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Relief, climate and flora of Chile. Relief, climate and flora of Chile Climatic features of the regions

The climate in Chile is very diverse due to the fact that the length of the South American country is about four thousand kilometers (from north to south). For example, the north of Chile is characterized by a desert climate with minimal rainfall (average temperature around 15-20 degrees). But in the south of the country, precipitation falls ten times more, while the air temperature is on average ten degrees lower.

The geographical position of Chile directly affects the fact that the fauna is not very rich here (after all, the Andes mountains are a kind of barrier to animal migration). The country is home to wolves, deer, chinchilla, llama and other animals. As for the flora, in the south you can see grassy steppes, a little to the north the jungle already begins, where laurel grows, coniferous trees and magnolia. The north of the country is a desert where there is nothing but cacti and thorns.

Chile climate by months:

Spring (Chilean autumn)

When spring awakens in the Northern Hemisphere, autumn begins in Chile. Despite the fact that autumn in Chile is very similar to spring, there are some differences between the two seasons. For example, in the south and north of the country there may be completely different weather: In the northern part of the country, people wear light clothes, because it is quite warm, and at the same time, in the southern part, people try to dress warmer.

Separately, it is worth mentioning Easter Island, which literally all tourists want to visit. Falls here in April and May a large number of precipitation, while in other months this is not observed. There are few holidays in Chile at this time, but the Day of navy(May 21st).

Summer (Chilean winter)

To Chile warm winter- The air temperature at this time of the year is 5-10 degrees Celsius. Feature winters - a lot of precipitation, several times more than in other seasons. On the south coast in winter there is another feature: foggy weather, which can last for a very long time, but the air temperature does not drop much.

In winter, there are practically no tourists in Chile, including due to the fact that at this time of the year there are few holidays in the country. We can only note two dates: the Assumption (celebrated on August 15) and the Day of Saints Peter and Paul, which is celebrated at the very end of June.

Autumn (Chilean Spring)

Spring in the country begins in September and ends in November. Climatic conditions in autumn and spring in Chile are almost identical: for example, the average air temperature in September is 20 degrees, in October - 20-24, in November - 21-26.

Spring is eagerly awaited in Chile locals, and the guests of the resort, because in winter there is a lot of precipitation, and in September it becomes noticeably less. At this time of the year, many holidays are celebrated in the country, among which are the Day of the military forces, All Saints' Day and, of course, Independence Day.

Winter (Chilean summer)

Since the country is located in the Southern Hemisphere, summer here begins in December. At this time of the year in Chile, the air temperature is around 25 degrees, and heatwave- a rarity (except for the north of the country). Therefore, such weather attracts many tourists who tend to visit Chile in January and February. The dry and sunny summers have cool evenings when the air temperature drops a lot compared to the daytime.

In summer, the water temperature in the ocean is around 18 degrees, which allows tourists to enjoy swimming and have a good time. On December 8, Chileans celebrate immaculate conception, December 25 - Christmas, January 1 - New Year. Separately, it is worth noting the wide variety of various festivals that are held in the country: for example, the festival of folklore or classical music.

CLIMATE


Chile is sandwiched between two great forces of nature: the Pacific Ocean to the west and high peaks Andes in the east. The country is located in the southeastern part of South America and is bordered by Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, and Argentina to the east. Chile is the seventh largest South American country with a surface area of ​​756,096 km2. The capital is Santiago.

On a map, Chile looks like a long, narrow strip of land, over 4,000 km long and 177 km wide on average. The northern region of the country is dominated by altiplanos and deserts, including the Atacama Desert, the driest desert on the planet. In the central region, the country's two dominant mountain ranges - the Cordillera de la Costa (Coastal Mountain Range) and the Andes - create a series of valleys, with fast-flowing rivers and an abundance of agricultural land. The southern region of the country is known for its large lakes, evergreen forests and snow-capped volcanoes. The region also contains important inter-ocean passages such as the Strait of Magellan, the Beagle Channel and the Drake Passage.

Due to the shape of its territory, Chile has 4,000 km of coastline filled with extensive beaches and high cliffs hanging over the sea. To the east and parallel to the Pacific Ocean are the Andes, with the highest peaks:
- Hoyos del Salado volcano (6,893 meters),
- Lullaillaco volcano (6,739 meters),
- Tres Cruces (6,749 meters),
- Cerro Tupungato (6635 meters).

Due to its vast extent, Chile has many climatic conditions. This is explained geographic location Chile with respect to zones high pressure, the presence of the polar front and the influence of the sea. The presence of the sea gives the country a predominant Mediterranean climate with moderate temperatures and a wide range between day highs and night lows. AT southern region more humidity and precipitation and more low temperatures than in the central region. The northern part of Chile is dominated by a desert climate, hot during the day and very cold at night. Choose best time our monthly weather calendar will help you travel to Chile.

Weather in Chile in January

In January, in the northern and central region, the temperature air masses fluctuates between +22°С…+30°С during the day and +13°С…+18°С at night. The temperature of the water in the ocean off the central coast of Chile reaches +17°C, while in the north - up to +23°C. Precipitation in these regions in January is not expected. In the south (Punta Arenas) the air temperature during the day is +14°С, at night +7°С. For a month, up to 40 mm of precipitation falls here. Water temperature at south coast Pacific Ocean +9°С.


Weather in Chile in February

In February, the air temperature in the north of the country reaches the thermometer mark of +25°С during the day and +18°С at night. In the south, during the day, the sun will warm the air up to +14°C, cooling down to +7°C at night. In the central regions, the daytime temperature fluctuates between +22°С…+29°С, and at night it drops to +11°С…+12°С. In the south, 50 mm of precipitation falls in 10 rainy days, in the center in 7 days - 45 mm, and in the north - no precipitation all year round. Temperature sea ​​water at southern shores reaches +9°C, near the central shores +16°С…+18°С, and near the northern coasts +23°С.


Weather in Chile in March

In March, in Santiago and other central cities of the country, the average air temperature is +27°C during the day, +11°C at night, and the water in the ocean is +17°C. In the south, +12°C during the day, +5°C at night, and the water near the coast warms up to +9°C. In the north, it is +24°С during the day, +17°С at night, and the water temperature in the ocean is +23°С. For a month in the south, 45 mm of precipitation falls in 8 days, and in central area up to 10 bad weather days and up to 65 mm of precipitation are expected.


Weather in Chile in April

In April, the daytime air temperature in the north drops to +22°С, at night - to +15°С, and the water temperature - to +21°С. In the central regions during the day +19°С…+23°С, at night +8°С…+11°С. The water in the Pacific Ocean warms up to +15°С ... +16°С. In the south, April is the coolest: +10°C during the day and +3°C at night, the water temperature in the ocean is +9°C. For 15 rainy days, 130 mm of precipitation falls in the central city of Valdivia, and up to 45 mm in the rest of the country.


Weather in Chile in May

In May, the north of the country is the warmest: during the day + 20 ° С, at night + 14 ° С, the water temperature in the ocean is + 20 ° С. In the central region during the day the air temperature is +12°С…+19°С, at night +6°С…+10°С. The amount of precipitation rises in Valdivia to 285 mm, and in other cities to 40-55 mm. The water temperature in the ocean drops to +14°C. In the south, up to 45 mm of precipitation falls, and the air temperature reaches +7°С during the day, dropping to +1°С at night. Here the water temperature in the Pacific Ocean is +9°C.


Weather in Chile in June

In June, the air temperature in the central cities of Chile in daytime day fluctuates between +10°С…+15°С and +4°С…+8°С - after sunset. The water temperature is +13°C. In Valdivia it rains for 22 days, bringing maximum amount precipitation - 325 mm. In other cities, 70-95 mm of precipitation falls in 7-9 days. In the north, the air temperature during the day will be + 19 ° С, at night + 14 ° С, the water in the ocean warms up to + 19 ° С. The coldest in the south is +4°С during the day, -1°С at night. The amount of precipitation of 35 mm falls in 8 rainy days, and the temperature of the water in the ocean will drop to +8°C.


Weather in Chile in July

In July, in the northern and central regions, the air mass temperature fluctuates between +10°С…+18°С during the day and +4°С…+10°С at night. The temperature of the water in the ocean near the central coast of Chile reaches +12°С, and near the northern coast - up to +17°С. The amount of precipitation decreases in Valdivia to 285 mm, while in other cities it increases to 85-110 mm. In the south (Punta Arenas) the air temperature during the day is +4°С, at night -1°С. For a month, up to 35 mm of precipitation falls here. The water temperature off the South Pacific coast is +8°C.


Weather in Chile in August

In August, the air temperature in the north of the country reaches the thermometer mark of +18°С during the day and +13°С at night. In the south, during the day, the sun will warm the air up to + 5 ° C, cooling down to 0 ° C at night. In the central regions, the daytime temperature fluctuates between +11°С…+16°С, and at night it drops to +5°С…+6°С. In the south, 35 mm of precipitation falls in 7 rainy days, in the center in 6-8 days - 50-60 mm, and in Valdivia - up to 210 mm in 21 days. The water temperature near the southern shores reaches +6°C, near the central shores +12°С…+13°С, and near the northern shores +17°С.


Weather in Chile in September

In September, in Santiago and other central cities of the country, during the day the average air temperature is +13°С…+16°С during the day and +5°С…+8°С at night, and the water in the ocean is +13°С. In the south, +8°C during the day, +1°C at night, and the water near the coast warms up to +6°C. In the north, it is +19°С during the day, +14°С at night, and the water temperature in the ocean is +17°С. For a month in the south, 30 mm of rain falls in 6 days, and in the central region 5 bad days and 25 mm of rain are expected, except in Valdivia, where 140 mm of rain falls in 16 bad days.


Weather in Chile in October

In October, the daytime air temperature in the south is +10°С, at night +3°С, and the water temperature is up to +6°С. For 7 days, up to 25 mm of precipitation falls here. In the central regions during the day +16°С…+22°С, at night +7°С…+10°С. The water in the Pacific Ocean warms up to +13°С ... +14°С. For 14 rainy days, 105 mm of precipitation falls in the central city of Valdivia, and up to 15 mm in central cities. In the north, the air temperature is +20°С during the day and +15°С at night, the water temperature in the ocean is +18°С.


Weather in Chile in November

In November, the north of the country is the warmest: during the day + 22 ° С, at night + 15 ° С, the water temperature in the ocean is + 20 ° С. In the central region during the day the air temperature is +18°С…+25°С, at night +10°С…+11°С. Rainfall in Valdivia is 80 mm, while in other cities up to 10 mm. The water temperature in the ocean is +15°С. In the south, up to 80 mm of precipitation falls, and the air temperature reaches +18°C during the day, dropping to +10°C at night. Here the water temperature in the Pacific Ocean is +14°C.


Weather in Chile in December

In December, in the northern and central regions, the air mass temperature fluctuates between +20°С…+28°С during the day and +12°С…+17°С at night. The temperature of the water in the ocean off the central coast of Chile reaches +16°C, while in the north - up to +22°C. Precipitation decreases in Valdivia to 65 mm, while in other cities there is no precipitation. In the south (Punta Arenas) the air temperature during the day is +14°С, at night +6°С. For a month, up to 35 mm of precipitation falls here. The water temperature off the South Pacific coast is +8°C.

Stanley Bryant

Chile Brief climate description

Weather in Chile is affected by the following factors: Climate middle latitude Dry arid (desert). Mid-latitude desert. Evaporation on average exceeds precipitation but is less than half of potential evaporation. average temperature is less than 18°C ​​(64°F). Winter has a negative temperature.
The hottest month is January, when Maximum temperature is about 20℃ (69℉). Usually the third week is the hottest. But be aware of fog and rain. Most cold month- June. This month the temperature can even be 6℃ (43℉) at night! For the first week, you should wear your warmest clothes. And be prepared for fog and rain.

Chile weather conditions throughout the year

Chile is located in South America between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean and is one of the best tourist destinations in the world. In Chile, the weather is very unpredictable and varied, and temperatures are difficult to determine throughout the country. Winter lasts from June to August, summer - from December to February. In the north of Chile, the climate is semi-desert and desert (Atacama, Tarapaca), which depends on the constant high pressure over the Pacific Ocean and the cold Chilean (Humboldt) sea current (flowing from Valparaiso to the north). The climate in the central part of Chile (mainly in the valleys of Chile) is subtropical (Mediterranean type), in the southern part there is a cold ocean and high climate Andes. The temperature in winter (July) and summer (January) decreases, moving from north to south. Average temperature in summer: 24℃ (75℉) Arica, Iquik 22℃ (71℉), 21℃ (69℉) Antofagasta, La Serena 17℃ (63℉), Puerto Montt 15℃ (60℉), Punta Arenas 12℃ (54℉). The average winter temperature is relatively high: Iquik 15℃ (60℉), 14℃ (57℉) Antofagasta, La Serena 10℃ (50℉), Puerto Montt 5℃ (40℉), Punta Arenas -1℃ (31℉). There is almost no rainfall in the northern region; middle part of chile gets rain from constant west wind, and the southern part of the moving depression moving south of the Sierra del Fuego. The annual rainfall in the port of Arica is 0.5 mm, 11.0 mm in Iquique, La Colourful 194 mm, 464 mm in Santiago, Valdivia 1828 mm, 1974 mm in Puerto Monte and near the village of Bahia Felix 4866 mm. In the south of the country and in Patagonia, summer months(December-March) are very pleasant and suitable for hiking and other activities. Atacama and other places in the north of the country can be visited
bad year. Weather in Chile influenced Mid-latitude dry arid (desert) climate. Mid-latitude desert. Evaporation on average exceeds precipitation but is less than half of potential evaporation. The average temperature is below 18° C (64° F). Temperatures drop below zero in winter

Chile is a country that has become unique due to its borders. Outwardly, it resembles an elongated strip, which is incredibly narrow and very long. For this reason, the climate of Chile is so diverse, because the territory of the state covers desert zones, tropics, continental regions and tundra. Let's go on a journey through this country and learn more about it.

Looking for Chile on the world map

The geography of any country begins with its position on the map. Chile is a country that is located in the southwest of South America, capturing the same long Andes mountain range as itself. The western shores of the state are washed by Pacific Ocean, in the east the country borders on Argentina and Bolivia, and in the north - on Peru. southern part Chile is part of natural complex called Patagonia and is washed by the cold current of the Pacific Ocean.

In addition to the mountain complex on the territory of the country, there is a huge one. It is considered the driest in the world, its relief does not consist of sand, but of soil and rocks, but even in spite of such harsh conditions, plants are found here. It is worth saying that in many ways the climate of Chile was formed directly due to the features of the relief.

Climate

Chile is a country located in South America. If we look at the map, we will see the following climatic zones, which have sharp differences:

  • Desert. The territory of the Atacama covers the entire north of the state. Precipitation here falls once every four years, and during the rest of the time the strongest winds blow and the maximum daily temperature drops on the planet can be traced. climate change there are no seasons.
  • Chilean Andes - mountains with a pronounced altitudinal zonality. Seasonal temperature fluctuations are insignificant, but daily ones make themselves felt. In the north of the country the ridge crosses tropical belt, but at the same time it borders on the desert. Due to this, the western part of the mountains suffers from drought, and in the east the precipitation is very plentiful. In the South Andes region, the climate of Chile becomes more moderate, the amount of rain increases and becomes uniform. Seasonal temperature fluctuations are pronounced.
  • The central part of the state is the subtropical zone. From plants there are shrubs and herbs, rare groups of small trees.
  • A small area of ​​the country from the center to the south is covered with evergreen forests.
  • Patagonia, or the far south, is the home of the Antarctic glaciers. It is always cold here, in summer there is a polar night, and in winter - a polar day.

What are the forecasts for Chile?

The weather in this country, as we have seen, is more than varied. On the territory of Atacama during the day the air warms up to 18-20 degrees, and at night the bar drops to 3-0. The central subtropical regions are the most favorable place in Chile. The weather from December to February is very hot - up to +32, and from June to August it is rarely cooler than +15. To the south, the climate changes to continental. Winters are warm, but not hot - no more than +20, and summers are cool and humid - within +7 degrees, up to 5600 mm of precipitation falls.

Time zone of Chile

This amazing state has a large length from north to south, crosses numerous climatic zones. But the insignificant width makes it possible for all residents of Chile to live according to a single time. So, the official time zone of the country is CLST, or GMT-04 (03 in the summer). If we compare Chilean time with Moscow time, we can trace the difference of 6 hours. When it is 12.00 in Moscow, it is 6.00 in the morning in Santiago and other cities of this country.

As noted above, Chile is switching from winter to summer time. Alarm clocks are set one hour ahead on the third Saturday in October, and one hour back on the third Saturday in March. Do not forget that the country is located in southern hemisphere, so the calendar summer here is a geographic winter.

Conclusion

Summing up, we can say that Chile is one of the most interesting countries in the world. In addition to the traditions of the Indians, which are better preserved here than anywhere else in South America, nature indulges in its diversity. The Andes mountains make it possible to open ski resorts.

The soft and the Pacific Ocean together form a real summer paradise for lovers beach holiday. There is something interesting for those who are in search of a new and unknown. What is the Atacama with its Martian landscapes and Patagonia with crimson sunsets and melting glaciers!