Forest Reserve created in 1973. It covers mainly the western South Coast (14,590 hectares). Forests occupy 3/4 of its territory. On the mountain slopes there are tall-trunked, mainly pine (57% of the reserve's forests) and broad-leaved (beech and oak) forests, in places with evergreen sub-Mediterranean undergrowth. An ecological trail “Solnechnaya” (formerly “Tsarskaya”) with a length of 7 km has been laid across the territory of the reserve.

Cape Martyan Nature Reserve , located east of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (on the limestone cape of the same name), occupies 240 hectares together with the coastal waters of the Black Sea. It was created in 1973 and is intended to preserve a corner of Mediterranean nature in Crimea. A relict sub-Mediterranean forest is protected here, in which more than 500 species of plants grow. Of particular value are the communities of the rarest relict, the only broad-leaved evergreen tree in Eastern Europe - the red strawberry tree, listed in the International Red Book. Other “Red Book” species also grow here: tall juniper, blunt-leaved pistachio. Cape Martyan is a full-scale scientific laboratory of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, where a scientific and ecological trail runs.

On the South-Eastern coast of Crimea - the youngest on the peninsulaKaradag Reserve (founded 1979). It occupies the territory of an ancient volcanic mountain-forest landscape between the Meganom and Kiikatlama peninsulas (2855 hectares). In this unique museum, created by nature itself, you can read the chronicle of the Earth for almost one and a half hundred million years. More than 100 minerals and their varieties were found on Karadag. Meet here semi-precious stones: carnelian, opal, heliotrope, agate, rock crystal, amethyst. You can observe the attributes of a fossil volcano: lava flows and breccias, dikes, mineral veins, volcanic bombs, and even a channel that once served as a conduit for lava to the surface. The flora of Karadag has about 1050 plant species. Only here live Poyarkova's hawthorn, Steven's lily, Koktebel tulip and other rare species. 29 plant species are listed in the Red Books. Peculiar and fauna reserve: 35 species of mammals, 277 species of birds, 15 species of reptiles, 18 species of animals listed in the Red Book are noted here. For organized tourists and excursionists, an educational ecological trail has been laid along Karadag.

There are 33 formed on the peninsula state reserve. Among them are 16 nature reserves of national importance. Landscape (complex) reserves are: Cape Aya in the west of the southern coast of Crimea with picturesque limestone cliffs covered with relict forest of Stankevich pine, tall juniper and small-fruited strawberry; Baydarsky reserve on the northern slope of the Main Ridge with canyons and relict juniper forests; Ayudag on South Coast- mountain volcanic massif with relict sub-Mediterranean forest; Grand Canyon Crimea in the west of the Main Ridge - the deepest tectonic-erosive gorge in Crimea (up to 320 m) with mixed forests; Weeping Rock is a picturesque foothill tract in the valley of Western Bulganak.

Geological reserves are located in the mountainous Crimea: Black River in the west of the Main Ridge - a gorge-canyon; Kachinsky Canyon on the site of the valley of the Kachi River breakthrough through the Inner Ridge; Mountain karst of Crimea, occupying part of the karst plateau of Karabi-Yayly.

The Khapkhalsky hydrological reserve is located on the southern slope of the Main Ridge in the gorge with the Jur-Jur waterfall.

Botanical reserves include; Kubalach is a mountain in the east of the Crimean foothills with thickets of the endemic cyclamen Kuznetsov; Karabi-yayla - a section of a mountain plateau, a place of growth medicinal plants; Kanaka - a valley in the eastern part of the South Coast with a relict grove of tall juniper; New World- a mountainous coastal massif on the south-eastern coast, occupied by open forests of Pitsunda pine and tall juniper; Arabatsky reserve - a section of steppe at the base Arabat Spit with virgin coastal-steppe vegetation.

In Crimea there are two ornithological reserves where communities of rare birds are protected: Karkinitsky on the northwestern coast of the peninsula with an abundance of waterfowl; Astana plavni - lake shallow waters in the north Kerch Peninsula, habitat of smoldering fires, gray cranes and other birds.

There are 87 state natural monuments in Crimea (occupying 2.4% of the total protected area). 13 of them have the status of national monuments, 6 monuments are complex (landscape): Cat Mountain - a limestone outlier in the west of the South Coast with sub-Mediterranean open forest; Karaul-Oba is a mountainous limestone cape in the east of the South Coast with juniper woodlands; Agarmysh forest is a Yaylin massif near the city of Stary Krym, on the slopes of which a beech forest is protected; Ak-kaya - rocky peak of the Inner ridge of the foothills with bushes; Belbek Canyon - the valley of the Belbek River breakthrough through the Inner Ridge of the foothills; Mangup-Kale is a remnant mountain in the west of the Crimean foothills, occupied by mixed forest.

Geological natural monuments include 4 objects: Demerdzhi - the Main Range mountain range near Alushta, on the slopes of which original weathering figures of conglomerates rise (Valley of Ghosts); Kizil-Koba is a tract on the western slope of Dolgorukovskaya Yayla, which contains the largest cave system in Crimea (13.7 km); Soldatskaya karst mine on Kaarabi-yayla, the deepest in Crimea (more than 500 m); Jau-Tepe is the largest mud hill on the Kerch Peninsula.

A hydrological natural monument is Karasu-Bashi, a mountain-forest tract at the source of the Biyuk-Karasu River on the northern slope of Karabi-yayla.

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Reserves of Crimea

For the first time, in 1870, part of the mountain-forest landscapes in Crimea acquired the status of an imperial (royal) hunting reserve.

Over the years of its development, the nature reserve fund of Crimea has become the most important indicator of the reference scientific and natural resource potential of the peninsula. This is a natural environment-preserving and environment-reproducing source of the plain-steppe, mountain-forest and southern coastal-sub-Mediterranean nature of the peninsula. As of 1.01. 1998 in Crimea there are 145 territories and objects of natural reserve fund, with a total area of 140.4 thousand hectares, including 43 territories of national significance, with an area of 124.7 thousand hectares (which is 87% of the area of the entire reserve fund) and 102 objects of local importance, with an area of 15.7 thousand hectares (13% of the area of the reserve fund). At the same time, specially protected territories and objects, reflecting the degree of uniqueness of nature in different regions peninsulas, are unevenly distributed across the landscape regions of Crimea. The Main Crimean Ridge and the Crimean Sub-Mediterranean region are characterized by the greatest reserve density. The landscape areas of the Plain Crimea, the Kerch hills and the Crimean foothills are characterized by significantly less reserve density. In general, the reserve fund in Crimea accounts for 5.4% of the peninsula’s territory. This is 2.5 times higher than the similar average for Ukraine as a whole, but 2 times lower than the UN recommended optimal level of reserve saturation for regions of the world.

The Crimean Nature Reserve is the oldest on the peninsula, it was created in 1923. For a long time (1957-1991, it remained in the strange status of a “reserve hunting area”, when instead of protecting valuable animals, they were hunted by “reserve” hunting. Nowadays the reserve is together with a branch, it occupies 44.1 thousand hectares. The reserve protects north-slope forest, mountain meadow-steppe (Yaylta) and partially south-slope forest landscapes. 1,165 species of higher plants grow in the protected area (there are 84 species on the Lebyazhye Islands). 45 species of endemics, 115 species of rare and protected species. The reserve is home to 39 species of mammals), 120 species of birds (on the Lebyazhye Islands - 20 and 230, respectively). Of particular value are beech, oak, hornbeam and pine forests, playing an important water and soil protection role. Red deer, mouflon roe deer, black vulture, griffon vulture and other rare animals live here. Up to 5,000 mute swans flock to the Swan Islands annually to molt, and the colony of gulls numbers more than 30,000 individuals.

The Yalta Natural Mountain Forest Reserve was created in 1973. It covers mainly the western South Coast (14,589 hectares). Forests occupy 3/4 of its territory. Tall, mainly pine forests are common here (they make up 56% of all forests in the reserve), also beech and oak, in places with evergreen sub-Mediterranean undergrowth. The reserve's flora includes 1,363 species of vascular plants, including 115 endemics; 43 plant species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. The reserve is home to 37 species of mammals, 113 species of birds, 11 species of reptiles and 4 species of amphibians.

The Cape Martyan Nature Reserve, located to the east of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden on the limestone cape of the same name, occupies, together with the coastal aquatic complex, only 240 hectares. The reserve was created in 1973 and is intended to preserve a corner of nature of the sub-Mediterranean type in Crimea. A relict pine-juniper-strawberry forest with more than 600 plant species, including 23 endemic species, is preserved here. The Red Book of Ukraine includes tall juniper, small-fruited greenberry, etc. The adjacent water area is home to 71 species of algae, 50 species of fish, 40 species of mollusks - a total of 200 species of marine animals.

Finally, in the east of the Crimean Sub-Mediterranean Sea there is the youngest nature reserve on the peninsula, the Karadag Nature Reserve, founded in 1979. It occupies an area of 1855.1 hectares of ancient volcanic mountain-forest landscape. The reserve was created to protect the rarest landscape and botanical-zoological objects. More than 100 were found on Karadag mineral species and varieties: semi-precious stones are found here - carnelian, opal, heliotrope, agate, rock crystal, amestist, etc. You can observe the attributes of the fossils of the volcano: lava flows and breccias, dikes, mineral veins. The rich flora of Karadag includes 1090 species of vascular plants, including about 50 endemics. Many species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine: tall juniper, blunt-leaved pistachio, Poyarkova hawthorn, etc. The fauna of Karadag includes 28 species of mammals, 184 species of birds, reptile species, 3 amphibians, 1900 invertebrates. The flora of the coastal waters includes 454 species of plants and 900 species of animals (including 80 species of fish).

In addition to nature reserves, numerous other, mostly small in area, specially protected natural unique sites are scattered sporadically throughout Crimea. 32 state reserves have been established on the peninsula, accounting for 51% of the protected territory of Crimea. Among them - 1 reserves are of national importance. There are 73 protected natural monuments in Crimea, with a total area of 2.4% of the entire reserve fund; Among them, 12 have national status. There are 25 protected botanical gardens and parks-monuments of horticultural art in Crimea (their area is 1% of the reserve fund); 11 of them have national status. Finally, there are 11 protected areas in Crimea. They occupy 1.6% of the protected area of the peninsula.

Subject. “Specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of the Republic of Crimea”

Class: 9

Lesson topic: " SPNA of the Republic of Crimea" (slide 1.)

Lesson type: lesson-travel.

Setting goals by students (slide 2.)

Target :

Educational: developing ideas about specially protected natural areas of the Republic of Crimea.
Educational: nurturing love for the native land and a sense of pride in the Republic of Crimea, respect for nature.

Tasks:

Form an idea of protected areas and their main categories;

Foster a caring attitude towards nature and the Motherland as a whole.

Planned results:

Subject: knowledge of basic concepts, their differences between each other, protected areas of the Republic of Crimea;

Personal: development of curiosity and a sense of patriotism.

Methods: verbal, visual, practical.

Equipment and materials:multimedia projector, handouts (map of the Republic of Crimea).

Basic concepts studied in the lesson:Specially protected natural areas: state natural reserves, state natural reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, landscape and recreational areas 2 parks, natural parks, garden art monument parks, zoological parks, botanical gardens and dendrological parks.

Lesson progress

I. Organizational moment.

All humanity has common house- Earth. It is not as big as we think. And if we do not use the natural resources of our planet rationally and prudently, then humanity simply will not have a future.

Problems rational use natural resources are closely related to the problems of nature conservation and transformation.

The epigraph of the lesson is the words of A. Griboyedov.“Crimea is an amazing treasury, a natural museum that keeps the secrets of thousands of years...” (slide 3.)

2017 in Russian Federation declared the Year of Ecology(slide 4), it is held with the aim of attracting public attention to the issues of preserving natural heritage sites and in connection with the 100th anniversary of the creation of the first state natural reserve in Russia in 2017(Barguzin State Natural Biosphere Reserve).

Our homeland in the broad sense of the word is Russia, but each of us has a small homeland, and for us it is the Republic of Crimea.(slide 5.)

In today's lesson we will travel through the unique regions of the Republic of Crimea. These are specially protected natural areas. They are designed to preserve natural complexes, rare species of animals and plants.

II. Learning new material.

To travel along our route, you need to know the basic concept of what are specially protected natural areas?

During the lesson, students answer, identifying the most active.

What is a protected area? (slide 6.)

Specially protected natural areas- areas of land, water surface and airspace above them, where natural complexes and objects are located that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health significance, withdrawn by decisions of the authorities state power wholly or partially from economic use and for which a special protection regime has been established.

The main goals of specially protected natural areas:

Preservation of unique natural landscapes;

Protection of endangered species of plants and animals;

Ensuring environmental conditions for their existence;

Protection and protection of natural areas visited by tourists.

On the territory of the Republic of Crimeathere are 196 objects (slide 7.)natural reserve fund of various categories with a total area of 220 thousand hectares, which is 8.4% of the total area of Crimea.What is the area of Crimea? 27 thousand sq. km

Today, specially protected areas of the Republic of Crimea are represented by:

State natural reserves;

Landscape and recreational parks;

Natural parks;

State nature reserves;

Natural monuments;

Protected areas;

Parks - monuments of landscape art;

Zoological parks;

Botanical gardens and dendrological parks

Work in pairs. Identify species (slide 8.)

Pictures of species (slide 9-13)

Nature reserves -These are specially protected areas (water areas) excluded from any economic activity for the sake of preserving natural complexes, as well as individual species of plants and animals, in an intact form.

Reserved tracts– forest, steppe, and other isolated unique holistic landscapes. Any activity that disrupts natural processes is also prohibited on their territory.

Wildlife sanctuaries - These are protected areas with a less strict regime. They allow those types of economic activities that do not harm protected objects. They can be botanical, zoological, hydrological, and others.

Natural parks combine the objectives of nature conservation and limited use. They are open for educational tourism and short-term recreation of citizens.

In the territories landscape and recreational parksa differentiated protection regime is established: a protected area, a recreation area, an economic zone.

Parks and monuments of landscape artvaluable examples of park construction are announced. On their territory, excursions and mass recreation of the population are provided, and plantings are cared for.

Natural monuments -landmarks natural objects, subject to protection (rocks, caves, trees, etc.).

Zoological parks -institutions for keeping animals in captivity for the purpose of their demonstration, preservation, reproduction and study, including scientific research.

Botanical gardens- territories where, for research, educational and educational purposes, collections of living plants from different parts light and different climatic zones.

dendrological park 3 - an area allocated for the cultivation in open ground of woody plants (trees, shrubs, vines), located according to systematic, geographical, decorative and other characteristics.

Work in pairs

1. Determine the protected area, put a number

Territory name		Territory name
Zoological parks		Wildlife sanctuaries
Natural monuments		Nature reserves
Landscape and recreational parks		Dendrological parks
Natural parks		Parks-monuments of landscape art
Reserved tracts		Botanical gardens

Self-esteem 10-9 “5; 8-6- "4"; 5- "3"

2. Fill out the table

No.	Name	Geographical location	Year founded	Are under protection
	Crimean	The central part of the Main Range of the Crimean Mountains from Yalta to Alushta	1913	Vegetation, trees, swans
	Yalta	Forest zone of the South Coast	1973	Endemic and relict plants
	Karadag	35 km southwest of Feodosia	1979	Flora, fauna
	Opukskiy	Kerch Peninsula	1998	Steppe vegetation
	Kazantipsky	Kerch Peninsula	1998	Steppe vegetation

On the map of the Republic of Crimea (handout) during the lesson, each student enters the name of the protected area of the Republic of Crimea.

The following are located on the territory of the Republic of Crimea:state nature reserves: (slate 14.)Crimean Nature Reserve, Yalta Mountain Forest Nature Reserve, Karadag Nature Reserve, Opuk Nature Reserve, Kazantip Nature Reserve (slide 5).

One of the oldest nature reserves in Crimea is the Crimean Nature Reserve, founded in 1913. The largest nature reserve in Crimea with an area of 88.6 hectares. The reserve includes 5 forest districts and the Razdolnensky ornithological branch “Lebyazhye Islands”.List (slide 15-20.)

Yalta Nature Reservefounded in 1973,

Karadag nature reservefounded in 1979,

Kazantip Nature Reservefounded in 1998

Opukskiy nature reserves in 1998.

Crimean Nature Reserve (slide 21)characterized by rich vegetation. More than 1,200 plant species grow here (half of the Crimean flora). The reserve is home to the largest population of the Crimean subspecies of red deer in Crimea. In addition, roe deer and wild boar are found in the forests of the reserve. Hedgehogs and red foxes are common.

The slopes of the Crimean Mountains are covered with oak, beech, and pine forests; the peaks are occupied by mountain meadow steppes. Many of the most important rivers of Crimea originate in the protected mountains: Alma, Kacha, Ulu-Uzen, Avunda, Derekoyka and others (slide 6).

Protected on the territory of the reserves rare species flora and fauna, listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea. Among them are endemics 4 Crimea: Bibirshtein's yaskolka, Pallas' flax, Crimean lumbago.

Opuksky Nature Reserve, why is it named like that? Legend.

After the reserves, the Red Book (slide 21.)

Let's meet othersspecially protected natural areasRepublic of Crimea.

1. Landscape and recreational park“Atlesh” (slide 22).

The park is located in the Chernomorsky region, on the Black Sea coast. Atlesh consists of numerous cozy creeks, steep cliffs, deep caves and majestic stone arches, which were formed as a result of the action of winds and the capricious sea.

It is not for nothing that the beauty of these places has been captured in many films, for example,
“Amphibian Man”, “Men and Dolphins”, “Pirates of the 20th Century”.

Trailer "Amphibian Man". Why was it filmed in Crimea? On the Black Sea, not the Azov Sea? (slide 23-24.)

In addition to land routes, it is planned to create a marine ecological route on the territory, as well as equip the territory with recreation areas.

On the territory of the Atlesh landscape and recreational park, the following representatives of flora and fauna are found, listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea: Tarkhankut onion, Dzevanovsky wormwood, sheep's cornflower, Black Sea scallop.

What natural areas are protected in the Black Sea region? (slide 25.)

(slides 26-27)

2. Natural White Rock Park(slide 28-29).

The White Rock, or as it is also called Ak-Kaya, is one of the most beautiful places Crimea. The mountain rises 325 meters above the valley. From the foot of the cliff there is an amazing view of the mountain range in the south and the endless steppe expanses with ridges of ancient mounds in the north.

The White Rock is immortalized not only in numerous photographs, but also in films. It was here that the films “The Headless Horseman”, “The Man from the Boulevard des Capuchins”, “The Leader of the Redskins”, “Armed and Very Dangerous” were filmed.

Which one natural area Are Crimea like the prairies of America? (slide 30)

Trailer "The Headless Horseman" (slide 31.)

On the territory natural park a walking route of about 2.5 km is planned

3. Natural monument“Mountain Cat” (slide 32).

Mount Cat is one of the most striking and interesting landscape monuments of the Crimean coast. By its nature, it is an outlier from the main ridge of the Crimean mountains and gradually moved along the slope to the sea. The natural monument is located near the village of Simeiz (Big Yalta) on an area of 50 hectares.

It is planned to create walking and equestrian ecological routes on the territory of the monument. Here under protection are: cranebird, sheep's cornflower, and bearded oat.

Park monument to landscape gardeningart "Forossky"

4. Landscape park in the village of Foros. Founded in 1834. The area is 70 hectares, of which 30 are occupied by cultural plantings (lower and middle zones), and 40 are forest park (upper) zone. The central part of the park, “Paradise,” is considered beautiful. There is a picturesque cascade of reservoirs here. The lower part of the park smoothly turns into the beach. At the bottom of the park there is a mass grave of soldiers Soviet army and the grave of Alexander Terletsky, a Soviet partisan. In 1963, an obelisk was installed on it (slide 21).

Reserved tract "Yayla Chatyrdaga"(slide 34-35).

The nature of the Yayla Chatyrdag tract is fertile. On the upper plateau there are almost no shrubs, with the exception of rare juniper bushes, but there is a huge variety of herbs. About 50 types of different herbs are found here and it seems that the air is simply saturated with their amazing aroma.

Yayla Chatyrdaga ranks first among other Crimean yaylas in the number of caves and karst sinkholes; there are more than 1000 of them. The Yayla Chatyrdaga tract has long been one of the favorite places of tourists. (slide 23).

Under protection are: May lily of the valley, white-bottomed belladonna, Cossack juniper, scabious hawk moth, Black Sea marigold (slide 24).

State nature reserve“Khapkalsky” (slide 36-37).

Its name is specially protected natural area received, thanks Khapkhal gorge, adjacent to Demerdzhi-yayla in the southwest.

The reserve was founded in October 1974, area 250 hectares.
The forest of the Khapkhal gorge is represented by the following tree species: hornbeam, beech, as well as oak, linden, rowan, hazel and dogwood; there are areas of a two-century forest where sessile oak and Crimean pine grow.

In the Khapkhal gorge, the Ulu-Uzen Vostochny River forms a series of rapids cascades andJur-Jur waterfall, 15 meters high. This is the deepest waterfall in Crimea. It does not dry out even in the driest time of the year. The water in the waterfall is cold even in summer (7 0 C) (slide 26).

After completion, handing in the sheets and evaluation by the teacher.

Endemics (slide 38-40)

Relics (slide 41-42)

Need protection (slide 43)

Black Sea. Magomayev “Blue Eternity” (slide 44.)

Every year the school protects the Black Sea. For what purpose? (slide 45)

Poem about the sea. (student for the competition “Protection of the Black Sea”)

III. Summing up the lesson.

Taking care of nature and protecting its wealth is the constitutional duty of every person.

Today you have consolidated and expanded your knowledge about specially protected natural areas as one of the areas of protection of the world natural heritage. Many of you actively worked in class today and helped both your classmates in studying the topic and me in conducting the lesson.

The tread of centuries... Years, decades, centuries form an unbroken chain of eras, embodied in the works of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Security cultural heritage, ecological environment habitat has become one of the most important tasks. Crimea should turn into a cultural, historical and natural reserve.

Crimean people love their land very much. Wherever a Crimean person is, he will certainly say: better than Crimea no land. This is our region, Crimea.(slide 46.)

Consolidation. Questions (slide 47)

At home, you are asked to think about another problematic issue. Environmental scientists argue that for the full protection of nature on Earth, at least one third of the entire land surface must be declared specially protected natural objects. How could this affect the development of the global economy and decisions global problems humanity?

Prepare a report on the endemics of the Black Sea region.

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Slide captions:

Lesson topic: “Specially protected natural areas of the Republic of Crimea” (SPNA)

The main goals of specially protected natural areas: - preservation of unique natural landscapes; - protection of endangered species of plants and animals; - ensuring environmental conditions for their existence; - protection and protection of natural areas visited by tourists.

Crimea is an amazing treasury, a natural museum that keeps the secrets of thousands of years.. A. Griboyedov

2017 in the Russian Federation has been declared the year of ecology

Small Motherland for us - the Republic of Crimea

Protected natural areas are areas of land, water surface and air space above them where natural complexes and objects are located that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health value, which are withdrawn by decisions of government authorities in whole or in part from economic use and for which a special protection regime has been established"

On the territory of the Republic of Crimea, there are 196 natural reserve objects of various categories with a total area of 220 thousand hectares, which is 8.4% of the total area of Crimea. Today, specially protected areas of the Republic of Crimea are represented by: - state natural reserves; - landscape and recreational parks; - natural parks; - state nature reserves; - natural monuments; - protected areas; - parks - monuments of landscape art; - zoological parks; - botanical gardens and dendrological parks

Natural reserves Protected tracts Sanctuaries Natural parks Landscape and recreational parks Parks-monuments of landscape gardening art Natural monuments Zoological parks Botanical gardens Dendrological parks Determine the types of specially protected areas.

1. Botanical gardens 2. Parks-monuments of landscape gardening art

3. Dendrological parks 4. Nature reserves.

5. Wildlife sanctuaries 6. Reserved tracts

7. Natural parks 8. Landscape and recreational areas

9. Natural monuments 10. Zoological parks

The following state nature reserves are located on the territory of the Republic of Crimea: Crimean Nature Reserve, Yalta Mountain Forest Nature Reserve, Karadag Nature Reserve, Opuk Nature Reserve, Kazantip Nature Reserve, Cape Martyan Nature Reserve. Apply to contour map

Crimean Nature Reserve was founded in 1913. The reserve includes 5 forest districts and the Razdolnensky ornithological branch “Lebyazhye Islands”. The ornithological reserve "Swan Islands" is of international importance

The formation of the Yalta Mountain Forest Nature Reserve took place in 1973. Many plants that form part of the unique sub-Mediterranean undergrowth, as well as tall pine, oak and beech forests, were taken under state protection

Between Feodosia and Sudak, the ancient volcanic massif Kara-Dag rose above the sea. The age of Kara-Dag is determined to be 150 million years, the oldest volcanic massif Jurassic period, a storehouse of a wide variety of minerals. Karadag

On Black Sea coast On the Kerch Peninsula, at Cape Opuk, there is a mountain of the same name - a striking landmark in these desert places. In 1998, the Opuksky Nature Reserve was created. Under state protection, on an area of more than 1.5 thousand hectares, there are endless steppes and their “population”. Why is it named like that?

Insignificant foreigners, we gave you shelter, but you became arrogant! He turned to the citizens and asked what punishment they would like to subject the queens to. Do whatever you want,” the people answered, “we only ask to free us from such power.” Do you hear the voice of the people? “This is the insignificant buzzing of mosquitoes,” the women answered. -Hey, warriors, show them our severity! “Don’t you dare move!” the beggar shouted. “Otherwise you will die from one movement of my hand.” Having said this, he raised his hand to the sky and said: I conjure you this very minute to turn into birds, the touch of which would be unpleasant for a person. Your throne will turn into a rock with birds’ nests! Legend. Mountain of two hoopoes - Opuk

Kazantip Cape Kazantip is located in the northern part of the Kerch Peninsula, which has the status of a nature reserve since 1998. Mys is an ancient fossil reef, it is composed of bryozoan limestones.

Rare species of flora and fauna, listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea, are protected on the territory of the reserves. Among them are endemics of the Crimea: Bibirshtein's flax, Pallas's flax, Crimean lumbago Why is the Red Book being created?

Landscape and recreational park "Atlesh". P represents numerous cozy creeks, steep cliffs, deep caves and majestic stone arches, which were formed as a result of the action of winds and the capricious sea. Films made: “Amphibian Man”, “Men and Dolphins”, “Pirates of the 20th Century” and others.

Why was the film shot in Crimea? On the Black Sea, not the Azov Sea? 1961 "Lenfilm". The action takes place in one of the Latin American countries

What protected areas are there in the Black Sea region besides Atlesh?

Dzhangul landslide coast

Kalos Limen is the oldest and most significant archaeological site in the North-Western Crimea, located at a great distance from other ancient cities of the peninsula. It was located in a convenient harbor, which was unchanged in the location of all Greek settlements, which gave them a lot of advantages, and the said settlement was also given a name - Beautiful Harbor, which was completely true

White Rock Nature Park

The natural park “White Rock” or as it is also called Ak-Kaya is one of the most beautiful places in Crimea. The mountain rises 325 meters above the valley. From the foot of the cliff there is an amazing view of the mountain range in the south and the endless steppe expanses with ridges of ancient mounds in the north. The White Rock is immortalized not only in numerous photographs, but also in films. It was here that the films “The Headless Horseman”, “The Man from the Boulevard des Capuchins”, “The Leader of the Redskins”, “Armed and Very Dangerous” were filmed.

The Headless Horseman takes place in Texas in 1850. USSR production "Lenfilm", 1973. Which natural zone of Crimea resembles the prairies of America?

Mount Cat is one of the most striking and interesting landscape monuments of the Crimean coast. By its nature, it is an outlier from the main ridge of the Crimean Mountains and gradually moved along the slope to the sea. The natural monument is located near the village of Simeiz (Big Yalta) on an area of 50 hectares. Here under protection are: cranebird, sheep's cornflower, and bearded oat.

Park, a monument to landscape gardening art "Forossky" Landscape park in the village of Foros. Founded in 1834. The central part of the park, “Paradise,” is considered beautiful. There is a picturesque cascade of reservoirs here.

Yayla Chatyrdaga

Yayla Chatyrdag is part of the Chatyr-Dag mountain range. On the Upper Plateau there are the two highest points of the mountain: Cape Eklizi-Burun, soaring to a height of 1527 meters and Cape Angar-Burun 1453 meters above sea level. These peaks are considered one of the most magnificent viewing points of the mountainous Crimea. About 50 species of different herbs are found here. Yayla Chatyrdaga ranks first among other Crimean yaylas in the number of caves and karst sinkholes; there are more than 1000 of them. The Yayla Chatyrdaga tract has long been one of the favorite places of tourists. The following species are under protection: May lily of the valley, white-bottomed belladonna, Cossack juniper, scabious hawkmoth, and Black Sea marigold.

Nature reserve "Khapkal"

The specially protected natural area received its name thanks to the Khapkhal gorge, adjacent to Demerdzhi-yayla in the southwest. The reserve was founded in October 1974, area 250 hectares. The forest of the gorge includes tree species: hornbeam, beech, as well as oak, linden, rowan, hazel and dogwood; there are areas of two-century forest where sessile oak and Crimean pine grow. In the Khapkhal gorge, the Ulu-Uzen Vostochny River forms a series of rapids cascades and the Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall, 15 meters high. This is the deepest waterfall in Crimea. It does not dry out even in the driest time of the year. The water in the waterfall is cold even in summer (7 0 C)

What are endemics?

What are relics?

Today, the ecology of the Black Sea is in a state of crisis. The influence of negative natural and anthropogenic factors inevitably leads to changes in the ecosystem. Basically, the water area suffered the same problems as other seas.

The tread of centuries... Years, decades, centuries form an unbroken chain of eras, embodied in the works of antiquity and the Middle Ages. The protection of cultural heritage and ecological habitat has become one of the most important tasks. Crimea should turn into a cultural, historical and natural reserve. Crimean people love their land very much. Wherever a Crimean person is, he will certainly say: there is no land better than Crimea. This is our region, Crimea.

QUESTIONS 1.What is a protected area? 2. List state natural reserves. 3. What is the difference between a natural monument and a natural park? 4. What reserve is the legend “Mountain of Two Hoopoes” about? 5. Protected areas of the Black Sea region? 6.What films were shot in Crimea? 7. Endemics of Crimea? 8. What are relics?

Class hour in 7th grade

"Reserved places of Crimea"

Target: introduce the nature reserves of the Crimean peninsula - the beauty of nature, which must be protected in order to preserve the unique natural heritage for future generations.

Tasks:

nurturing love for the nature of one’s country, a sense of patriotism;
fostering a culture of behavior in nature reserves and game reserves;
expanding the range of environmental knowledge.

Progress of the lesson

1. Teacher's word:

K.G. Paustovsky (1892-1968) wrote:

“There are corners of our earth so beautiful that every visit to them evokes a feeling of happiness, fullness of life, and tunes our entire being to an unusually simple and fruitful lyrical sound. This is Crimea... Everyone who has visited Crimea takes with them... regret and slight sadness that memories of childhood evoke, and the hope of seeing this midday land again.”

The great Chilean poet Pablo Neruda called Crimea an order on the chest of planet Earth. Not only him, but also many others creative people I was captivated by the beauty of this region, which the gods created for themselves, but then gave to people.

Crimea is an amazing place that aroused admiration from everyone who visited here. It did not leave indifferent many writers, poets and artists who visited here. The delightful nature of Crimea, its turbulent history, multinational culture inspired many generations of creative people.

Today we will talk about the wealth that is inexhaustible on this fertile land, but at the same time, which requires careful treatment and preservation - we will talk about protected areas Crimea.

Let's turn to explanatory dictionary and let's see what the reserve is?
- The dictionary of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov saysA reserve is a protected area where rare and valuable plants and animals are protected and reproduced.

Several students in our class found, studied and prepared material for our class topic in advance.

2. Children's performances.

Crimean Nature Reserve.

Crimean reserve is the largest on the Crimean Peninsula.

It is located among the highest mountain peaks, including such peaks as Chatyr-Dag, Demir-Kapu, Kemal-Egerek and the highest point of Crimea - Mount Roman-kosh.

Through reserve passes Nikitsky Pass - the highest pass in Crimea.

The vegetation of the reserve is very rich and diverse, with more than 1,200 species. Oak, beech and pine forests occupy the main area of the reserve.

The fauna is represented by more than 200 species of vertebrates. Many of them are included in various environmental books and red lists. But the king of the reserve is the noble Crimean deer.

About 70 species of birds nest in the reserve. In more remote places such birds nest rare birds, like the griffon vulture and the black vulture.

There are 300 springs on the territory of the reserve. The most famous is Savlukh-su, whose water is rich in microelements, especially silver, which allows the water to be suitable for consumption for a very long time.

The territory is replete with cultural and historical monuments, there are about 80 of them. There are valuable archaeological excavations here.

Magnificent trout ponds are located not far from mountain river Alma.

Crimean reserve is engaged not only in environmental protection and research activities. It is open for sightseeing and educational tourism.

Yalta Nature Reserve.

Yalta reserve located on the southern slopeCrimean mountains and stretches from Foros to Gurzuf for more than 40 km.

The climate in the lower part is predominantly Mediterranean, but becomes more moderate with increasing altitude. Thanks to this, the plant world is very diverse. Coniferous, oak and beech forests occupy significant areas, but special attention here we focus specifically on Crimean pine. You can also find juniper and pistachio trees in the reserve.

More than 35 species of mammals and about 150 species of birds, more than 20 species of reptiles and amphibians live here. The most common species are red deer, roe deer, mouflon, Crimean fox, Crimean weasel, and brown hare.

Reserve open to visitors all year round, with the exception of very hot days summer months when fire danger increases. Special routes have been developed here for tourists that pass through interesting natural sites: the Ai-Petri teeth, the Uchan-Su waterfall, the Alimushka, Shishko, Stavri-Kaya rocks.

Climbing to the Ai-Petri plateau, you can see a magnificent view of the Crimean coast. You can also get here by cable car, the lower landing area of which is located in Miskhor. There is a nearbycave Three-Eyes, where one hall is open to the public.

You can ride a horse through the pine-oak forest above Gurzuf; a special tourist route for horseback riding has been organized here.

Yalta reserve – this is another pearl of such a rich and unique Crimea.

Nature Reserve Cape Martyan.

Reserve Cape Martyan is located in the south of Crimea, east of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden.

This is the smallestreserve Crimea. It is located on the cape of the same name.

The flora of the reserve includes more than 530 plant species, 38 of which are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. The main task of environmental protection measures is to preserve a unique corner of Mediterranean nature (plants such as high juniper and small-fruited strawberry are of particular value).

The adjacent waters of the Black Sea are also under protection. This is the only place where shipping and all types of underwater hunting and fishing are prohibited, due to which the number of underwater inhabitants has noticeably increased.

Black Sea dolphins often come here - white-sided dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and Azov dolphins.

The fauna of the reserve is very rich: 150 species of birds, 18 species of mammals, 70 species of fish, 700 species of insects.

There is an ecological trail in the reserve, along which excursions are conducted.

In the summer season you can swim on the reserve's beach.

Tour desks offer excursions toreserve Cape Martyan with a simultaneous visit to the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden - the most popular excursion site in Crimea.

Karadag reserve.

Karadag reserve is familiar to many travel lovers as the most beautiful corner of Crimea.

The main attraction is the only extinct volcano in Europe, Karadag, which has preserved not only traces of weathering, but also traces of the eruption process itself, which took place about 150 million years ago.

Since 1914, there have been ongoing scientific works, and in 1979, Karadagsky was founded on the basis of the scientific stationreserve , which occupies the territory between the villages of Kurortnoye, Shchebetovka and Koktebel.

The fauna and flora of the reserve are very rich, with more than 2,500 plants and 5,300 animal species. Wild boar, fox, roe deer, squirrel, hedgehog, brown hare, and stone marten live here.

The water area is inhabited by typical Black Sea inhabitants. Off the coast of the reserve you can meet the Black Sea Azov dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and white sided dolphins.

The coastline is favored by crested cormorants, which form numerous colonies here.

A visit to the reserve is organized along special ecological trails, accompanied by scientific staff.

The Golden Gate Island rock is the calling card of the reserve.

Bizarre rocks have excited the imagination since ancient times, as evidenced by the names translated from Tatar as the Devil's Mouth and the Devil's Finger. Unique landscapes have always attracted travelers and creative people here.

3. A word to the teacher

Crimea is a wonderful corner of generous nature, a museum under open air. The paths of its history are complex and whimsical. When you try to trace them from today, it begins to seem as if someone omnipotent was playing with this small peninsula, like a precious toy: “But I’ll do something else with it... And what will happen?”... .

Time changes, peoples change, but the love for Crimea remains unchanged...Love for this amazing corner of the Earth.

4. Statements (in a chain) of class participants:

Crimea is a planet in miniature.
Crimea is a fragment of the ancient Ecumene at the very doors of Russia.
Crimea is halfway from the pole to the equator.
Crimea is a combination of all the healing powers of Nature and a reserve of its wonders,
Crimea is a land where something blooms every day all year round.
Crimea is an arena for the play of all elements - sea, air and underground.
Crimea is a workshop of human genius and a museum of his creations.

Crimean Nature Reserve.

Nikitsky pass. Memorial sign

Noble Crimean deer

Griffon Vulture Black Vulture

Source Savlukh-Su

Yalta Nature Reserve.

Ai-Petri teeth

Wuchang-Su waterfall.

Three-Eyes Cave.

Nature Reserve Cape Martyan.

Juniper Tall.

Black Sea dolphins Belobochka Bottlenose dolphin Azovka

Nikitsky Botanical Garden.

Karadag reserve.

Volcano Karadag.

Rock-island Golden Gate.

Devil's finger rock.

Crimea. Crimea is a planet in miniature. Crimea is a fragment of the ancient Ecumene at the very doors of Russia. Crimea is halfway from the pole to the equator. Crimea is a combination of all the healing powers of Nature and a reserve of its wonders. Crimea is a land where something blooms all year round, every day. Crimea is an arena for the play of all elements - sea, air and underground. Crimea is a workshop of human genius and a museum of his creations. Crimea is a hospitable home, always ready to receive guests.